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A generic strategy for modelling gas fields in Miocene isolated carbonate platforms leverages insights from over 20 analogue fields in the Central Luconia Province in Malaysia, some with 30+ years of development and production history. The strategy advocates customizing modelling efforts to answer the questions required to make business decisions at hand (decision-based modelling) while keeping the models as simple as possible (fit-for-decision models). Four presented examples vary from (1) a conceptual, scaled simulation model that is used to investigate various host tie-back options (screening development options—two examples), through (2) a static reservoir model with seismically constrained reservoir properties combined with a simulation that uses local multipliers to test the impact of key heterogeneities on well-placement options (development optimization), to (3) a full-field static and dynamic reservoir model that is matched to a long and detailed production history to accurately forecast late-field-life gas and water production (wells, reservoir, and facilities management). In combination with standardized work flows for reservoir property modelling, the strategy shifts the modelling focus from elaborate base-case models with uncertainty ranges to testing multiple scenarios that span the range of possible outcomes. The use of this generic modelling strategy has led to faster turnaround of subsurface work, enabling faster development and asset management decisions. Although the examples presented in this paper are specific to Miocene carbonates in Central Luconia, a similar strategy could be suitable for other geological settings.

+prolonging vase life and decreasing post-harvest losses are considered a basic strategy towards sustainable development of agriculture, and the application of growth regulators, e.g. benzyl adenine(BA) and 1-metylcylcopropane(1-MCP), is one of the practical methods for them. The effects of benzyl adenine(BA) and 1-metylcylcopropene(1-MCP) on some biochemical characteristics and vase life of rose cv. ‘Royal Baccara’ (Rosa hybrida L. cv. ‘Royal Baccara’), were explored in a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2017. The factors included BA at three levels of 0 (control), 75 and 150 ppm and 1-MCP in three levels of 0 (control), 1 and 2 µl/L-1. The results showed that the maximum soluble protein content was observed in 150 (ppm) BA+ 2 (µl.L-1) 1-MCP treatments on the second, fourth, sixth, and eighth days. The results of this research revealed that BA at the rates of 75 and 150 ppm and 1-MCP at the rates of 1 and 2 (µl.L-1) enhanced soluble protein content by 10.49, 13.37, 15.18, and 18.18 percent as compared to the control, respectively. The results showed that the maximum proline content was related to the control and the minimum content was observed in the plants treated with 150 (ppm) BA+ 2 (µl.L-1) 1-MCP. The endoproteases enzyme content was slightly decreased on the eighth day, indicating the efficacy of BA and 1-MCP in inhibiting the senescence process and prolonging vase life of rose flowers. The results showed that the application of 1 or 2 μl.L-1 1-MCP and 150 mg L-1 BA can improve the vase life of cut roses

Background: In this study, we aimed to investigate the diagnostic and prognostic utilities of presepsin and procalcitonin (PCT) in critically ill patients with suspected sepsis, for whom sepsis was diagnosed clinically based on the Survival Sepsis Campaign (SSC) criteria and to compare it with recent criteria of Sepsis-3. Methods: Blood samples for biomarker measurements of presepsin and PCT were drawn on days 1, 3 and 7 of ICU admission in a total of 26 patients. All patients were followed-up until death or discharge. All studied biomarkers were analyzed according to the diagnosis and severity of sepsis and for prognosis (all-cause mortality) at days 1, 3 and 7. Agreement between the diagnosis of clinical sepsis and presepsin or PCT-based sepsis was assessed using Cohen’s kappa Results: Clinical sepsis (based on Sepsis-3) and presepsin or PCT-based sepsis showed poor agreement (Kappa

In order to study of changing of macro elements in water stress condition an experimental design was carried out to study effect of different levels irrigation (0, 25, 50, 75) percentage of Field Capacity (FC) on changing macro elements (N, P, K) in 5 rapeseed genotypes (PF7045-01, Symbol, Mohican, Hyola-42, Syn-1). The experimental design split plot in Randomized Complete Block with 4 replication at 2004. Investigation was carried out in Varamin university field research. The information gain about the yield grain, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pods, weight 1000 grain, oil percentage and yield oil. At the end of investigation, for to valued quantity each element in each treatment, sample of leaf transmits in laboratory and valued quantity elements N, P, K. As result that in, quantity element in different levels irrigation and interaction between the both of them were significant. Interaction between genotypes and levels irrigation were significant at the 0.01%. Basically table of ANOVA in all of the treatment, drought stress were cause decrease quantity elements at different genotypes exception element N that with increase intensity drought stress, percentage that was increase in leaves. The yield impressed genotypes and drought stress levels. With increase intensity drought stress of 0.75-0%, mean Field Capacity decreased of 3340-1788 kg h -1 . Between genotypes, Hyola-42 and Symbol with mean 3377.5 and 1947 kg h -1 were highest and the lowest yield respectively. Oil seed percentage didn't impress on genotypes but with increase intensity drought stress, decreased quantity and mean were of 43.1%, at treatment irrigation 75% FC, to 40.2% in treatment irrigation 0% and 25% FC. With increase intensity drought stress, the quantity saturation fats and glucosinolates seed increased and quality oil decreased.

The effects of caffeine, ryanodine, and rapid cooling were tested on the depolarization-induced contraction and the apamin-insensitive slow outward current (Iso) of voltage-clamped (double mannitol gap) single frog muscle fibers. Subthreshold caffeine concentrations (0.5–2 mM) induced a monotonic increase in contractile and Iso amplitude. Whatever the concentration, the increase in contraction was roughly twice the one in current. Similar results were obtained upon rapid cooling (20–4 °C) in the presence of 0.5 mM caffeine. In the absence of external Na+ (choline-substituted) 10−5 M ryanodine induced a delayed increase (≈30 min) in contraction and in current, shortly before the development of a drastic and irreversible contracture. Here again, the increase in contraction was twice that in current. In the presence of 5 mM tetraethylammonium (TEA) and (or) 25 nM charybdotoxin, 2 mM caffeine still induced a strong facilitating effect on contraction but the parallel increase in current was strongly reduced. The linear relationship between the increase in current and contractile amplitude has a slope ≈0.5 (whatever the drug used to increase contractility); it is ≈0.1 in the presence of TEA and (or) charybdotoxin. In conclusion, provided the changes in contractile amplitude are caused by parallel changes in depolarization-induced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ release, about 50% of the apamin-insensitive Iso is controlled by internal Ca2+ release. The main part of this current corresponds to the TEA- and charybdotoxin-sensitive component of Iso.Key words: skeletal muscle, voltage clamp, Ca2+-dependent K+ current, sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium release, caffeine, ryanodine, charybdotoxin.

The effect of LCB29 was tested on twitch characteristics, tetanic tension, and K+ and voltage-clamp contractures of rat soleus muscle fibers. In concentrations ranging from 10−6 to 5 × 10−4 M, LCB29 simultaneously inhibited the twitch amplitude, the maximum rate of tension development, and the maximum rate of relaxation. In concentrations ranging from 10−5 to 10−4 M, tetanic tension (100 Hz, 1 s) was inhibited by the same amount. The effect of 5 × 10−5 M LCB29 was studied on K+ contractures and contractures induced, under voltage-clamp conditions, by long-lasting depolarizations. Its effect was significantly stronger than those on twitch and tetanic tension. In addition, LCB29 had a dual effect on strength–duration curves for mechanical threshold. It increased both the rheobasic potential and the steepness of the curve. It is concluded that LCB29 exerts a direct myorelaxant effect on rat soleus muscle; two sites of action are probably involved.Key words: myorelaxants, skeletal muscle, K+ contractures, voltage clamp, mammalian.

The effects of tetracaine (10-50 microM) and ryanodine (0.1-10 microM) were tested on the slow outward K+ current (Iso) and the mechanical tension of isolated frog muscle fibres in a voltage-clamp device (double mannitol-gap) connected to a mechanoelectric transducer. In the concentration range tested, both drugs induced a simultaneous inhibition of tension and current. In all cases the effect on tension was twice that on current. The tetracaine-induced current and tension blocks were fully reversible and dose-dependent. In contrast the ryanodine effects on current and tension were not reversible and did not exhibit a dose dependence except for the delay before the onset of the response, which was shortened when the concentration was raised. Linear regression analysis of the time-dependent and dose-dependent effects of both drugs indicated a strong correlation between the decreases in tension and current. It is concluded that the slow outward current is partly under the control of the Ca2+ release from sarcoplasmic reticulum during contraction.

The effects of 4 derivatives of amiloride, which are known to block the Na+/H+ antiporter, were studied on the slow outward current (Iso) and on tension development of voltage-clamped single muscle fibres of the frog Rana ridibunda. Each compound tested induced a strong depressant effect on tension and Iso in a voltage-, time- and dose-dependent (10(-8) to 10(-5) M) manner at physiological pH. The effects exhibited a strong pH dependence (the greater the pH in the range between 6.6 and 8.0, the greater the depressant action). This seems to exclude the involvement of the Na+/H+ antiport and alterations of surface membrane charges as mediators. The current block was not observed after the release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum was blocked with 75 microM tetracaine. It is concluded that the primary effect of the 4 compounds used was to inhibit the internal release of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum, and that this inhibition blocked the Ca2+-dependent slow outward current.

For study the effects of different levels of irrigating according to the 0, 25, 50 and 75% of field capacity to the amount of food less demand’s elements in the number of 5 and Rapeseed (Brassica napus) line this experiment randomized complete block design had been executed in the field at 2002-2003 in the research field of agricultural university of Varamin, Azad University. The amount of the needed fertilizer had consumed according to the soil analysis of the test site. At the end of the research for determining the amount of each element in each caring, the leaf samples had transferred to the laboratory and the necessary examination had been performed. The result had been Variance analyzed with the help SAS software and the comparison of the data average had executed with the help of the multi amplitude test of Duncan. According to the results of Variance analysis, the difference of elements in the numbers and different lines of Rapeseed (Brassica napus) and the different levels of irrigating and the counter effect of these two factors had been meaningful in the level of 1% and among the numbers only the element of Sulphur had the statistical meaningful difference. The variety of Hyola-42 and Mohican had allocated the first and the last statistical class to itself orderly with the average of 1.94 and 1.03%. The varieties were not meaningful in the case of the amount percentage of boron and Zn in the dry substance of leaf. Also in this study the different levels of irrigation has been meaningful effects on the amount of percentage of the elements 3. With increasing of the intensity of drought stress from 75-0% the F.C amount of element have shown the decreasing amount and Sulphur had reached from 1.98-1.01% and the Zinc had reached to the 15.2 mg from 29.6% in the dry substance of the leaf. However the amount of the results had shown the reduction but they were meaningless in the case of statistic.

Problem statement: Crop models are used as tools for enhancing agricultural research through the identification of gaps in knowledge as well as by providing support for decision making in agricultural planning. Approach: In order to evaluation of CERES-Wheat model on five cultivars of winter wheat under Karaj weather condition in Full Irrigation (FI) and Terminal Irrigation at Flowering (TIF) an experiment conducted in form of split plot in based on randomize complete block design with four replicate in research field Islamic Azad university of Karaj branch in 2009. Results: Two irrigation levels located in main plot and cultivars as sub plot. In this study simulation of some traits such Grain Yield (GY), Leaf Dry Weight (LDW), Plant Height (PH), Biomass (B), Leaf Number per plant (LN) and Leaf Area Index (LAI) evaluated by use of CERES-Wheat model. According to simulation results, model was successful in simulation of traits whole under two irrigation treatments. Rate of R2 was low in regression curve of measured versus simulated for traits of LAI and LDW. Model simulated GY with high vigor for both irrigation conditions. Conclusion/Recommendations: Variation dimension of R2 in FI and SI obtained 80.89-80.91 and 80.88-81.01, respectively. The variation dimension of Wilmot coefficient (d) FI and TIF is 0.73-0.75 and 0.61-0.72, respectively. Simulation precise in TIF is lower than FI. We can after evaluation and calibration model by means of experimental replication and reduce of Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) as a result used for research objective management programming in Karaj zones. We proposed for increasing predicting precise by model must be determinate genetic coefficient correctly and soil data and weather data supplied in experimental filed.