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Anorexia is a neuronal metabolic disorders induced by factors such as malnutrition and brain metabolic abnormalities during crucial developmental stages. Anorexia nervosa is a complex condition that often requires a multidisciplinary approach, involving medical, nutritional, and psychological interventions. The available medications for specific symptoms for increasing feed intake, not applicable for children and pregnant and cancer patients such as Olanzapine, and Cyproheptadine. This study looked at how Artemisia absinthium (ART) affects brain metabolic syndrome brought on zinc deficiency diet (ZDD). The investigation examined the impact of a ZDD on a rat anorexia model. The second goal is to contrast how antihistamines and Artemisia absinthe extract affect the brain functions connected to appetite. For the studies, 40 mature male rats were divided into four groups. Four groups of forty rats each were used in the experiment. Each group consists of ten rats. The following groups are included in the study: the 1st group control group, the 2nd group treated with ZDD, the 3rd group treated with ZDD concurrent with Cyproheptadine (CH), the 4th group treated with ZDD concurrent with ART. CH and ART were taken orally for 30 days. Tests on biochemical markers were conducted after the examination. The findings showed that ZDD led to reduced levels of neurotransmitters in the brain. Lower concentrations of antioxidants, monoamine, and neuropeptide Y were also found. On the other hand, groups treated with CH and ART improved in comparison to ZDD and nearly recovered in comparison to the control group. Histopathological analysis was used to confirm biochemical data. Obtained data concluded that CH and ART reduce the effects of anorexia and oxidative stress, which function as neuromodulators and promote the release of monoamines.

Time series data clusters are being researched thoroughly. The distance metric drives the development of the clustering time series. The ARIMA model is one of the models that can be employed in model-based clustering, although differing model selection criteria can lead to uncertainty in the model. In this investigation, we created a technique for ensemble distance-based time series data clustering. To express the distance between two series, five distances based on the five model selection criteria are utilized. The average of the five distances reflects the distance of two time series data. According to the simulation results, the ensemble distance method could boost clustering accuracy by more than 11%. Based on the pattern of rainfall levels, we applied our methods to find clusters of locations in the Province of West Java (Indonesia). The findings indicate that the rainfall pattern in the same cluster is similar. The cluster model is effective and feasible for representing individual models in a cluster.

Introduction: Mucopolysaccharidoses are a group of lysosomal storage disorders that include seven types that are classified based on the enzymes that are disrupted. Malfunction of these enzymes leads to the accumulation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) in various tissues. Due to genetic and clinical heterogeneity, diagnosing and distinguishing the different types is challenging. Genetic methods such as whole exome sequencing (WES) and Sanger sequencing are accurate methods for detecting pathogenic variants in patients. Methods: Thirty-two cases of mucopolysaccharidosis, predominantly from families with consanguineous marriages, were genetically examined. Out of these, fourteen cases underwent targeted sequencing, while the rest underwent WES. The results of WES were analyzed and the pathogenicity of the variants was examined using bioinformatics tools. In addition, a segregation analysis within families was carried out.Results: In most cases, a pathogenic or likely pathogenic variant was detected. Sixteen previously reported variants and six new variants were detected in the known IDS (c.458G>C, c.701del, c.920T>G), GNS (c.1430A>T), GALNS (c.1218_1221dup), and SGSH (c.149T>C) genes. Furthermore, we discovered a c.259G>C substitution in the NAGLU gene for the first time in three homozygous patients. This substitution was previously reported as heterozygous. Except for the variants related to the IDS gene, which were hemizygous, all the other variants were homozygous.Discussion: It appears that the high rate of consanguineous marriages in the families being studied has had a significant impact on the occurrence of this disease. Overall, these findings could expand the spectrum of pathogenic variants in mucopolysaccharidoses. Genetic methods, especially WES, are very accurate and can be used alone or in conjunction with other diagnostic methods for a more precise and rapid diagnosis of mucopolysaccharidoses. Additionally, they could be beneficial for family screening and disease prevention.

In the era of big data and ubiquitous internet connectivity, user feedback data plays a crucial role in product development and improvement. However, extracting valuable insights from the vast pool of unstructured text data found in user feedback presents significant challenges. In this paper, we propose an innovative approach to tackle this challenge by combining the Contextualized Topic Model (CTM) and the Masked and Permuted Pre-training for Language Understanding (MPNet) model. Our approach aims to create a more accurate and context-aware topic model that enhances the understanding of user experiences and opinions. To achieve this, we first search for the optimal number of topics, focusing on generating distinguishable, general, and unique topics. Next, we perform hyperparameter optimization to fine-tune the model and maximize coherence metrics. The result is an exceptionally effective model that outperforms established topic modeling methods, including LSI, NMF, LDA, HDP, NeuralLDA, ProdLDA, ETM, and the default CTM, achieving the highest coherence CV score of 0.7091. In this study, the combination of CTM and MPNet has proven highly effective in the context of user feedback topic modeling. This model excels in generating coherent, distinguishable, and highly relevant user feedback topics, capturing the nuanced nature of user feedback data. The topics generated from this model include ‘Music and Audio Streaming,’ ’Application Performance,’ ‘Banking, Financial Services, and Customer Support,’ ’User Experience,’ ‘Other Topics,’ ’Application Content,’ and ‘Application Features.’ Our contributions include a powerful tool for developers to gain deeper insights, prioritize actions, and enhance user satisfaction by incorporating feedback into future product iterations. Furthermore, we introduce a new dataset as an open-source resource for further exploration and validation of user feedback analysis techniques and general natural language processing applications. With our proposed approach, we strive to drive business success, improve user experiences, and inform data-driven decision-making processes, ultimately benefiting both developers and users alike.

The research focused on assessing groundwater quality in Jawharkel, Ghanikhel, Chak, Mandukhel, Dawrankhel, Noorkhel, Baba Qala, Sanikhel, Muhkumkhel, and Rasheeddan villages, and specifically intended to measure groundwater physical and chemical parameters in the mountainous areas of the Chak Karstic Sedimentary Basin in Chak District, Wardak Province, located in Afghanistan’s central part. The analyzed parameters included electric conductivity, pH, turbidity, odor, taste, color, hardness, as well as chloride (Cl2), nitrogen (N), fluoride (F), iron (Fe), arsenic (Ar), ammonia (NH3), and sulfide (SO4) content. All the analyzed chemical and physical parameters were found to be within acceptable limits. The results obtained were compared with the WHO drinking water quality standards. The study revealed that the values of physical parameters such as color, taste, odor and turbidity fell within the acceptable (recommended standard) limits; that the examined samples demonstrated no toxic elements and/or components; and that the analyzed chemical parameters were likewise within the permissible limits recommended by WHO and ANSA. Water quality in the target rural area proved to be better compared to the concerns of its residents and households, and that local water posed no threat to residents’ health and survival. The article emphasizes the importance of properly applying water quality indicators previously not adequately explored in the target area.

The lungs are two of the most crucial organs in the human body because they are connected to the respiratory and circulatory systems. Lung cancer, COVID-19, pneumonia, and other severe diseases are just a few of the many threats. The patient is subjected to an X-ray examination to evaluate the health of their lungs. A radiologist must interpret the X-ray results. The rapid advancement of technology today can help people in many different ways. One use of deep learning in the health industry is in the detection of diseases, which can decrease the amount of money, time, and energy needed while increasing effectiveness and efficiency. There are other methods that can be used, but in this research, the convolutional neural network (CNN) method is only used with three architectures, namely ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and ResNet-152, to aid radiologists in identifying lung diseases in patients. The 21,885 images that make up the dataset for this study are split into four groups: COVID-19, pneumonia, lung opacity, and normal. The three algorithms have fairly high evaluation scores per the experiment results. F1 scores of 91%, 93%, and 94% are assigned to the ResNet-50, ResNet-101, and ResNet-152 architectures, respectively. Therefore, it is advised to use the ResNet-152 architecture, which has better performance values than the other two designs in this study, to categorize lung diseases experienced by patients.

Background: This study aimed to investigate the risk factors and status of fast-food consumption among students in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted from March to November 2020. A total of 654 samples were collected from several schools, colleges, and universities during this study period. Results: About 60.1% and 39.9% of the students were male and female, respectively. Of the students, 53.1% considered fast food as unhealthy (p < 0.001), but only 47.7% were leading a sedentary lifestyle. A significant outcome of overweight and pre-obesity was observed for student institutions, consumption frequency, daily fast-food consumption, and sedentary lifestyle (p < 0.001). In addition, positive association was observed for fast-food consumption more than three times and less than three times per week (OR and 95% CI: 11.13 [7.52–16.47], p < 0.001), higher social class and lower class (OR and 95% CI: 2.18 [1.31–3.62], p = 0.003), fast food preference and other foods (OR and 95% CI: 1.55 [1.11–2.15], p = 0.009), and sedentary and heavily active lifestyle (OR and 95% CI: 5.71 [2.02–16.10], p = 0.001) using logistic regression. Conclusions: Overweight and obesity are serious public health concerns, which are highly associated with fast-food consumption along with lifestyle, economy, and fast-food preference among students in Dhaka City, Bangladesh.

Abstract Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug, is frequently prescribed to patients diagnosed with ischemic diseases such as those suffering from acute coronary syndromes or ischemic stroke. Despite the drug being effective in majority of the patients, some still experience ischemic events early in the treatment which might be due to poor platelet inhibition. This study aims to investigate the association of cytochrome P450 2C19 (CYP2C19) loss-of-function polymorphisms, haplotypes as well as a wide range of clinical and demographic variables with platelet aggregation phenotypes to clopidogrel in a Pakistani cohort. The study comprised of a total of 120 patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and were treated with clopidogrel. Antiplatelet response to clopidogrel was monitored by Helena AggRAM (HL-2-1785P) and patients with maximal platelet aggregation more than 50% were categorized as low responders and those with less than 50% as high responders. Our results show that 56.6% of patients were homozygous for the CYP2C19 wild-type allele, 38.3% of patients possessed one copy of the CYP2C19*2 allele and 5% of patients possessed both CYP2C19*2 alleles. No CYP2C19*3 allele was found in our patient cohort. There was no statistically significant difference between the high and low responder groups to clopidogrel in terms of extensive, intermediate and poor metabolizer genotypes. However, haplotype (H1), leukocyte count, random blood glucose, and history of diabetes mellitus was associated with the antiplatelet response to clopidogrel. The prevalence of clopidogrel resistance in our population was in line with that reported for other regional and global populations.

Introduction Tourism and religion have always been inextricably linked, with religion as one of the most common travel motives. One of the oldest forms of travel in the world, the religiously motivated travel is currently considered an emerging part of the tourism industry. Although tourism has become popular in religious places around the world, there are few studies on the mental patterns of the tourists experiencing the religious travel. Given the fact that tourists usually tend to interpret what they experience at the destination and pass it on to others, it is important to devote serious attention to the tourist experiences. Materials and Methods As an applied and descriptive research, this study was conducted to identify the mental patterns of the tourists visiting the religious tourism destinations in Mashhad. Q-methodology was used to identify the mental patterns in the statistical population of the tourists who had the experience of traveling to the holy city of Mashhad at least once. Relying on the purposeful sampling method, the study selected 25 participants for data collection. The data was analyzed by Q factor analysis with SPSS 22.0 Software. Results and Discussion The analysis resulted in a typology which consists of seven mental patterns concerning the meaning of religious tourism. They are: 1) spiritualists, 2) pacifists, 3) affiliationists, 4) liberationists, 5) seekers, 6) subjectivists, and 7) empiricists. For spiritualists, getting closer to God and realizing spirituality were found to be the most important motivations to travel to religious destinations. Seeking to get rid of daily life’s grind and pressures, pacifists hope that religious trips will help them attain the peace that does not exist in the normal life. The priority given to the religious tourism by pacifists is understood given the fact relaxation is an important dimension of religious tourism. Affiliationists, or those who seek a sense of belonging, were found to be interested in communicating everywhere, often traveling with friends and family—and religious tourism is no exception. These tourists do not get upset by the crowds or the long queues to see and receive something. However, the overcrowding is desirable as long as it does not distract them from the main issue of pilgrimage or tourism in religious areas. Liberationists are similar to pacifists, except that they prefer to avoid stress by engaging in things other than religious pursuits. Therefore, liberationists certainly have no religious motive. Motivated by their religious journey, seekers search for real knowledge and information about topics and things they already know. Subjectivists look for everything, be it peace, get-togethers, or communication. Therefore, they will probably need more time to achieve all their goals in the tourist destination. Finally, empiricists were found to be looking for new tourist experiences, or anything that brings them an enjoyable experience. Conclusion The study went on to interpret the identified mental patterns. Spiritualists searching for closeness to God and pacifists in search of avoiding the stress of daily life were the most frequent mental patterns observed among the tourists with the experience of religious tourism. Moreover, it was found that the number of empiricists, who are looking for engaging experiences in tourist destinations, is also growing. The innovation of this research lies in its attempt at the classification of tourists and the religious tourism market based on mental patterns, which can be used to develop tourism programs. The mental patterns identified in this study can be used as the basis for the development of religious tourism and the formulation of strategies for marketing religious tourism. Concerning the needs of religious tourism places, advertising is of utmost importance as it plays an essential role in getting tourists to choose religious tourism. The analysis and findings of the research are limited to the mental patterns of the participants and the creation of the Q category. It is suggested that future research use in-depth interviews to achieve a more accurate understanding of the topic. The descriptive and survey research design can also be fruitful to investigate the identified patterns. Another direction for future research is to use Q-methodology for other types of religious tourism.

Abstract We studied the alpha-globin gene genotypes, hematologic values, and transfusion-dependence of patients with Hb H disease. Molecular characterization of alpha-thalassemia was performed. We identified 120 patients with Hb H disease. Of these patients, 35 (29.16%) had deletional form of Hb H disease, and 85 (70.83%) had different form of non-deletional Hb H disease. The most frequently observed Hb H genotypes were --Med/–α3.7 in 33 patients (27.5%), αCD19(-G) α/αCD19(-G) α in 25 cases (20.83%), αpolyA2α/αpolyA2α in 15 (12.5%), and αpolyA1α/αpolyA1α in 13 (10.83%) respectively. The probability of receiving at least one transfusion blood in deletional form was observed in 3 of 35 (8.57%) patients which just seen in 3 of 33 (9%) patients with --Med/–α3.7 genotype. This form was also observed in 8 of 85 (9.4%) patients in non-deletional Hb H diseases which five of them had Med deletion in compound with alpha globin point mutations. Nondeletional Hb H disease was more severe than deletional Hb H disease requiring more blood transfusions. We can recommend that Med deletion in compound with alpha-globin point mutations, polyA1 and constant spring in homozygous form needs to be taken into consideration when offering counseling to high-risk couples.

Accurate lung segmentation plays a vital role in generating 3D projections of lung infections, which contribute to the diagnosis and treatment planning of various lung diseases, including cases like COVID-19. This study capitalizes on the capabilities of deep learning techniques to reconstruct 3D lung projections from CT-scans. In this pursuit, we employ well-established 2D architectural frameworks like UNet, LinkNet, Attention UNet, UNet 3+, and TransUNet. The dataset used comprises 20 3D CT-scans from COVID-19 patients, resulting in over 2900 raw 2D slices. Following preprocessing, the dataset is refined to encompass 2560 2D slices tailored for modeling. Preprocessing procedures involve mask refinement, image resizing, contrast limited adaptive histogram equalization (CLAHE), and image augmentation to enhance the data quality and diversity. Evaluation metrics, including Intersection over Union (IoU) and dice scores, are used to assess the models’ performance. Among the models tested, Attention UNet stands out, demonstrating the highest performance. Its key trait of harnessing attention mechanisms enhances its ability to focus on crucial features. This translates to exceptional results, with an IoU score of 85.36% and dice score of 91.49%. These findings provide valuable insights into guiding the selection of an appropriate architecture tailored to specific requirements, considering factors such as segmentation accuracy and computational resources, in the context of 3D lung projection reconstruction.

Abstract Background The mutations in the ATRX gene have been shown to cause two types of disorders: inherited mutations lead to alpha thalassemia X-linked mental retardation (ATR-X) syndrome and acquired somatic mutations cause alpha thalassemia myelodysplastic syndrome (ATMDS). Here we report a case of ATRX gene mutation without completely features of ATR-X or ATMDS syndromes. Moreover we review previous reports of ATRX gene mutations in both ATR-X syndrome and ATMDS. Methods After sample collection and DNA extraction, whole exome sequencing was performed using Illumina HiSeq PE150 apparatus. The results were confirmed using Sanger sequencing for the patients and his relatives. Literature review was performed based on the published data in Web of science, Science direct, Springer link and Pubmed databases. Results We identified a hemizygous missense ATRX gene mutation (ATRX, c.2388A > C, p. K796N) as a new disease-causing variant in the patient, heterozygous situation for his mother and his father was hemizygous for wild type allele. The literatures of patients were reviewed regarding the ATR-X syndrome. Conclusions According to previous findings, inherited ATRX mutations are associated with a broad spectrum of clinical presentations. Therefore a person with a mild α-thalassemia phenotype may also has mutation in ATRX gene. Accordingly, it is critical for geneticist and physicians to increase awareness in molecular diagnosis of α-thalassemia patients.

Abstract Background Congenital disorder of glycosylation (CDG) and Glycogen storage diseases (GSDs) are inborn metabolic disorders caused by defects in some metabolic pathways. These disorders are a heterogeneous group of diseases caused by impaired O‐ as well as N‐glycosylation pathways. CDG patients show a broad spectrum of clinical presentations; many GSD types (PGM1‐CDG) have muscle involvement and hypoglycemia. Methods We applied WES for all seven patients presenting GSD and CDG symptoms. Then we analyzed the data using various tools to predict pathogenic variants in genes related to the patients' diseases. Results In the present study, we identified pathogenic variants in Iranian patients suffering from GSD and CDG, which can be helpful for patient management, and family counseling. We detected seven pathogenic variants using whole exome sequencing (WES) in known AGL (c.1998A>G, c.3635T>C, c.3682C>T), PGM1 (c.779G>A), DPM1 (c.742T>C), RFT1 (c.127A>G), and GAA (c.1314C>A) genes. Conclusion The suspected clinical diagnosis of CDG and GSD patients was confirmed by identifying missense and or nonsense mutations in PGM1, DPM1, RFT1, GAA, and AGL genes by WES of all 7 cases. This study helps us understand the scenario of the disorder causes and consider the variants for quick disease diagnosis.

Background: With its rapid spread, the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had a detrimental effect on students’ psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes due to indefinite educational leaves, lockdowns, restricted outdoor activities, and excess use of social media. This study aims to assess the relationship of social media exposure with the psychological well-being, depression, and behavioral changes of Bangladeshi university students. Methods: A web-based cross-sectional survey was carried out on 530 students from June 17 to July 10, 2020, to evaluate psychological well-being, depression, behavioral changes, and social media exposure via self-reported measures. Results: The prevalence of factors were as follows: poor psychological well-being was 24.9%; moderate to severe depression was 56.6%; severe behavioral changes was 32.1%; and of moderate to severe addiction to social media exposure was 38.3%. All factors were positively associated with social media exposure. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the addiction of participants to social media was 7.488 times higher with severe behavioral changes (OR: 7.488; 95% CI 4.708–11.909), 2.299 times higher with poor psychological functioning (OR: 2.299; 95% CI 1.421–3.721), 30.54 times higher with severe depressed (OR: 30.54; 95% CI 15.0–62.177) than that of individuals without such symptoms. Conclusions: The above findings imply that the government needs to pay greater attention to improve the overall situation of Bangladeshi university students.

Abstract The genotype and phenotype correlation between coinheritance of heterozygous beta‐thalassemia with the alpha‐globin triplication is unclear. In this study we have investigated and reviewed alpha triplication frequency in beta‐thalassemia carriers, sickle cell trait, and healthy individuals and its effect on hematological and phenotypical changes. In this study, 4005 beta‐thalassemia carriers, 455 sickle cell trait, and 2000 healthy individuals were included. Molecular characterization of beta and alpha‐thalassemia was performed. The frequencies of alpha‐globin triplication in beta‐thalassemia carriers, sickle cell trait, and healthy individuals were 67 (1.67%), 4 (0.88%), and 18 (0.9%), respectively. In total, the frequency of alpha‐triplications is approximately 89 (1.39%) in Khuzestan province, South of Iran population. We have compared the average hematological parameters of beta‐thalassemia carriers, sickle cell trait, and healthy individuals with and without alpha gene triplication. This mutation did not show any significant effect on the change of blood indices, neither in healthy individuals nor in sickle cell trait and beta‐thalassemia carriers. Therefore, there is no need to take more notice of anti 3.7 mutation in beta‐thalassemia carriers is opposed with some studies reported that the presence of excess alpha‐globin genes in beta‐thalassemia carriers can lead to the phenotype of beta‐thalassemia intermedia. Therefore, not every individual with triplicated alpha globin coinherited with beta‐thalassemia trait will have a significantly lower Hb than normal, and it is highly likely that none of them will need transfusion.

Introduction: Among the factors that may be associated with the re-expression gamma-globin in adults is the methylation pattern of the promoter region. The study aimed to determine the association between promoter methylation pattern of the gamma-globin gene in the carriers and affected beta-thalassemia individuals and its expression levels. Methods: This study has been done as a case control- study. After taking blood samples from 30 patients and beta-thalassemia carriers and affected patients with fetal hemoglobin elevated as well as 30 normal individuals, genomic DNA was extracted. Six CpG sites of the promoter region and exon1 of the gamma-globin gene were analyzed by the bisulfite sequencing analysis method. Statistical analysis was carried out using a t-test. The values of p ≤ 0.05 were considered significant for comparing two studied groups. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16 software. Results: In this study, hypomethylation of the gamma-globin promoter region in the patients and carriers compared to showed a significant differences in three CpG sites +6, -53 and -162, respectively (p

The main aim of this paper is to analyze the characteristics of the drinking water quality in Kabul city and identify its suitability for drinking. During the work, a total of 60 water samples were collected from four drinking water sources (qanat, open well, tap water, and a hand pump) located at different points and were tested for physical, chemical, and biological parameters. Physical and chemical analyses were performed according to the standard methods, while a bacterial analysis was performed by using the Wagtech Potatest single incubator test kit and membrane filter method. The results obtained were compared with the standards of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Afghanistan’s National Standards Administration (ANSA). The study showed that physical parameters were within acceptable limits for qanat, open well, and tap waters. However, color, taste, odor, and turbidity values exceeded the recommended limits for hand pump wells. All analyzed chemical parameters were within permissible limits recommended by WHO/ANSA. The bacteriological analysis showed total coliform and fecal coliform contamination, particularly in warm weather conditions. The bacteriological contamination reveals the mixing of the sewage water with drinking water due to expired corroded pipes and discharge of wastewater to the groundwater. Several governance recommendations are proposed for improving water quality. They include strengthening coordination between government and public, considering options to install a new water distribution and sewage collection networks, enforcing standards for adequately preventing contamination from septic tanks, and increasing public awareness on low-cost measures such as boiling the drinking water before intake.

Introduction: Cardiac surgery is associated with pulmonary dysfunction and complications such as prolonged intubation and reintubation. Bilevel positive airway pressure (BiPAP) machine has been used in the clinical settings to improve oxygenation, reduce work of breathing, and avoid reintubation. The effect of BiPAP on cardiovascular parameters is not well established, and very few studies have targeted hemodynamic changes. The aim of the study was to assess the immediate effect of BiPAP on respiratory and hemodynamic parameters in post-cardiac surgery patients. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was done on 33 adult cardiac surgery patients. Ethical review committee approval was sought and consent was taken. All patients who were in respiratory distress with respiratory rate of >30/min and/or PaO2:FiO2 ratio of

COVID-19 is the disease that has spread over the world since December 2019. This disease has a negative impact on individuals, governments, and even the global economy, which has caused the WHO to declare COVID-19 as a PHEIC (Public Health Emergency of International Concern). Until now, there has been no medicine that can completely cure COVID-19. Therefore, to prevent the spread and reduce the negative impact of COVID-19, an accurate and fast test is needed. The use of chest radiography imaging technology, such as CXR and CT-scan, plays a significant role in the diagnosis of COVID-19. In this study, CT-scan segmentation will be carried out using the 3D version of the most recommended segmentation algorithm for bio-medical images, namely 3D UNet, and three other architectures from the 3D UNet modifications, namely 3D ResUNet, 3D VGGUNet, and 3D DenseUNet. These four architectures will be used in two cases of segmentation: binary-class segmentation, where each architecture will segment the lung area from a CT scan; and multi-class segmentation, where each architecture will segment the lung and infection area from a CT scan. Before entering the model, the dataset is preprocessed first by applying a minmax scaler to scale the pixel value to a range of zero to one, and the CLAHE method is also applied to eliminate intensity in homogeneity and noise from the data. Of the four models tested in this study, surprisingly, the original 3D UNet produced the most satisfactory results compared to the other three architectures, although it requires more iterations to obtain the maximum results. For the binary-class segmentation case, 3D UNet produced IoU scores, Dice scores, and accuracy of 94.32%, 97.05%, and 99.37%, respectively. For the case of multi-class segmentation, 3D UNet produced IoU scores, Dice scores, and accuracy of 81.58%, 88.61%, and 98.78%, respectively. The use of 3D segmentation architecture will be very helpful for medical personnel because, apart from helping the process of diagnosing someone with COVID-19, they can also find out the severity of the disease through 3D infection projections.

Objective: To compare efficacy of intravenous paracetamol and fentanyl for intra-operative and post-operative analgesia in patients undergoing for diagnostic and therapeutic rigid hysteroscopy. Methods: Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial was conducted at Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from October 2016 to June 2017. Study instituted after ethical review committee approval and patient has ASA-I, II, aged 18-65 years, consented for hysteroscopy. Anesthesia induction technique was standardized and analgesia in group-P, paracetamol 15 mg/Kg administered 15-30 minutes before surgery and in group-F, fentanyl 2 mcg/kg administered at induction of anesthesia. Intraoperative pain was assessed by changes in heart rate, systolic, diastolic and mean arterial blood pressure and postoperative pain was assessed by visual analogue scale. SPSS 19 was used for data analysis. Results: Sixty patients scheduled for hysteroscopy were allocated into two groups. Patient’s ASA status and demographics were found relatively similar in both groups except for age differences (p< 0.011). In paracetamol group, mean SBP at 10,15, 20, 25 and 30 minutes and mean DBP at 20, 25 minutes & Mean arterial blood pressure at 20 minutes were statistically significant (p0.05) among the groups. Although, the rescue analgesia was needed in 3 patients on arrival in recovery room in each group. Conclusion: Intravenous paracetamol offers similar analgesic efficacy to fentanyl for rigid hysteroscopy in ambulatory surgery. However, Continuous...

Background Some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cytochrome P450 (CYP)2B6 gene lead to decreased enzyme activity and have an impact on drug metabolism. The present study was designed to investigate the patterns of genetic distinction across a hypervariable region of the CYP2B6 gene, known to contain important SNPs, i.e. rs4803419 and rs3745274, among five major ethnic groups of the Pakistani population. Methods Arlequin v3.5.DnaSPv6.12. and network 5 resources were used to analyze population genetic variance in the partial CYP2B6 gene sequences obtained from 104 human samples belonging to Punjabi, Pathan, Sindhi, Seraiki and Baloch ethnicities of Pakistan. The partial CYP2B6 gene region analyzed in the current study is previously known to possess important SNPs. Results The data analyses revealed that genetic variance among samples mainly came from differentiation within the ethnic groups. However, significant genetic variation was also found among the various ethnic groups. The high pairwise Fst genetic distinction was observed between Seraiki and Sindhi ethnic groups (Fst = 0.13392, P-value = 0.026) as well as between Seraiki and Balochi groups (Fst = 0.04303, P-value = −0.0030). However, the degree of genetic distinction was low between Pathan and Punjabi ethnic groups. Some SNPs, including rs3745274 and rs4803419, which are previously shown in strong association with increased plasma Efavirenz level, were found in high frequency. Besides, a novel SNP, which was not found in dbSNP and Ensemble databases, was identified in the Balochi ethnicity. This novel SNP is predicted to affect the CYP2B6 splicing pattern. Conclusion These results may have significant implications in Pakistani ethnicities in the context of drugs metabolized by CYP2B6, especially in Seraiki and Balochi ethnicity. The novel heterogeneous SNP, found in the present study, might lead to altered drug-metabolizing potential of CYP2B6 and, therefore, may be implicated in non-responder phenomenon.

Objective: High ambient temperature in poultry is a challenging and fatal stress among environmental factors. It affects the production quality, damages the liver, and increases mortality in broilers. The present study is focused to explore appropriate utilization of Selenium (Se) as a feed additive in broiler chickens against high temperature. Materials and Methods: Day-old male broiler chickens (Ross 308) (n = 200) were grouped according to the supplements used in their basal diets such as: corn-soybean basal diet as control (Con), a basal diet containing sodium selenite, basal diet with probiotics, and a basal diet containing selenium-enriched probiotics (SP). At the end of the experimental period of 42 days, the liver was isolated and was used to determine the antioxidant capacity through a spectrophotometer. Inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines production in the liver was measured through a real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: Hepatic analyses revealed the decreased level of malondialdehyde, whereas glutathione, glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and superoxide dismutase levels were increased in the SP group. Furthermore, supplementation of SP significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), GPx4, IL6, and IL10 and down-regulated the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Conclusion: It is thus concluded that SP as a potential nutritive supplement may facilitate hepatic protection by suppressing hepatic oxidation, inflammation, and necrosis during the high ambient temperature of summer. [J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6(3.000): 355-361]

Abstract Background The lymphohematopoietic cells originating from feto-maternal trafficking during pregnancy may cause microchimerism and lead to materno-fetal graft versus host disease (GVHD) in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) patients. However, definitive diagnosis between GVHD and Omenn’s syndrome is often difficult based on clinical and immunological phenotypes particularly in the patients with hypomorphic mutations. Case presentation A 3-year-old girl with a history of erythroderma and immunodeficiency was studied. The whole exome sequencing method was used to find the disease-causing variants, and T-A cloning and Quantitative Florescence Polymerase Chain Reaction (QF-PCR) methods were utilized to detect the presence of mosaicism or microchimerism. We identified a homozygous missense Janus Kinase 3 mutation (JAK3, c.2324G>A, p.R775H) as a new disease-causing variant in the patient, and the presence of microchimerism with maternal origin was proven as an underlying cause of her clinical presentation. Conclusion The findings highlighted the importance of appropriate diagnostic approach in GVHD cases with hypomorphic JAK3 mutations. When analyzing the results of the next generation sequencing, the possibility of microchimerism should be considered based on the context of the disease.

Abstract Objective: To observe and assess different anaesthesia related quality indicators during adult cardiac surgery. Study design: Clinical audit report. Place and duration of study: The aga khan university hospital karachi, Pakistan, from October 2016 to March 2017. Methodology: Data were collected prospectively from all 264 patients scheduled for cardiac surgery and observe different indicators in pre-induction, pre cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) period, on CPB, post CPB period and transfer from operating room to cardiac intensive care unit. Results: Total 217 patients included in the study, our compliance of documentation was found to be 82.19%. In pre-induction phase, difficult intravenous and invasive line access in 42 patients (19.3%). Inadvertent Carotid puncture occurred in 7 patients (3.2%) during central venous access. Cardiac arrhythmias were found in 19 patients (8.8%). Inappropriate information in preoperative form found in 6 patients (2.8%). Drug reactions (only rashes) were noted in 4 patients (1.8%). Preoperative drugs for anxiolysis used in 145 patients (66.8%). Ramsey sedation score-2 was found in majority of our patients 100(69%), while Ramsey score-3 was documented only in 22 patients (15.2%). Haemodynamic instability (32 patients) and difficult intubation (17 patients) were main pre-bypass indicators. Haemodynamic issues were again significant in CPB period 15(6.9%). CPB difficulties were seen in 8 (3.6%) patients, which includes unplanned use of inotropic support, prolonged CPB wean off procedure, insertion of IABP post CPB and more than one attempt at CPB weaning included. In post CPB period abnormal ACT was found in 17 patients (7.8%), while haemodynamic instability Continuous...

Introduction: Mercury, in different form can induce adverse effects on various organs especially central nervous system. The aim of this study was to determine concentration of mercury in inhalation and urine of the exposed worker and to investigate the prevalence of probable neurobehavioral disorders. Material and Method: The present case-control study was conducted among workers of a unit in a petroleum industry. The study population consisted of 52 workers as case and 63 workers as control groups. The mercury concentration in air and urine was measured according to NIOSH 6009 standard and using the cold vapor atomic absorption spectrophotometer (CV-AAS). Demographic data and neurobehavioral disorders were collected using a self-reported questionnaire. Pearson correlation coefficient, multiple regression tests and SPSS v24 were used to analyze the data. Result: Air concentration of mercury was 0.062 ± 0.0014 mg/m3 which was higher than the recommended threshold by NIOSH and ACGIH. In addition, there was a significant difference between urinary concentration of mercury in the case (37.73 ± 13.01 µg/g cratinine) and control (5.93 ± 4.76 µg/g cratinine) groups (p=0.03 6). Based on the multivariate logistic regression model, significant relationships were found between memory loss, sleep disturbance, and urine mercurial concentrations and, between memory loss, moody, muscle weakness and air mercurial concentration. Conclusion: The values of Hg in blood and urine workers who worked in investigated unit were significantly higher than recommended threshold values. In addition, the Hg concentration in urine was related to some of neurobehavioral disorders.

Background: Matrix metalloproteinases-2 and -9 play important roles in the development of breast cancer by hydrolyzing the extracellular matrix. Since −1306C/T and −1562C/T polymorphisms are located at the promoter regions of the matrix metalloproteinase- 2 and -9 genes, respectively, C to T substitution may affect promoter activity and impact the rate of extracellular matrix degradation and cancerous cell proliferation. Therefore, we aimed to determine the genotype and allele frequencies of these polymorphisms in Iranian healthy women and women with breast cancer. We have also examined the correlation of genotypes with clinicopathological parameters such as tumor type, tumor size, and metastasis to lymph nodes. Methods: This case-control study enrolled 200 women with breast cancer and 200 age-matched healthy women. DNA was extracted, and we determined the genotype and allele frequencies of −1306C/T matrix metalloproteinase-2 and −1562C/T matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphisms by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. Additionally, tumor size (20 mm), tumor type (ductal/non-ductal), and metastasis (yes/no) were determined. Results: Genotype and allele frequencies of the −1306C/T matrix metalloproteinase- 2 polymorphism showed no significant association with the occurrence of breast cancer. Genotype and allele distribution differed in the −1562C/T matrix metalloproteinase- 9 polymorphism and indicated a 4.83-fold increase in the risk of breast cancer for T allele carriers. There was no likelihood of any interaction found between the two polymorphisms and susceptibility to breast cancer. In addition, the −1562C/T matrix metalloproteinase-9 T allele showed an association with metastasis to lymph nodes but we observed no association between the −1306C/T matrix metalloproteinase- 2 polymorphism and clinicopathological features. Conclusion: The ‒1562C/T matrix metalloproteinase-9 polymorphism is involved in the pathogenesis of breast cancer in Iranian women. The T allele may increase the risk of disease.

This paper deals with what is commonly known as an Indonesian Islam, its characters and challenges. It defines Indonesian Islam as that which is understood and practiced in Indonesia. The paper argues that, a particular context would determine the way Islam is being interpreted and then expressed. In this way, Indonesian Islam is different from its Arabic, Persian or Turkish counterparts. The paper also tries to show that Indonesian Islam transcends the social and cultural constructs of the Arab society in which it first emerged. To understand the way Islam is expressed here is therefore to get rid of those Arab socio-cultural limitations. Being unique however, Indonesian Islam is still related to what happens at the global scale. Hence, the challenges it faces are the same challenges faced by its counterparts. This paper tries to analyze those challenges and how Indonesian Islam deals with them. Basically, it argues that in dealing with those challenges posed particularly by the forces of modernity, Indonesian Islam undertakes two forms of strategy; 1) it tries to cultivate religious and moral values through education, and 2) it tries to develop its own religious discourses in line with its local culture. The first may be termed axiological while the second epistemological. The Nahdhadul Ulama (NU) movement may be treated as representing the first, while the so-called liberal thinkers represent the second.

Abstract Background Glutathione S‐transferases (GSTs) polymorphisms may impact on chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) risk or heterogeneous responses to Imatinib mesylate (IM). The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between GSTs polymorphisms and CML risk, treatment response. Methods We genotyped GSTM1, GSTT1 null deletion polymorphisms, and GSTP1 Ile105Val polymorphism by PCR methods and BCR‐ABL transcripts were analyzed by qRT‐PCR in 104 CML patients and 104 sex‐ and age‐matched healthy individuals. Results Individual analysis showed significant association of GSTM1 (p = 0.008; OR = 0.46; 95% CI: 0.26–0.82) and GSTP1 genes (p = 0.04; OR = 1.56; 95% CI: 1.016–2.423) with CML risk. The combined analysis indicated that GSTM1 null/GSTT1 present, GSTM1‐null/GSTP1M*(AG/GG) as well as GSTT1 present/ GSTP1M* genotype were associated with CML risk (ORg(‐):2.28; 95% CI: 1.29–4.04; ORgg: 2.85; 95% CI: 1.36–5.97; OR(‐)g: 1.75; 95% CI: 0.99–3.06, respectively). The proportion of CML cancer attributable to the interaction of smoking and GSTM1 null, GSTT1null, and GSTP1 M* was 42%, 39%, and 13%, respectively. Patients with GSTM1‐null and GSTP1 AG/GG genotype had significantly a lower rate of MMR achievement (p = 0.00; p = 0.009 respectively). Event‐free survival (EFS) percentage was similar between GSTM1 null and GSTM1 present patients (p = 0.21). Conclusion Our study suggests the influence of GSTM1 and GSTP1 polymorphisms on CML risk and treatment response. The interaction between GSTs polymorphisms and smoking plays a significant role on CML susceptibility.

Abstract Background Transcriptome profiling in individuals affected with β‐thalassemia, especially in individuals who carry novel mutations in the HBB, may improve our understanding of the heterogeneity and molecular mechanisms of the disease. Methods Members of a family with a daughter affected with thalassemia intermedia, although her mother was not clinically affected, were examined. We also characterized genome‐wide gene expression in the family using real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and high‐throughput RNA‐sequencing mRNA expression profiling of blood. Results We described the downregulation of the β‐globin gene in β‐thalassemia by RNA‐sequencing analysis using a sample from an affected individual and her mother, who have a novel mutation in the HBB that creates a cryptic donor splice site. The daughter has a typical β‐thalassemia allele as well, and an unexpectedly severe phenotype. The differentially expressed genes are enriched in pathways that are directly or indirectly related to β‐thalassemia such as hemopoiesis, heme biosynthesis, response to oxidative stress, inflammatory responses, immune responses, control of circadian rhythm, apoptosis, and other cellular activities. Conclusion We compare our findings with published results of RNA‐sequencing analysis of sickle cell disease and erythroblasts from a KLF1‐null neonate with hydrops fetalis, and recognize similarities and differences in their transcriptional expression patterns.

Background and Aims: Profound hemodynamic alterations due to stress and pain during endotracheal intubation may cause deleterious effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of intravenous (IV) paracetamol on hemodynamic changes due to endotracheal intubation during cesarean section under general anesthesia. Material and Methods: Random allocation of one hundred and ten patients in two groups (Group A - placebo and Group B - paracetamol), was achieved as per computer generated table. The placebo (normal saline) and paracetamol solutions looked identical as both were available in 100 ml piggy bags and were labeled as study drug. Infusion of the drug was given 1 h before surgery. Two baseline readings of heart rate, systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP and mean BP were recorded before induction, and these readings were repeated during intubation. Detrimental effect on neonate was evaluated by Apgar score measured at 1 and 5 min after birth. Results: There were no significant demographic differences found between the two groups. Hemodyamic changes during intubation also did not differ between the two groups. Conclusion: Administration of IV paracetamol 1 h before cesarean section has no significant effect in preventing hemodynamic changes at the time of endotracheal intubation.

Background: Various blood diseases are caused by mutations in the FANCA, FANCC, and ITGA2B genes. Exome sequencing is a suitable method for identifying single-gene disease and genetic heterogeneity complaints. Methods: Among families who were referred to Narges Genetic and PND Laboratory in 2015-2017, five families with a history of blood diseases were analyzed using the whole exome sequencing (WES) method. Results: We detected two novel mutations (c.190-2A>G and c.2840C>G) in the FANCA gene, c. 1429dupA mutation in the FANCC gene, and c.1392A>G mutation in the ITGA2B gene. The prediction of variant pathogenicity has been done using bioinformatics tools such as Mutation taster PhD-SNP and polyphen2 and were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Conclusions: WES could be as a precise tool for identifying the pathologic variants in affected patient and heterozygous carriers among families. This highly successful technique will remain at the forefront of platelet and blood genomic research.

Fast-track extubation is an established safe practice in pediatric congenital heart disease (CHD) surgical patients. On table extubation (OTE) in acyanotic CHD surgical patients is well established with validated safety profile. This practice is not yet reported in tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) cardiac surgical repair patients in developing countries. Evidence suggests that TOF total correction patients should be extubated early, as positive pressure ventilation has a negative impact on right ventricular function and the overall increase in post-TOF repair complications such as low cardiac output state and arrhythmias. The objective of the case series was to determine the safety and feasibility of OTE in elective TOF total correction cardiac surgical patients with an integrated team approach. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case series. A total of 8 elective male and female TOF patients were included. Standard anesthetic, surgical and perfusion techniques were used in these procedures. All patients were extubated in the operating room safely without any complications with the exception of one patient who continued to bleed for 3 h of postextubation at 2-3 ml/kg/h which was managed with transfusion of fresh frozen plasma at 15 mL/kg, packed red blood cells 10 mL/kg and bolus of transamine at 20 mg/kg. Apart from better surgical and bypass techniques, the most important factor leading to successful OTE was an excellent analgesia. On the basis of the case series, it is suggested to extubate selected TOF cardiac surgery repair patients on table safely with integrated multidisciplinary approach.

Background and Aims: Incident reporting is a reliable and inexpensive tool used in anaesthesia to identify errors in patient management. A hospital incident reporting system was already present in our hospital, but we were unable to find any incident related to acute pain management. Hence, acute pain service (APS) was started for voluntary incident reporting in post-operative patients to identify critical incidents, review the root cause and suggest remedial measures. Methods: All post-operative patients managed by APS were included in this observational study. A proforma was developed by APS, which included information about the type of incident (equipment and patient-related, human errors), severity of incident, person responsible and suggestions to prevent the same incident in the future. Patients and medical staff were informed about the reporting system. Whenever an incident was identified, a proforma was filled out by APS resident and data entered in SPSS programme. Results: Total of 98 (1.80%) incidents were reported in 5432 patients managed by APS during 3 years period. Average age of the patients was 46 ± 17 years. Majority of incidents were related to epidural care (71%) and occurred in surgical wards (87%). Most of the incidents occurred due to human error and infusion delivery set-related defects. Conclusion: Incident reporting proved to be a feasible method of improving quality care in developing countries. It not only provides valuable information about areas which needed improvement, but also helped in developing strategies to improve care. Knowledge and attitudes of medical and paramedical staff are identified as the targeted area for improvement.

Objective: Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in Iranian women. Breast tumors are classified based on the estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) expression status into ER negative and ER positive tumors. ER negative tumors tend to have worse prognosis and less likely to respond to endocrine therapy. Aberrant methylation of gene promoter is one of the mechanisms for gene silencing in breast tumors. Because of its reversible nature, promoter methylation is a good target for new therapeutic strategies. We aimed to evaluate the frequency of this epigenetic event in ERα gene and its association to clinicopathological features in Iranian breast cancer patients.Materials and Methods: In this case control study the patient series consisted of 100 sporadic primary breast cancer cases (51 ER negative and 49 ER positive tumors). None of the participants had chemo or radiotherapy before surgery. In breast tumors ERα promoter methylation were assessed with methylation specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP). Data was collected on clinicopathological features of the patients. Correlation between ERα methylation and clinicopathological characteristics of the patients was investigated by Pearson Chi-Square and Fisher’s exact test.Results: ERα methylation was detected in 98% of ER negative and 65% of ER positive breast tumors. A strong correlation was found between ERα methylation and ER negativity in tumors (p

Objective: To determine the frequency of DYT1 mutation in Iranian patients affected withprimary dystonia.Materials and Methods: In this study, we investigated 60 patients with primary dystoniawho referred to the Tehran Medical Genetics Laboratory (TMGL) to determine thedeletional mutation of 904-906 del GAG in the DYT1 gene. DNA extracted from patients’peripheral blood was subjected to PCR-sequencing for exon 5 of the DYT1 gene. The collectionof samples was based on random sampling.Results: The deletional mutation of 904-906 del GAG in the DYT1 gene (15099 to 15101based on reference sequence: NG_008049.1) was identified in 11 patients (18.33%). Theaverage age of affected patients with this mutation was 13.64 ± 7.4 years.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the DYT1 deletional mutation of 904-906 del GAGhas a high frequency in Iranian patients in comparison with other non-Jewish populations.Therefore, this particular mutation may be the main representative of pathogenic DYT1gene for a large proportion of Iranian patients with primary dystonia.

Objective: To study the possible association between high levels of fetal haemoglobin(HbF) in β-thalassemia intermedia patients and HS-111 and 3`HS1 sequence variations.Materials and Methods: In this study, the 3' HS-1 and HS-111 regions of 30 ß-thalassaemiaintermedia patients (ß°/ß°) with high levels of HbF, 21 ß-thalassemia major patientsand 40 normal Iranian individuals were analyzed by single-strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) sequencing.Results: Two nucleotide variations in 3' HS111 (-21A>G) and 3`HS1 (179C>T) wereidentified. The most frequent sequence variation was 3' HS111 (-21A) in the intermediapatients and 3`HS111 (-21G) in the major thalassemia patients. In contrast to the 3`HS1marker, both 3'HS111 A and G variants showed a correlation with each studied group.Conclusion: The HS111 marker in conjunction with other parameters could be used asappropriate genetic markers to discriminate β-thalassemia intermedia patients (β°/β°) withhigh levels of HbF from β-thalassemia major patients.

Solid-state cultivation of Fusarium solani was carried out for enhanced production of glucoamylase (GA) using different substrates like wheat bran, rice bran, green gram bran, black gram bran and maize bran. The SSF medium containing wheat bran as a substrate yielded the highest enzyme activity. The physical and chemical parameters were optimized. Maximum enzyme activity (61.35±3.69) U/g of dry wheat bran was achieved under optimum growth conditions. The optimum conditions were fructose as carbon and energy additive 1 % (by mass), urea as nitrogen additive 1 % (by mass), initial moisture content of solid substrate 70 % (by mass per volume), incubation period 96 h, inoculum size 15 % (by mass per volume) having 10^6–10^7 spores/mL, incubation temperature (35±1) °C and pH=5.0. It was further observed that the addition of surfactants caused a decrease in enzyme biosynthesis by F. solani in SSF of wheat bran under optimum process conditions.

Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a tropical parasitic disease resulting from flatworms of the Schistosoma genus. This often overlooked disease has significant impacts in affected regions, causing enduring morbidity, hindering child development, reducing productivity, and creating economic burdens. Praziquantel (PZQ) is currently the only treatment option for schistosomiasis. Given the potential rise of drug resistance and the limited treatment choices available, there is a need to develop more effective inhibitors for this neglected tropical disease (NTD). In view of this, quantitative structure-activity relationship studies (QSAR), molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, drug-likeness, and ADMET predictions were applied to 31 inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (SmDHODH). The designed QSAR model demonstrated robust statistical parameters including an R2 of 0.911, R2adj of 0.890, Q2cv of 0.686, R2pred of 0.807, and cR2p of 0.825, confirming its robustness. Compound 26, identified as the most active derivative, emerged as a lead candidate for new potential inhibitors through ligand-based drug design. Subsequently, 12 novel compounds (26A-26L) were designed with enhanced inhibition activity and binding affinity. Molecular docking studies revealed strong and stable interactions, including hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions, between the designed compounds and the target receptor. Molecular dynamics simulations over 100 nanoseconds and MM-PBSA free binding energy (ΔGbind) calculations validated the stability of the two best-designed molecules (26A and 26L). Furthermore, drug-likeness and ADMET prediction analyses affirmed the potential of these designed compounds, suggesting their promise as innovative agents for treating schistosomiasis. Author summary: In an innovative effort to combat schistosomiasis, we have employed a computational drug innovation approach to design a potential treatment options. Schistosomiasis, a parasitic disease affecting millions worldwide, has been a persistent global health challenge. The study, nestled within the broader realm of life sciences, sought to identify a more effective drug using computational methods that analyze highly effective derivatives targeting SmDHODH. This pioneering approach not only accelerates the drug discovery process but also offers a promising avenue for developing targeted treatments. By harnessing computational power, we systematically explored chemical databases to pinpoint compounds with the potential to combat schistosomiasis. The findings hold significant implications for both scientists and non-scientists, as they represent a step forward in addressing a major public health concern. For scientists, this work exemplifies the integration of in silico techniques in drug development, while non-scientists can appreciate the tangible impact on improving global health and the well-being of communities affected by schistosomiasis. This research underscores the power of interdisciplinary efforts in advancing our ability to tackle complex health challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]