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Background and purpose: As an endogenous antioxidant, bilirubin has surprisingly been inversely correlated with the risk of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Thereupon, the current evaluation was designed to assess the positive effects of bilirubin on the autophagy flux, as well as the other pathogenic processes and parameters involved in the expansion of NAFLD. Experimental approach: Thirty adult male rats weighing 150-200 g with free access to sucrose solution (18%) were randomly subdivided into 5 groups (n = 6). Subsequently, the animals were euthanized, and their blood specimens and liver tissue samples were collected to measure serum biochemical indices, liver histopathological changes, intrahepatic triglycerides content, and tissue stereological alterations. Furthermore, the expression levels of autophagy-related genes (Atgs) were measured to assess the state of the autophagy flux. Findings/Results: Fasting blood glucose, body weight, as well as liver weight, liver-specific enzyme activity, and serum lipid profile indices markedly decreased in rats that underwent a six-week bilirubin treatment compared to the control group. In addition, histopathological studies showed that hepatic steatosis, fibrosis, inflammation, and necrosis significantly decreased in the groups that received bilirubin compared to the control animals. Bilirubin also caused significant alterations in the expression levels of the Atgs, as well as the Beclin- 1 protein. Conclusion and implication: Bilirubin may have potential ameliorative effects on NAFLD-associated liver damage. Moreover, the beneficial effects of bilirubin on intrahepatic lipid accumulation and steatosis were comparable with the group that did not ever receive bilirubin.

Abstract Background Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition affecting the large arteries and is a major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) globally. Increased levels of adhesion molecules in cardiac tissue serve as prognostic markers for coronary artery occlusion risk. Given the antioxidant properties of bilirubin and its inverse correlation with atherosclerosis, this study aimed to assess the beneficial effects of bilirubin on atherosclerotic indices and heart structure in high-fat diet-fed diabetic rats with atherosclerosis. Methods Atherosclerosis was induced in three out of five groups of adult male Sprague Dawley rats through a 14-week period of high-fat diet (HFD) consumption and a single low dose of streptozotocin (STZ) (35 mg/kg). The atherosclerotic rats were then treated with intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg/day bilirubin for either 6 or 14 weeks (treated and protected groups, respectively), or the vehicle. Two additional groups served as the control and bilirubin-treated rats. Subsequently, the mRNA expression levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1), lectin-like LDL receptor 1 (LOX-1), and the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) were analyzed using quantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Histopathological and stereological analyses were performed to assess changes in the heart structure. Results Bilirubin significantly decreased the expression of VCAM-1, ICAM-1, LOX-1, and iNOS genes in the treated group. Moreover, bilirubin mitigated pathological damage in the left ventricle of the heart. Stereological analysis revealed a decrease in the left ventricle and myocardium volume, accompanied by an increase in vessel volume in rats treated with bilirubin. Conclusion These findings demonstrate that mild hyperbilirubinemia can protect against the progression of atherosclerosis and heart failure by improving lipid profile, modulating adhesion molecules, LOX-1, and iNOS gene expression levels.

Fintech and its entrepreneurial opportunities have the ability to play an effective role in the development of the financial industry. Therefore, it is necessary to make a correct and effective policy in this area to identify its probable future. This study is exploratory in terms of purpose and practical in terms of orientation. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. 28 drivers were extracted by reviewing the background and interviewing experts. In order to screen the propellants, expert questionnaire and fuzzy Delphi method were used. Then the propellants screened were ranked through the priority assessment questionnaire and the developed COPRAS technique. The two drivers of the development of smart contracts in the financial industry and the tendency of financial institutions towards open innovation had the highest priority and were used to write research scenarios. Based on these two drivers, 4 scenarios of the era of pristine opportunities, the era of conservative managers, the era of dilapidated infrastructure and the ice age were developed. Then, using the MABAC technique, the scenario of the age of dilapidated infrastructures was selected as the possible scenario of the research. Research proposals were proposed based on priority drivers and possible scenarios. Government support, providing sufficient funds in order to create the necessary infrastructure for the development of smart contracts by banks or establishing a cooperative relationship between banks and financial institutions, fair legislation, development of regtechs, creating compatibility between current systems with new technologies were the most important practical proposals of the study.

Background. Designing a payment system for healthcare workers- doctors and nurses, in particular- in the hospitals is more intricate than that for other organizations. Beyond the legal compliance, the unique features of the medical professions and nursing work environment should be considered. Due to the lack of adequate researches on payment methods for doctors and nurses in Iran, especially regarding the recent changes in "fee for services" (FFS) payment, the present study aimed to investigate the payment challenges faced by the doctors and nurses in Iranian public hospitals. Methods. Challenges were identified by interviews, and prioritized by adopting the MARCOS method. The study population included the hospital managers, healthcare payment method experts, and doctors and nurses in the public hospitals. Targeted sampling and semi-structured interviews were conducted to collect the data. In the MARCOS method, criteria determination, weighting, and scoring of the challenges were performed by five experts in the field of healthcare payment. Criteria included decreased motivation (25%), reduced productivity (15%), correction cost (40%), and implementation difficulty of the correction (20%). Calculations were performed using Excel software and determining the relevant priorities. Results. A total of 16 interviews were conducted in this study, with 10 interviews about the academic faculty and hospital managers in Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, three about the nursing experts in Tehran, and three about the Ministry of Health experts. According to MARCOS method calculations, the top 4 challenges in compensating doctors were identified as: low FFS ceiling, lack of job difficulty incentives, the inadequate impact of full-time work, and the progressive taxing. Additionally, the 2 primary challenges in compensating nurses were: irregular payment of FFS, and collective payment of FFS instead of individual payment. Conclusion. At the time of this study, Iranian public hospitals provided the doctors with individual rights, benefits, and allowances, while it provided the nurses with collective rights, benefits, and overtime pay. Although these compensation methods often posed different challenges, most of the issues were associated with the allowance payments. By prioritizing key challenges, authorities may have developed the necessary solutions for addressing the challenges as well as enhancing the satisfaction of doctors and nurses in Iranian public hospitals.

Before the coronavirus pandemic, higher education centers and companies paid little attention to e-learning. The outbreak of the pandemic and the development of digital technologies have caused companies to pay much attention to e-learning. Therefore, companies are looking for the effective use of e-learning tools. The current research seeks to provide a framework to improve the effectiveness of the e-learning system in Hyper Famili chain stores. The current research is applied in terms of orientation and has a quantitative nature in terms of methodology. This study used two Fuzzy Delphi and Marcos methods for data analysis. The theoretical population of the research was managers, experts, and consultants in the field of education in Hyper Famili. Sampling was done as a judgment based on the expertise of experts in eLearning. The sample size was equal to 10 people. Interviews and questionnaires were used to collect data. The questionnaires used in this research were expert and priority questionnaires. In the first stage, 32 factors were obtained through literature review and interviews with eLearning experts. As a next step, these factors were screened by the distribution of expert questionnaires and the fuzzy Delphi method. Ten factors were selected for final prioritization with Marcos. The screened factors were prioritized by distributing priority questionnaires and Marcos. According to the scores, the most important factors have been found. Practical research proposals were developed based on the most prioritized factors. Some practical suggestions of the research were holding a training workshop on the benefits and applications of e-learning for senior managers, considering the appropriate budget for purchasing and preparing the necessary infrastructure in the field of e-learning, preparing strategic and operational documents based on future developments of new technologies in Iran and the world and the use of instructors with electronic teaching skills.

Abstract Background Lipotoxicity, caused by adipocyte triglyceride over‐accumulation, contributes to obesity‐related comorbidities such as hypertension, type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, respiratory dysfunction, and osteoarthritis. This study focuses on determining how sirtuin‐1 (SIRT‐1) mediates quercetin's (QCT) effect on 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. Key aspects of this study include preventing adipogenesis, inducing lipolysis, and stimulating adipocyte apoptosis. Methods 3T3‐L1 adipocytes underwent treatment with varying QCT doses, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and the SIRT‐1 inhibitor EX‐527, followed by 3‐(4,5‐dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyl‐2H‐tetrazolium bromide [MTT] assay for cell viability assessment. Furthermore, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction measured mRNA expression levels of adipogenesis markers (fatty acid synthase [FASN] and peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor gamma [PPARγ]), lipolysis markers (adipose triglyceride lipase [ATGL] and hormone‐sensitive lipase [HSL]), and apoptosis markers (B‐cell lymphoma2 [Bcl‐2], Bcl‐2 Associated ‐X‐protein [BAX] and Caspase‐3). Results The data showed that LPS + QCT significantly reduced cell viability in a dose‐ and time‐dependent manner, unaffected by LPS + QCT + EX‐527. Treatment with LPS + QCT did not affect FASN and PPARγ expression but significantly increased ATGL and HSL mRNA expression compared with LPS alone. Interestingly, EX‐527 reversed the effects of LPS + QCT on lipogenesis and lipolysis markers completely. QCT enhanced apoptosis in a SIRT‐1 independent pattern. Conclusion The data suggest that QCT suppresses adipogenesis while increasing lipolysis via SIRT‐1. However, QCT's effects on apoptosis appear to be independent of SIRT‐1. These findings provide further evidence for QCT's effects on adipocytes, particularly its interaction with SIRT‐1.

Abstract Introduction Adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) is a crucial enzyme responsible for the release of fatty acids from various tissues. The expression of ATGL is regulated by insulin and this enzyme is linked to Insulin resistance (IR). On the other hand, ATGL‐mediated lipolysis is connected to macrophage function and thus, ATGL is involved in inflammation and the pathogenesis of lipid‐related disorders. This study aimed to investigate the correlation between ATGL, obesity, Metabolic Syndrome (MetS), and inflammation. Methods A total of 100 participants, including 50 individuals with obesity and 50 healthy participants, were recruited for this study and underwent comprehensive clinical evaluations. Blood samples were collected to measure plasma lipid profiles, glycemic indices, and liver function tests. Additionally, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were isolated and used for the assessment of the gene expression of ATGL, using real‐time PCR. Furthermore, PBMCs were cultured and exposed to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) with simultaneous ATGL inhibition, and the gene expression of inflammatory cytokines, along with the secretion of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), were measured. Results The gene expression of ATGL was significantly elevated in PBMCs obtained from participants with obesity and was particularly higher in those diagnosed with MetS. It exhibited a correlation with insulin levels and Homeostatic Model Assessment for IR (HOMA‐IR), and it was associated with lipid accumulation in the liver. Stimulation with LPS increased ATGL expression in PBMCs, while inhibition of ATGL attenuated the inflammatory responses induced by LPS. Conclusions Obesity and MetS were associated with dysregulation of ATGL. ATGL might play a role in the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines and act as a significant contributor to the development of metabolic abnormalities related to obesity.

One of the most important goals of economic policymakers in every country is to achieve high economic growth. For this purpose, this study aims to identify the most important variables affecting Iran's economic growth in the period of 1981 - 2021 using the dynamic averaging model. The results showed that in Iran's economy, the variables of current government expenditures, tax revenues, income inequality, household consumption expenditures, and domestic investment are the most important variables affecting economic growth. Also, the results showed that the manner and probability of these variables influencing economic growth over time are not constant and are subject to exogenous impulses such as revolution, war, oil price shocks, applied economic policies, structural changes, and sanctions. The results showed that in Iran's economy, the variables of current government expenditures, tax revenues, income inequality, household consumption expenditures, and domestic investment are the most important variables affecting economic growth respectively.

Introduction: Environmental disasters, stakeholder pressure, and global trends have caused the discussion of new energies and businesses in this field to be the focus of researchers. In Iran, the issue of sanctions, dependence of industries on fossil fuels and the traditional mentality of managers has restricted growth and development of clean energy. Development in this field requires a correct understanding of the future and fundamental planning. Without paying attention to financing, which is one of the most important challenges for the development of any business, it will not be possible to continue the activity. Therefore, the current research identified drivers and investment scenarios in the field of clean energy.Materials and Methods: The current research is pragmatic in terms of philosophy and applied in terms of orientation. Also, this study is exploratory in terms of objective and mixed in terms of methodology. The statistical population of the research were experts in the field of clean energy and financing. Using judgmental sampling, 15 managers working in Iran Renewable Energy Association, Iran Energy Association, Environmental Protection Organization and university professors in the relevant fields have been used. The research has been done in five steps. In the first step, key drivers were identified through background review and interviews with experts. In the second step, the drivers were screened through an expert questionnaire and using the fuzzy Delphi method. In the third step, the screened propellants were analyzed through the effect measurement questionnaire and using the fuzzy Dimetal method, and the final propellants were identified based on the degree of effectiveness. In the fourth step, believable scenarios were developed using CATWOE. The probable scenario was identified with CODAS technique.Results: By reviewing the background and interviewing experts, 24 drivers were extracted. Using the fuzzy Delphi method, 12 drivers whose diphasis number was higher than the threshold (0.7) were selected. Then, with the Fuzzy Dimetal technique, the two drivers of the laws related to the energy field and the government's view on the need to enter the field of clean energy were identified and evaluated as suitable for the development of scenarios. Based on these two drivers, four scenarios of soul prison, auspicious, Anti-innovation culture, and poisonous structure were developed. The soul prison scenario depicts the pessimistic future and the auspicious scenario shows the best scenario. Then, using CODAS technique, the soul prison scenario was selected as the most probable scenario.Discussion: Policy makers should try to make Karmiar's ideal scenario happen instead of realizing the soul prison scenario, which happens to be the worst scenario. For this purpose, laws and policies should be established to improve the business environment in the field of clean energy. Such laws should remove obstacles to attract foreign capital while increasing domestic capital. These laws should enable the transfer of advanced technologies through fiscal and financial support. The view of government officials on the need to enter into clean energy as the second most important driver has cultural roots and originates from managers' ignorance of clean energy and its advantages in the business environment. For this reason, universities, research centers, social media, non-governmental organizations supporting the environment, global and regional developments and environmental disasters play an important role in changing this attitude. In Iran, because managers are forced to accept change at the last moment, change is sudden and has increasing costs. It is hard to expect change without doing inclusive and spontaneous cultural work. Cultivation plays an important role in favoring green products. In addition, changing the attitude of managers can lead to the facilitation of financing as a key challenge in the field of clean energy.

Purpose: Universities and higher education institutions have moved towards diversifying their sources of income due to declining government budgets, economic pressures, intense competition, declining demand for graduate education, and international financial crises. Therefore, the present study seeks to identify the most important drivers of the future of universities' revenue sources. Method: The present study is applied in terms of orientation and its methodology is quantitative multiple. The theoretical population of the research is the planning and programming managers of the major universities in the country and experts in the field of education financing. The sampling method was judgmental according to the skill of experts in the field of higher education financing. The sample size in this study was 10 people. Research drivers were obtained through a literature review and interviews with experts. Then, two questionnaires of expert evaluation and effectiveness evaluation were used to screen and analyze the effectiveness of the drivers. These questionnaires were analyzed by two techniques of fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy Dematel. Findings: 25 drivers were obtained through a literature review and interviews with experts. Among the factors of the study, 10 drivers had a defuzzy value greater than 0.6 and were selected for final analysis. The effectiveness of the remaining drivers was evaluated with fuzzy Dematel. According to the net effect index, the drivers of sanctions and external restrictions, the economic conditions of the society, the nature of the relationship between universities and industries and businesses in the society, and the policies of the Ministry of Science regarding student admission had the most impact. Conclusion: The practical suggestions of the research were presented according to the most effective drivers. In this regard, suggestions such as the resilience of universities, attention of universities to the production of wealth in society, directing graduate theses and research towards problem-oriented and attracting students based on the needs of industry and market, land use planning, and local requirements were presented.

This research has been done with the aim of developing Iran's banking scenarios with an emphasis on big data. The current research is practical in terms of orientation and exploratory in terms of the goal. It is also mixed in terms of its philosophical, pragmatic and methodological foundations. To carry out the research in the first stage, 20 key drivers of the research were extracted through literature review and interviews with banking and technology experts. After screening with the fuzzy Delphi method, 8 factors were removed and the rest were evaluated with the Marcus decision making technique. The findings of the research show that the two factors of "technology regulation" and "technology transfer costs" were chosen as key uncertainties for developing research scenarios. Based on these two key uncertainties, four scenarios were developed based on interviews with the focus group with the titles of comprehensive banking, static banking, searching banking, wandering banking. In the comprehensive banking scenario, everything is in its optimal state; Technology transfer costs have decreased and regulators are supportive of the technologies. According to the findings of the research, considering drivers, key uncertainties and alternative scenarios by managers and decision makers can improve the performance and increase the competitive advantage of banks.

Traditional banking needs new fintech innovations and technologies to improve its processes and services. Various factors affect the cooperation of banks and fintechs, some of which are related to banks and others to the banking environment.The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the strategic factors affecting the cooperation of banks and fintechs in Bank. The present study is applied in terms of orientation and has a quantitative nature in terms of methodology. Two methods of fuzzy Delphi and fuzzy dematel were used to analyze the data. The fuzzy Delphi method was used to screen the strategic factors of the research and the fuzzy dematel technique was used to identify the most effective factors. Two tools of interview and questionnaire were used to collect data. The research questionnaires were:Fuzzy Screening Questionnaire and effect analysis Questionnaire. Initially, through literature review and interviews with experts, 28 strategic factors were identified.These factors were screened by fuzzy Delphi technique.10 internal factors and eight external factors had a defuzzy number greater than 0.7 and were selected for analysis with fuzzy dematel.Analysis of internal factors with fuzzy dematel showed that the factors of the nature of the needs of the bank's customers,the future thinking of the bank's senior managers, the culture of risk-taking between managers and senior experts and the agility of the bank's structure and processes have the most net effect In relation to external factors, the factors of intensity of competition between banks, effective factors on the cooperation between banks and fintechs.

This research seeks to identify and analyze the drivers affecting the future of the income sources of social security organization. The theoretical population was the managers of the social security organization and experts in this field. The sampling was done judgmentally, and the sample size amounts to 15 people. Data collection tools were interviews and questionnaires. As for the findings, 35 sub-drivers were classified as economic, socio-cultural, structural, financial and investment, policy, marketing, environmental and legal drivers. These drivers were screened by distributing expert questionnaires and using Binominal's test. 13 drivers have significance coefficient of less than five percent and were selected for final prioritization. These drivers were evaluated by the Copras method and account for three criteria of experts' expertise, certainty, and importance. The driver of using the capacity of FinTechs and their innovations for financing and investment had the highest priority. Accordingly, the concluding suggestions were: using digital financial technologies and artificial intelligence to increase investment efficiency, using new financing methods such as crowd-funding, avoiding divesting loss-making companies to the organization, and strengthening good and efficient governance in the holdings of the organization.

The cement industry is one of the strategic and important industrial sectors in the country in terms of meeting the needs of areas such as housing, The current research seeks to identify the future scenarios of this industry in the medium term. This research has a pragmatic approach from the point of view of orientation, practical and from the point of view of paradigm foundation. The theoretical community of the research is cement industry experts who were selected by judgmental sampling method. In the first step, common and specific drivers were identified through background review and interviews with industry experts. Then, by applying the theoretical sieve and inference-oriented, the final propellants were selected. Next, the remaining propellants were analyzed with DEMATEl technique. The two driving forces of pricing and market demand were considered for the formation of scenarios with regard to the highest net effect, and the test approach and selection of individual Strategic Assumption Surfacing and Testing were used to develop the scenarios. The suggested scenarios of the research are: the scenario of trying to survive, the scenario of healing the wound, the scenario of the developing world, and the scenario of dying. Finally, to determine the possible scenario, the Ordinal Priority Approach technique was used, and it was determined that the salve on the wound scenario is the most likely scenario. Schopenhauer's approach was used to present research proposals. In this way, the possible and pessimistic scenario sharing funds became the basis of the proposal.

Abstract Background Monosodium glutamate (MSG) is a food ingredient that is increasingly used commercially. MSG leads to oxidative stress, consequently suppressing steroid hormone production that causes defects in male reproductive system. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of L-carnitine as an antioxidant on testicular damage in MSG-induced male rats. Methods Sixty adult male Spargue-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups of ten as follows: control (water), sham (normal saline), L-carnitine (200 mg/kg b.w), MSG (3 g/kg b.w), MSG + L-carnitine 100 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 100 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine), and MSG + L-carnitine 200 (3 g/kg b.w of MSG and 200 mg/kg b.w of L-carnitine). The treatment was administered by oral gavage for six months. Serum levels of Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Anti-oxidant Capacity (TAC), LH, FSH, testosterone, and mRNA expressions of Star, Cyp11a1, and Hsd17b3 genes, and histological and stereological changes were assessed. Results L-carnitine led to a significant decrease in the level of MDA and a significant rise in the serum levels of TAC, LH, FSH, and mRNA expression of Star and Cyp11a1 compared to the MSG group (p

Aim: Banking is one of the most influential areas in the economy in terms of financing, liquidity control, and improving the business environment. Banking has faced many restrictions in recent years. Strengthening this sector has an important role in the development of the economy. The study seeks to strengthen this area with a resilient approach. To achieve this goal, banking resilience factors have been identified and prioritized.Methodology: This research is exploratory from the perspective of purpose and has a multi-method quantitative methodology due to the use of quantitative methods. The population of the research is experts in the banking system. The sampling method was judgmental. The sample size was 15 people. The data collection tools in this research were interviews and questionnaires. The expertise questionnaire was used to screen the factors, the Dematel questionnaire was used for the secondary screening of the factors and to determine their effectiveness, and finally, the Codas priority evaluation questionnaire was used for the final ranking of the factors. The factors of the research questionnaires were based on the review of authentic articles and interviews with experts, so the research tools had good validity. Binominal test, Dematel, and Codas were used for primary screening, secondary screening, and final prioritization, respectively.Binominal's test is one of the non-parametric tests for factor screening, and the reason for its use is the non-normality of the research data. The Dematel is a part of structural analysis techniques, and by using it, it is possible to determine the degree of influence of factors. Codas method is one of the new distance techniques and in addition to the Euclidean distance, it also determines the Taxicob distance for each of the factors.Findings: At first, 22 effective factors on banking resilience were identified through literature review and interviews with banking experts. The desired factors were screened using the Binominal test. 13 factors with a significance coefficient above 5% were excluded and the remaining 9 factors were analyzed using the Dematel. 5 factors were evaluated as effective. The screening of factors before the final prioritization helps the consistency of the results and the quality of the findings. Finally, the 5 factors were prioritized using the Codas.Conclusion: Future thinking, strategic partnership with fintech and the existence of a risk analysis system have the highest priority in banking resilience. proposals were developed based on these factors. Analyzing the drivers and identifying the future scenarios of the banking sector, investing in fintech to use their capacity in research and development, and identifying and managing the future risks of the banking sector will help the resilience of the banking network.

Objective: The present study seeks to identify the future of project-oriented organizations active in the financial services industry via the Scenario Planning Approach. Methods: The present study is pragmatic in terms of philosophical foundations, applied in terms of orientation, and a survey in terms of data collection. Regarding the use of qualitative and quantitative methods, it has a mixed methodology. In this study, the Binomial statistical test was used to screen key drivers, modified fuzzy VIKOR method was applied for Key driver analysis, CATWOE was used to map research scenarios, and SECA technique was applied to determine probable Scenarios. Results: In this study, 25 drivers were obtained through reviewing the literature and conducting interviews with experts. These factors were screened using the Binominal test. In this step, 17 drivers had a significance coefficient, i.e. above five percent, and were removed from the analysis. The remaining eight drivers were examined using modified fuzzy VIKOR. The two drivers i.e. the legal environment of the financial services industry and the type of interaction of traditional financial institutions with fintech had the highest priority. Based on these two drivers, the four scenarios of Dreamland, Paranoia Age, Baseless World, and Ice Age were developed for the future of project-based organizations in the financial services industry. Each driver had two opposite modes. Four scenarios were constructed from a combination of different situations of research drivers. Finally, using the SECA technique, the Baseless World scenario was selected as the most probable one. Also in this study, the scenarios of the Dreamland and the Ice Age were optimistic and pessimistic scenarios, respectively. The probable scenario was an interstitial one between two optimistic and pessimistic scenarios. Conclusion: Finally, the research proposals were developed based on the most probable and worst scenario with a negative dialectical approach. The common denominator between the two scenarios (probable and pessimistic) was the dispersion of rules and standards in the financial services industry. Therefore, research proposals were developed around legislation and regulation in Fintech and the financial services industry.

BackgroundEpigenetic modifications, particularly histone acetylation-deacetylation and its related enzymes, such as sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) deacetylase, may have substantial roles in the pathogenesis of obesity and its associated health issues. This study aimed to evaluate global histone acetylation status and SIRT1 gene expression in children and adolescents with obesity and their association with metabolic and anthropometric parameters.MethodsThis study included 60 children and adolescents, 30 with obesity and 30 normal-weight. The evaluation consisted of the analysis of global histone acetylation levels and the expression of the SIRT1 gene in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, by specific antibody and real-time PCR, respectively. Additionally, insulin, fasting plasma glucose, lipid profile and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) levels were measured. Insulin resistance was assessed using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). Metabolic syndrome was determined based on the diagnostic criteria established by IDF.ResultsIndividuals with obesity, particularly those with insulin resistance, had significantly higher histone acetylation levels compared to control group. Histone acetylation was positively correlated with obesity indices, TNF-α, insulin, and HOMA-IR. Additionally, a significant decrease in SIRT1 gene expression was found among obese individuals, which was negatively correlated with the histone acetylation level. Furthermore, SIRT1 expression levels showed a negative correlation with various anthropometric and metabolic parameters.ConclusionHistone acetylation was enhanced in children and adolescents with obesity, potentially resulting from down-regulation of SIRT1, and could play a role in the obesity-associated metabolic abnormalities and insulin resistance. Targeting global histone acetylation modulation might be considered as an epigenetic approach for early obesity management.

Objective: In today's world, global economies face significant shocks and threats, such as financial and economic crises, bankruptcies of the banks and large industries, the spread of infectious diseases, terrorist behavior and the collapse of markets. In recent years, the country has faced extensive and unprecedented sanctions, and other shocks such as natural disasters and the outbreak of corona have damaged the country's economy. Therefore, paying attention to the economic resilience plays an important role in strengthening the country's economy and financial institutions against threats. The capital market, as a source of attracting stray and supportive liquidity for the business environment, plays an important role in preventing the country's economic turmoil. This study aimed to identify and prioritize the factors affecting the resilience of the country's capital market. Methods: The present research is applied in terms of orientation and exploratory in terms of purpose. In order to conduct research in the first stage, by reviewing the literature and interviewing financial experts, the main factors affecting the resilience of the capital market were identified. Subsequently, using the nonparametric test Binominal and Dematel, the main factors were screened and the non-important factors were excluded. Results: The main final factors were: the structure and processes of the organization, attention to learning and training, information sharing, identifying and analyzing impulses, threats and risks ahead, variety of designs and available options, technology acceptance, improvement and development. Conclusion: Subsequently, the sub-factors of each of the main factors were identified. Finally, by using Codas decision-making technique, the priority of sub-factors in each of the main factors was determined.

This study aims to identify the plausible scenarios of tourism in Antalya, Turkey. For this purpose, the drivers and key factors of the research were first identified by reviewing the literature and interviewing Turkish tourism experts. Then these factors were screened using binomial nonparametric test and eight factors were eliminated from the 19 key factors. Two key factors of government policy in the tourism field and value of country currency were selected using cross impact analysis technique in order to write plausible scenarios. Based on these two uncertainties, four scenarios of luxury tourism, cheap tourism, tourism deterioration and unplanned tourism were identified.

This research was an applied cross-sectional descriptive survey. Thestudy tried to measure the amount of invincibility of supply chain ofMobarakeh Steet Company in Esfahan. To do so, the basic frameworkwas obtained through a comprehensive review of the related literature;the framework was prepared and verified by experts. Using thisframework, the invincibility related to supply chain was obtained.Having sessions with experts and using interviews and questionnaires,the criteria were refined. Using ANP the importance of each criterionwas specified. The main criteria, all the risk criteria (0.16) and learning(0.5) accounted for the largest weight. Using grey ARAS supplierEsfahan Mobarakeh steel company was ranked in terms of invincibilityand the rank of PARS in the supplier invincibility was located in the firstplace.

Paradigms are some principles and assumptions, which define frameworks and research priorities in each discipline. Many believe that operational research (OR) is not a science and like many other sciences does not have any paradigm. However, since OR is committed to scientific methods, therefore it contains a methodological paradigm. The purpose of this paper is to consider theoretical methodologies in the field of OR. This paper performs a review on the existing literature based on interpretive hermeneutic approach. Based on literature review, the study determines four principles and assumptions for each OR paradigms and a classification of the methods are presented. The results show that OR has four main paradigms and there are many methods in OR fields to tackle a particular problem where each problem belongs to a particular paradigm. In addition, instead of using a particular method in problem situations, we can implement a combination of methodologies.