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الهدف: تقييم حساسيّة ونوعيّة التصوير الطبقي المحوري قبل الجراحة في تحديد وجود ضخامة عقد لمفاوية عند مريضات سرطان عنق الرحم. الطرائق: شملت الدراسة بيانات 43 مريضة مصابة بسرطان عنق الرحم، تمّ إجراء التصوير الطبقي المحوري لجميع مريضات الدراسة قبل الجراحة بعد تحديد نمط السرطان نسيجياً. النتائج:تراوحت أعمار المريضات بين 28-75 سنة، الغالبية منهنّ مدخناتوولودات، وكان السرطان شائك الخلايا أشيع الأنماط النسيجيّة لدى المصابات. كانت الحساسيّة والنوعيّة وكل من القيمة التنبؤيّة الإيجابيّة والسلبية للتصوير الطبقي المحوري مرتفعة. الخلاصة: يعتبر التصوير الطبقي المحوري قبل الجراحة أداة تشخيصيّة دقيقة لتحديد وجود ضخامة عقد لمفاوية عند مريضات سرطان عنق الرحم، خاصّةً في البلدان الفقيرة والمجتمعات محدودة الموارد مما يساعد في اختيار الخطة العلاجيةالمناسبة.

Abstract Pipelines subjected to thermal or mechanical loads may fail due to plastic strain accumulation which leads to ratcheting. In this research, cyclic plastic behavior and shakedown limit are investigated experimentally and numerically for a defected pressurized pipe under cyclic bending moment. In the numerical model, the combined isotropic/kinematic hardening model based on the Chaboche model is adopted to represent the cyclic plastic flow of the material. The hardening parameters are determined experimentally and used in the finite element (FE) model. A four-point bending test rig is manufactured to test a pressurized API 5L steel pipe under cyclic bending. An elliptical defect is created by machining to depict corrosion pits in pipes. The plastic strains are measured experimentally and the results are used to tune the parameters of the FE model. The shakedown limit of the defected pipe is determined numerically by tracking the critical points behavior and the results are verified experimentally. Furthermore, the plastic work dissipated energy (PWD) is estimated within the defective structure to study the behavior of the pipe. By running this compatible model, it is found that the yield and the shakedown limits are lowered by mean values of 55% and 25% respectively due to the presence of metal loss defect occupying almost half of the pipe thickness.

Background: Appropriate priority setting in public health and biomedical research is crucial to make decisions for resource allocation and prioritizing the projects. We studied the research gaps and identified priorities for biomedical research in Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences (SabUMS), located in Sabzevar city in the northeastern part of Iran. Materials & Methods: we used both qualitative and quantitative approaches to determine the public health problems and health research priorities.The processes for priority setting included preparation, problem finding, idea generation, data cleaning and statement development, ranking, and dissemination. We used qualitative research and quantitative surveys for problem findings. We organized two workshops with researchers and public health authorities of Sabzevar city for idea generation, defining criteria for priority setting, and ranking of the research ideas. We used national and international recommendations to prepare a list of research priorities in the region for COVID-19. Results: The criteria for priority setting were concerns of the community, magnitude, and urgency of the problem. In addition, feasibility, the possibility of regional and international research collaboration, and the availability of the infrastructure and capacity to conduct research were used for ranking. The final list of priority areas for research in SabUMS included non-communicable diseases, mental health, drug abuse, accidents, and nutrition respectively. COVID-19 was considered a separate area for research. Conclusion: Experience from this study and follow-up reports would provide best practices in research development in low-resource areas and pave the way for evidence-based public health practice.

The present investigation was conducted to study the combining ability and heterosis of F1’s crosses and their parents for yield and its components in seven pea genotypes Via Line X Tester analysis during two growing seasons. Three varieties of pea as lines (Javor, NS minima, Oregon sugar pod) and four varieties as testers (Giant sugar pod, Green sage, Lancet, and Provence) have been crossed to produce 12 F1 crosses, during the first growing season at Qliasan Research Station. Emasculation and crossing were done by hand and sufficient seeds for crosses were produced. During the growing season of 2015-2016, the F1 seeds with their parents were implemented in the field experiment using RCBD with three replicates in Girdjan Research Station, to determine parental combinations through studying the general and specific combining abilities and their variances to improve pea crosses. The results showed that line parent 3 recorded a maximum pod length, and pod yield plant-1, while tester parent 4 produced the maximum values for seed weight pod-1, 100 seeds weight, number of pods plant-1, and seeds yield plant-1. The results indicated that the cross 2×5 produced the maximum values for a number of pods plant-1, pod yield plant-1, and seeds yield plant-1. Parent line 3 showed a maximum negative GCA effect value of -8.92, while tester 7 exhibited a maximum positive GCA effect value of 7.447. Hybrid 2 × 7 had the highest positive heterosis values for two traits number of pods plant-1, and seed yield plant-1.

This research was carried out to study the inheritance of some traits of pea through using (line × tester) mating design, three inbred lines of peas used as (Lines), and other four inbred lines used as (Testers). These inbred lines crossed to produce 12 F1 crosses. During the autumn season of 2014, the parental inbred lines grown, then emasculation and crossing were done by hand and sufficient seeds for crosses were produced. During the growing season of 2015-2016, the F1 seeds of twelve crosses with their parents were implemented in the field experiment using CRBD with three replicates in Girdjan Research Station, to estimate heterosis, general and specific combining abilities effects for parents and hybrids respectively, and genetic parameters for traits: plant height (cm), the number of branches plant-1, the number of days to 50% flowering, the number of days to harvest, number of seeds pod-1, number of pods plant-1, and seed yield plant-1 (g). The results of the analysis showed that the mean square due to genotypes was highly significant for all traits. The tester parent, Giant sugar pod surpassed other parents for plant height, and number of branches plant-1. The hybrid NS minima × Provence gave maximum negative heterosis value for the number of days to harvest. The same hybrid NS minima × Provence had the highest positive heterosis values for two traits a number of pods plant-1, and seed yield plant-1.

The study area is located in the southern desert of Iraq, near the Al-Salman Depression, about 130 km southwest of Al-Samawa City. The Collection of data of this study depends mainly upon field surveys, sample collection of rocks, soil, plants, and animals besides interviews with locals as well as photographing of interesting aspects. The geodiversity of the study area comprises geological features, geomorphological features, soil types, and water resources. The exposed rocks of study area are composed mainly of carbonate rocks, in addition to marl, sandstone, and claystone, which belong to the Middle member of the Dammam Formation (L. Eocene). The main landforms found near the Al-Salman area are flat terrain, depressions (faidhats), wadis, caves, and sinkholes. Three types of soils were recognized; silty clay, clayey silt, and sandy soils. The main water resources are the ephemeral streams (wadis), and water wells in sinkhole, besides the mechanical and hand-dug wells. Geodiversity features formed many habitats in the study area such as Wadi Al-Owja, depressions (faidhats), flat terrain, and sinkhole. The present study reveals that biodiversity includes a wide diversity of plants, invertebrates, and vertebrates. Some species were restricted to certain habitat types in the study area, while other species proved to be more generalist.

As the global trend for healthy eating grows, firms are emphasising dairy functional foods (DFFs). This study looks into the relationship between consumer attitudes and readiness to consume DFFs, taking into account how a healthy lifestyle might both motivate and deter people from using them. Hungary was chosen because consumer behaviour towards functional foods is under-researched in comparison to Western Europe. Data were generated using a survey questionnaire from 313 respondents. The results of Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis revealed that consumer attitudes had a considerable influence on the desire to consume DFFs. Furthermore, the motivators and barriers had a direct influence on willingness through the consumer attitudes that serve as mediators. These findings show the need for targeting consumer attitudes and lifestyle characteristics in order to increase the market acceptance of DFFs.

Background: Frozen sections [FS] analysis is the most often used intraoperative method for analyzing excisions of breast tumors. However, ultrasound may play a pivotal role and avoids the invasiveness.Aim of the Study: The work's objective was to compare the use of FS versus intraoperative ultrasound [IOUS] in determining an appropriate negative margin for conservative breast surgeryPatients and Methods: With the same inclusion and exclusion criteria, we included 30 patients who were divided into two equal groups, the first for FS and marked as [Group-A], and the second group for IOUS and marked as [Group-B]. Results of FZ and IOUS were compared to the results of histopathology. In addition, the operative time, volumetric resection and short-term recurrence were document.Results: The FZ group had a significantly larger mean value of safety margins than the IOUS group, while the pathological group had the lowest mean value. The FZ had a sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 100%, accuracy of 86.7%, positive predictive value [PPV] of 100%, negative predictive value [NPV] of 71.4%, and Kappa agreement of 0.727 [0.389-1.00], with a p-value < 0.05 indicating statistical significance. Moreover, the IOUS group's sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, PPV, and NPV were all 100%. Their Kappa agreement was 1.00 [1.00-1.00], and their p-value [p

This study examines the ethical issues surrounding the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare, specifically nursing, under the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The analysis delves into how GDPR applies to healthcare AI projects, encompassing data collection and decision-making stages, to reveal the ethical implications at each step. A comprehensive review of the literature categorizes research investigations into three main categories: Ethical Considerations in AI; Practical Challenges and Solutions in AI Integration; and Legal and Policy Implications in AI. The analysis uncovers a significant research deficit in this field, with a particular focus on data owner rights and AI ethics within GDPR compliance. To address this gap, the study proposes new case studies that emphasize the importance of comprehending data owner rights and establishing ethical norms for AI use in medical applications, especially in nursing. This review makes a valuable contribution to the AI ethics debate and assists nursing and healthcare professionals in developing ethical AI practices. The insights provided help stakeholders navigate the intricate terrain of data protection, ethical considerations, and regulatory compliance in AI-driven healthcare. Lastly, the study introduces a case study of a real AI health-tech project named SENSOMATT, spotlighting GDPR and privacy issues.

Background: Over the last decade, artificial intelligence in medicine has been growing. Since endometrial cancer can be treated with early diagnosis, finding a non-invasive method for screening patients, especially high-risk ones, could have a particular value. Regarding the importance of this issue, we aimed to investigate the risk factors related to endometrial cancer and find a tool to predict it using machine learning. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 972 patients with abnormal uterine bleeding from January 2016 to January 2021 were studied, and the essential characteristics of each patient, along with the findings of curettage pathology, were analyzed using statistical methods and machine learning algorithms, including artificial neural networks, classification and regression trees, support vector machine, and logistic regression. Results: Out of 972 patients with a mean age of 45.77 ± 10.70 years, 920 patients had benign pathology, and 52 patients had endometrial cancer. In terms of endometrial cancer prediction, the logistic regression model had the best performance (sensitivity of 100% and 98%, specificity of 98.83% and 98.7%, for trained and test data sets respectively,) followed by the classification and regression trees model. Conclusion: Based on the results, artificial intelligence-based algorithms can be applied as a non-invasive screening method for predicting endometrial cancer.

Background: The use of Spirulina platensis has been expanded in various fields. The main goal of this research is to optimize the growth conditions of this microalgae to reduce costs and increase the benefits of its mass production in seawater. It is also feasible to lessen environmental pollution by producing more spirulina by discovering the best growing conditions for it through the enrichment of Persian Gulf water. Methods: First, the growth conditions of Spirulina platensis were optimized based on three factors: temperature, light, and pH. The temperature factor included four treatments, the light factor included four treatments, and the PH factor included five treatments. Also, Spirulina platensis microalgae were cultured in optimal growth conditions in Persian Gulf water, seawater enriched with 5% Zarrouk, 10% Zarrouk, with urea, and pure Zarrouk culture medium. Findings: The best temperature range for the growth of Spirulina platensis was 27–32 degrees Celsius. Also, the best growth was achieved in 16 hours of light and 8 hours of darkness; for the PH factor, the most appropriate value was determined between 10.72 and 11.47. Also, in the cultivation of Spirulina platensis, optimal conditions for the growth of Spirulina microalgae were obtained in the medium of Zarrouk, urea, 10% Zarrouk, 5% Zarrouk, and seawater, respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, the growth of Spirulina platensis in Persian Gulf water is slow and shows little performance, and by enriching this water with the mentioned factors, the microalgae enter the logarithmic phase faster and show better performance.

This paper discusses the design and integration of an elastic sensor sheet for SENSOMATT, a smart device that predicts pressure ulcers caused by prolonged skin pressure. It covers the mechanical and electrical aspects of the sensor sheet design, including material selection, mould and tooling design, and network design. The paper describes testing of different configurations of the sensor sheet and various network structures. The final design of the sensor sheet is successfully constructed and tested, and the article provides a brief introduction to the printed circuit board design and manufacturing process.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is the main cause of infants and children's health problems, in developing countries, high morbidity and mortality rates were reported, Human Bocavirus (HBoV) are enteric viruses that linked to cause AGE. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HBoV infection in children under five years with AGE and to determine its genotypes by using conventional polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequence. Methods: This is a case-control study, the sample was collected from 100 children under 5 years of age suffering from AGE (as case group) and from 100 asymptomatic control children (as control group) from Central Teaching Hospital of Pediatrics from December 2021 to April 2022. Each children’s stool sample taken was stored at -20°C until they were employed in a conventional polymerase chain reaction to identify the HBoV genotypes. Results: The rate of HBoV infection was found in 10% in AGE case group, while none of control group showed positive result. The genetic analysis showed that six of the investigated samples belonging to the HBoV-2 while four of the investigated samples belonging to the HBoV-3. In HBoV infected children, the age range (1-13 months) had most positive cases 5 (50%) and males had a greater infection rate (80%) than females (20%), however, non-significant association was found in regard to age and sex (P>0.05). Conclusion: A low rate of HBoV DNA was detected in children under five years with AGE suggesting that other pathogen may responsible for infection. Keywords: Human Bocavirus, acute gastroenteritis, children, risk factors, sequencing, phylogenetic tree. Citation: Mohammad MY, Al-Shuwaikh AM, Al-Hamdani HTH. Evaluation of Human Bocavirus (HBoV) as a cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under 5 years: A case-control study. Iraqi JMS. 2023; 21(2): 200-207. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.21.2.8

Minister of Transportation Regulation Number 25 of 2020 on Transportation Control during the Idul Fitri Homecoming Year 1441 Hijri in the context of Preventing the Spread of COVID-19. This Regulation of the Minister of Transportation Number 25 of 2020 regulates the transportation system during the Large-Scale Social Restrictions (PSBB) implementation, especially related to the 2020 Idul Fitri Homecoming. The formulation of the problem in this study: first, how could the elements of actions be categorized as violations of criminal law norms? second, could the violation of the prohibition of homecoming be categorized as a violation in the criminal law?. The purpose of this study is to find out that violations of the homecoming ban have met the elements that can be categorized as violations of criminal law norms. The research method used normative legal research for this research and used the Theory of Legal Effectiveness for the theory. This study concludes that: First, an act that can be categorized as a violation of criminal law, then there must be elements of a criminal act, both from a theoretical and legal point of view. Second, that the Ministerial Regulation (Permen) cannot contain criminal provisions.

Silver nanoparticles were prepared by the chemical reduction method. Silver nitrate was taken as a metal precursor and sodium borohydride as a reducing agent with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) stabilizers of different concentrations, polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP). X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) techniques have been used, these measurement results showed that the prepared material is silver nanoparticles. The average size of silver nanoparticles using the Scherrer equation with values ranging from 8.49-12.15nm. TEM images showed that the silver nanoparticles are spherical in size between 5-47nm. Nanoscale distribution of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) prepared at different concentrations was studied by AFM. Silver nanoparticles showed high antimicrobial and antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria such as Escherichia Coli and Gram-negative Staphylococcus aureus, whose bacterial activity was dependent on the concentration of PVA and PVP and the degree of intramolecular accumulation. Low concentrations of PVP lead to increase the activity, while high concentrations of PVA give better activity.

With regards to the increase in stiffness for the asphalt mixture containing RAP, the improvement of rutting is predictable, but with increasing aging level and increasing stiffness in mixtures containing high percentages of RAP, problems such as cracking at low and intermediate temperatures is formed in the long-term. In this study, the long-term fracture performance of WMA mixtures containing high percentage of RAP at 250c was evaluated using a SCB test. To conduct the research, different amounts of RAP (0, 50, 75, and 100%), a rejuvenator, Zycotherm as WMA additive and 85/100 asphalt binder were used. To apply different levels of aging, the samples were kept in the oven for 3, 5, 7 and 9 days at 850 C. The results showed that with increasing the amount of RAP and the aging level of the samples, the Pcr and the KIC increased, but the U decreased. Also, in order to compare the long-term performance of asphalt mixtures containing different percentages of RAP, the area under the Jc - aging is determined and it was concluded that in the long-term, samples without RAP show 8, 34, and 52% more resistance to cracks than samples containing 50, 75, and 100% RAP.

Background: Microalbuminuria, used as a marker of endothelial dysfunction, is a predictor of mortality and of cardiovascular events. Microalbuminuria (MAB) in chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD) is attributed to generalized endothelial dysfunction as a result of systemic inflammation, which could be a significant marker for early cardiovascular abnormality. Objectives: Study the relationship between microalbuminuria and disease class in subjects with COPD classified according to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) 2018 “A, B, C, D” classification in absence of hypertension and diabetes ,and to Evaluate the clinical features that may predict cardiovascular risk in subjects with COPD. Setting: Chest Department and outpatient clinic, Beni-Suef University Hospital. Methods: Prospective Study included 60 patients who were diagnosed as COPD by Pulmonary function tests. All patients were subjected to clinical examination, Chest x ray, spirometry and Urinary albumin/creatinine ratio. Results: Urinary albumin/creatinine ratios were significantly higher in subjects who have more symptoms and high future risk (categories C, D) than in those with fewer symptoms and low future risk (categories A, B). A Significant differences were noted when the subjects were grouped based on PaO2 (65mmHg), PaCO2 (41mmHg), arterial oxygen saturation (92%), FEV1 (median split 60%). There was a statistically significant strong negative correlation between the alb/creat ratio and FEV1% (r=-0.937, p=0.000), PaO2 (r=-0.929, p=0.000) and SaO2(r=-0.934,p=0.000). There was a statistically significant strong positive correlation between the alb/creat ratio and Severity of COPD Gold categories (r=0.931, p=0.000), PaCO2 (r=0.930, p=0.000) and number of hospital admissions last year (r=0.946, p=0.000). There was a highly significant association between high level alb/creat ratio and the presence of pulmonary hypertension (P

In many organizational interactions,the employee and the organization have different understandings of the obligations of each party and how to fulfill their obligations.Divergence of these perceptions can lead to misunderstandings,conflicts and even breaches of contract.The main purpose of this study is to "provide a framework for stabilizing the employee-organization relationship,studied:Snapp".This research is applied-developmental in terms of purpose and mixed method in terms of approach and descriptive-survey in terms of data collection method.The statistical population used in this study were Snapp managers and experts in middle and senior levels and the sample size was 15 Snapp organizational experts.To select these people,targeted sampling and snowball sampling methods were used.In this study,interpretive structural modeling(ISM) and MICMAC analysis were used to identify the criteria and explore the relationships between them,After studying the literature and conducting in-depth semi-structured interviews with the sample size.Findings of the study showed the extraction of six components "employee characteristics,cultural characteristics,structural factors, governance model, policy rationality and environmental context" in a four-level ISM graph. Environmental contexts and policy rationality were identified as the most effective components and employee characteristics as the most impressive component in stabilizing the relationship between the employee and the organization.

In the era where paying attention to information and data in organizations leads to the growth of performance and a positive attitude towards the organization, in large government organizations we see a lack of attention to data and data-driven, which will lead to the benefit of the organization-based organization. The present study was conducted to identify and model the challenges of establishing a data-driven culture in Iranian government organizations in order to remove barriers and establish a data-driven culture in these organizations. Government organizations in the present study (scope of research) means organizations subordinated to the Ministry of Defense (VDJA). This applied-descriptive research has been done in the paradigm of interpretivism and with a mixed approach (qualitative-quantitative). Data were collected using existing knowledge resource study methods, semi-structured interviews and interpretive structural questionnaires and analyzed using oriented qualitative content analysis and interpretive structural modeling. The statistical population of the present study in both quantitative and qualitative parts of this study included experts in organizational culture and data science in defense organizations, which was conducted by purposive sampling method and until the theoretical saturation of 16 interviews. The content of the content analysis was provided to the experts in order to check the validity of the extracted dimensions and components, and the necessary adjustment was performed. The reliability of the content analysis output was measured by the Holstie method with a coefficient of 0.8. The result led to the design of a model of challenges to establishing a data-driven culture in defense organizations. Findings showed that the eight dimensions of organizational, decision making, data context, environmental culture, management, strategic, logistics, individual - personality are important and key challenges in establishing a data-driven culture that these dimensions form the integrated model. They interact with each other. The results also showed that the most effective and influential dimension is environmental culture and the dimensions of logistics, data texture and individual-personality components were the most effective dimensions. The structural-interpretive model itself has the required reliability and validity and there is no reason to examine them.

This Research aimed to know the level of questions used by students and to know the student’s factors to ask questions in classroom at sixth semesters at Madako University. This research employed descriptive qualitative research. The samples of the research were five students at class A which were selected purposively. The techniques for collecting data used observation checklist, interview, and documentation. The obtained data were percentage and analyzed based on interactive model of Miles & Huberman, some steps among data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The result of the observation showed that C1 (remembering) (13.3%), C2 (understanding) (26.6%), (analyzing) (33.4%), and (evaluating) (26.7%), while analyzing was a level the most frequently used by the students. The result of interview there were two factors namely: internal and external in internal factor the researcher found that Interest and motives of student curiosity. In external factor that the researcher found lecturer’s factor (motivation of the lecturer) and environmental’s factor. Therefore, the researcher conclude that the student at sixth semester at Madako University have the skill of questions in level medium because most of them only used questions analysis, and they have two factors to ask question, they are internal and external factors.

In this paper, we present triple cation perovskites because it has excellent stability and PV performance. To characterize the triple-cation perovskite solar cells, X-ray diffraction, Field emission scanning electron microscope, and Ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy were used. The performance of perovskite solar cells was improved by reducing graphene oxide/bismuth oxide mixed mesoporous titanium dioxide as an effective electron transport layer. The perovskite layer deposited onto modified TiO2 layer showed a larger grain size with better crystalline nature. The optimum device has fabricated at room temperature without a glove box and obtained a power conversion efficacy of 17%.

تصنف تيتانات الباريوم كأشهر المواد الفيروكهربائية، وأكثرها استخداماً في التطبيقات العلمية والتكنولوجية نظراً لخصائصها الفريدة، وامكانية تعديلها والتحكم بها من خلال الإشابة، وطرق التحضير. فالغاية من البحث استخدام تقنية حيود الأشعة السينية XRD لدراسة تأثير الإشابة بالقصدير على خصائصها البنيوية، والمجهرية. حضرت العينات BTSx بطريقة تفاعل الحالة الصلبة عند درجة حرارة تكليس 1150°C ولمدة ساعتين. أظهرت مخططات XRD تشكل بنية البيروفسكايت للمحلول الصلب BTSx، وانتقال البنية من النظام البلوي الرباعي إلى المكعبي عند النسبة x=0.1. استخدم كل من طريقة شيرر، ووليامسون هول، ومخطط الحجم والانفعال لتحليل القمم في مخططات XRD، وحساب حجم التبلور، والانفعال الميكروي، وكثافة الانخلاعات في البنية البلورية. اختلفت الطرق المستخدمة بالنتائج، واتفقت بأن أصغر قيمة لحجم التبلور عند النسبة x=0.05، ويقابل أعلى كثافة انخلاعات. بينت طريقة مخطط الحجم والانفعال تزايد الانفعالات في البنية بتزايد نسب القصدير.

Resumen: Se presenta el caso de un varón de 76 años con endocarditis precoz sobre una bioprótesis aórtica por Propionibacterium acnes. El diagnóstico se estableció con base en el cuadro clínico de fiebre y escalofríos, los hallazgos ecocardiográficos de vegetaciones y absceso periprotésico y el hemocultivo positivo. El paciente fue reintervenido, resecando la bioprótesis y administrando antibióticos durante seis semanas. La evolución postoperatoria fue satisfactoria. Nueve años después de la intervención, el sujeto se encuentra asintomático y sin signos de recidiva. Se comentan algunos aspectos relacionados con la patogenia, el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. Abstract: We report the case of a 76-year-old male patient who presented with early prosthetic aortic valve endocarditis due to Propionibacterium acnes. Diagnosis was established based on clinical picture of high temperature and positive blood cultures associated with echocardiographic findings of prosthetic valve vegetations and perivalvular abscess. Patient underwent redo sternotomy and re-replacement of the aortic valve bioprosthesis. He received a full course of antibiotics for six weeks and his postoperative course was uneventful. After follow-up for nine years, the patient has remained asymptomatic without any signs of recurrence. Some aspects related to the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of this condition are discussed.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorder refers to a wide range of nervous system disorders. Autistic patients often have a defective antioxidant defense system and manifest symptoms of impaired cognitive interaction. Camel milk has numerous beneficial nutrients and has been used in the treatment of autism. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of camel milk on the antioxidant activity and enzymes of autistic rats. Methods: Pregnant rats were intraperitoneally injected on embryonic day 12.5 with valproic acid (VPA; 500 mg/kg) to induce an autistic state. In addition, 18 male offspring rats were injected with risperidone (0.2 mg/kg) three times per week. Six of these cases were fed daily with raw camel milk (10 ml/kg), and six others were fed with pasteurized camel milk for 42 days. Social interaction and repetitive behaviors were measured using the Y-maze based on catalase (CAT) activity, glutathione (GSH) level, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity at the outset and after the treatment period. Results: Behavioral symptoms (impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviors) were evident after VPA administration. After receiving treatment, impaired social interaction and repetitive behaviors significantly improved in the autistic rats (P

Introduction: Research has shown that gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) can damage the physiological processes of brain tissue. Given the antioxidant properties of Gingerol (GING), this study aimed to determine the protective effect of 6-gingerol on hippocampal levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF), Nerve Growth Factor (NGF), DNA oxidative damage, and the amount of Bax and Bcl2 apoptosis indices of rats exposed to AuNPs. Methods: A total of 42 male Wistar rats were divided into four groups: control (30 days 0.5 mL saline), AuNPs (one time injection of 0.5 mL AuNPs, 200 ppm and 60 Nm + 30 days 0.5 mL saline), AuNPs+GING 50 (one time injection of 0.5 mL AuNPs, 200 ppm and 60 Nm + 30 days 0.5 mL density of gingerol 50 mg/kg), and AuNPs+GING100 (one time injection of 0.5 mL AuNPs, 200 ppm and 60 Nm + 30 days 0.5 mL density of gingerol 100 mg/kg). At the end of the treatment period, the hippocampal levels of NGF, BDNF, 8-hydroxy-desoxyguanosine (8-HOdG), and apoptotic indices of Bax and Bcl-2 were assessed with the ELISA method. Results: Compared with the AuNPs group, hippocampal levels of BDNF, NGF, and Bcl-2 in rats in the AuNPs+GING 50 and AuNPs+GING 100 groups significantly increased dose-dependently. However, the hippocampal levels of Bax and 8-HOdG significantly decreased dose-dependently (P

This study presents a dataset containing three layers of data that are useful for body position classification and all uses related to it. The PoPu dataset contains simultaneously collected data from two different sensor sheets—one placed over and one placed under a mattress; furthermore, a segmentation data layer was added where different body parts are identified using the pressure data from the sensors over the mattress. The data included were gathered from 60 healthy volunteers distributed among the different gathered characteristics: namely sex, weight, and height. This dataset can be used for position classification, assessing the viability of sensors placed under a mattress, and in applications regarding bedded or lying people or sleep related disorders.

In this study, the average climate data of meteorological stations including temperatures of the warmest and coldest months of the year, precipitation regime, potential evapotranspiration and UNEP aridity index has been used to map Iran's climate zones. In this regard, climate variable of air temperature, relative humidity, potential evapotranspiration, and precipitation characteristics of 303 meteorological stations throughout Iran was used on monthly and annual time’s scales. The annual aridity index in each site was calculated using the United Nations Environment Program (UNEP) index. Then, the temperature characteristics of the warmest and coldest months of the year were coded. Results show a very high climatic diversity throughout Iran. In this model, Iran's climate was divided into 27 categories. Based on aridity index, Iran has seven climates zones. There are 30 cities with hyper-arid climate. This climate type has three climate territories and occupies about 3.4 percent of the country's territory. The arid zone with five climate territories cover about 23.7 percent of the country and dominates 95 cities. The semi-arid climate with 6 climatic territories accounts for about 39.6 percent and dominates 113 cities. The dry sub-humid zone with four climate territories and covers about 17.3 percent and dominates 30 cities. Nine cities have a semi-humid climate with three climatic territories which accounts for about 8.9%. The humid climate with four climate territories covers about 5.8 % and dominates 13 cities. The very humid climate with 2 climatic territories accounts for about 1.3% and represents the climate type of the 12 cities.

The pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) is related to its low molecular weight proteins mainly ESAT6 and CFP10 that are highly specific and potentially useful for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. This research focused on isolation, purification, and characterization of low molecular weight proteins from Mtb. Cultures of Mtb were inactivated by heating at 68 °C for 90 min and 100 °C for 3 hrs, respectively. Inactivated cultures were filtered and the proteins in the supernatant fluid precipitated with two rounds of ammonium sulfate, at 4 °C. The collected precipitates were dialyzed and subjected to gel chromatography (G-50) and the obtained fractions were analyzed for protein concentrations and molecular weight. ESAT6 and CFP10 protein complex in the purified fraction was confirmed by Western blotting. Guinea pig sensitization assay was used for estimating the potency of the purified fraction compared to the standard PPD. The maximum amount of low molecular weight proteins were precipitated by 20% ammonium sulfate. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed protein bands of approximately 10-15 kDa. The purity of the proteins was ≥95%, as confirmed by SDS-PAGE. The presence of the ESAT-6/CFP10 complex was confirmed by Western blot analysis. The purified fractions showed no cross-reaction with BCG or M. avium strain. ESAT-6/CFP-10 purified by the ammonium sulfate method appeared to be suitable for the development of a diagnostic kit for the detection of Mtb.

Objectives: Basil (Ocimum basilicum), which has antispasmodic properties, has been introduced in traditional medicine as a suitable medicine for diarrhea and vomiting. The present study was performed to determine the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of basil on colon histology and severity of diarrhea in rats. Methods: In this experimental study, 56 male Wistar 200±5 g rats were randomly divided into seven equal groups. Solvent group (physiological serum), diphenoxylate group (5 mg/kg), and five groups receiving basil hydroalcoholic extract in doses (100, 200, 400, 600, 800 mg/kg). One hour after taking the drugs, castor oil 2 ml per animal was fed by gavage. The animals were then kept in separate cages for 4 hours and the indicators of excretion number, weight loss percentage, fecal water content and inhibition percentage were recorded. Mice were anesthetized with ether one hour after diarrhea studies and the isolated colon tissue was evaluated microscopically. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and then Tukey test. Level P Results: Diphenoxylate gavage and extracts of 200 and 400 mg/kg, could improve diarrhea caused by castor oil. Histological studies showed that although there was no significant difference between the different groups, the amount (800 mg / kg) of the extract could increase the thickness of the colon wall to some extent. Conclusion: The results show that the hydroalcoholic extract of Ocimum basilicum has diphenoxylate-like properties in reducing the osmotic symptoms of diarrhea and the volume of water excreted, and in the short term can have little effect on colon wall thickness.

Abstract Background Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) is recommended at the initial phase for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum, to reduce morbidity and mortality in all countries where malaria is endemic. Polymorphism in portions of P. falciparum gene encoding kelch (K13)-propeller domains is associated with delayed parasite clearance after ACT. Of about 124 different non-synonymous mutations, 46 have been identified in Southeast Asia (SEA), 62 in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and 16 in both the regions. This is the first study designed to analyse the prevalence of polymorphism in the P. falciparum k13-propeller domain in the Jazan region of southwest Saudi Arabia, where malaria is endemic. Methods One-hundred and forty P. falciparum samples were collected from Jazan region of southwest Saudi Arabia at three different times: 20 samples in 2011, 40 samples in 2016 and 80 samples in 2020 after the implementation of ACT. Plasmodium falciparum kelch13 (k13) gene DNA was extracted, amplified, sequenced, and analysed using a basic local alignment search tool (BLAST). Results This study obtained 51 non-synonymous (NS) mutations in three time groups, divided as follows: 6 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) ‘11.8%’ in samples collected in 2011 only, 3 (5.9%) in 2011and 2016, 5 (9.8%) in 2011 and 2020, 5 (9.8%) in 2016 only, 8 (15.7%) in 2016 and 2020, 14 (27.5%) in 2020 and 10 (19.6%) in all the groups. The BLAST revealed that the 2011 isolates were genetically closer to African isolates (53.3%) than Asian ones (46.7%). Interestingly, this proportion changed completely in 2020, to become closer to Asian isolates (81.6%) than to African ones (18.4%). Conclusions Despite the diversity of the identified mutations in the k13-propeller gene, these data did not report widespread artemisinin-resistant polymorphisms in the Jazan region where these samples were collected. Such a process would be expected to increase frequencies of mutations associated with the resistance of ACT.

BackgroundA critical unmet need for underserved patients with diabetes is regular access to sufficient support for diabetes self-management. Although advances in digital technologies have made way for eHealth applications that provide a scalable path for tailored interventions for self-management of chronic conditions, health and digital literacy has remained an obstacle to leveraging these technologies for effective diabetes self-management education. Studies have shown that the availability of coaches helps to maintain engagement in internet-based studies and improves self-efficacy for behavior change. However, little is known about the substances involved in these interactions. ObjectiveThis study aims to compare the content of conversations between patient–coach pairs that achieved their self-management goals and those that did not. The context is a clinical implementation study of diabetes self-management behavior change using Health360x within the practices of the Morehouse Choice Accountable Care Organization in the Atlanta metro area. Health360x is a coach-assisted consumer health information technology designed to support self-management skills acquisition and behavior among underserved, high-risk patients with diabetes. MethodsWe provide a novel analysis of the discursive emphasis on patients and coaches. We examined transcripts of visits using a structural topic model to estimate topic content and prevalence as a function of patient and coach characteristics. We compared topics between patient–coach pairs that achieved diabetes-related self-management goals and those who did not. We also estimated a regression in which utterances are the units, the dependent variable is the proportion of an utterance that is about a given topic, and the independent variables are speaker types and explored other themes. ResultsTranscripts from 50 patients who were recruited and consented, starting in February 2015, were analyzed. A total of 44 topics were estimated for patient–coach pairs that achieved their intended health goals and 50 topics for those who did not. Analysis of the structural topic model results indicated that coaches in patient–coach pairs that were able to achieve self-management goals provided more contextual feedback and probed into patients’ experience with technology and trust in consumer information technologies. We also found that discussions around problem areas and stress, support (βCoach=.015; P

Planning of the electric distribution networks is complex and about upgrading the system to satisfy the demand and constraints with the best economic plan. The planning alternatives include the expansion of substations, installing new distributed generation (DG) facilities, upgrading distribution feeders, etc. In the modern networks, distribution planners must gain the confidence of the reversibility of the investment where renewable energy resources (RERs) inject clean and cost-effective electrical power to respond to the rising demand and satisfy environmental standards. This paper is an exhaustive review on the distribution network expansion planning (DEP) including the modelling of DEP (possible objective functions, problem constraints, different horizon time, and problem variables), optimization model (single/multi-objective), the expansion of distributed energy resources (DERs), problem uncertainties, etc. We discuss the requirements of integrated energy district master planning to avoid conflicts between the goal of independence of district planning on energy, e.g. heat and electricity, and that of dependencies on the local electric utilities regarding instant power balance and stability services. Finally, we describe the primary future R&D trends in the field of distribution network planning.

A three-dimensional numerical simulation of regular waves passing over a monopile with square and circular cross-sectional shape was carried out to investigate flow field and vortex induced vibration. The rectangular wave flume and monopile are modeled with a solver; available in the open-source CFD toolkit OpenFOAM®. This solver applies the Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations with the volume of fluid technic (VOF) for tracking free surface. The motion equation together with mesh deformation was applied to capture monopile displacement. To validate the numerical model, results were compared to experimental data, and an admissible agreement was seen. Computations were conducted for four cases with two different wave characteristics and different Keulegan-Carpenter (KC) numbers for square and circular cross-sectional shape. Vorticity field and Q criterion around the square and circular pile were depicted. It was seen that when KC increased, the difference in vortices around the square and the circular pile was more distinct. Investigations continued on transverse force coefficient and its oscillations. It was seen that by increasing KC, this coefficient and its frequency increased. When KC=20, the lift coefficient is larger for square pile compared to the circular pile. For both square and circular cross-sectional shape, the number of pile oscillation increased by increasing KC number. Also, the Strouhal number and vortex shedding frequency were larger for the circular pile compared to that of the square pile in vortex shedding regime. However, cross-flow vibration frequencies of the square and circular pile were close together.

Background and purpose: Cervical cancer is the third leading cause of cancer-related death in women. There are not enough information about the trends of this cancer in Iran, so, this study aimed to investigate the incidence and trends of changes in incidence of cervical cancer in Iran. Materials and methods: This study was a reanalysis of existing data (2003-2009) obtained from the National Cancer Registry in Iran. The incidence rates were standardized based on population as suggested by World Health Organization. Then, the incidence trend of cervical cancer was determined by STATA. Results: An increasing trend of cervical cancer was seen between 2003 and 2008 while a descending trend of the disease was observed in 2008- 2009. A total of 4273 cases of cervical cancer were registered in Iran. The number of people who developed the disease raised from 394 in 2003 to 907 in 2009, showing a three-fold increase. Conclusion: According to current study, the incidence of cervical cancer is increasing in Iran, especially in central regions. Therefore, early detection through screening programs and trainings, particularly in patients at higher risk of cervical cancer is recommended.

Three-dimensional numerical simulation of regular waves passing over cylindrical monopile has been conducted to investigate the hydrodynamic force and vortex dynamics. To do so, the rectangular wave flume and monopile is modeled on a solver; available in the open-source CFD toolkit OpenFOAM®. The solver applied RANS equations with VOF method for tracking free surface. Model validation has been done by comparison numerical results with the experimental ones and admissible agreement has been seen. Computations have been done for four cases with different wave characteristics consequently for different Keulegan-Carpenter numbers (KC). Hydrodynamic in-line force acting upon pile was studied and the results indicated that the total in-line force increases as KC number increases. In addition, when vortex shedding develops, drag force component increases and inertia force component decreases. The vortex dynamics around the pile was investigated by means of Q criterion and vorticity field. It was seen that by increasing KC number larger than 6, vortex shedding will be happened. Moreover, variation of bed shear stress around the pile has been investigated and it was seen that the bed shear stress is influenced by KC number which is result of existence of horseshoe vortices. The bed shear stress near the pile is negative due to existing of the horseshoe vortex. It begins when KC exceeds 6 and by increasing KC up to 20, the magnitude of negative values of bed shear stress near the pile increased which implies horse shoe vortices are completely formed. This also complies the experimental results.

Objectives: The currently available agents for use against toxoplasmosis have serious limitations. Thus, the aim of the present study was to investigate the anti-Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) activities of methanol extracts of Feijoa sellowiana (F. sellowiana) (leaves and fruits), Quercus castaneifolia (Q. castaneifolia) (fruits), and Allium paradoxum (A. paradoxum) (leaves) in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Vero cells were treated with different concentrations (from 0 to 400 μg/mL) of the above extracts or with pyrimethamine at a dose of 50 mg/mL (positive control). Then, the viabilities of the T. gondii-infected cells were measured by using colorimetric MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) assays. In addition, the survival rates of mice acutely infected with 2 × 104 RH strain tachyzoites of T. gondii were examined in vivo after intraperitoneal injection of the extracts at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Results: In the in vitro anti- T. gondii assay, the IC50 values were 12.77, 180.2, 74.73, 213.2 and 163.8 μg/mL, and the selectivity indices were 6.05, 1.31, 0.35, 0.69 and 1.30 for the F. sellowiana (leaves and fruits), Q. castaneifolia, and A. paradoxum extracts and pyrimethamine, respectively. Moreover, the mice treated with F. sellowiana (leaves and fruits) achieved better results in terms of survival than the others (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The results of the current study indicate that methanol extract of F. sellowiana has significant anti-Toxoplasma activity. Further study should be conducted to investigate the potential bioactivity of this extract through bioactivity-guided fractionation.

Background and purpose: Nerve growth factor (NGF), as neurotrophin, has a role in response of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis to stress. In this study, we investigated the role of NGF by inhibiting nerve growth factor anxiety-like behaviors induced by forced swim stress in rats. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats (200-250 g) were randomly divided into four groups (Control group: vehicle group and treatment groups: 10, 50 and 100 µM of AVG 879 tyrphostin). Intraventricular injection of vehicle and AVG 879 is exerted before force swim stress. Morris water Maze was used to investigate anxiety levels. Data was analyzed by STATISTICA V 5.5 usig ANOVA test. Results: The duration time in closing arm reduced in the group that received AG-879 at low concentrations (10 and 50 μM) (P< 0.05), while it increased in the group that received Tyrphostin at 100 μM (P< 0.05). Also, the time duration in the open arm significantly increased in rats that had AG-879 at 10 and 50 μM, but at 100 µM of the drug this parameter decreased (P< 0.05). Conclusion: Exposure to stress increased anxiety-related behavior. Compared with the control group, anxiety-like behaviors reduced in the groups that received nerve growth factor inhibitor.

Introduction Radiofrequency planar microcoils are used to increase the resolution of magnetic resonance images of small samples. In this study, we aimed to design and fabricate a spiral planar microcoil constructed on a double-sided printed circuit board (PCB). It has four rings with an internal diameter of 241 microns tuned and matched at 63.8 MHz. Materials and Methods To achieve the maximum signal-to- noise ratio (SNR) and quality factor of the coil, its geometry was optimized based on parameters such as width (w) and thickness (h) of the copper rings, the distance between the rings, inner radius of the microcoil (Ri), and the number (N) of coil rings by using COMSOL, ADS, and MATLAB software packages. Results Our findings indicated that the Q factor and SNR of the coil at resonance frequency of 63.8 MHz are 63.149 and 168.23, respectively, which are higher than the equivalent features of the pervious coils. In addition, to evaluate the function of matching and tuning circuit, reflection coefficient factor (S11) of the coil was experimentally measured to be -48 dB at resonance frequency of 63.8 MHz, which is consistent with the simulated value. Conclusion In this study, a new microcoil was designed and fabricated to produce images of very small samples and volumes in microliter dimensions. The results showed that this new microcoil has superior capability in imaging very small samples compared to the conventional coils applied in magnetic resonance imaging devices.

ABSTRACT Background and Objectives: sperm motility mainly depends on aerobic glycolysis, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is a key enzyme in the last step of this process. On the other hand, fructose is considered as the main energy source for sperm motility. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the LDH activity and fructose levels and their correlation with sperm motion parameters in normospermic and asthenozospermic males. Methods: In this case-control study, 96 normospermic and 96 asthenozospermic males were enrolled. The semen samples were analyzed by computer assisted semen analysis to identify sperm motion parameters. Seminal plasma fructose levels were measured using Seliwanoffchr('39')s test. LDH activity in the samples was evaluated using commercially available kits. The obtained data were analyzed by SPSS software (version 16). Results: The levels of LDH activity and fructose concentration were not different between the two groups. There was no correlation found between LDH activity and fructose concentration or sperm motility parameters. However, LDH was significantly correlated with sperm concentration in both groups. Conclusion: Although LDH activity and fructose levels seem to be influenced by sperm motility, other factors such as sperm concentration and total sperm count can also affect their seminal plasma levels. Thus, when the sperm concentrations are equal in study groups, the level of these factors are expected to be equal. Keywords: Lactate Dehydrogenase, Fructose, Sperm Motility, CASA.

Abstract: INTRODUCTION Characterization of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) isolates by DNA fingerprinting has contributed to tuberculosis (TB) control. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity of MTB isolates from Tehran province in Iran. METHODS MTB isolates from 60 Iranian and 10 Afghan TB patients were fingerprinted by standard IS6110-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis and spoligotyping. RESULTS The copy number of IS6110 ranged from 10-24 per isolate. The isolates were classified into 22 clusters showing ≥ 80% similarity by RFLP analysis. Fourteen multidrug-resistant (MDR) isolates were grouped into 4 IS6110-RFLP clusters, with 10 isolates [71% (95% CI: 45-89%)] in 1 cluster, suggesting a possible epidemiological linkage. Eighteen Iranian isolates showed ≥ 80% similarity with Afghan isolates. There were no strains with identical fingerprints. Spoligotyping of 70 isolates produced 23 distinct patterns. Sixty (85.7%) isolates were grouped into 13 clusters, while the remaining 10 isolates (14.2%) were not clustered. Ural (formerly Haarlem4) (n = 22, 31.4%) was the most common family followed by Central Asian strain (CAS) (n = 18, 25.7%) and T (n = 9, 12.8%) families. Only 1strain was characterized as having the Beijing genotype. Among 60 Iranian and 10 Afghan MTB isolates, 25% (95% CI: 16-37) and 70% (95% CI: 39-89) were categorized as Ural lineage, respectively. CONCLUSIONS A higher prevalence of Ural family MTB isolates among Afghan patients than among Iranian patients suggests the possible transmission of this lineage following the immigration of Afghans to Iran.

Background & Objective: Hidden curriculum is a relatively new and very enlightening concept raised by curriculum experts in recent years The aim of the present study was to investigate the hidden curriculum of the doctoral degree and hidden factors of choosing a supervisor Methods: This was a qualitative research performed using the phenomenological method The study data were collected through semistructured interviews In this study all doctoral graduates who had passed the research period (n = 45) were selected using purposive sampling method For data analysis the Strauss and Corbin (1997) method was used (open coding and axial coding) Results: In this study 230 themes were obtained and divided into 5 main categories ( negligence of main tasks lack of social and economic justice inequality of universities lack of communication across borders and lack of equal facilities) and several subcategories Conclusion: The results showed that numerous factors can affect the academic process in universities during this period Therefore more contemplation is necessary during this period

Orexin is produced exclusively in the lateral hypothalamus, where it is known to be involved in pain modulation through brain stem. Due to the important role of this peptide in functions such as eating, sleeping and awaking, addiction, it attracted the attention of researchers in medical sciences specially neuroscientists. These hypothalamic peptides play a critical role in arousal in stressful situations and in pain modulation. Moreover, orexin receptors (OXRs) have been found in many brain structures involved in pain processing. In the present study, the role of orexin in stress-induced analgesia is reviewed. Although, intracerebroventricular or spinal injection of orexin-A have been shown to elicit analgesic responses; however, the locations of central sites that may mediate these effects have not been clearly elucidated. On the other hand, it is unclear in which stressful situations the nociceptive information is altered. It seems that in stressful situations, orexin expression increases which increases arousal, and thus, leads to elevation of animal performance and nociceptive signals blockage, which improve performance in stressfulsituations. It is well-established that the acute and chronic forms of stress can affect the orexin system and might be responsible for changes in both pain threshold and nociceptive behaviors. It is suggested that OXR1 might be involved in antinociception behaviors induced by stress. This review highlights the significant role of OXR1 as a novel target for treatment of stress-related disorders.

Background & Objective: Hidden curriculum is one of the new topics presented by scholars of curriculum development during recent years In this study the criteria for selecting a supervisor were studied through experiences gained by PhD students Methods: This research is a qualitative and a phenomenological study The study participants consisted of 54 graduated PhD students from both medical and nonmedical state and Azad universities Data were collected using semistructured interviews and analyzed using Colaizzi method Moreover simple random sampling method was used Thus the present study focused on the hidden experiences of PhD students on selecting a supervisor Results: In this study 12 main categories were extracted from 123 common factors of this investigation These categories consisted of behavioral and ethical characteristics executive positions scientific positions being wellknown or famous and having access to supervisors skill and mastery in research and statistics specialty and expertise in a specific field access to senior students and limitations and constraints gender supportive ability of supervisors and the anticipating the future Conclusion: The results showed that hidden factors such as ethical and behavioral characteristics of supervisors or professors their academic and scientific ranks governing laws on the universities guidelines and regulations of the universities informal networks and the possible supports and limitations can affect the selection of a supervisor

Background. Ascaris lumbricoides is the most common parasitic infection in human. The worm is usually located in the small intestine, but may invade into the pancreatic or biliary tree, but rarely into gallbladder because of the anatomic features of the cystic duct. Case Presentation. We report a case of gallbladder ascariasis that was diagnosed incidentally in a 70-year-old man, with negative ova and parasite test and no eosinophilia. We also compared echography and computerizied tomograph as diagnostic tools for gallbladder ascariasis. The patient was managed conservatively, but he underwent cholecyctectomy later because of developing cholecystitis. Conclusion. Depending on this case, we suggest cholecyctectomy as an initial management of gallbladder ascariasis.

This report presents the occurrence of two species of crowned jellyfish, Cephea coerulea and Netrostoma setouchianum, recorded for the first time from waters off the coast of Pakistan in the northern Arabian Sea. Diagnosis of the genera Cephea and Netrostoma are provided. We also provide simple keys for the identification of cepheid genera. We found that long filaments on mouth arms in Cephea easily distinguish it from Netrostoma, which has no such filaments.

Introduction: The formalin test is the most accepted chemical test for evaluation of nociception. It requires the injection of an adequate amount of formalin into the surface of the hindpaw. Formalin test consists of phase 1 (0-7 min) and phase 2 (15-60) in which the animal shows painful behaviors. These phases are separated with a quiet phase named interphase, in which the nociceptive responses are decreased or completely disappeared. Methods: The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effects of swim stress at different heights of water on different phases of the formalin test in male rats. Results: Swim stress decreased nociceptive behaviors in first phase and prolonged interphase or delayed the start of second phase in a water height dependent manner. Swim stress in 25 and 50cm completely abolished the nociceptive behaviours in phase 1. Discussion: The present results showed different pain modulation during different phases of the formalin test and elucidated the impact of swim stress on duration of interphase. Interphase considered as an inactive period, but a recent research has shown that active inhibitory mechanisms are involved in the modulation of pain during this period. Therefore, swim stress may consider as a useful tool for study of the basic inhibitory mechanisms underlying attenuation of nociceptive behaviors between phase 1 and 2 of the formalin test.