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Abstract: Food resilience is a critical aspect of national sustainability programs. with large and diverse population, Indonesia needs to prioritize food resilience as a primary focus of government programs. Empowering Indonesia's predominantly farming population is one way to achieve food resilience. In this regard, the government can utilize absentee land to achieve food resilience goals and improve the welfare of farmers. However, regulations restricting land ownership to civil servants under Article 3 of Government Regulation No. 224 of 1961 hinder the utilization of absentee land. These regulations pose a significant obstacle to farmers who seek to engage in or expand agricultural endeavors. The conflicts arising from these regulations constitute the most substantial barrier to farmers' efforts to realize food resilience programs in Indonesia. This research uses a normative legal research method, focusing on the absent land through statutory and case approaches. The results of this research suggest that absentee land regulations are no longer relevant given the current state of affairs, as they impede the maximization of food resilience, particularly for farmers in the agricultural sector. Keywords: Absentee Land, Farm Land, Food Resilience

The legal issue is motivated by the existence of arrangements related to the dismissal of PPAT with respect contained in Article 10 paragraph (2) letter B which states that PPAT can be dismissed with respect from his position because he is no longer able to carry out his duties due to the state of his health or mental health, after being declared by the authorized health examination team at the request of the Minister/Head or appointed official. The problem then is how when there is a PPAT who is dismissed with respect for health reasons in accordance with Article 10 paragraph (2) letter b, then the PPAT in question successfully recovers from his illness. The purpose of this study was to analyze and find whether PPAT that was dismissed with respect due to health problems can be reappointed after being declared cured and formulate future regulatory formulations related to PPAT dismissal regulations due to health problems. This research uses normative juridical research method, legislation research approach and conceptual approach, and legal materials used consist of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials obtained through literature studies in the library of the Faculty of law, Universitas Brawijaya, and also internet access. The results of this study were analyzed by the method of legal discovery, namely the method of interpretation and construction. The results of this study are PPAT dismissed with respect in accordance with Article 10 paragraph (2) letter B PP No. 24 of 2016 if the PPAT has recovered, it still cannot be reappointed to his position as PPAT because there are no rules governing it. This would have been contrary to the theory of legal certainty according to Nurhasanah Ismail. For the formulation of future arrangements related to PPAT dismissal regulations due to health problems can be constructed into a new provision that PPAT who experience health problems, changed from the previous one dismissed with respect, is changed to become a temporary dismissal.

The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) heart transplant allocation policy was changed in 2018. This study examines the impact of the change in UNOS heart transplant allocation policy on the use of temporary mechanical circulatory support (MCS) devices and post-transplant survival.The analysis included a total of 26,481 patients listed and transplanted between January 2013 and June 2022. The results showed a decrease in waiting time for transplant after the policy change, indicating a successful reduction in waitlist time for high-priority status patients. However, the length of hospital stays from transplant to discharge increased following the policy change. The study also found an increase in the frequency of ECMO and IABP use both at the time of listing and at the time of transplant following the policy change.Cumulative patient and graft survival at 1000 days decreased following the policy change (86.1 per cent versus 83.7 per cent at 1000 days, p = 0.002). However, the survival curves showed similar survival trends in the first 2 years, with late divergence in survival occurring after 2 years.In conclusion the latest UNOS heart transplant allocation policy change led to a decrease in waiting times and an increase in the use of temporary MCS devices. There was a decrease in cummulative survival at 1000 days following the policy change.

The aim of this paper is to introduce and study the concept of a hyperideal-based zero-divisor graph associated with a general hyperring. This is a generalized version of the zero-divisor graph associated with a commutative ring. For any general hyperring $ R $ having a hyperideal $ I $, the $ I $-based zero-divisor graph $ \Gamma^{(I)}(R) $ associated with $ R $ is the simple graph whose vertices are the elements of $ R\setminus I $ having their hyperproduct in $ I $, and two distinct vertices are joined by an edge when their hyperproduct has a non-empty intersection with $ I $. In the first part of the paper, we concentrate on some general properties of this graph related to absorbing elements, while the second part is dedicated to the study of the $ I $-based zero-divisor graph associated to the general hyperring $ \mathbb{Z}_n $ of the integers modulo $ n $, when $ n = 2p^mq $, with $ p $ and $ q $ two different odd primes, and fixing the hyperideal $ I $.

In computer science, a binary decision diagram is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function and to consider a compressed representation of relations. This paper considers the notation of T.B.T (total binary truth table), and introduces a novel concept of binary decision (hyper)tree and binary decision (hyper)diagram, directly and in as little time as possible, unlike previous methods. This study proves that every T.B.T corresponds to a binary decision (hyper)tree via minimum Boolean expression and presents some conditions on any given T.B.T for isomorphic binary decision (hyper)trees. Finally, for faster calculations and more complex functions, we offer an algorithm and so Python programming codes such that for any given T.B.T, it introduces a binary decision (hyper)tree.

Background: Varicocele is one of the most common treatable causes of male infertility, and its treatment may bebeneficial for fertility. This study aimed to evaluate fertility rate and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) following varicocelectomyin primary infertile men with clinical varicocele.Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted on primary infertility men, in a tertiarycenter from December 2018 to December 2019 with one-year follow-up. Data of the semen parameters, DFI (%), andfertility rate were gathered before, as well as 4 and 12 months after undergoing varicocelectomy. For data analysis,SPSS software and analytical test were used.Results: Out of 76 patients who were analyzed, 22 (29%) became fertile and 54 (71%) remained infertile. Semenparameters and DFI (%) were improved significantly following varicocelectomy (P

The concept of (quasi) superhypergraphs as a generalization of graphs makes a relation between some sets of elements in detail and in general (in the form of parts to parts, parts to whole, and whole to whole elements of sets) and is very useful in the real world. This paper considers the novel concept of (quasi) superhypergraphs and introduces the notation of dominating set and domination number of (quasi) superhypergraphs. Especially, we have analyzed the domination number of uniform (quasi) superhypergraphs and computed their domination number on different cases. The flows (from right to left, from left to right, and two-sided) as maps play a main role in (quasi) superhypergraphs and it is proved that domination numbers of (quasi) superhypergraphs are dependent on the flows. We define the valued-star (quasi) superhypergraphs for the design of hypernetworks and compute their domination numbers. We have shown that the domination numbers of valued-star (quasi) superhypergraphs are distinct in different flow states. In final, we introduce some applications of dominating sets of (quasi) superhypergraphs in hypernetwork as computer networks and treatment networks with the optimal application.

The Complete Systematic Land Registration (PTSL) program's successful implementation hinges on satisfying the physical and juridical data requirements for individual land plots owned by a single person. However, our research highlights disparities between juridical and physical data for specific land plots. Moreover, a lack of community awareness regarding the crucial role of land data collection presents significant challenges in the field. A notable obstacle, as outlined in Article 22(2) of the Regulation of the Minister of Agrarian and Spatial Planning/Head of the National Land Agency of the Republic of Indonesia No. 6 of 2018, pertains to individuals applying for land registration through the PTSL Program without fulfilling complete requirements or providing proof of land ownership. This non-compliance poses a potential catalyst for disputes during the PTSL land registration process. As of early 2017, Indonesia harbored 126,000,000 land parcels, with only 51,000,000 certified and 79,000,000 awaiting official registration, earmarked for acceleration through PTSL. Our focus on Malang Regency in East Java, spanning an expansive 3,534.86 km² or 353,486 ha, reveals its active participation in the PTSL program. Notably, the region faces a substantial PTSL quota of 55,000 land parcels in 2023, distributed across 19 villages in 5 sub-districts, marking the highest quota in East Java Province. The research also underscores the pressing need for enhanced community awareness and compliance with PTSL requirements, particularly focusing on the potential disputes arising from inadequate documentation during the land registration process.

Utilizing two ideas of neutrosophic subsets (NS) and triangular norms, we introduce a new type of graph as valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs. The valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs are a generalization of inverse neutrosophic graphs and are dual to Dombi neutrosophic graphs. We present the concepts of (complete) strong valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs and analyze the complement of (complete) strong valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs and self-valued complemented valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs. Since the valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs depend on real values, solving the non-equation and the concept of homomorphism play a prominent role in determining the complete, strong, complementarity and self-complementarity of valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs. We introduce the truth membership order, indeterminacy membership order, falsity membership order, truth membership size, indeterminacy membership size and indeterminacy membership size of any given valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graph, which play a major role in the application of valued inverse Dombi neutrosophic graphs in complex networks. An application of a valued-inverse Dombi neutrosophic graph is also described in this study.

This paper introduces the concept of single-valued neutrosophic hyper \(BCK\)-subalgebras as a generalization and alternative of hyper \(BCK\)-algebras and on any given nonempty set constructs at least one single-valued neutrosophic hyper \(BCK\)-subalgebra and one a single-valued neutrosophic hyper \(BCK\)-ideal. In this study level subsets play the main role in the connection between singlevalued neutrosophic hyper \(BCK\)-subalgebras and hyper \(BCK\)-subalgebras and the connection between single-valued neutrosophic hyper \(BCK\)-ideals and hyper \(BCK\)-ideals. The congruence and (strongly) regular equivalence relations are the important tools for connecting hyperstructures and structures, so the major contribution of this study is to apply and introduce a (strongly) regular relation on hyper \(BCK\)-algebras and to investigate their categorical properties (quasi commutative diagram) via single-valued neutrosophic hyper \(BCK\)-ideals. Indeed, by using the single-valued neutrosophic hyper \(BCK\)-ideals, we define a congruence relation on (weak commutative) hyper \(BCK\)-algebras that under some conditions is strongly regular and the quotient of any (single-valued neutrosophic)hyper \(BCK\)-(sub)algebra via this relation is a (single-valued neutrosophic)(hyper \(BCK\)-subalgebra) \(BCK\)-(sub)algebra.

AbstractIn general, the process of examining industrial relations dispute cases at the District Court level must take between 8 and 10 days. One of the ways to achieve the principles of fast, simple, and low-cost civil procedure law is through Acte van Dading (conciliation decisions). The researchers is interested in studying the implementation of Acte van Dading for the settlement of industrial relations in Indonesia in relation to Indonesian positive law. The approach method used in this study is normative juridical, that is legal research that examines applicable legal provisions using primary, secondary, and tertiary data. Based on the research, the decisions made in the panel of judges must decide on the entire dispute that is being disputed by a settlement decision that has gone through several stages of industrial relations dispute settlement. The settlement agreement made by workers and employers before a panel of judges must be written and set out in an Acte van Dading. The advantage of this Act Van Dading, the panel of judges considered that it is very possible for disputes to be reconciled in addition to achieving the principles of fast, simple, and low-cost as well as reducing the accumulation of cases in court. The researchers recommendation is to increase legal awareness from both the government, employers and workers’ unions to socialize the settlement of industrial relations disputes using Acte van Dading. Other recommendations require independent mediators or experienced legal experts to help achieve a just and mutually beneficial settlement for all parties involved.

The theory of superhyperalgebras is a new concept in the study of all branches of algebra structures. In this paper, we introduce a novel concept of (m, n)-superhyper G-algebra and present several results from the study of certain properties of (m, n)-superhyper G-algebras. The purpose of this paper is the study an extension of G-algebras to (m, n)-superhyper G-algebras, as a generalization of a logic algebra. The main motivation of this work was obtained based on an extension of G-algebra to superhyper G-algebra based on the n th-power set of a set.

BCK-algebras are algebraic structures in universal algebra such that are based on logical axioms and have some applications. This paper introduces the concept of super hyper BCK-algebras as a generalization of BCK-algebras and investigates some properties of this novel concept.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to assess whether the 5-m walk test is associated with 1-year mortality after transcatheter aortic valve replacement. Methods: Included in the analysis were 304 patients who received the 5-m walk test and underwent transcatheter aortic valve replacement from September 2012 to March 2019. They were classified into 3 groups based on their test score: ≤7, >7, and unable to walk. Preprocedure characteristics, postprocedure outcomes, and follow-up outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: For the 5-m walk test, 145 had a score ≤7 (Group N), 111 had a score >7 (Group S), and 48 were unable to walk (Group I). Average age in years was 80.2 ± 8.7 years in Group N, 81.2 ± 9.4 years in Group S, and 79.4 ± 9.2 in Group I (P = .23). The aortic valve mean gradient at discharge was 9.5 ± 4.1 mm Hg in Group N, 10.4 ± 5.5 mm Hg in Group S, and 8.2 ± 4.2 mm Hg in Group I (P = .05). The discharge survival was 97.2% in Group N, 96.4% in Group S, and 95.8% in Group I (P = .76). One-year survival was 92.8% in Group N, 84.1% in Group S, and 75% in Group I (P

The position of children out of marriage in everyday life by some people is seen as low, on the other hand in terms of welfare and civil rights still get limitations. This research focuses on the implementation of Constitutional Court Decision No. 46/ PUU-VIII /2010 on illegitimate children of Indonesian Women Workers. The research confirmed that the addition of Article 43 paragraph (1) made by the Constitutional Court through Decision No. 46/PUU-VIII/2010 is not only limited to the right to protection but has a very broad meaning that also includes illegitimate children born to Indonesian Women Workers. In accordance with the principle of equality before the law, the law must provide fair protection and legal certainty. The findings of this study revealed that illegitimate children of migrant workers can obtain constitutional rights as Indonesian citizens adhering to the principles of the rule of law. Therefore, the Constitutional Court’s decision does not only affect children’s inheritance rights, but also has implications for guaranteeing and protecting illegitimate children born to migrant workers, such as the right to earn a living, guardianship rights, and the right to get child support from a biological father.

Aim. This study aimed to investigate the frequency of unnecessary tests requested in Be’sat Hospital in Hamadan. Materials and Methods. This descriptive research was conducted in order to investigate the frequency of unnecessary requests for CT scan and radiography of patients referring to the imaging department of Be’sat Hospital in Hamadan in a 4- to 6-month period. Patient information, including gender, age, type of CT scan test, the reason for requesting the test, the expertise of the requesting physician, and the result of the radiologist’s report on each test, was extracted and collected. Results. A total of 1000 CT scans were evaluated. The mean age of these patients was about 36 years and most of them were men. The highest and lowest percentages of unnecessary cases were related to CT scans of the brain (42.3%) and facial bones (2.3%), respectively. The most and the least unnecessary CT scans based on the reason given for the request were related to multiple physical trauma (30.7%) and chronic kidney disease (1.5%), respectively. Conclusion. In all tests, over 74% of the reports were unnecessary and less than 26% were necessary. Therefore, it is necessary to reduce unnecessary requests to reduce the radiation dose of patients. Also, the knowledge of doctors should be increased in the field of appropriate evaluation of CT scan tests based on clinical guidelines.

A general hyperring is an algebraic hypercompositional system (R,+,·) with two hyperoperations ”+" and ” · ”, such that for all x,y ∈ R, x + y and x · y are non-empty subsets of R, and R satisfies the axioms similar to a ring. We introduce and study hyperideals of a general hyperring. In this regards, we construct a connection between classical rings and general hyperrings, specifically, we extend a ring to a general hyperring in nontrivial way. Moreover, a way to construct a general hyperring from set are given. Also, we concentrate on an important class of general hyperrings, which is called Krasner hyperrings, and discuss on their hyperideals. Finally, the set of all hyperideals of a finite general (resp. Krasner) hyperring are considered and its hyperideals are investigated.

This paper introduces the concept of auto–Engel polygroups via the heart of hypergroups and investigates the relation between of auto–Engel polygroups and auto–nilpotent polygroups. Indeed, we show that the concept of heart of hypergroups plays an important role on construction of auto–Engel polygroups. This study considers the notation of characteristic set in hypergroups with respect to automorphism of hypergroups and shows that the heart of hypergroups is a characteristic set in hypergroups.

‎This paper introduces the novel concept of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric spaces as an especial generalization of KM-fuzzy metric spaces‎, ‎investigates several topological and structural properties and presents some of its applications‎. This study also considers the metric spaces and constructs KM-single valued neutrosophic spaces with respect to any given triangular norms and triangular conorms‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎we try to extend the concept of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric spaces to a larger class of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric spaces such as union of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric spaces and product of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric spaces

In this paper we consider the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and we introduce a novel concept of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric graphs based on KM-fuzzy metric spaces. Then we investigate the finite KM-fuzzy metric spaces with respect to KM-fuzzy metrics and we construct the KMfuzzy metric spaces on any given non-empty sets. We try to extend the concept of KM-fuzzy metric spaces to a larger class of KM-fuzzy metric spaces such as union and product of KM-fuzzy metric spaces and in this regard we investigate the class of products of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric graphs. In the final, we define some operations such as tensor product, Cartesian product, semi-strong product, strong product, union, semi-ring sum, suspension, and complement of KM-single valued neutrosophic metric graphs.

Adjustment of immunosuppressive and COVID-19 treatment in terms of drug interactions is still challenging. Herein, we report a 45-year-old woman with end-stage renal disease due to autosomal dominant polycystic diseases (ADPKD) with COVID-19 and pulmonary involvement following kidney transplantation. The patient was properly treated by discontinuation of immunosuppressive drugs, bronchoscopy, and high volume of blood transfusions. The fact that we quickly used early intubation and a new treatment regimen that suppressed immune systems may help physicians develop optimal treatment strategies for similar severe cases. However, this treatment method requires more detailed evaluations due to the contradictory results in reviewing other studies.

For any n∈ℕ and given nonempty subset V, the concept of n-superhypergraphs is introduced by Florentin Smarandache based on PnV (n-th power set of V). In this paper, we present the novel concepts supervertices, superedges, and superhypergraph via the concept of flow. This study computes the number of superedges of any given superhypergraphs, and based on the numbers of superedges and partitions of an underlying set of superhypergraph, we obtain the number of all superhypergraphs on any nonempty set. As a main result of the research, this paper is introducing the incidence matrix of superhypergraph and computing the characteristic polynomial for the incidence matrix of superhypergraph, so we obtain the spectrum of superhypergraphs. The flow of superedges plays the main role in computing of spectrum of superhypergraphs, so we compute the spectrum of superhypergraphs in some types such as regular flow, regular reversed flow, and regular two-sided flow. The new conception of superhypergraph and computation of the spectrum of superhypergraphs are introduced firstly in this paper.

In this paper, we aim to introduce Ciric type G-contractions using directed graphs in metric spaces and then to investigate the existence and uniqueness of best proximity points for them. We also discuss the main theorem and list some consequences of it.

This paper defines the concept of partitioned hypergraphs‎, ‎and enumerates the number of these hypergraphs and discrete complete hypergraphs‎. ‎A positive equivalence relation is defined on hypergraphs‎, ‎this relation establishes a connection between hypergraphs and graphs‎. ‎Moreover‎, ‎we define the concept of (extended) derivable graph‎. ‎Then a connection between hypergraphs and (extended) derivable graphs was investigated‎. ‎Via the positive equivalence relation on hypergraphs‎, ‎we show that some special trees are derivable graph and complete graphs are self derivable graphs‎.

The purpose of this paper is to compute of fundamental relations of hypergroups. In this regards first we study some basic properties of fundamental relation of hypergroups, then we show that any given group is isomorphic to the fundamental group of a nontrivial hypergroup. Finally we study the connections between categories of hypergroups and groups via thefundamental relatio

Pyogenic granuloma (PG) is an uncommon lesion of unknown etiology. It may be formed following a minor injury. They result from a reactive or inflammatory process consisting of proliferating vascular channels, immature fibroblastic connective tissue, and scattered inflammatory cells rather than neoplastic process. Bleeding is the most common symptom of the lesion. They may be seen in all age groups, and there is no clear predominance of a gender. Vulvar PGs can be confused with other polypoid or sessile lesions of the genital site. There are only a few cases of female genital PGs reported in the literature. Herein, we describe the first case of vulvar (clitoral) PG in an Iranian patient and a brief review of the literature in this regard.

هدف پژوهش حاضر، تعیین اثربخشی آموزش مثبت­نگری بر افزایش کیفیت زندگی با تأکید بر قرآن و آموزه­‌های اسلامی در کارکنان اداره کل آموزش و پرورش استان سیستان و بلوچستان بود. این پژوهش از نوع نیمه‌آزمایشی همراه با گروه آزمایش و گواه بود. روش نمونه­گیری ابتدا کل جامعه آماری به تعداد 300 نفر پرسشنامه‌ی کیفیت زندگی 36-sf را تکمیل کردند و شرکت‌کنندگانی که پایین­ترین نمره را اخذ کردند تعداد 50 نفر انتخاب و به صورت تصادفی در دوگروه آزمایشی و گواه جایگزین شدند. به گروه آزمایش هشت جلسه­ی نود دقیقه­ای به صورت هفتگی، آموزش مثبت­نگری با تأکید بر قرآن و آموزه­های دینی ارائه گردید. در پایان آموزش، از هر دو گروه خواسته شد پرسشنامه مذکور را دوباره تکمیل نمایند. در مرحله­ی بعد، پس از سه ماه آزمون ­پیگیری برای سنجش ماندگاری آموزش­های داده شده اجرا گردید. برای تحلیل داده­ها علاوه بر استفاده از آمار توصیفی از روش تحلیل کوواریانس چندمتغیری (MANCOVA) و تحلیل کوواریانس تک‌متغیری (ANCOVA) استفاده شد. نتایج آزمون‌های تجزیه و تحلیل کواریانس چندمتغیری و تک‌متغیری نشان داد که تفاوت معنی‌داری بین دو گروه در افزایش کیفیت زندگی در مرحله پس­آزمون وجود دارد. و در مرحله­ی پیگیری نیز ثبات داشته است. نتایج نشان می­دهد که آموزش گروهی مثبت­نگری با تأکید بر قرآن و آموزه­های اسلامی باعث افزایش تمامی زیر مقیاس­های کیفیت زندگی در گروه آزمایش شده است.

Isolated renal hydatid disease is a rare endemic infestation caused by larval form of Echinococcus granulosus. Hydatiduria is an uncommon presentation of renal hydatid disease. In 2012 a 34-year-old female referred to Razi Hospital, Rasht, Iran with complaints of right flank pain and grape-like material in urine. Diagnosis was made by ultrasonography and CT scan. The patient was treated surgically with nephrectomy in combination with perioperative chemotherapy with albendazol.

This article aims to describe and analysis the existing organizational structure for the National Banking System (N.B.S). The model's dimensions include the levels of complexity, formality, and concentration. Research population consists of five major banks: Tejarat, Melli, Saderat, Sepah, and Mellat. They have majority market share and in addition the branches and personnel coverage ratios are about eighty percent. The research method based on descriptive action research and comparative - causal one. As far as the objective of the project is concerned, the research falls within the R &D category. For gathering data, a questionnaire id designed based upon Robbins (1987 &1994), Hage, and, Aikin (1969) works. The descriptive statistical methods and some inferential statistical approaches such as Friedman Text where applied for the purpose of data analysis and hypothesis testing. One of the results recommended that if the N.B.S is concerned to have an integrated vision for strategic decision making, they have to implement the same research design processes at least for a five years period. model - as theoretical bases for the research. Next we applied the elicited factors of the model on our statistical pilot. Finally we ranked the factors based o n t heir importance in customers' point of view.

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common issue associated with laparoscopic procedures, prompting the exploration of various prevention methods. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the efficacy of Ginger capsules compared to Dexamethasone in preventing PONV following laparoscopic nephrectomy. Methods: A total of 131 patients undergoing laparoscopic nephrectomy were randomly assigned to receive either Ginger or Dexamethasone 30 minutes before anesthesia. Vomiting frequency in the recovery room and within the initial 24 hours postsurgery was recorded and compared between the two groups. Results: In the recovery room (within the first 6 hours post-surgery), vomiting occurred in 37% of patients in the Dexamethasone group and 11% in the Ginger group (P = 0.001). Similarly, within the first 24 hours post-operation, vomiting frequency was significantly lower in the Ginger group (19.7% vs. 47%: P = 0.001). Additionally, fewer patients in the Ginger group required intravenous medications like Ondansetron or Metoclopramide within the initial 24 hours post-surgery compared to the Dexamethasone group (8.2% vs. 38%, respectively; P = 0.001). Patients' self-reported post-surgical pain and discomfort using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) showed no significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.45). No adverse effects were observed in either the Ginger or Dexamethasone groups. Conclusions: Ginger, administered in 500 mg oral capsules, is a safe and cost-effective option for reducing PONV incidence following laparoscopic nephrectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Labial adhesion (LA) is rarely observed in postmenopausal women. There is no uniform consensus regarding the etiology of the LA, yet. It may present with different urinary or vaginal symptoms. We herein report the clinical symptoms, management and follow-up of eight postmenopausal patients with LA and a brief review of the literature. Case presentation We reported the presenting complaints, treatment and surgical outcomes of eight postmenopausal patients, diagnosed with LA. The mean age and follow-up were 55 years (range: 42-69) and 27 months (range:18-36), respectively. All patients were either virgins or did not have sexual intercourse for years. The increasing number of adults LA case reports highlights the importance of conducting a thorough genital examination in all females with hypoestrogenic state and voiding complaints, especially those who are not sexually active. Placing separate absorbable sutures at the introitus area, prolonged use of topical estrogen and maintaining sexual contact or vaginal cones may help to reduce the early recurrence. Conclusions The surgical technique can be considered a safe, effective and durable method for the treatment of LA in postmenopausal women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Varicocele is one of the most common treatable causes of male infertility, and its treatment may be beneficial for fertility. This study aimed to evaluate fertility rate and DNA fragmentation index (DFI) following varicocelectomy in primary infertile men with clinical varicocele. Materials and Methods: This prospective longitudinal study was conducted on primary infertility men, in a tertiary center from December 2018 to December 2019 with one-year follow-up. Data of the semen parameters, DFI (%), and fertility rate were gathered before, as well as 4 and 12 months after undergoing varicocelectomy. For data analysis, SPSS software and analytical test were used. Results: Out of 76 patients who were analyzed, 22 (29%) became fertile and 54 (71%) remained infertile. Semen parameters and DFI (%) were improved significantly following varicocelectomy (P<0.001). Smoking history, occupational heated exposure, body mass index (BMI), and infertility duration were determined as predictors associated with fertility status (P<0.05). Conclusion: Although varicocele repair improved the DFI, the fertility rate was achieved in less than one-third of patients; it seems that the other parameters, such as the history of smoking, occupational heated exposure, overweight, and duration of infertility should be considered as predictors of fertility status, in primary infertile men who are a candidate for varicocelectomy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]