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Background: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is an important and preventable cause of intellectual disability. This study determined the incidence of CH and its related factors in Semnan city in Iran. Methods: All neonates born in Semnan from 2011 to 2016 who participated in a screening program for CH were evaluated to estimate the incidence of CH. In a nested case-control study, all diagnosed CH cases were compared with a control group of healthy newborns. Statistical analysis used conditional logistic regression model with STATA-14. Results: 106 out of 17,507 neonates born in Semnan during 2011–2016 were diagnosed with CH (6.05 cases per 1,000 live births). Maternal parity (odds ratio [OR] =1.78, P = 0.044), birth weight (OR = 0.29, P = 0.001), parental history of thyroid disease (OR = 3.43, P = 0.001), father's education (OR = 0.71, P = 0.003), father's occupation (nonworker) (OR = 2.97, P = 0.001), and the presence of other anomalies (OR = 4.14, P = 0.037) were related to the incidence of CH. Conclusions: The cumulative incidence of CH in Semnan was higher than in both the global and national statistics. Aside from well-known medical determinants, some important social factors such as father's occupation and education have a significant and independent relationship with occurrence of CH; rational attention should be given to them in health care programs to increase the effectiveness of preventative measures for CH.

The present study was carried out to assess knowledge, attitudes and practice (KAP) concerning early detection for breast cancer among Iranian health care providers (HCP).Three hundred and eighteen HCPs were selected with stratified simple random sampling and given questionnaires to determine their baseline KAP for breast cancer early detection. Results were compared among categories of age, educational level, marriage status and professional experience with the Chi square test.For six knowledge questions, 71.8% participants had four or more correct responses, 80.5% agreed completely with 'women will accept the screening program if the physicians advise it'. However, 48% of female HCPs did not carry out any method of breast cancer screening for themselves during the last year; 81.5% did not carry out breast examinations for the majority of female outpatients and inpatients during last year; only 5.1% recommended breast self examination (BSE) to more than 70% of their female patients.Knowledge and attitudes are relatively appropriate, but practical measures are not enough. Considering the HCP's role for implementing the national breast cancer control program, improvement in knowledge and attitudes is still important, but this may not be enough to reach to an appropriate level of desired practice.