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The presence of Ti3+ in the structure of TiO2 nanotube arrays (NTs) has been shown to enhance the photoelectrochemical (PEC) water-splitting performance of these NTs, leading to improved results compared to pristine anatase TiO2 NTs. To further improve the properties related to PEC performance, we successfully produced TiO2 NTs using a two-step electrochemical anodization technique, followed by annealing at a temperature of 450 °C. Subsequently, Mo2C was decorated onto the NTs by dip coating them with precursors at varying concentrations and times. The presence of anatase TiO2 and Ti3O5 phases within the TiO2 NTs was confirmed through X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The TiO2 NTs that were decorated with Mo2C demonstrated a photocurrent density of approximately 1.4 mA cm−2, a value that is approximately five times greater than the photocurrent density exhibited by the bare TiO2 NTs, which was approximately 0.21 mA cm−2. The observed increase in photocurrent density can be ascribed to the incorporation of Mo2C as a cocatalyst, which significantly enhances the photocatalytic characteristics of the TiO2 NTs. The successful deposition of Mo2C onto the TiO2 NTs was further corroborated by the characterization techniques utilized. The utilization of field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) allowed for the observation of Mo2C particles on the surface of TiO2 NTs. To validate the composition and optical characteristics of the decorated NTs, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and UV absorbance analysis were performed. This study introduces a potentially effective method for developing efficient photoelectrodes based on TiO2 for environmentally sustainable hydrogen production through the use of photoelectrochemical water-splitting devices. The utilization of Mo2C as a cocatalyst on TiO2 NTs presents opportunities for the advancement of effective and environmentally friendly photoelectrochemical (PEC) systems.

A microbial optosensor for nitrite was constructed based on biomimetic silica nanoparticles, which were doped with R5, a polypeptide component of silaffin, as a robust biosilica immobilization matrix entrapped with Raoultella planticola and NAD(P)H cofactor during the in vitro biosilicification process of silica nanoparticles. Ruthenium(II)(bipy)2(phenanthroline-benzoylthiourea), the chromophoric pH probe, was physically adsorbed on the resulting biogenic nanosilica. Optical quantitation of the nitrite concentration was performed via reflectance transduction of the bio-doped microbial nanosilica at a maximum reflectance of 608 nm, due to the deprotonation of phen-BT ligands in the ruthenium complex, while the intracellular enzyme expression system catalyzed the enzymatic reduction of nitrite. Reflectance enhancement of the microbial optosensor was linearly proportional to the nitrite concentration from 1–100 mg L−1, with a 0.25 mg L−1 limit of detection and a rapid response time of 4 min. The proposed microbial optosensor showed good stability of >2 weeks, great repeatability for 5 repetitive assays (relative standard deviation, (RSD) = 0.2–1.4%), high reproducibility (RSD = 2.5%), and a negligible response to common interferents found in processed meats, such as NO3−, NH4+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ ions, was observed. The microbial biosensor demonstrated an excellent capacity to provide an accurate estimation of nitrite in several cured meat samples via validation using a standard UV-vis spectrophotometric Griess assay.

In the title compound, C14H18N2O2S, the piperidine ring has a chair conformation. Its mean plane is twisted with respect to the 4-methoxybenzoyl ring, with a dihedral angle of 63.0 (3)°. The central N—C(=S)—N(H)—C(=O) bridge is twisted with an N—C—N—C torsion angle of 74.8 (6)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along the c-axis direction. Adjacent chains are linked by C—H...π interactions, forming layers parallel to the ac plane. The layers are linked by offset π–π interactions [intercentroid distance = 3.927 (3) Å], forming a supramolecular three-dimensional structure.

Cobalt oxide thin films were successfully grown directly on fluorine-doped tin oxide glass substrates through a simple, green, and low-cost hydrothermal method. An investigation into the physicochemical characteristics and photoelectrochemical (PEC) properties of the developed cobalt oxide thin film was comprehensively performed. At various annealing temperatures, different morphologies and crystal phases of cobalt oxide were observed. Microflowers (Co3O4) and microflowers with nanowire petals (Co3O4/CoO) were produced at 450 °C and 550 °C, respectively. Evaluation of the PEC performance of the samples in KOH (pH 13), Na2SO4 (pH 6.7), and H2SO4 (pH 1) revealed that the highest photocurrent −2.3 mA cm−2 generated at −0.5 V vs. reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE) was produced by Co3O4 (450 °C) in H2SO4 (pH 1). This photocurrent corresponded to an 8-fold enhancement compared with that achieved in neutral and basic electrolytes and was higher than the results reported by other studies. This promising photocurrent generation was due to the abundant source of protons, which was favorable for the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in H2SO4 (pH 1). The present study showed that Co3O4 is photoactive under acidic conditions, which is encouraging for HER compared with the mixed-phase Co3O4/CoO.

The title compound, C15H14N2O3, crystallizes with two independent molecules (A and B) in the asymmetric unit that differ in the orientation of the 3-methoxyphenyl group with respect to the methylidenebenzohydrazide unit. The dihedral angles between the two benzene rings are 24.02 (10) and 29.30 (9)° in molecules A and B, respectively. In molecule A, the methoxy group is twisted slightly relative to its bound benzene ring, with a Cmethyl—O—C—C torsion angle of 14.2 (3)°, whereas it is almost co-planar in molecule B, where the corresponding angle is −2.4 (3)°. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H...O, O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds, as well as by weak C—H...O interactions, forming sheets parallel to the bc plane. The N—H...O hydrogen bond and weak C—H...O interaction link different molecules (A...B) whereas both O—H...N and O—H...O hydrogen bonds link like molecules (A...A) and (B...B). Pairs of inversion-related B molecules are stacked approximately along the a axis by π–π interactions in which the distance between the centroids of the 3-methoxyphenyl rings is 3.5388 (12) Å. The B molecules also participate in weak C—H...π interactions between the 4-hydroxyphenyl and the 3-methoxyphenyl rings.

The functionalization of N-(benzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)benzamide with a nitro (NO2) substituent influences the solid-state arrangement, absorption and fluorescence properties of these compounds. Each of these compounds crystallised in a different crystal system or space group, namely a monoclinic crystal system with P21/n and C2/c space groups for o-NO2 and m-NO2 derivatives, respectively, and an orthorhombic crystal system (Pbcn space group) for p-NO2 derivative. The o-NO2 substituent with intrinsic steric hindrance engendered a distorted geometry. Conversely, the m-NO2 derivate displayed the most planar geometry among the analogues. The solid-state architectures of these compounds were dominated by the N−H···N and C−H···O intermolecular hydrogen bonds and were further stabilised by other weak interactions. The dimer synthons of the compounds were established via a pair of N−H···N hydrogen bonds. These findings were corroborated by a Hirshfeld surface analysis and two-dimensional (2D) fingerprint plot. The interaction energies within the crystal packing were calculated (CE-B3LYP/6-31G(d,p)) and the energy frameworks were modelled by CrystalExplorer17.5. The highly distorted o-NO2 congener synthon relied mainly on the dispersion forces, which included π–π interactions compared to the electrostatic attractions found in m-NO2. Besides, the latter possesses an elevated asphericity character, portraying a marked directionality in the crystal array. The electrostatic and dispersion forces were regarded as the dominant factors in stabilising the crystal packing.

In the title compound, C17H16N2O3S, the phenylpropanoic acid and the benzoyl moieties adopt a cis–trans conformation, respectively, with respect to the thiono S atom across the C—N bonds. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. The crystal structure features carboxylic acid inversion dimers and pairwise N—H...S hydrogen bonds, which together generate [20-1] chains. Weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds are also observed.

In the title compound, C13H16N2O2S, the pyrrolidine ring has a twisted conformation on the central –CH2–CH2– bond. Its mean plane is inclined to the 4-methoxybenzoyl ring by 72.79 (15)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds to the same O-atom acceptor, forming chains along [001]. The chains are linked via slipped parallel π–π interactions [inter-centroid distance = 3.7578 (13) Å], forming undulating slabs parallel to (100).

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C14H20Br2O2, contains one half-molecule located on an inversion centre. The molecule is essentially planar, with a maximum deviation from the best plane of the non-H atoms of 0.054 (2) Å for the O atoms. The butoxy group adopts a fully extended all-trans conformation. In the crystal, molecules are connected via C—Br...O halogen bonds [Br...O = 3.2393 (19) Å] into a two-dimensional corrugated network in the bc plane.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C26H34O2S2, comprises one half-molecule located on an inversion centre. The thiophene groups are twisted relative to the benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 5.30 (7)°, and the n-hexyl groups are in a fully extended conformation. In the crystal, there are short C—H...π contacts involving the thiophene groups.

In the title compound, C11H12N4S, the thiophene ring is roughly planar, with a maximum deviation of 0.012 (1) Å for the S atom, and makes a dihedral angle of 7.89 (8)° with the mean plane of the piperidine ring, which is in a chair conformation. The crystal packing is stabilized by pairs of centrosymmetric intermolecular N—H...N hydrogen bonds, which results in the formation of a step-wise chain parallel to [10overline1].

In the title compound, C12H14N2OS, the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with the C atom at the 3-position as the flap and makes a dihedral angle of 65.80 (9)° with the benzene ring. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds join c-glide related molecules into chains extended along [001] that are further connected into (100) layers via C—H...O interactions.

In the title compound, C13H18N2O2S, the 4-methoxybenzoyl fragment is approximately planar [maximum deviation = 0.057 (2) Å] and twisted relative to the thioamide fragment, forming a dihedral angle of 86.62 (6)°. The two Csp2—Nsp2 bonds in the thiourea unit differ significantly in length [1.327 (2) and 1.431 (2) Å]. In the crystal, N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into chains parallel to [010].

The title molecule, C22H22Br4O2S2, is centrosymmetric with an inversion centre located at the centre of the benzene ring. The 3,5-dibromothiophene groups are twisted relative to the benzene ring, making a dihedral angle of 41.43 (9)°.

In the title compound, C9H12N4O, the piperidine ring adopts a chair conformation and makes a dihedral angle of 42.49 (11)° with the approximately planar pyrazole moiety [maximum deviation = 0.038 (2) Å]. In the crystal, N—H...O and N—H...N hydrogen bonds and a weak C—H...O interaction link the molecules into sheets lying parallel to (110).

In the title compound, C12H12N2O3S·2C2H6OS, the acetic acid and cinnamoyl groups adopt Z and E configurations, respectively, with respect to the thio group about the C—N bonds. The components of the asymmetric unit are connected by N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds and in the crystal weak intermolecular C—H...O and C—H...S hydrogen bonds further connect the components into chains along the b axis. In the main molecule, an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond is also present.

In the title compound, C15H11N3O, the dihedral angle betwen the heterocyclic rings is 9.23 (5)° and the dihedral angle between the benzoyl and pyrazole rings is 58.64 (5)°. In the crystal, inversion dimers linked by pairs of C—H...O hydrogen bonds generate R22(10) loops. The dimers stack into a column running parallel to the b-axis direction.

In the title compound, C15H19ClN2OS, the dihedral angle between the amide and thiourea fragments is 58.07 (17)°. The cyclohexane group adopts a chair conformation and is twisted relative to the thiourea fragment, forming a dihedral angle of 87.32 (18)°. In the crystal, N—H...S hydrogen bond links the molecules into chains running parallel to the a-axis direction.

The title molecule, C22H22O4, is centrosymmetric with an inversion centre located at the centre of the benzene ring. The 3,4-dimethoxybenzene fragment is essentially planar [maximum deviation = 0.400 (2) Å] and twisted relative to the central benzene ring, forming a dihedral angle of 21.25 (7)°. In the crystal, C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a two-dimensional polymeric structure lying parallel to (100).

The thiono and carbonyl groups in the title compound, C21H18N2O2S, adopt an anti disposition with respect to the central C—N bond. The diphenylamine rings are twisted relative to each other by a dihedral angle of 82.55 (10)°. The 3-methoxybenzoyl fragment is twisted relative to one of the diphenylamine rings, forming a dihedral angle of 74.04 (9)°. In the crystal, pairs of intermolecular N—H...S hydrogen bonds link the molecules into centrosymmetric dimers, forming columns parallel to the a axis.

In the title compound, C22H19FN2OS, the 2-fluorobenzoyl group adopts a trans conformation with respect to the thiono S atom across the N—C bond. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...S, C—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules, forming a two-dimensional network parallel to (101).

In the title compound, C22H19ClN2OS, the thiono and carbonyl groups are trans positioned with respect to a partially double C—N bond. The amide group is twisted relative to the thiourea fragment, forming a dihedral angle of 46.75 (11)°. In the crystal, intermolecular N—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a one-dimensional polymeric structure parallel to the c axis.

In the title compound, C11H13N3O3S, the benzene ring is twisted relative to the amidic fragment, forming a dihedral angle of 27.26 (9)°. The thiono and carbonyl groups are trans with respect to the C—N bond. Intermolecular N—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules in the crystal structure.

The title compound, C20H14N4OS·0.5CH2Cl2·H2O, contains 1,10-phenanthroline and benzoyl fragments that adopt cisoid and transoid conformations respectively, with respect to the S atom. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular O—H...O, O—H...N, N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming chains along [011]. Weak C—H...π and slipped π–π stacking interactions [centroid–centroid distances = 3.715 (3), 3.684 (3) and 3.574 (2) Å] are also observed. In addition to an ordered water molecule of solvation, there is a disordered dichloromethane solvent molecule which was difficult to model correctly. The contributions to the electron density for this molecule was removed using the SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON [Spek (2009). Acta Cryst. D65, 148–155].

The 2-bromobenzoyl group in the title compound, C22H19BrN2OS, adopts an E conformation with respect to the thiono S atom across the N—C bond. In the crystal structure, the molecule is stablized by N—H...O intermolecular hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional chain along the b axis.

In the title compound, C12H14N2O3S, the propyl acetate group and the benzoyl group adopt a cis–trans conformation, respectively, with respect to the thiono S atom across the C—N bonds. The phenyl ring is twisted relative to the the thiourea mean plane, forming a dihedral angle of 24.16 (9)°. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond occurs. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a chain along the a axis.

In the title compound, [Mo(C15H22BN6)Cl(NO)(C9H13N)]·CH2Cl2, the MoI atom adopts a distorted MoClN5 octahedral geometry with the hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate anion in an N,N′,N′′-tridentate tripodal (facial) coordination mode. A 4-tert-butylpyrine ligand, chloride anion and a nitrosyl cation complement the coodination of the MoI atom and an intramolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bond helps to stabilize the configuration of the complex molecule. The packing is stabilized by an intermolecular C—H...Cl hydrogen bond involving the complex molecule and the CH2Cl2 solvent molecule.

In the title compound, C14H12N2O2S, the aminophenol and the benzoyl groups adopt a syn–anti configuration with respect to the thiono C=S group across the thiourea C—N. The dihedral angle between the mean planes of the benzoyl and hydroxyphenyl rings is 36.77 (8)°. The molecules are stabilized by intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds. In the crystal, weak intermolecular C—H...O, O—H...S and N—H...O hydrogen bonds link the molecules into a chain along the c axis.

The molecule of the title compound, C22H18N4O2S2, lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The molecule adopts a syn–anti configuration with respect to the positions of the carbonyl groups and terminal phenyl rings relative to the thione S atom across the C—N bond. There are two intramolecular N—H...O and C—H...S hydrogen bonds within each molecule, resulting in the formation of four six-membered S(6) rings. The central and terminal rings make a dihedral angle of 13.55 (15)°. In the crystal, molecules are linked by intermolecular C—H...S hydrogen bonds, forming R22(14) rings and resulting in zigzag chains.

In the title compound, [Mo(C15H22BN6)(C7H4NO)2(NO)]·C7H5NO·CH2Cl2, the central MoII atom adopts a distorted cis-MoO2N4 octahedral geometry with the hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolylborate) anion attached to the metal in an N,N′,N′′-tridentate tripodal coordination mode. Two O-bonded 4-cyanophenolate anions and a nitrosyl cation complete the coodination of the MoII atom. Two intramolecular C—H...O and one C—H...N hydrogen bonds help to establish the configuration of the complex molecule. The crystal structure is stabilized by intermolecular C—H...N and C—H...O hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C13H16N2OS, the piperidine ring exhibit a classical chair conformation. In the crystal, the molecules are linked by N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming zigzag chains running parallel to the c axis.

In the title compound, C14H16N2O3S, the phenyl ring and the ethyl 2-(3-formylthioureido)acetate fragment adopt an E configuration with respect to the C=C bond. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond generating an S(6) ring motif is observed. In the crystal, molecules are linked by N—H...S, C—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming sheets lying parallel to the ab plane.

In the title compound [systematic name: 1-(3-phenylprop-2-enoyl)thiourea], C10H10N2OS, the acetylthiourea fragment and the phenyl ring adopt an E configuration. The roughly planar but-2-enoylthiourea fragment [maximum deviation = 0.053 (3) Å] forms a dihedral of 10.54 (11)° with the phenyl ring. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, molecules are linked into sheets parallel to (100) by N—H...S hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C13H14N2O3S, the methyl 2-(3-formylthioureido)acetate fragment and the phenyl ring adopt an E configuration. The molecule exhibits an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond, which completes a six-membered ring. The crystal packing is stabilized by intermolecular N—H...S contacts, generating a two-dimensional hydrogen-bonding network.

The molecule of the title compound, C22H18N4O2S2, lies across a crystallographic inversion centre. The central benzene ring forms dihedral angles of 29.39 (9) and 79.11 (12)°, respectively, with the thiourea unit and the terminal phenyl ring. Intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bonds generate two S(6) ring motifs. In the crystal, molecules are linked into chains along [1overline{1}0] by intermolecular N—H...S hydrogen bonds.

In the title compound, C11H12N2O3S, the methyl acetate and benzoyl groups adopt a cis-trans configuration with respect to the thiono S atom across the C—N bonds. An intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond is observed. In the crystal packing, molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a two-dimensional network lying parallel to (101).

In the title compound, C14H18N2O3S, the butyl acetate fragment and the benzoyl group adopt a cis–trans configuration, respectively, with respect to the thiono S atom across the C—N bonds. In the crystal packing, the molecules are linked by intermolecular N—H...O and C—H...O hydrogen bonds to form a one-dimensional chain along the c axis. The terminal butyl C atom is disordered with occupancies 0.82 (2)and 0.18 (2).

The title compound, C13H16N2O3S, is a thiourea derivative with benzoyl and propoxycarbonylmethyl groups attached to the two terminal N atoms. These groups adopt trans and cis configurations, respectively, with respect to the S atom across the thiourea C—N bonds. The compound crystallizes in the P21/c space group with Z = 8, resulting in two unique molecules in the asymmetric unit linked by C—H...S and C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a one-dimensional zigzag chain along the c axis.

The title compound, C12H14N2O3S, adopts a cis–trans geometry of the thiourea group and is stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds between the carbonyl O atoms and the H atom of the thioamide group and by a C—H...S interaction. Molecules are linked by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds (C—H...O and N—H...O), forming a one-dimensional chain parallel to the c axis.