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Aims: The current research work was framed to identify and estimate the changes in pharmacokinetic data for oral simvastatin 40 mg in healthy adult volunteers during fasting condition and with simultaneous administration of food and antacids at a frequent interval. Materials and Methods: Nine healthy Malaysian male adult volunteers recruited into the present study. If study participants had a history of any major disease, they were excluded from the study. This study comprised of three groups with a crossover design in three blocks. Prior and after intake of drug, the blood samples (10 ml) were withdrawn and transferred to labeled glass tubes at a frequent interval. The blood sample was processed and the obtained serum was quantified by liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method. Results: The pharmacokinetic data such as AUC0–24, Tmax, and Cmaxvalues were increased when the drug is administered along with drug or antacid. The elimination rate constant and volume of distribution do not found to have difference among the three groups. The t1/2of simvastatin was decreased when the drug is taken along with food but not with antacid or on empty stomach. The clearance of the drug is limited when the drug is administered along with antacid. Both antacid and food had the similar effect on simvastatin on various pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC0–24, Cmax, Ke, Tmax, Cl, and Vd. Conclusion: The prolonged gastric residence time of simvastatin was produced by food and antacid by delaying gastric emptying which is offset by increased pH of the gastrointestinal tract. Thus, it leads to increased stability of lactone form of simvastatin and its absorption.

Background. Hypertension is extremely prevalent in patients with diabetes. Limited data exist on utilization patterns of antihypertensive in this population are consistent with evidence-based practice guidelines. Objective. To evaluate utilization patterns of antihypertensive agents among diabetic patients with hypertension. Design. Retrospective descriptive cross sectional. Patients / Participants. 149 patients with diabetes and hypertension from outpatient department at Family Medicine Hospital, Ahaderfieda. Khamis Mushait, K.S.A. Results. Over 43% of patients were receiving calcium channel blockers (CCB), 36.2 % of received angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI), followed by angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (34.9%), diuretics (34.2%) and β -blockers (16.2%). Patients on monotherapy were mostly receiving CCB (34.3%) and ACEI (29.9%). The majority (55.03%) of treated patients were on multidrug regimens. In patients with coronary artery disease (CAD), a diuretic with ACEI (25%) and calcium channel blocker with angiotensin receptor blocker (25%) was most commonly prescribed. Conclusions. Patterns of antihypertensive therapy were generally consistent with international guidelines. Areas of improvement include increasing ACEI/ARB and diuretic use, decreasing the number of untreated patients, and increasing the proportion of patients with controlled BP in this population. Keywords: Hypertension, Diabetes, Antihypertensive agents., Antecedentes. La hipertensión es muy frecuente en los pacientes con diabetes. Existen datos limitados sobre los patrones de utilización de antihipertensivos en esta población consistentes con las guías de práctica basadas en la evidencia. Objetivo. Evaluar los patrones de utilización de antihipertensivos en los pacientes diabéticos con hipertensión . Diseño. Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo transversal. Pacientes / Participantes. 149 pacientes con diabetes e hipertensión, del departamento de pacientes ambulatorios en el Hospital de Medicina Familiar, Ahaderfieda. Khamis Mushait, K.S.A. Resultados. Más del 43% de los pacientes estaban recibiendo bloqueadores del canal de calcio (CCB), el 36,2% recibían inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA), seguido de los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina (BRA) (34,9%), diuréticos (34,2%) y bloqueadores β (16,2 %). Los pacientes en monoterapia fueron la mayoría recibiendo CCB (34,3%) e IECA (29,9%). La mayoría (55,03%) de los pacientes tratados se encontraban en regímenes de múltiples fármacos. En los pacientes con enfermedad de la arteria coronaria (CAD), se les prescribió con mayor frecuencia diurético con IECA (25%) y bloqueador de canales de calcio con bloqueador del receptor de angiotensina (25%). Conclusiones. Los patrones de utilización de antihipertensivos fueron generalmente consistentes con las directrices internacionales. Las áreas de mejora incluyen el aumento de IECA / ARB y el uso de diuréticos, disminuyendo el número de pacientes no tratados, y el aumento de la proporción de pacientes con PA controlada en esta población.