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Dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) is a highly efficient approach for deploying new radio (NR) on lower frequency bands currently utilized by long-term evolution (LTE), to enhance the coverage. This paper addresses several critical issues in DSS. Firstly, we investigate resource block (RB) allocation in a multi-cell environment, considering inter-cell interference (ICI) and frequency reuse (FR) to optimize the combined LTE and NR data rates in a DSS-enabled network. We then apply maximum throughput (MT) and enhanced proportional fairness (ePF) schedulers for RB allocation within our proposed simulation framework. Additionally, we explore the impact of satisfying users’ quality of service (QoS) on data rate and fairness across various sharing ratio values for LTE and NR guaranteed bit rate (GBR) users. Our results show that while MT achieves higher data rates, ePF ensures better fairness and QoS among users, albeit with a potential data rate reduction of 25-30%. Moreover, under high data rate GBR scenarios, the network can maintain an appropriate fairness index (FI) based on the sharing ratio while guaranteeing GBR users. The ePF scheduler tends to drop more users compared to MT, yet a balance among LTE/NR spectrum sharing ratio, fairness, GBR satisfaction, and overall data rate maximization can be achieved in DSS networks. We also evaluate DSS performance across various realistic propagation models, identifying an optimal sharing ratio that maximizes total data rates for LTE and NR in each environment, with the MT scheduler delivering the highest data rates in rural macro areas. Lastly, we address the issue of demand uncertainty to develop a robust DSS network. Our findings indicate that robust DSS outperforms unrobust DSS by 7-25% and unrobust static spectrum sharing (SSS) by 19-40%.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the impact of quality of life therapy on the quality of parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment. A quasi-experimental design comprising a pretest, posttest, control group, and a two-month follow-up period was utilized for the study. The statistical population of the survey comprised second-year high school female adolescents residing in Isfahan during the 2020-2021 academic year. By means of purposive sampling, 35 adolescents were chosen at random and divided into experimental and control groups,with 18 adolescents assigned to the experimental group and 17 to the control group. Over the course of two months, mothers of adolescents in the experimental group participated in eighty-five-minute quality of life therapy sessions. A pre-test was administered prior to the intervention, and a post-test was conducted subsequent to the intervention. Following a gap of two months, the follow-up phase was conducted. Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (PCRQ) and California Individual-Social Adjustment Questionnaire (CISAQ) were utilized in this research. The data obtained from the research were analyzed through mixed ANOVA via SPSS-23 software. The results showed that quality of life therapy significantly influences the character of parent-adolescent interaction and adolescent adjustment (p

Network slicing is used to support the stringent requirements of sixth generation (6G) services by dividing an infrastructure network into multiple logical networks that can enable service-oriented resource allocation. However, there are several orchestration issues when considering multiple infrastructure providers (InPs) and multiple tenants in a recursive architecture. There are also challenging issues in designing efficient auction mechanisms for such multi-domain and multi-tenant network slicing. To address these challenges, we consider multi-tenant management and orchestration as a multi-buyer, multi-seller scenario, and propose a novel two-stage auction mechanism that aims to increase the overall utility of all participants while mitigating the overall cost of the network. We formulate this two-stage auction mechanism as a multi-leader multi-follower (MLMF) Stackelberg game approach that converges to a Stackelberg equilibrium. In this game, there are multiple InPs that lease network, computing, and storage infrastructure resources to multiple Tier1 tenants in the first stage of the auction mechanism. Next, Tier1 tenants instantiate triple 6G slices as extremely reliable and low-latency communications (eURLLC), ultra-massive machine-type communications (umMTC), and further enhanced mobile broadband (FeMBB) slices, and lease smaller slices to Tier2 tenants through the second step of the auction mechanism. Tier2 tenants then serve different eURLLC, umMTC, and FeMBB users who have specific and mostly different requirements and constraints, while Tier2 tenants manage their own resources to maximize their utility. Due to the distributed nature of the proposed problem, we consider distributed reinforcement learning (DRL) as a solution. Simulation results show that our DRL-based solution increases the average profit of the network by 19% compared to the existing state-of-the-art benchmark.

Introduction: Due to the lack of an instrument for measuring the career issues of those with bipolar disorder, the present study was conducted to develop and examine the psychometric characteristics of the Career Issues Inventory for Persons with Bipolar Disorder (CII-BD). Material and Methods: To check the diagnostic validity, via purposive sampling and interviews by a psychiatrist, 108 people were selected from two sample groups (53 normal people and 55 participants with bipolar disorder). The items were extracted from three sources including scientific articles related to the career issues of bipolar people, interviews with individuals with bipolar disorder, and interviews with experts using the Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) systematic qualitative method. Finally, the items of the CII-BD were reduced to 81 questions. Content, construct, and convergent validity plus factor analysis of CII-BD were also examined. The reliability of CII-BD was evaluated by internal consistency and test-retest method with seven weeks intervals after the initial implementation of the CII-BD. Results: The convergent validity of the sum score of CII-BD with the sum score of the symptom inventory of people with bipolar disorder among the sample of normal people and the sample of persons with bipolar disorder was (r=0.79, P

Abstract Social problems and suffering from the treatment process for infertile couples, especially for women, require the couples to cope with them to balance the infertility crisis. According to the close interactions of the couples with each other, the objective of the present study was to explore a theoretical framework for the relationships between women’s coping strategies, spouses’ coping strategies, and women’s psychological health in infertile couples who were candidates for assisted reproductive technology (ART). This cross-sectional study was carried out on 212 couples undergoing ART. The couples’ coping strategies were evaluated using a validated self-report questionnaire. The women’s psychological health was assessed using a 21-item stress, anxiety, and depression scale (DASS-21). Statistical analysis was performed using the plug-in application PROCESS macro for SPSS. The direct effect of the women’s self-blame and self-focused rumination strategies (p

Background: Redemptive self is a part of life narratives in which bad scenes are redeemed with good results or positive emotions. Personality traits in the big-5 model are: neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between redemptive self and personality traits with some psychological characteristics including psychological well-being, career adaptability, generativity, and emotional intelligence. Methods: In this study, 57 Iranian adults in the age range of 22-65 years were selected by convenience sampling method and filled in the Life Story Questionnaire, NEO test, Loyola Generativity Scale (LGS), Ryff Psychological Well-Being Scale (PWB), Career Adapt-Abilities Scale (CAAS), and Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire. Individuals' answers to the questionnaire questions were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression using SPSS software. Findings: Based on the results of the present study, the relationship between the redemptive self and personality traits with each of the psychological characteristics mentioned above was significant. Redemptive self and personality traits had a significant relationship with psychological well-being, career adaptability, generativity, and emotional intelligence and predicted them. Conclusion: Redemptive self and extraversion predicted generativity, neuroticism (negatively) and agreeableness predicted psychological well-being, extroversion predicted career adaptability, and agreeableness predicted emotional intelligence.

Aim and Background: The present study was conducted to compare the effect of tele-hope-based coaching and counseling on post-traumatic growth, life satisfaction and happiness of patients with COVID-19 in quarantine conditions in Isfahan province (18 years and older). Methods and Materials: This research is a quasi-experimental study in which the convenience sampling method with random assignment is used. For this purpose, 43 patients with COVID-19 were randomly assigned in three groups of hope-based coaching (14 people), hope-based counseling (14 people) and control group (15 people). All participants completed questionnaires related to happiness, life satisfaction and post-traumatic growth in the pre-test phase, and then the experimental group members participated in hope-based coaching or counseling (8 sessions for 60 minutes). At the end of the intervention, the post-test was completed and the results were analyzed using MANCOVA test and post hoc tests. Findings: The findings showed that both tele-interventions had a significant effect on post-traumatic growth, life satisfaction and happiness of patients with COVID-19 compared to the control group. However, there was no significant differences between the research variables in the two intervention groups and both interventions were equally effective (P

The dynamic resource block structure (D-RBS) allows for flexible allocation of radio resources. This flexibility (potentially) enables efficient utilization of available resources and adaptability to changing network conditions. In this context, managing resource contention and optimizing allocation decisions become increasingly challenging. In this research paper, we introduce a new approach for D-RBS for re-allocation of enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB) and massive Machine Type Communication (mMTC) resource blocs (RBs) to URLLC users. Our scheme leverages artificial intelligence (AI) to support the three main services of 5th generation networks. To efficiently allocate resources for eMBB/mMTC and URLLC services, we propose an intelligent puncturing scheme. Additionally, we formulate an optimization problem that aims to minimize resource and transmit power usage while meeting the requirements of all three services. Since this problem is non-convex and involves multiple optimization variables, we utilize deep reinforcement learning as a solution algorithm. We then compare our proposed intelligent allocation (IA) scheme with two other schemes: random allocation (RaA) and overallocation (OA), which have lower complexity and overhead. Performance and complexity analyses are conducted in a multi-cell scenario with interference. Our results demonstrate that the IA scheme outperforms RaA and OA, achieving an energy efficiency gain of 40% and 15% respectively. However, it is worth noting that IA has a 36.3% higher complexity in terms of action selection compared to RaA and OA.

Background and Aims: Children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) are characterized by impulsivity, distraction, and hyperactivity and have high comorbidity with sluggish cognitive tempo. This study aimed to investigate the effect of mentalization-based treatment (MBT) on slow cognitive tempo and clinical symptoms (symptoms) of children with ADHD.Methods: The study method was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test, and follow-up with a control group design. The statistical population in this study were 7-9 years old students with ADHD studying in public schools in the six districts of Isfahan. To select the sample, 28 mothers of students who met the inclusion criteria were assigned and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (14 students in each group). The research instruments were the sluggish cognitive tempo questionnaire and the connors parent form questionnaire. The sessions of this treatment were 8 sessions of 60 minutes that were presented to the mothers of the experimental group and were not provided to the educational control group. After examining the assumptions of statistical tests, repeated measures analysis of variance was used. Data were analyzed using SPSS software, version 21.Results: Comparing the experimental group with the control group showed that the SCT and symptoms of ADHD in the experimental group compared to the control group were significantly reduced (P

Abstract Background Different coping strategies have been associated with various effects on infertile couples’ mental health. Considering the close interaction between couples, the present study aims to develop coping strategies for infertile couples using a couple-based approach. Methods The present mixed-methods study will be conducted in three phases. In order to develop coping strategies, a qualitative study will be conducted in the first phase, during which semi-structured interviews will be implemented with infertile couples in order to collect data related to their lived experiences in using coping strategies. These data will be inductively analyzed using qualitative content analysis and interpretative phenomenological analysis. In the second phase, using the Delphi method, an initial draft of coping strategies will be designed using a couple-based approach based on the data obtained from the qualitative study and the related literature review. In the third phase, the designed couple-based strategies will be provided to two groups of infertile couples as a randomized field superiority trial study. The couples’ levels of stress, anxiety, depression, and adjustment will be evaluated using validated questionnaires before and 3 months after the intervention. Discussion Couple-based coping strategies encourage couples to become aware of each other’s feelings while interacting and choose a strategy based on such feelings. Trial registration Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials IRCT20191014045102N1 . Registered on 19 October 2021. Protocol version: Current protocol: version 1 (22 May 2022)

Having a member with an autism spectrum disorder in the family creates a wide range of challenges and problems for the family members. The present study was conducted with the aim of discovering the thematic network of challenges and communication problems of families that have children with autism spectrum disorder. The research method was a qualitative approach with a thematic analysis method. The statistical population was families with autistic children (7 to 18 years old) in Isfahan city (240 families), eighteen families participated in the research. Participants were selected by purposeful sampling method. A depth semi-structured interview was used for collecting information. The results revealed 675 initial codes, 23 basic themes, five organizing themes, and one global theme. The extracted organizing themes were: social, personal, related to interaction with the child, lack of time and within the family issues. The global theme was also identified as the culture of avoiding autism. This research showed that pursuing an approach that encourages more acceptance of autism in the community can be the first step for improving the environment of destigmatization and reducing the culture of avoiding autistic individuals. In addition, cultural programs help raise awareness about autism and developmental disorders and also, it could help to connect the families with early intervention resources.

Background: In a world where the phenomenon of job loss is spreading rapidly, it is essential to be willing to invest continuously in a diverse career path that will lead to savings in human, social and psychological capital. Aims: The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Consulting (ACT) and Constructivism Consulting in orienting the diverse career path of contract employees of an industrial company Methods: The quasi-experimental research design was pretest-posttest with a control group. The statistical population included all contract employees of an industrial company, 36 of whom were selected by random sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental groups and a control group (12 people in each group). The experimental groups underwent commitment and acceptance training as well as constructivism counseling training for eight sessions per week. Data were collected using the Various Career Questionnaire (PCAS) and analyzed by analysis of Variance. Results: Findings showed that acceptance and commitment-based training (ACT) and training based on constructivist approach have an effect on the formation of protean career orientation of contract employees in the self-directional subscales of career path management and value motivation. Conclusion: From the findings of this study, it is concluded that both types of training, depending on the situation, can be used by organizations and industries to increase the adaptability and attitude of the diverse career path of employees.

Introduction: The first years of life are a critical period for a child due to the development of basic functions such as behavior, emotions, and motivation. The child needs an environment conducive to growth and development. This environment is built through effective parental care. The present study aimed to identify the factors affecting compassion or shame in mother-child interaction. Methods: The study was an applied one in terms of its objectives and qualitative as a grounded theory method was used for data collection. The participants were 12 mothers with 2 to 7-year-old children selected via theoretical sampling. The data were collected using in-depth and exploratory interviews with the participants. The collected data were recorded, coded, and placed into main categories. Afterward, the initial codes were identified and the categories addressing the mother-child interaction based on compassion and shame were identified using axial coding. Results: Analysis of the qualitative data revealed that the mother-child interaction includes categories such as “parenting styles, induction of compassion, induction of shame, fear of compassion, receiving compassion from others, self-compassion, and coping styles”. Conclusion: The findings of the present study can contribute to developing training programs for promoting compassion-based mother-child interaction, preventing the induction of shame by the mother, and improving the mother-child relationship. Counselors, psychologists, nurses, and midwives can also use the insights from this study to develop training programs for mothers.

The purpose of this study was to develop a conceptual model of adolescents with high adaptability to career path. Qualitative research method of phenomenology (colaizzi) and data collection tool was in-depth interview. The study population was 16-18 years old adolescents and employed people with high adaptability to their career path. Sampling was purposeful in such a way that until new information was no longer available, the sampling would end. The sample consisted of 6 adolescents and 6 highly adaptable individuals who participated in a semi-structured interview. The data were analyzed by colaizzi method and the main themes of leisure were extracted. It should be noted that the three-way method (interviews with parents, experts and text analysis) was used to validate the data. Therefore leisure factors were coded in two main themes, each with different sub-themes. The main themes obtained are: 1- Satisfaction with leisure time which includes positive individual factors, positive family factors and positive social factors 2- Dissatisfaction with leisure time including negative individual factors, negative family factors and negative Social factors. In general, leisure time is affected by many positive and negative individual, family and social factors. Recognition of these factors can be useful for policy-making of the country's educational officials.

Hybrid power and desalinated water generation systems with two Multi-Effect Distillation (MED) technologies and Reverse Osmosis (RO) are investigated for a combined-cycle power plant in this study. The generated steam enters MED from the low-pressure section of the Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG) in the hybrid system. Seawater is divided into two sections after entering the MED condenser – one part is fed into MED and its process. The other is rejected after cooling in the condenser and turns back to the sea. A reverse osmotic desalination system is implemented in this study. In the present combined cycles, steam generated in the Low Pressure (LP) section enters the steam turbine. To reduce the generated power and increase desalinated water in MED and RO, exergy analysis and cycle optimization are required. The system is simulated and verified based on the available data on the model power plant. The results showed that by selecting 43 optimization parameters and applying constraints like acidification temperature, the integrated cycle's exergy efficiency could be raised by 50%. Under this condition, the water price is calculated to be 1.16 $/m3. Under hybrid conditions of the design power and freshwater cogeneration system, the present design's efficiency without optimization and its final cost is 48.8% and approximately 1.2 $/m3.

Background: Several studies have examined the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on the severity of obsessive-compulsive disorder symptoms. But research that examines the effectiveness of this treatment in combination with Theraplay on the symptoms and function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder has been neglected. Aims: The present study investigates the effectiveness of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on the symptoms and Function of children with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test with 3-month follow-up and control group. The statistical population of the study included all children with obsessive-compulsive disorder aged 8 to 12 years in Esfahan in 2019, along with their mothers at the time of the study, of which 20 children with their parents, after an authentic psychiatrist or psychologist diagnosed them with obsessive-compulsive disorder and they obtained at least a score of 14 on the Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale, were selected based on Purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group received the combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay for 10 sessions of individual counseling, but the control group did not receive any intervention. Instruments used in the study included Children's Yale-Brown OC Scale(CY-BOCS), Child Obsessive Compulsive Impact Scale – Revised(COIS-R / P) and Marschak Interaction Method Behavior Rating System. Results: To analyze the findings, inferential statistics methods of analysis of repeated measures were used. The findings of this study confirmed the effect of combination therapy of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy and Theraplay on reducing the symptoms of obsessive-compulsive disorder, improvement overall performance and the improvement of academic, social, family and daily livng skills performance(P

Introduction: Most people show signs of behavior appropriate to their biological and physical gender. While a minority of people exhibit behaviors that are different from their sexual appearance, it is called Gender Dysphoria. Aim: The purpose of this study was to investigate the Role of family function in the prediction of Gender Dysphoria in women and transgender men. Method: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all individuals with Gender Dysphoria, visiting the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016, in order to follow legal proceedings for gender reassignment. The participants included 50 women and 50 men with Gender Dysphoria were selected via convenience sampling, gave informed consent, and completed two questionnaires: family function questionnaire and gender identity disorder questionnaire. Statistical steps were performed using spss software version 21 and data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and simultaneous regression. Results: The results of regression analysis showed that the best predictor of gender dysphoria in transgender women is the Communication (p

Background: umerous studies have been conducted on parenting and the quality of parent-child relationships, but research that neglects the effectiveness of a positive parenting program on effective parenting and the quality of parent-child relationships in mothers with adolescent has been neglected.Aims: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of the positive parenting program (Triple-P) on the effective parenting and quality of -parent-adolescent relationship in mothers with adolescents. Method: The research was semi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and follow-up with the control group. The population consisted of mothers with 13-15 aged adolescents in the years 2018 in Isfahan city. 16 subjects were randomly selected as a sample and randomly divided into experimental and control groups (8 subjects). The present research instruments are Alabama's effective parenting questionnaire (1991), the parent-child relationship quality questionnaire (1983). And a positive parenting program (Larzer et al., 2016). Data analysis was performed by repeated analysis of variance. Results: Positive parenting program had a significant effect on effective parenting and the quality of parent-child relationship (P< 0/001). Conclusions: Mothers who participated in the positive parenting program had an effective rate of parenting and the quality of the parent-child relationship increased.

This study was conducted in order to construct a list of self-esteem based on Islamic sources. The current study is descriptive-analytical and survey method. To do that, first, the necessary sources were studied and investigated according to Islamic sources in order to extract the attributes related to self-esteem. Then, a 90-item questionnaire was prepared, which was examined by Islamic and psychological experts, and finally 55 items remained, which were administered in the form of a survey study on a sample of 216 university students in Khomeini Shahr. The reliability of the self-esteem checklist was calculated and confirmed by three methods: "internal consistency (with Cronbach's alpha 0.89), retest 0.74 and halving 0.869. Validity of self-esteem checklist with three methods: Content validity review (with the opinion of twelve religious and psychological experts and calculation of CVR coefficient), criterion validity (positive and significant correlation of 0.73 self-esteem checklist with standard Borba moral intelligence questionnaire) and structural validity (factor analysis and factor model analysis) were examined in the sample and good results were obtained. Finally, standard T scores were calculated and a norm table was prepared for the self-esteem list. The results of this evaluation show that the list of self-esteem has desirable psychometric properties to measure the level of self-esteem in individuals based on Islamic sources.

The origin of Gnostic thought and its evolution is a controversial topic. By critically examining Gnostic sects and analyzing the opinions of experts, this article will answer the following questions: What are the components of Gnostic thought? What are the sources of Gnostic thought? Were there any sects known as Gnostics before Christ? This research shows that most of our knowledge of Gnosticism is based on controversial Christian works and the Qumran manuscripts. According to these works, no group or sect was called Gnostic before Christ. Although some of the components of Gnostic thought, such as the originality of knowledge and the exile of the soul, date back to the pre-Christ era, and especially to Plato, some other components, such as the distinction between the Christian and Jewish gods, belief in the multiplicity of the eternal Christ, the primacy of knowledge over faith, are products of the period of the formation of Gnostic sects and their conflict with the Church Fathers in the first centuries of the common era.

Today, it is important to develop employee skills in relation to organizational efficiency. Therefore, to enhance individual and organizational effectiveness, it is necessary to focus on the training and improving employee expertise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of training based on quality of work life improvement on employee perceived organizational training effectiveness. The statistical population included all employees of a Food production factory in Borujen in the spring and summer of 2018, from which, 30 subjects were randomly selected and assigned to two groups of experimental and control. The data gathering tool included researcher-made questionnaire on perceived training effectiveness. Data were analyzed using repetitive measures analysis of variance, using SPSS24 software. Results showed that the improving quality of work life training program was effective in perceived organizational training effectiveness.

Background: Many studies have investigated the effect of spiritual intelligence on various psychological variables, but research on the impact of spiritual intelligence on spiritual intelligence, psychological well-being, anxiety, and depression remains largely ignored. Aims: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of education based on Bowl spiritual intelligence promotion on spiritual intelligence, psychological well-being, anxiety and depression in students. Method: It was a quasi-experimental type. The statistical population of this study was Isfahan University students, 40 of whom were selected as available sample in 1977 and were randomly assigned to education or control group. Research tools include the Reef Psychological Well-being Questionnaire (2002), Anxiety (1993) and Beck Depression Inventory (1996), and King's Spiritual Intelligence (2008), and Bowl's Spiritual Intelligence Training (2004). Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance. Results: Bowl spiritual intelligence training in the educational group improved spiritual intelligence (P

Introduction: Gender dysphoria is defined as the sustained desire for or insistence on belonging to the opposite sex as well as considerable discomfort with the assigned gender and gender role. Aim: The present study aimed to examine the role of early maladaptive schemata as cognitive factors, and the role of difficulty in emotion regulation as emotional factors in the emergence of gender dysphoria in transgender men. Method: This is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population included all men with gender dysphoria, visiting the Iranian Legal Medicine Organization of Razavi Khorasan Province, Iran, from 2014 to 2016, in order to follow legal proceedings for gender reassignment. Fifty participants were selected via convenience sampling, gave informed consent, and completed three questionnaires: the Gratz and Roemer’s Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Young’s Early Maladaptive Schema Questionnaire-Short Form, and the Gender Identity Disorder Questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS using Pearson’s correlation and simultaneous multivariate regression. Results: Based on the regression analysis, the most important variable in emotion regulation was limited access to emotion regulation strategies. Moreover, with regard to early maladaptive schemata, mistrust and emotional inhibition were found to predict gender dysphoria in transsexual men. Conclusion: Results revealed that the simultaneous role of cognitive and emotional factors is significant in the emergence of gender dysphoria in transsexual men.

The main objective of this study is to identify the psychological problems of 7-11 year-old children of divorce based on the lived experience of teachers and mothers. The research method used was one of a descriptive survey with the statistical population comprising elementary school male and female children aged 7-11. From this number, 280 comprised the sample selected from all the boys' and girls' schools in Esfahan using a multi-stage cluster sampling. The data collection instrument was the Achenbach questionnaire (Mother and Teacher inventory). The data were analyzed using Chi-square test where upon the results indicated that based on the mothers' reports, the commonest problems were complaints about physical pain (6.8%), withdrawal, depression, aggressive behavior (6.4%), and physical problems (6%). Furthermore, based on the teachers' reports, the commonest problems were anxiety or depression, physical and behavioral problems (6.4%), aggressive behavior, emotional problems (6%), and social problems (5.7%).

Aim and Backgrounds: The aim of the current study was investigation the effectiveness of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on career development of students with obsessive compulsive disorder. Materials & Methods: This is a quasi-experimental study with pretest-posttest-follow up design with control group. Thirty students were selected using convenience sampling and randomly divided to two experiment and control groups. Data was gathered by Career Development Questionnaire (CDI) and was analyzed using Repeated Measure ANOVA. Students in one experimental group received ACT in eight weekly sessions and the control group were in wait list. Findings: The results showed that there was significant difference between two groups in path career development (p

Background: one of the main ways of improving academic performance is increasing self efficacy in children. Aims: The present study was carried out in order to examine the effectiveness of social cognitive career counseling on academic Self-efficacy among students. Method: The present quasi-experimental study was carried out using a pretest, posttest, follow-up design with two intervention groups and two control groups. The statistical population included all students attending Secondary high schools in Shahriar, Iran. The study sample consisted of 80 students (40 girls and 40 boys) who were randomly assigned to 4 groups (two groups of social cognitive intervention and two control groups). The study instrument was Academic Self-Efficacy Scale. The results of repeated ANOVA indicated that social cognitive career counseling had a significant effect on academic self-efficacy. Results: Moreover, Scheffe’s paired-comparisons test in three phases of pretest, posttest, and follow-up showed that the means had an increase in the posttest (p

The present study aimed to investigating the effect of the early childhoodemotional curriculum on Isfahanian children's emotional intelligence. For thispurpose, unequal group scheme of sub- experimental research methods wasused. A total of 30 children were recruited to participate in the study and wereassigned to two groups: an experimental group (n=15) that received trainingand a control group (n=15) that participated in normal day care centeractivities. A pre-test–post-test intervention design with a control group wasused to evaluate the efficacy of the curriculum (pre- intervention baseline andpost intervention after six months and a post-hoc test three months after theprogram was over). The data for the study were collected through theIsfahanian preschool children's emotional intelligence test. In order to analyzethe data and investigate statistical hypotheses repeated measures test wasutilized. The results revealed that this curriculum improved children’semotional intelligence (p˂0.05) and highlighted the efficacy of implementingof emotional curriculums in early educational contexts and other educationallevels

Aim and Background: Recent studies on depression disorders have shown constraints and deficiencies in self-compassion of these patients. Therefore, in this study, we identify the weaknesses of previous studies with the aim of providing an analytical pattern of pathology of depression focusing on self-compassion for depressed Iranian patients. Methods and Materials: The present paper is based on the meta-analysis of previous works and papers. Accordingly, by analyzing the previous studies related to the disorders from databases such as Science Direct and Civilica, we extracted the most important indicators related to self-compassion for depressed patients out of 12 articles. Findings: After qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Iranian and foreign studies, final synthesis was ultimately done on the 12 articles. The synthesis of articles related to the effect of self-compassion on depression and its intermediary factors showed that depression is closely related to emotions and that is of great importance in most of the studies conducted in this area. Conclusions: It is possible to prevent and treat depression through self-compassion by pathology in three critical areas of emotion, including emotion regulation, emotional security and expressing emotion.

Context: Considering the importance of psychological issues during disasters and the key role of women in the family and society, a preventive approach toward mental health improvement in women is of great importance. Aims: This study aimed to identify the mental health needs of women in natural disasters through a preventive approach. Settings and Design: The present qualitative study was conducted through content analysis method and semi-structured interviews with 40 specialists and seven women who had experienced natural disasters. The study participants were selected through snowball and purposive sampling. Subjects and Methods: A heterogeneous sample was selected. To ensure the reliability and verifiability of data, the texts of the interviews were approved by each interviewee. Statistical Analysis Used: Thematic analysis was used to report findings. Results: In this study, two themes, seven main categories, and 21 subcategories and secondary codes were extracted. The themes were internal physical (biological) and external environmental (social, political and legal measures, cultural and spiritual measures, psychology, and lifestyle) factors. Conclusions: The dimensions related to the mental health of women are multifactorial and beyond only psychological variables. The improvement of the mental health of women can be achieved through aggregation of perspectives in different organizational, governmental, and political areas in collaboration within the society with a healthy gender perspective free of discrimination, inequality, and injustice.

In this work, poly (o-Anisidine) (POA) was prepared by consecutive potential cycling in an acidic monomer solution at the surface of Carbon Paste Electrode (CPE). Nickel ions were dispersed into the polymer by immersing the electrode in NiSO4 solution. The prepared Ni/POA/CPE was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and electrochemical methods. The electrochemical oxidation of ethanol and ethylene glycol was investigated at the Ni/POA/CPE by cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry techniques. The results indicated that the Ni/POA/CPE in comparison with Ni/CPE exhibited excellent electrocatalytic activity towards oxidation. Then, using a chronoamperometry method, the catalytic rate constant, k, for ethanol and ethylene glycol oxidation were found to be 2.6×106 and 1.07×107 cm3/mol s, respectively. Furthermore, the effect of several parameters such as OA concentration, POA thickness, and NiSO4 concentration and accumulation times towards the ethanol oxidation as well as the long-term stability of the modified electrode has been investigated.

Carotenoids are a great category of natural pigments that have some features as antioxidant activity, provitamin and healthy properties. In most food wastes in industry, there are several components by antimicrobial, antioxidant and nutritional properties. Pumpkin peel as a waste of the foodstuff contains carotenoids specially Lutein, which has beneficial supplement in human health. The aim of this study was the extraction of carotenoids by ethanol, methanol and ethyl acetate as solvent in 25 and 40 °C. For investigation of extracts antioxidant power, the FRAP and DPPH tests were examined. Since the retention time of pure Lutein obtained at 2.243 min in HPLC, carotenoids extract prepared by methanol at 40 °C had the highest Lutein content. The area under the peak of lutein in mentioned extract was approximately 9561. Evolution by UV-VIS method showed methanol extract at 40 °C was the best sample as lutein content, too. According to FRAP and DPPH test, methanol extract had the highest antioxidant power by 1.044 Fe (II)/ lit and 1973 (EC50), respectively.

The career adaptability is increasingly intermingled with success in workplace. Accordingly, the aim of this study was investigating the role of psychological capital (self efficacy, hope, optimism, and resiliency) in predicting of career adaptability in employees of industrial centers. This is a descriptive study, correlational one, in which 230 employees of industrial centers were selected via accessible sampling method. They completed career adaptability questionnaire, optimism – pessimism questionnaire, resiliency questionnaire, adult hope scale and general self efficacy questionnaire. The data was analyzed through step by step regression. The result showed that hope, self -efficacy, resiliency and optimism were significantly associated with career adaptability. Also self - efficacy, hope and resiliency specified 56.3 percents of variance of career adaptability. The findings have shown that through training psychological capital, the career adaptability of people can be enhanced, in such a way that they can adjust themselves with different changes and look for a new way for to go on with their desirable career.

The main purpose of this research was to study the relationship between organizational structure and burnout among high school teachers. Research method was descriptive correlational. To collect data, two questionnaires were used: organizational structure with reliability coefficient of 93 % and job burnout with reliability coefficient of 95 %. The population consisted of all high school teachers of Shahrekord in academic year of 1387-88 (2008-2009). 160 teachers were selected using cluster sampling and the questionnaies were distributed among them. The reaserch findings showed that: 1. There was no significant relationship between complexity of structure at schools and job burnout among teachers. 2. There was no significant relationship between centralization of structure at schools and job burnout among teachers. 3. There was no significant relationship between formality of structure at school and job burnout among teachers. 4. There was no significant difference among teachers with regard to their demographic characteristics.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of educating grouping information counseling on the library anxiety and libraries behaviors users in public libraries. Methodology: The research method was experimental with comparing the results of pre-test and post test of two groups of experimental and control after educational courses about information counseling. The sample population of this research was the members of Foolad shahr Shahid Tavakoli library. 30 members were voluntary selected and put them in two groups. 6 sessions of 90 minutes were established for educating information counseling courses for experimental group. Self made questionnaire used for gathering data. Data were analyzed by using independent covariance with SPSS software. Findings: Results indicated that there were significant differences between two groups in terms of students’ scores regarding the pre and post test between five experimental and control group in Self efficacy users’ and interesting to study library anxiety, users come back again and Enjoyment of public library (p

Introduction Today, organizations are thought as organisms with independent identities different from those of their members. It is believed that they can affect the behavior of employees with their identity. Organizational citizenship has become an important component of every organization. Organizations have taken a serious responsibility to provide citizens with an opportunity for getting involved in the democratic values of society. Life satisfaction is the manifestation of changes in psychology, from dealing with psychopathological damages to optimizing quality of life. Happiness, a subset of the positive psychology, is considered to be a positive characteristic and one of human’s psychological needs. Organizational citizenship behavior, in a variety of organizational settings, intends to promote life satisfaction among employees .The present study is conducted to investigate the multiple relationships that are supposed to exist between organizational citizenship and life satisfaction of employees at the University of Isfahan. This article gives a summary of previous studies in which the relationship between organizational citizenship and life satisfaction of employees are investigated. By reviewing these studies we can see that organizational citizenship is effective in life satisfaction. They provide us with an evidence that it is possible to develop life satisfaction through improving organizational citizenship. Material & Methods Statistical population consists of all tenure employees who were employed in the academic year 2009-2010. The research method is one of descriptive-correlative. The statistical sample includes 99 employees (46 women & 53 men) who were selected by random cluster sampling method. Research instruments consist of two questionnaires (Poodsakoffs's organizational citizenship behavior questionnaire and Diener's life satisfaction questionnaire). The instruments' reliability was calculated through Alpha cronbach coefficient (0/85 and 0.79, respectively). The collected data was analyzed through descriptive (frequency, percentage, average) and inferential (regression analysis, t-test, ANOVA) statistics. Discussion of Results & Conclusions The results of the study show that there is a significant relationship between organizational citizenship and life satisfaction among research subjects. In fact, the multiple dimensions of organizational citizenship (conscientiousness, sportsmanship, sacrifice, and humanism) can predict the life satisfaction of employees. However, there is not a significant difference with regard to demographic characteristics and research variables In general, some researchers have argued that the overall ratings of employees' performance correspond to an employee’s overall value to an organization. This argument suggests that the weight that managers attach, when forming evaluations, to dimensions of organizational citizenship (conscientiousness, sportsmanship, sacrifice, and humanism) corresponds to the impact that these behaviors have on life satisfaction. Organizations should constantly pay attention to organizational citizenship and its multiple dimensions. Higher levels of organizational citizenship will result in better life satisfaction of employees and rates of social disorders begin to reduce. In fact, organizational citizenship is one of the main components of any successful organization. As a component of any basic health system in an effective organization, organizational citizenship paves the way for life-long learning among employees and enhance employees' life satisfaction. We suggest that managers apply effective approaches in organizational citizenship in order to mobilize employees according to organizational goals. It is necessary that they consider improvising organizational citizenship and take personal and organizational factors together. Considering the importance of organizational citizenship in increasing employees' life satisfaction, it is recommended that managers take this issue seriously and move towards a high level of efficiency and effectiveness.

The purpose of this research was to explore the role of General Factor of Personality (GFP) and adult attachment dimensions in marital quality through relationship attributions and emotional reactions. The sample consisted of 261 couples who were married at least more than one year and had no major stressful events in their lives up to the time of the study. In this study, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory (NEO-FFI), the Experiences in Close Relationships Questionnaire-Revised (ECR-R), the Relationship Attribution Measure (RAM), the Geneva Emotion Wheel (GEW), and the Perceived Relationship Quality Components (PRQC) were used for collecting the data. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was employed to analyze the data. The results suggest that attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance and GFP directly and indirectly, through relationship attributions and emotional reactions, were related to marital quality. In addition, relationship attributions are antecedent to emotional reactions. Based on the findings, an intrapersonal-situational model of marital quality is suggested.

Researchers and clinicians from many disciplines are interested in learning more about the effects of self-esteem. Self-esteem affects motivation, functional behavior, and life satisfaction, and it is associated with well-being throughout life, significantly. What individuals choose to do and the way they do it in part may depend on their self-esteem and it can also fulfill the aims of mental health. This paper presents an investigation to determine the effect of play on children’s self-esteem and surveys appropriate interventions in this area. This study was semi experimental and the sample was 3rd grade elementary students who were randomly assigned into control (n=15) and experimental (n=15) groups. The instrument was Rosenberg self-esteem scale [Rosenberg, M. (1965). Rosenberg self-esteem scale (RSE). Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Measures Package, 61.]. Independent variable was 12 group sessions of self-esteem games executed among experimental group. Data was analyzed with univariate analysis of covariance. Results showed that self-esteem games in α ≤ 0.05 were affected on self-esteem of children. Self-esteem game can be effective intervention for children self-esteem that with them control of factors such as time and children interactions with parent and teachers in future investigations could lead to greater confidence in its effectiveness discussed.

This paper investigates whether a quality improvement program can reduce work-family and family-work conflicts or not. The proposed study of this paper selects 30 female employees of municipality of Tehran, Iran and divides them into two groups of test and control group. The first group is asked to participate in eight 90-minute sessions of quality improvement program and after the program ends, both groups are requested to fill in Netemeyer’s work-family questionnaire. We then analyze the results using different statistical tests. The results of our survey indicate that quality improvement program statistically improves quality of life among the first group in reducing the work-family as well as family-work conflicts (P

Happiness plays essential role on building prosperity and success in any society. Happiness is one of the essential factors to reach prosperity and success in people’s life and jobs but happiness is not always the same as capability, but they may be correlated while capability is a necessary for having a happy life and happiness feeds back on capability in different ways. People who feel happy could better contribute to society and help other people build better future. This study performs a review on recently completed studies on factors, which influence happiness, new definitions of happiness. The study concentrates more on empirical investigations on the concept of happiness.

This paper presents an empirical investigation on procrastinating behavior among some high school students in city of Esfahan, Iran. The proposed study uses APSS test developed by Solomon and Rothblum (1984) [Solomon, L.J., & Rothblum, E.D. (1984). Academic procrastination: Frequency and cognitive-behavioral correlates. Journal of Counseling, 31, 503-509.]. The study selects a sample of 60 students who were enrolled as secondary high school in city of Esfahan, Iran. The study performs some intervention sessions including seven 75-minute sessions and finally post-test has been performed. The results of ANOVA test between these two groups of pre-test and post-test have revealed that the sessions could help students reduce their procrastination and increase their motivation on their education.

This paper investigates normalization and psychometric properties of career skills confidence inventory. For this purpose, we use Betz’s questionnaire [Betz, N. E., Harmon, L., & Borgen, F. (1996). The relationships of self- efficacy for the Holland themes to gender, occupational group membership, and vocational interests. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 43, 90-98.], which consists of 60 questions in three groups of self-awareness, exploration and planning. The study distributes the questionnaire among 600 randomly selected students and analyzes the feedback using Pearson correlation ratios. The results indicate that there are some positive and meaningful correlations between three component and career counseling. There are also positive and meaningful relationships among three components of self-awareness, exploration and planning.

This study examines the relationship between career interests, aptitude, mental health, happiness and academic performance among first-year high school students. The proposed study performs a descriptive research on 370 first-year students using multistage random cluster survey to collect the necessary data. The proposed study also uses strong career interest questionnaires, Oxford Happiness test, Health and Aptitude test scores and the semester GPA scores. Research data are analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient, and stepwise regression procedures. The results indicate that there is a significant and direct relationship between realistic, investigative, artistic, social, enterprising, convention and academic performance; but there is an unusual and significant inverse relation between realistic and academic performance. In addition, there is a direct relationship between mental health and academic performance, and between aptitude, happiness and academic performance. Generally, there is a relationship between career interest, aptitude, mental health, happiness and academic performance; and the greatest impact on academic performance is related to career interest, particularly investigative interest.

This paper performs a study to find the effect of training maternal behavior on a group of mothers who live in city of Esfahan, Iran. The study divides them into two experimental group and control group and examines the effects of training programs. The sample includes 40 women who have, at least, one child aged 4-8 years. The survey uses Abidin parenting stress questionnaire [Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting Stress Index. Odessa, FL: Psychological Assessment Resources.] and one group goes under 8 sessions of 2 hours long training programs. The results of ANOVA test indicate that two groups of mothers behave differently after attending training programs when the level of significance is one percent.

Academic failure is one of the most important issues in educational systems and there are several attempts held to prevent such issues. In this paper, we study the relationship between school connection and academic failure among some high schools students in city of Esfahan, Iran during the academic calendar of 2011-2012. The study chooses a sample of 377 students based on clustering sampling technique and using Pearson correlation test as well as stepwise multiple regression technique, the relationship between school connection and academic failure is investigated. The result of Pearson correlation ratio indicates that there is meaningful relationship between these two components. In addition, the result of regression analysis indicates that 32% of students’ academic failure is determined by this ratio.

Background: Patients who suffered coronary artery disease (CAD) experience a lower quality of life.This study aimed to investigate the mediating role of the illness perception variable in the relationship between mentalization and personality type D with quality of life in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods: The present study was performed using correlation modeling using structural equation modeling. Based on Cohen's sample size determination table, 210 patients with coronary heart disease were enrolled by random sampling method. Questionnaires of personality type D, quality of life (SF-36), mentalization (Ment S) and disease perception (IPQ) were used to gather data for this study which were completed by the patients themselves. After data collection, the relationship between the two variables with Pearson correlation and the interactive relationship in the structure of the theoretical model drawn in this study was evaluated using structural equation modeling.Findings: The final research model had a very good fit. The results showed a direct effect of D personality type and disease perception on quality of life but the direct effect of mentalization on quality of life was not significant. Also, the indirect effect of personality type D and mentalization through disease perception on quality of life was statistically significant.Conclusion: Cognitive and emotional representation of the disease, which is the illness perception, can mediate the relationship between psychological and personality variables with quality of life. Therefore, in improving the perception of the disease to improve the quality of life of patients, personality, behavioral and psychological variables can serve as targets of intervention.

A new Eu3+ PVC membrane electrode based on 1,2-diaminopropane-N, N,N',N'-tetraacetic acid (DAPTA) as a suitable ionophore has been prepared and studied. The electrode shows a good selectivity for Eu(III) ion with respect to most common cations including alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. This electrode has a wide linear dynamic range from 1.0×10-6 to 1.0×10-2 M with a Nernstian slope of 19.7±0.5 mV per decade and a low detection limit of 7.2×10-7 M in the pH range of 2.5–9.1, while the response time was rapid (