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Abstract Background Anxiety symptoms in older adults can significantly impact their well-being. Physical activity is increasingly recognized as a potential intervention to alleviate anxiety in this population. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to explore the impact of physical activity on anxiety symptoms in geriatric individuals. Methods A systematic search was conducted in MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Embase databases until November 29, 2023. Two independent reviewers screened articles based on predefined inclusion criteria. Results Eleven randomized controlled trials were included. These trials, involving 770 geriatric participants, demonstrated a significant overall effect of physical activity on reducing anxiety symptoms (SMD =-0.60, 95% CI: -0.88 to -0.32). Subgroup analysis based on type of intervention and duration of follow-up was performed. The results showed all types of exercises reduced anxiety symptoms compared to the control group. Furthermore, those studies with shorter follow-up (less than 10 weeks) did not show a statistically significant reduction in anxiety symptoms. Moderate heterogeneity was observed (I2 = 67%). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the overall effect size. Funnel plot inspection and Egger’s test (p = 0.36) suggested no signs of publication bias or small study effects. Conclusion This meta-analysis provides strong evidence that physical activity significantly reduces anxiety symptoms in older adults. The study highlights the differential effects of cardio and strength exercises and underscores the high quality of evidence supporting the anxiolytic benefits of physical activity in geriatric populations.

Abstract Background Post COVID-19 syndrome, also known as "Long COVID," is a complex and multifaceted condition that affects individuals who have recovered from SARS-CoV-2 infection. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to comprehensively assess the global prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorder in individuals coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome. Methods A rigorous search of electronic databases was conducted to identify original studies until 24 January 2023. The inclusion criteria comprised studies employing previously validated assessment tools for depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, reporting prevalence rates, and encompassing patients of all age groups and geographical regions for subgroup analysis Random effects model was utilized for the meta-analysis. Meta-regression analysis was done. Results The pooled prevalence of depression and anxiety among patients coping with Post COVID-19 syndrome was estimated to be 23% (95% CI: 20%—26%; I2 = 99.9%) based on data from 143 studies with 7,782,124 participants and 132 studies with 9,320,687 participants, respectively. The pooled prevalence of sleep disorder among these patients, derived from 27 studies with 15,362 participants, was estimated to be 45% (95% CI: 37%—53%; I2 = 98.7%). Subgroup analyses based on geographical regions and assessment scales revealed significant variations in prevalence rates. Meta-regression analysis showed significant correlations between the prevalence and total sample size of studies, the age of participants, and the percentage of male participants. Publication bias was assessed using Doi plot visualization and the Peters test, revealing a potential source of publication bias for depression (p = 0.0085) and sleep disorder (p = 0.02). However, no evidence of publication bias was found for anxiety (p = 0.11). Conclusion This systematic review and meta-analysis demonstrate a considerable burden of mental health issues, including depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, among individuals recovering from COVID-19. The findings emphasize the need for comprehensive mental health support and tailored interventions for patients experiencing persistent symptoms after COVID-19 recovery.

A few mostly underpowered randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have been used to study the impact of blood pressure (BP) targets in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) patients. We aimed to perform an updated meta-analysis to compare the outcomes between the higher BP target and the lower BP target groups following OHCA. A systematic search was conducted on PubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Library until December 2022. We pooled odds ratios (ORs) and mean differences (MDs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) using RevMan 5.4. Our search yielded four RCTs with a total of 1114 patients. Regarding our primary outcome of all-cause mortality, there was no significant difference between higher versus lower BP target goals in post-OHCA patients (OR 1.12, 95% CI: 0.86 to 1.45). Furthermore, there were no significant differences between the two groups in good neurological outcome, the incidence of arrhythmia, need for renal replacement therapy, and the levels of neuron-specific enolase at 48 h. The length of ICU stay of patients treated with the higher BP target was significantly lower but by a small margin. These findings do not support the use of a higher BP target but are subject to confirmation by large-scale RCTs investigating homogenous BP goals.

BackgroundWe sought to conduct this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in Iranian medical students and resident physicians.MethodsA systematic search was conducted on 23 December 2023 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Iranian national databases. We pooled the prevalence of individual studies using the random effect model.ResultsOur systematic search showed 36 articles that meet the eligibility criteria. Most included studies were cross-sectional. The most used questionnaire to assess depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 Items (DASS-21), and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance among Iranian medical students were 43% (95%CI: 33%-53%%, I2 = 98%), 44% (95%CI: 31%-58%%, I2 = 99%), 48% (95%CI: 39%-56%%, I2 = 97%), respectively. The results of subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed questionnaires used and the place of the medical school were significantly associated with the prevalence of aforementioned outcomes. Funnel plot and Begg's regression test did not show a significant source of funnel plot asymmetry for depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance.ConclusionIn conclusion, our study showed that nearly half of the medical students had some type of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance problems. To address this serious national public health issue, efficient preventive measures, routine screenings, and prompt interventions are required.

Abstract Background Esophageal motility disorders are a group of disorders associated with dysfunctional swallowing resulting from impaired neuromuscular coordination. Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE-5) inhibitors induce smooth relaxation and are proposed as a treatment option for esophageal motility disorders such as achalasia. Methods This study is conducted based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). We systematically searched MEDLINE/ PubMed, Scopus, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for esophageal outcomes of individuals treated with PDE5 inhibitors. A random effect meta-analysis was conducted. Results A total of 14 studies were included. They were conducted in different countries, with Korea and Italy having the highest number of articles. The main drug assessed was sildenafil. PDE-5 inhibitors resulted in a significant reduction in lower esophageal sphincter pressure (SMD − 1.69, 95% CI: -2.39 to -0.99) and the amplitude of contractions (SMD − 2.04, 95% CI: -2.97 to -1.11). Residual pressure was not significantly different between the placebo and sildenafil groups (SMD − 0.24, 95% CI: -1.20 to 0.72). Furthermore, a recent study reported contractile integral, stating that ingestion of sildenafil leads to a significant reduction in distal contractile integral and a significant increase in proximal contractile integral. Conclusion PDE-5 inhibitors significantly reduce LES resting pressure and esophageal peristaltic vigor, decreasing esophageal body contractility and contraction reserve. Therefore, using these drugs in patients affected by esophageal motility disorders may potentially improve their condition regarding symptom relief and prevention of further associated complications. Future reports investigating larger sample size is necessary in order to establish definite evidence regarding the efficacy of these drugs.

AimsWe sought to conduct a meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) and HF with mildly reduced ejection fraction (HFmrEF).MethodsWe searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Embase, and ClinicalTrials.gov till March 2023 to retrieve all randomized controlled trials of SGLT2i in patients with HFpEF or HFmrEF. Risk ratios (RRs) and standardized mean differences (SMDs) with their 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model.ResultsWe included data from 14 RCTs. SGLT2i reduced the risk of the primary composite endpoint of first HF hospitalization or cardiovascular death (RR 0.81, 95% CI: 0.76, 0.87; I2 = 0%); these results were consistent across the cohorts of HFmrEF and HFpEF patients. There was no significant decrease in the risk of cardiovascular death (RR 0.96, 95% CI: 0.82, 1.13; I2 = 36%) and all-cause mortality (RR 0.97, 95% CI: 0.89, 1.05; I2 = 0%). There was a significant improvement in the quality of life in the SGLT2i group (SMD 0.13, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.20; I2 = 51%).ConclusionThe use of SGLT2i is associated with a lower risk of the primary composite outcome and a higher quality of life among HFpEF/HFmrEF patients. However, further research involving more extended follow-up periods is required to draw a comprehensive conclusion.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO (CRD42022364223).

Abstract Background SARS-CoV-2 exposure during pregnancy is related to adverse effects for both the mother and the infant. SARS-CoV-2 vaccination has lowered the risk of symptomatic disease substantially. Recently published studies have evaluated the outcomes of women who received the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy; systematic evidence regarding vaccination safety is crucial to ensure that COVID-19 vaccination is not associated with adverse pregnancy and neonatal outcomes. Methods Pubmed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched from each database's inception through April 7, 2022. All interventional and observational studies comparing neonatal or pregnancy outcomes between pregnant women who received COVID-19 vaccines during their pregnancy and unvaccinated pregnant women were included. The random-effects model was used in the meta-analyses. Results A total of 11 studies comprising 756,098 pregnant mothers were included. The rate of neonates with 5-min Apgar score ≤ 7 (log RR -0.08 (95% CI: -0.15 to -0.00), (P = 0.03)) and pregnant mothers with preterm birth (log RR -0.11 (95% CI: -0.21 to -0.01), (P = 0.02)) was significantly lower among vaccinated group. No significant difference was observed in adverse neonatal outcomes (log RR -0.07 (95% CI: -0.17 to 0.03)), small for gestational age (log RR -0.06 (95% CI: -0.14 to 0.02)), caesarean delivery (log RR 0.05 (95% CI: -0.05 to 0.15)), postpartum hemorrhage (log RR -0.05 (95% CI: -0.13 to 0.02)), stillbirth (log RR -0.05 (95% CI: -0.54 to 0.45)). Conclusions and relevance In this systematic review and meta-analysis, no evident differences were observed when comparing vaccinated pregnant mothers with those who had not received COVID-19 vaccines. Based on low certainty of evidence, vaccination during pregnancy was accompanied by a favorable Apgar score in neonates and fewer preterm births.

Abstract We report the green synthesis of novel ZrO2-Glycine nanocomposite referred to as ZrO2-Gly NC followed by its characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, SEM/EDX, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. Further, the inhibition effect of the varying concentration of ZrO2-Gly NC on the corrosion of mild steel (MS) in 1 M HCl was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical measurements at 40–80 °C. The percentage inhibition efficacy of NC increased with the increase of concentration and temperature and reached about 81.01% at 500 ppm at 70 °C which decreased at 80 °C and exhibited 73.5% inhibition efficiencies. According to the polarization measurements, the investigated ZrO2-Gly NC works as a mixed-type inhibitor with predominantly inhibiting cathodic reaction. Also, the adsorption isotherm analysis indicated that the adsorption was spontaneous and followed the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Furthermore, the contact angle measurement revealed the water-repelling property of the investigated inhibitor. The surface morphological study via SEM–EDS micrograph affirmed the appearance of a smooth surface in presence of inhibited media suggesting the formation of protective film by the adsorption of ZrO2-Gly NC on the surface of the MS even at higher temperature.

Abstract Background We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy of ivermectin for COVID-19 patients based on current peer-reviewed RCTs and to address disputes over the existing evidence. Methods MEDLINE (Pubmed), Scopus, Web of Science, Cochrane library, Google scholar and Clinicaltrials.gov were searched for RCTs assessing the efficacy of Ivermectin up to 20 February 2022. A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies was performed based on the PRISMA 2020 statement criteria. Results 19 and 17 studies were included in this systematic review and meta-analysis, respectively. There was no significant difference in progression to severe disease (log OR − 0.27 [95% CI − 0.61 to 0.08], I2 = 42.29%), negative RT-PCR (log OR 0.25 [95% CI − 0.18–0.68], I2 = 58.73%), recovery (log OR 0.11 [95% CI − 0.22–0.45], I2 = 13.84%), duration of hospitalization (SMD − 0.40 [95% CI − 0.85–0.06], I2 = 88.90%), time to negative RT-PCR (SMD − 0.36 [95% CI − 0.89–0.17], I2 = 46.2%), and viral load (SMD -0.17 [95% CI -0.45 to 0.12], I^2 = 0%). It is worth noting that, based on low-certainty evidence, ivermectin may possibly reduce mortality (log OR − 0.67 [95% CI − 1.20 to − 0.13], I2 = 28.96%). However, studies with a higher risk of bias were more likely to indicate positive effects on the efficacy of this drug, according to our subgroup analyses based on study quality. Conclusion Ivermectin did not have any significant effect on outcomes of COVID-19 patients and as WHO recommends, use of ivermectin should be limited to clinical trials.

IntroductionThis study was conducted to evaluate the predictive values of volumetric parameters and radiomic features (RFs) extracted from pretreatment 68Ga-PSMA PET and baseline clinical parameters in response to 177Lu-PSMA therapy.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective multicenter study, mCRPC patients undergoing 177Lu-PSMA therapy were enrolled. According to the outcome of therapy, the patients were classified into two groups including positive biochemical response (BCR) (≥ 50% reduction in the serum PSA value) and negative BCR (< 50%). Sixty-five RFs, eight volumetric parameters, and also seventeen clinical parameters were evaluated for the prediction of BCR. In addition, the impact of such parameters on overall survival (OS) was evaluated.Results33 prostate cancer patients with a median age of 69 years (range: 49-89) were enrolled. BCR was observed in 22 cases (66%), and 16 cases (48.5%) died during the follow-up time. The results of Spearman correlation test indicated a significant relationship between BCR and treatment cycle, administered dose, HISTO energy, GLCM entropy, and GLZLM LZLGE (p

Herein, we reported a facile, cost efficient, synthesis of Gr@NiCu NCs nanocomposite and explored their application in supercapacitor and antibacterial applications. The Graphene sheets in the NiCu based electrode showed a high specific surface area and supports conductive networks decorated with oxygen groups, which synergistically improve charge storage capability. Furthermore, Gr@NiCu NCs contain hydrophilic oxygen groups of chemically reduced graphene oxide, which allows easy access of the electrolyte to the electrode’s pores. An electrochemical study demonstrated the highest specific capacitance of 977 Fg−1 at 10 Ag-1 and remarkable cyclic retentiveness ∼90% even after 1000 cycles. A noteworthy energy density of the Gr@NiCu NCs achieves approximately 542 KWh kg−1 and a power density of 21 kW kg−1 acquired through the CD description utilizing a current density of 10 Ag-1. The antimicrobial activity of synthesized Gr@NiCu NCs was performed against S. Aureus, E. coli, and MRSA ATCC BAA 1708, P.Aeroginosa (ATCC 27853), S.Mutans (MTCC SM 497) strains compared with ampicillin antibiotic drug. This potent antibacterial activity is attributable to the synergistic apoptosis from Cu2+ and bacteriostatic effect Ni2+ ions with graphene sheet (enhance ROS production), released from Gr@NiCu NCs.

This work demonstrates the fabrication of a highly selective ammonia (NH3) gas sensor based on Graphene/Silver–Silver Oxide/Polypyyrole (Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy) nanocomposite. To archive this objective, a cost-effective, room temperature mediated solution-based synthesis of Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy nanocomposite was exploited as an efficient performance NH3 gas sensor through combining the exceptional electrical characteristics of Graphene and sensing abilities of Ag–Ag2O/PPy. The as-synthesized nanomaterials were examined for relative DC conductivity with ammonia vapors' exposure at room temperature (25 °C) with the electrical signals' changes. The incorporation of Gr/Ag–Ag2O in PPy revealed about 40 times higher amplitude of conductivity change as compared to pristine PPy on exposure to the ammonia vapors. The reversibility response of Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy regarding the DC electrical conductivity with an effective variation range from 9.15 S/cm to 6.48 S/cm was observed in the ambient air on exposure to 1000 ppm of ammonia vapors. Gr/Ag–Ag2O/PPy was shown to offer a more excellent selectivity toward ammonia due to its basicity compared to different volatile organic compounds.

Immuno-positron emission tomography (immunoPET) is a molecular imaging modality combining the high sensitivity of PET with the specific targeting ability of monoclonal antibodies. Various radioimmunotracers have been successfully developed to target a broad spectrum of molecules expressed by malignant cells or tumor microenvironments. Only a few are translated into clinical studies and barely into clinical practices. Some drawbacks include slow radioimmunotracer kinetics, high physiologic uptake in lymphoid organs, and heterogeneous activity in tumoral lesions. Measures are taken to overcome the disadvantages, and new tracers are being developed. In this review, we aim to mention the fundamental components of immunoPET imaging, explore the groundbreaking success achieved using this new technique, and review different radioimmunotracers employed in various solid tumors to elaborate on this relatively new imaging modality.

Abstract Graphene polyindole (Gr@PIn) nanocomposite with varying content of graphene was synthesized via an in‐situ redox polymerization doping technique. The techniques like FT‐IR, XRD, SEM, and TEM were utilized to characterize the produced nanocomposites. The produced nanocomposites were cast on LCS (low carbon steel) substrate employing NMP as a solvent, 10% epoxy as a binder, and triethylenetetramine as a curing agent. The anti‐corrosion ability of the Gr@PIn nanocomposite coatings was established by performing corrosion tests such as OCP, EIS, PDP measurements, Salt spray test, and Wettability test. Gr@PIn coating was observed as an effective anti‐corrosion coating for LCS substrate in 3.5 wt.% NaCl. The anticorrosion behavior of coating was dependent on graphene content; the higher content of graphene providing higher protection. The anticorrosion performance of Gr@PIn nanocomposite coating was also compared with that of Polyindole (PIn) coating and bare steel.

In present study, an isoxazole derivative, namely, (Z)-4-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylidene)-3-methylisoxazol-5(4H)-one referred here as (IOD) has been studied as an environment-friendly corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in acidic medium (1 M HCl). The present work was investigated by gravimetric, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy techniques. Atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirmed the surface morphologies of the MS surface with and without IOD in the acid medium. The inhibition efficiency (I.E.) of IOD was increased by rising its concentration attaining maximum value (96.6%) at 300 ppm at 30 °C and decreases with increasing temperature from 30 °C to 60 °C. The adsorption of studied inhibitor followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The PDP study revealed that the IOD acts as a mixed-type inhibitor with predominating anodic effect. The EIS study confirmed that increasing IOD concentration enhances the charge transfer resistance (Rct) and then reduces the double layer capacitance (Cdl) owing to the development of a protective layer on the MS surface.

The present study aims to explore the effect of 2-nitroacridone, an antimicrobial compound, on low carbon steel (LCS) corrosion in acid solution (1 M HCl). The compound was tested at various concentrations (0.001−10 mM) and five temperatures (25, 35, 45, 55, and 65 °C) to determine the optimal concentration and temperature range for the best corrosion inhibiting effect. In evaluating the inhibition efficiency, weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization measurement, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, SEM/EDAX/AFM and DFT measurements were used. The inhibition efficiency increases with the increase in concentration and decreases with temperature. The maximum inhibition efficiency was found (94.96%) at 25 °C in the presence of 5 mM concentration of the studied compound. The various adsorption isotherms were also explored to find the best fit, which was found to obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The thermodynamic parameters (Ea, Kads, ΔG°ads) have also been calculated and discussed. The potentiodynamic polarization study revealed that 2-nitroacridone behaved as a mix-type of inhibitor that predominantly inhibited the anodic reaction. Moreover, a correlation between the inhibition efficiency of the studied compound and certain molecular parameters were determined by quantum chemical computations.

Background: The diagnostic methods which are used for acute ocular toxoplasmosis are very important; if the treatment is delayed, it sometimes leads to loss of vision. Fewstudies have been performed to evaluate serological tests used in the diagnosis of acute ocular toxoplasmosis. Objective: To evaluate the immunoglobulin (Ig) M, G and IgG avidity tests for diagnosis of acute ocular toxoplasmosis in the northeast of Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2014 to December 2016. After an opthalmic examination was conducted by a retina specialist, 16 typical acute and 34 typical chronic ocular toxoplasmosis cases were included in this study. Information on clinical manifestations, age and occupation was recorded. Anti-Toxoplasma IgG, IgM and IgG avidity tests were administered on serum samples using the ELISA method. Results: Blurring of vision in all patients was the most clinical presentation. The IgG avidity test could diagnose all acute and recent cases. However, three false positive and one false negative result occurred using the IgM test by ELISA. The false negative result in all likelihood occurred because the patient was at the beginning stage of the infection. Conclusion: The result of this study showed that IgM is not a reliable marker of acute disease. Repetition of the serology tests was proposed in cases with clinical manifestations without detectable antibody titer after approximately two weeks. IgG avidity testing results coincided with clinical diagnosis and it could therefore considered to be a reliable method to differentiate between recently acquired and chronic ocular toxoplasmosis.

The aim of this paper is to study the anticorrosive performance of the polymer–surfactants system comprising of mixed solutions of varying concentrations (10–700 ppm) of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose (NaCMC) and fixed concentration (1 ppm) of synthesized oppositely charged biodegradable cationic di-ester bonded gemini surfactants i.e., ethane-1,2-diylbis(N,N-dimethyl-N-alkylammoniumacetoxy)dichloride, referred as m-E2-m, (where m = 12, 14, 16, the number of carbon atoms in alkyl chain and E2 is the di-ester group in gemini’s spacer part), for mild steel in 1 M HCl solution. The inhibition effect of mixed NaCMC - gemini surfactant system was examined using weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarization (PP) measurements, electrochemical impedance (EIS) measurements, surface morphological observation by scanning electron microscopy (), and molecular dynamics simulation study. NaCMC alone was observed to offer moderate inhibition efficiency (IE) of 57.3% at 500 ppm, which was synergistically increased in the presence of very small amount of synthesized gemini surfactants. The improvement in IE was highly dependent on the surfactant tail length; the maximum improvement in IE of 90.1% was observed in presence of 16-E2-16. The adsorption of the studied systems followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm. PP result showed that all the examined systems behave as mixed type inhibitors. EIS results supported the existence of protective layer by the adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the metal surface. The formation of protective layer of studied systems on the mild steel surface was confirmed by FT-IR and SEM results. Molecular dynamics simulation was further performed to provide molecular level insights into the adsorption mechanism with the structure of studied systems. Keywords: Acid corrosion, Inhibition, Natural polymer, Gemini surfactants, Green inhibitor, Synergism, MD simulation

Abstract Following standard experimental (gravimetric measurements, potentiodynamic polarization measurements, electrochemical impedance measurements, spectroscopic measurements, scanning electron microscopy technique) and theoretical (DFT) approach, inhibition effect of L-proline (LPr) and LPr mixed with sodium benzoate (LPr + NaBenz) for mild steel (MS) corrosion in 1M HCl was studied at 30, 40, 50 and 60 °C. The concentration of LPr was varied between 100–600 ppm, whereas that of NaBenz was fixed at 10 ppm. LPr lowered the corrosion rates of MS to a considerable extent. Corrosion mitigating efficacy of LPr is synergistically enhanced on adding NaBenz at all concentrations. Evaluation of polarization parameters suggested that both LPr and LPr + NaBenz act as mixed type inhibitor with more control on cathodic reaction whereas impedance parameters suggested inhibition of metal corrosion by adsorption at the MS/solution interface. Surface microscopic examination of corroded and uncorroded MS coupons supported the protective effect of adsorbed inhibitor layer at the MS surface. Spectroscopic studies are suggestive of the complex formation between inhibitor molecules and the metal. When LPr is combined with NaBenz, the corrosion inhibition rate was improved greatly. Corrosion mitigating efficacy of LPr or LPr mixed with NaBenz obtained by different techniques are in good agreement and correlate well with theoretical quantum chemical descriptors.

Klinkenberg permeability is an important parameter in tight gas reservoirs. There are conventional methods for determining it, but these methods depend on core permeability. Cores are few in number, but well logs are usually accessible for all wells and provide continuous information. In this regard, regression methods have been used to achieve reliable relations between log readings and Klinkenberg permeability. In this work, multiple linear regression, tree boost, general regression neural network, and support vector machines have been used to predict the Klinkenberg permeability of Mesaverde tight gas sandstones located in Washakie basin. The results show that all the four methods have the acceptable capability to predict Klinkenberg permeability, but support vector machine models exhibit better results. The errors of models were measured by calculating three error indexes, namely the correlation coefficient, the average absolute error, and the standard error of the mean. The analyses of errors show that support vector machine models perform better than the other models, but there are some exceptions. Support vector machine is a relatively new intelligence method with great capabilities in regression and classification tasks. Herein, support vector machine was used to predict the Klinkenberg permeability of a tight gas reservoir and the performances of four regression techniques were compared.

Gemini surfactants, butanediyl 1,4-bis(dimethyl cetylammonium bromide), pentanediyl 1,5 - bis (dimethyl cetylammonium bromide) and hexanediyl 1,6 - bis (dimethyl cetylammonium bromide) from Alkanediyl-α, ω-bis (dimethyl cetylammonium bromide) series were synthesized in laboratory and were characterized by using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The surfactants were tested as corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 20% formic acid. The influence of surfactants on mild steel corrosion inhibition was investigated by measuring the corrosion rate of mild steel in their absence and presence by weight loss measurements, solvent analysis of iron ions into the test solution and potentiodynamic polarization measurements. The surface morphology of the corroded steel samples in presence and absence of surfactants was evaluated by using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The synthesized gemini surfactants performed as excellent corrosion inhibitor, the inhibition efficiency (IE) being in the range of 76.66-97.41%. The IE of surfactants is slightly affected by the spacer length. The IE increased with increase in surfactant concentration and temperature. The adsorption of gemini surfactants on the steel surface was found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The results of the potentiodynamic polarization studies are consistent with the results of weight loss studies.

The study was taken up with the objective to synthesize graphene-zinc oxide nano particles (NPs) nanocomposite (Gr@ZnO-Nc) via In-situ synthesis method. The structural, optical, thermal, electrical and photocatalytic properties of the synthesized Gr@ZnO-Nc were studied. The characterization data confirmed that the ZnO NPs were successfully incorporated into the graphene sheets. Further, TGA/DTA results exhibited an enhanced thermal stability of the Gr@ZnO-Nc compared with the graphene. The Gr@ZnO-Nc, graphene sheets were uniformly wrapped by ZnO NPs, which can protect graphene and delay their oxidation in air. The synthesized Gr@ZnO-Nc was used for the efficient photodegradation of a carcinogenic methyl orange (MO) dye. The results exhibited promising photodegradation of the MO dye under UV light irradiation through the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The promising effect of Gr@ZnO-Nc on the photodegradation properties was conferred by the large surface area which increased adsorption capacity, and the strong electron transfer ability. Thus, it is encouraging to conclude that the synthesized Gr@ZnO-Nc has environmental significance with its utility in remediation in the hazardous MO dye.

Background: We sought to conduct this comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance in Iranian medical students and resident physicians. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on 23 December 2023 in PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, and Iranian national databases. We pooled the prevalence of individual studies using the random effect model. Results: Our systematic search showed 36 articles that meet the eligibility criteria. Most included studies were cross-sectional. The most used questionnaire to assess depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance were Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), The Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale—21 Items (DASS-21), and The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), respectively. The overall prevalence of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance among Iranian medical students were 43% (95%CI: 33%–53%%, I2 = 98%), 44% (95%CI: 31%–58%%, I2 = 99%), 48% (95%CI: 39%–56%%, I2 = 97%), respectively. The results of subgroup and meta-regression analyses showed questionnaires used and the place of the medical school were significantly associated with the prevalence of aforementioned outcomes. Funnel plot and Begg's regression test did not show a significant source of funnel plot asymmetry for depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance. Conclusion: In conclusion, our study showed that nearly half of the medical students had some type of depression, anxiety, and sleep disturbance problems. To address this serious national public health issue, efficient preventive measures, routine screenings, and prompt interventions are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The relationship between psychiatric disorders, including depression, and invasive interventions has been a topic of debate in recent literature. While these conditions can impact the quality of life and subjective perceptions of surgical outcomes, the literature lacks consensus regarding the association between depression and objective perioperative medical and surgical complications, especially in the neurosurgical domain. Methods: MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, PsycINFO, and the Cochrane Library were queried in a comprehensive manner from inception until 10 November 2023, with no language restrictions, for citations investigating the association between depression and length of hospitalization, medical and surgical complications, and objective postoperative outcomes including readmission, reoperation, and non-routine discharge in patients undergoing spine surgery. Results: A total of 26 articles were considered in this systematic review. Upon pooled analysis of the primary outcome, statistically significantly higher rates were observed for several complications, including delirium (OR:1.92), deep vein thrombosis (OR:3.72), fever (OR:6.34), hematoma formation (OR:4.7), hypotension (OR:4.32), pulmonary embolism (OR:3.79), neurological injury (OR:6.02), surgical site infection (OR:1.36), urinary retention (OR:4.63), and urinary tract infection (OR:1.72). While readmission (OR:1.35) and reoperation (OR:2.22) rates, as well as non-routine discharge (OR:1.72) rates, were significantly higher in depressed patients, hospitalization length was comparable to non-depressed controls. Conclusions: The results of this review emphasize the significant increase in complications and suboptimal outcomes noted in patients with depression undergoing spinal surgery. Although a direct causal relationship may not be established, addressing psychiatric aspects in patient care is crucial for providing comprehensive medical attention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]