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1. Antibiotic Resistance And Genotyping Of Gram-Positive Bacteria Causing Hospital-Acquired Infection In Patients Referring To Children’s Medical Center

Author

Mamishi S, Mohammadian M, Pourakbari B, Hosseinpour Sadeghi R, Haghi Ashtiani MT, Abdosalehi MR, Rahmani M, and Mahmoudi S

Subjects
antibiotic resistance, gram-positive bacteria, hospital-acquired infection, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Setareh Mamishi,1,2 Maryam Mohammadian,1 Babak Pourakbari,2 Reihaneh Hosseinpour Sadeghi,2 Mohammad Taghi Haghi Ashtiani,3 Mohammad Reza Abdosalehi,1 Maryam Rahmani,4 Shima Mahmoudi2 1Department of Infectious Diseases, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 2Pediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Pathology, Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; 4Pediatrics Center of Excellence, Children’s Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCorrespondence: Shima MahmoudiPediatric Infectious Disease Research Center, Children Medical Center Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No.62, Gharib St., Keshavarz Blvd., Tehran, IranTel/Fax +98-21-6642-8996Email sh-mahmoudi@sina.tums.ac.irIntroduction: A serious problem affecting human society is the development of bacterial resistance. The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the antibiotic resistance of Gram-positive bacteria (GPB) and genotyping of common GPB causing hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) in patients who were referred to Children’s Medical Center during a 6-month period by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR).Methods: During the 6-month period, antimicrobial resistance profiles of GPB isolates recovered from patients in Children’s Medical Center were determined using the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion and MIC. Typing of common GPB was performed and the results were analyzed by gel compare software.Results: In this cross-sectional study, 6524 cultures were performed and 138 Ggram-positive bacteria were isolated (2%). Staphylococcus aureus strains showed the highest antibiotic penicillin resistance (96.3%). Twenty-six per cent of the strains were methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and no resistance was found against vancomycin. All isolates of Enterococcus faecium were resistant to ciprofloxacin (100%). The resistance to vancomycin was very high (67%) and no resistance was observed to linezolid. The results of genotyping analysis of S. epidermidis strains showed the presence of two clones with a genetic relationship of over 80%. All of the S. aureus strains were in one cluster and half of the E. faecium strains were in a cluster with a genetic predilection of over 80%.Conclusion: This study indicated frequent occurrence of antimicrobial resistance, especially in Enterococcus spp. isolates. Rapid spreads of MRSA and VREF from a clonal origin require implementing careful isolation and infection control measures.Keywords: antibiotic resistance, Gram-positive bacteria, hospital-acquired infection

Published
2019

2. Air Pollution Quality Index (AQI) and Density of PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 in the Air of Qom

Author

Safdari M, Mohammadian M, Naddafi K, Azizifar M, and Khazaei M

Subjects
Particulate Matter, Air Pollution-Standards, Qom, Iran., Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background and Objectives: Air pollution has broad social, economical, political and technical aspects. one of the major issues in this regard is taking measures to prevent its increase. Since suspended particles are among the standard pollutants, the present study was carried out with the aim of measuring the amounts of these particles.Methods: In the present study, the suspended particles ( PM1, PM2.5 and PM10) were measured at two sites in Qom city. For each of them, 60 samples were selected with the Enviro Check during five consecutive months during summer (2 months) and fall.Results: During sampling, PM10 in the period between October 22'th to November 22nd 2007 had the maximum amount with the mean of 117µg/m3 and in the period between September 22'th to October 22nd 2007 it had the minimum amount with the mean of 83µg/m3. PM2.5 in the period between November 22nd to December 22nd 2007 with the mean of 33µg/m3 had the maximum amount and in the period between July 22nd to October 22nd 2007 it had the minimum amount with the mean of 8µg/m3. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, the densities of suspended particles PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 were below the standard levels on most occasions. The amounts of AQI for them were normal and acceptable.

Published
2011

6. Rapid Assessment of Tablet Quality Based on Raman Spectroscopy Analysis: Investigating the Effect of Storage Conditions on the Degradation of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient (API) of Acetaminophen Tablet.

Author

Mohammadian, M. Keshavarz, Tavassoli, S. H., and Karimi, S.

Subjects
*RAMAN spectroscopy, *DRUG efficacy, *TEMPERATURE effect, *HUMIDITY, *HIGH temperatures, *ACETAMINOPHEN
Abstract

ABSTRACT The effectiveness and safety of drugs may be compromised by the degradation of APIs during preparation processes or after they have been released to market. This study has investigated the degradation of 500‐mg Acetaminophen tablet (C8H9NO2) when stored under unfavorable conditions such as increased temperature and high levels of humidity. To quantify the amount of API, the Raman intensity variations of characteristic peaks of API and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (C6H9NO) are explored. By considering various sources of error in all experiments, the reliability of the extracted data set from Raman spectrums and the quality of results obtained using the utilized technique for predicting API is investigated at standard room temperature. The results demonstrate an acceptable precision in the range of pharmacopeia monograph. Then, the effect of temperature and humidity variations on the amount of API is investigated based on the related Raman spectra. The results show that the API's quantity starts to decrease after about 60 min at the temperature of 45°C ± 2°C and the relative humidity (RH) of 75% ± 2%. According to our results, when tablets are kept under the unfavorable conditions, the degradation pattern of API follows a logarithmic trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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7. Comprehensive Analysis of Papillomavirus (PV) and Its Implications in Cancer: Bridging the Gap between Human and Veterinary Medicine.

Author

Naseri, A., Matoofi, A., Ramezani, M. Mansouri, Kalantari, L., Amlashi, T. Taherzadeh, Roudaki, S., Mohammadian, M., and Omranzadeh, A.

Subjects
TUMOR suppressor proteins, MEDICAL scientists, IMMUNE checkpoint proteins, VACCINE hesitancy, INDIVIDUALIZED medicine
Abstract

The risk of cancer development posed by papillomavirus (PV) infections is significant, affecting both humans and domestic animals. This underscores the importance of understanding and addressing this viral threat. Recent research has demonstrated the potential of immunotherapies, particularly immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs), in enhancing the immune response against tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) and tumorrelated neoantigens, thereby facilitating their neutralization by the immune system. Furthermore, vaccines designed to enhance the immune response against PV-infected cells have yielded promising results, strengthening CD4+ and CD8+ T cell reactions and potentially impeding cancer progression. The oncoproteins E6 and E7, which are notably implicated in the development of malignancies, exert deleterious effects by disrupting tumor suppressor proteins and facilitating immune evasion and tumor proliferation, particularly in high-risk PV genotypes such as HPV-16 and HPV-18. Notwithstanding obstacles such as vaccine hesitancy and concerns regarding vaccine toxicity, PV vaccines have transformed disease prevention strategies, offering a promising avenue in the fight against PV-associated cancers. Advancements in precision medicine and immunotherapy offer promise in the management of advanced PV-related cancers. By identifying and exploiting specific molecular vulnerabilities, while simultaneously bolstering immune responses, these approaches may prove invaluable in combating this disease. This transformative approach has the potential to treat established cancers and prevent their recurrence and progression. Consequently, immunotherapies, therapeutic vaccines, and precision medicine have become the subject of considerable scientific interest due to their capacity to enhance the quality of life and outcomes for individuals afflicted with PVrelated cancers. By harnessing the immune system's power and leveraging cutting-edge therapeutic modalities, researchers and clinicians are poised to reshape the landscape of cancer treatment, offering renewed hope and optimism for those affected by PVassociated malignancies. It is therefore imperative that innovative strategies be integrated into clinical practice in order to effectively combat the formidable challenge posed by PVinduced cancers. In conclusion, this review presents a promising direction for combating PV infections and associated malignancies, with the potential to transform the landscape of cancer treatment. By employing immunotherapies, therapeutic vaccines, and precision medicine, researchers and clinicians are positioned to make substantial advancements in the prevention and treatment of PV-related cancers, ultimately enhancing patient outcomes and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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20. Physiological responses of different Oak species to dust in Northern Zagros Forests, Iran.

Author

Moradi, A., Mohammadian, M. Afshar, Abkenar, K. Taheri, Shabanian, N., Bandak, I., Dragovich, D., and Sadeghi, A.

Subjects
*OAK, *DUST, *MINERAL dusts, *FOREST restoration, *PHOTOSYNTHETIC rates, *DUST control, *SPECIES
Abstract

This study was conducted to examine the impacts of dust on leaf mineral elements and selected physiological responses of three different Oak species in Western Zagros, Iran. Three-year-old seedlings of the Oak species Quercus brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria were exposed to dust under natural conditions. Photosynthesis, chlorophyll, proline and selected leaf mineral elements were examined in a two-factorial experiment including species (Q. brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria) and dust exposure (dust-exposed and without dust as control). The results showed that dust had a significant effect on photosynthesis rate of all species. Dust decreased photosynthesis rate to about 38%, 13% and 32% for Q. brantii, Q. libani and Q. infectoria, respectively. Dust also had a significant effect on proline and chlorophyll content of Oak leaves. Q. infectoria had the lowest total chlorophyll content with 42%. Among the studied species, Q. libani appears to be most suitable for growing under dust exposure, as this species had the lowest reduction in chlorophyll and photosynthesis. Planting Q. libani on northern slopes in Zagros forests, where Oak forests receive higher precipitation, presumably enhances the success of forest restoration under the combined effects of climate change and dust exposure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023

27. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration, Fitzmaurice C, Abate D, Abbasi N, Abbastabar H, Abd-Allah F, Abdel-Rahman O, Abdelalim A, Abdoli A, Abdollahpour I, Abdulle ASM, Abebe ND, Abraha HN, Abu-Raddad LJ, Abualhasan A, Adedeji IA, Advani SM, Afarideh M, Afshari M, Aghaali M, Agius D, Agrawal S, Ahmadi A, Ahmadian E, Ahmadpour E, Ahmed MB, Akbari ME, Akinyemiju T, Al-Aly Z, AlAbdulKader AM, Alahdab F, Alam T, Alamene GM, Alemnew BTT, Alene KA, Alinia C, Alipour V, Aljunid SM, Bakeshei FA, Almadi MAH, Almasi-Hashiani A, Alsharif U, Alsowaidi S, Alvis-Guzman N, Amini E, Amini S, Amoako YA, Anbari Z, Anber NH, Andrei CL, Anjomshoa M, Ansari F, Ansariadi A, Appiah SCY, Arab-Zozani M, Arabloo J, Arefi Z, Aremu O, Areri HA, Artaman A, Asayesh H, Asfaw ET, Ashagre AF, Assadi R, Ataeinia B, Atalay HT, Ataro Z, Atique S, Ausloos M, Avila-Burgos L, Avokpaho EFGA, Awasthi A, Awoke N, Ayala Quintanilla BP, Ayanore MA, Ayele HT, Babaee E, Bacha U, Badawi A, Bagherzadeh M, Bagli E, Balakrishnan S, Balouchi A, Bärnighausen TW, Battista RJ, Behzadifar M, Bekele BB, Belay YB, Belayneh YM, Berfield KKS, Berhane A, Bernabe E, Beuran M, Bhakta N, Bhattacharyya K, Biadgo B, Bijani A, Bin Sayeed MS, Birungi C, Bisignano C, Bitew H, Bjørge T, Bleyer A, Bogale KA, Bojia HA, Borzì AM, Bosetti C, Bou-Orm IR, Brenner H, Brewer JD, Briko AN, Briko NI, Bustamante-Teixeira MT, Butt ZA, Carreras G, Carrero JJ, Carvalho F, Castro C, Castro F, Catalá-López F, Cerin E, Chaiah Y, Chanie WF, Chattu VK, Chaturvedi P, Chauhan NS, Chehrazi M, Chiang PP, Chichiabellu TY, Chido-Amajuoyi OG, Chimed-Ochir O, Choi JJ, Christopher DJ, Chu DT, Constantin MM, Costa VM, Crocetti E, Crowe CS, Curado MP, Dahlawi SMA, Damiani G, Darwish AH, Daryani A, das Neves J, Demeke FM, Demis AB, Demissie BW, Demoz GT, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Derakhshani A, Deribe KS, Desai R, Desalegn BB, Desta M, Dey S, Dharmaratne SD, Dhimal M, Diaz D, Dinberu MTT, Djalalinia S, Doku DT, Drake TM, Dubey M, Dubljanin E, Duken EE, Ebrahimi H, Effiong A, Eftekhari A, El Sayed I, Zaki MES, El-Jaafary SI, El-Khatib Z, Elemineh DA, Elkout H, Ellenbogen RG, Elsharkawy A, Emamian MH, Endalew DA, Endries AY, Eshrati B, Fadhil I, Fallah V, Faramarzi M, Farhangi MA, Farioli A, Farzadfar F, Fentahun N, Fernandes E, Feyissa GT, Filip I, Fischer F, Fisher JL, Force LM, Foroutan M, Freitas M, Fukumoto T, Futran ND, Gallus S, Gankpe FG, Gayesa RT, Gebrehiwot TT, Gebremeskel GG, Gedefaw GA, Gelaw BK, Geta B, Getachew S, Gezae KE, Ghafourifard M, Ghajar A, Ghashghaee A, Gholamian A, Gill PS, Ginindza TTG, Girmay A, Gizaw M, Gomez RS, Gopalani SV, Gorini G, Goulart BNG, Grada A, Ribeiro Guerra M, Guimaraes ALS, Gupta PC, Gupta R, Hadkhale K, Haj-Mirzaian A, Hamadeh RR, Hamidi S, Hanfore LK, Haro JM, Hasankhani M, Hasanzadeh A, Hassen HY, Hay RJ, Hay SI, Henok A, Henry NJ, Herteliu C, Hidru HD, Hoang CL, Hole MK, Hoogar P, Horita N, Hosgood HD, Hosseini M, Hosseinzadeh M, Hostiuc M, Hostiuc S, Househ M, Hussen MM, Ileanu B, Ilic MD, Innos K, Irvani SSN, Iseh KR, Islam SMS, Islami F, Jafari Balalami N, Jafarinia M, Jahangiry L, Jahani MA, Jahanmehr N, Jakovljevic M, James SL, Javanbakht M, Jayaraman S, Jee SH, Jenabi E, Jha RP, Jonas JB, Jonnagaddala J, Joo T, Jungari SB, Jürisson M, Kabir A, Kamangar F, Karch A, Karimi N, Karimian A, Kasaeian A, Kasahun GG, Kassa B, Kassa TD, Kassaw MW, Kaul A, Keiyoro PN, Kelbore AG, Kerbo AA, Khader YS, Khalilarjmandi M, Khan EA, Khan G, Khang YH, Khatab K, Khater A, Khayamzadeh M, Khazaee-Pool M, Khazaei S, Khoja AT, Khosravi MH, Khubchandani J, Kianipour N, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kisa A, Kisa S, Kissimova-Skarbek K, Komaki H, Koyanagi A, Krohn KJ, Bicer BK, Kugbey N, Kumar V, Kuupiel D, La Vecchia C, Lad DP, Lake EA, Lakew AM, Lal DK, Lami FH, Lan Q, Lasrado S, Lauriola P, Lazarus JV, Leigh J, Leshargie CT, Liao Y, Limenih MA, Listl S, Lopez AD, Lopukhov PD, Lunevicius R, Madadin M, Magdeldin S, El Razek HMA, Majeed A, Maleki A, Malekzadeh R, Manafi A, Manafi N, Manamo WA, Mansourian M, Mansournia MA, Mantovani LG, Maroufizadeh S, Martini SMS, Mashamba-Thompson TP, Massenburg BB, Maswabi MT, Mathur MR, McAlinden C, McKee M, Meheretu HAA, Mehrotra R, Mehta V, Meier T, Melaku YA, Meles GG, Meles HG, Melese A, Melku M, Memiah PTN, Mendoza W, Menezes RG, Merat S, Meretoja TJ, Mestrovic T, Miazgowski B, Miazgowski T, Mihretie KMM, Miller TR, Mills EJ, Mir SM, Mirzaei H, Mirzaei HR, Mishra R, Moazen B, Mohammad DK, Mohammad KA, Mohammad Y, Darwesh AM, Mohammadbeigi A, Mohammadi H, Mohammadi M, Mohammadian M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani M, Mohammadpourhodki R, Mohammed AS, Mohammed JA, Mohammed S, Mohebi F, Mokdad AH, Monasta L, Moodley Y, Moosazadeh M, Moossavi M, Moradi G, Moradi-Joo M, Moradi-Lakeh M, Moradpour F, Morawska L, Morgado-da-Costa J, Morisaki N, Morrison SD, Mosapour A, Mousavi SM, Muche AA, Muhammed OSS, Musa J, Nabhan AR, Naderi M, Nagarajan AJ, Nagel G, Nahvijou A, Naik G, Najafi F, Naldi L, Nam HS, Nasiri N, Nazari J, Negoi I, Neupane S, Newcomb PA, Nggada HA, Ngunjiri JW, Nguyen CT, Nikniaz L, Ningrum DNA, Nirayo YL, Nixon MR, Nnaji CA, Nojomi M, Nosratnejad S, Shiadeh MN, Obsa MS, Ofori-Asenso R, Ogbo FA, Oh IH, Olagunju AT, Olagunju TO, Oluwasanu MM, Omonisi AE, Onwujekwe OE, Oommen AM, Oren E, Ortega-Altamirano DDV, Ota E, Otstavnov SS, Owolabi MO, P A M, Padubidri JR, Pakhale S, Pakpour AH, Pana A, Park EK, Parsian H, Pashaei T, Patel S, Patil ST, Pennini A, Pereira DM, Piccinelli C, Pillay JD, Pirestani M, Pishgar F, Postma MJ, Pourjafar H, Pourmalek F, Pourshams A, Prakash S, Prasad N, Qorbani M, Rabiee M, Rabiee N, Radfar A, Rafiei A, Rahim F, Rahimi M, Rahman MA, Rajati F, Rana SM, Raoofi S, Rath GK, Rawaf DL, Rawaf S, Reiner RC, Renzaho AMN, Rezaei N, Rezapour A, Ribeiro AI, Ribeiro D, Ronfani L, Roro EM, Roshandel G, Rostami A, Saad RS, Sabbagh P, Sabour S, Saddik B, Safiri S, Sahebkar A, Salahshoor MR, Salehi F, Salem H, Salem MR, Salimzadeh H, Salomon JA, Samy AM, Sanabria J, Santric Milicevic MM, Sartorius B, Sarveazad A, Sathian B, Satpathy M, Savic M, Sawhney M, Sayyah M, Schneider IJC, Schöttker B, Sekerija M, Sepanlou SG, Sepehrimanesh M, Seyedmousavi S, Shaahmadi F, Shabaninejad H, Shahbaz M, Shaikh MA, Shamshirian A, Shamsizadeh M, Sharafi H, Sharafi Z, Sharif M, Sharifi A, Sharifi H, Sharma R, Sheikh A, Shirkoohi R, Shukla SR, Si S, Siabani S, Silva DAS, Silveira DGA, Singh A, Singh JA, Sisay S, Sitas F, Sobngwi E, Soofi M, Soriano JB, Stathopoulou V, Sufiyan MB, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tabuchi T, Takahashi K, Tamtaji OR, Tarawneh MR, Tassew SG, Taymoori P, Tehrani-Banihashemi A, Temsah MH, Temsah O, Tesfay BE, Tesfay FH, Teshale MY, Tessema GA, Thapa S, Tlaye KG, Topor-Madry R, Tovani-Palone MR, Traini E, Tran BX, Tran KB, Tsadik AG, Ullah I, Uthman OA, Vacante M, Vaezi M, Varona Pérez P, Veisani Y, Vidale S, Violante FS, Vlassov V, Vollset SE, Vos T, Vosoughi K, Vu GT, Vujcic IS, Wabinga H, Wachamo TM, Wagnew FS, Waheed Y, Weldegebreal F, Weldesamuel GT, Wijeratne T, Wondafrash DZ, Wonde TE, Wondmieneh AB, Workie HM, Yadav R, Yadegar A, Yadollahpour A, Yaseri M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi V, Yeshaneh A, Yimam MA, Yimer EM, Yisma E, Yonemoto N, Younis MZ, Yousefi B, Yousefifard M, Yu C, Zabeh E, Zadnik V, Moghadam TZ, Zaidi Z, Zamani M, Zandian H, Zangeneh A, Zaki L, Zendehdel K, Zenebe ZM, Zewale TA, Ziapour A, Zodpey S, Murray CJL, Fitzmaurice C., Abate D., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdel-Rahman O., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulle A.S.M., Abebe N.D., Abraha H.N., Abu-Raddad L.J., Abualhasan A., Adedeji I.A., Advani S.M., Afarideh M., Afshari M., Aghaali M., Agius D., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadian E., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M.B., Akbari M.E., Akinyemiju T., Al-Aly Z., Alabdulkader A.M., Alahdab F., Alam T., Alamene G.M., Alemnew B.T.T., Alene K.A., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S.M., Bakeshei F.A., Almadi M.A.H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Alsharif U., Alsowaidi S., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini E., Amini S., Amoako Y.A., Anbari Z., Anber N.H., Andrei C.L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansariadi A., Appiah S.C.Y., Arab-Zozani M., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Areri H.A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asfaw E.T., Ashagre A.F., Assadi R., Ataeinia B., Atalay H.T., Ataro Z., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E.F.G.A., Awasthi A., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayanore M.A., Ayele H.T., Babaee E., Bacha U., Badawi A., Bagherzadeh M., Bagli E., Balakrishnan S., Balouchi A., Barnighausen T.W., Battista R.J., Behzadifar M., Bekele B.B., Belay Y.B., Belayneh Y.M., Berfield K.K.S., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Beuran M., Bhakta N., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M.S., Birungi C., Bisignano C., Bitew H., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Bogale K.A., Bojia H.A., Borzi A.M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I.R., Brenner H., Brewer J.D., Briko A.N., Briko N.I., Bustamante-Teixeira M.T., Butt Z.A., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castro C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chanie W.F., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi P., Chauhan N.S., Chehrazi M., Chiang P.P.-C., Chichiabellu T.Y., Chido-Amajuoyi O.G., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J.-Y.J., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Constantin M.-M., Costa V.M., Crocetti E., Crowe C.S., Curado M.P., Dahlawi S.M.A., Damiani G., Darwish A.H., Daryani A., Das Neves J., Demeke F.M., Demis A.B., Demissie B.W., Demoz G.T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derakhshani A., Deribe K.S., Desai R., Desalegn B.B., Desta M., Dey S., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M.T.T., Djalalinia S., Doku D.T., Drake T.M., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E.E., Ebrahimi H., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Zaki M.E.S., El-Jaafary S.I., El-Khatib Z., Elemineh D.A., Elkout H., Ellenbogen R.G., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M.H., Endalew D.A., Endries A.Y., Eshrati B., Fadhil I., Fallah V., Faramarzi M., Farhangi M.A., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fentahun N., Fernandes E., Feyissa G.T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Force L.M., Foroutan M., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Futran N.D., Gallus S., Gankpe F.G., Gayesa R.T., Gebrehiwot T.T., Gebremeskel G.G., Gedefaw G.A., Gelaw B.K., Geta B., Getachew S., Gezae K.E., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill P.S., Ginindza T.T.G., Girmay A., Gizaw M., Gomez R.S., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Goulart B.N.G., Grada A., Ribeiro Guerra M., Guimaraes A.L.S., Gupta P.C., Gupta R., Hadkhale K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R.R., Hamidi S., Hanfore L.K., Haro J.M., Hasankhani M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassen H.Y., Hay R.J., Hay S.I., Henok A., Henry N.J., Herteliu C., Hidru H.D., Hoang C.L., Hole M.K., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H.D., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hussen M.M., Ileanu B., Ilic M.D., Innos K., Irvani S.S.N., Iseh K.R., Islam S.M.S., Islami F., Jafari Balalami N., Jafarinia M., Jahangiry L., Jahani M.A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., James S.L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S., Jee S.H., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Jonas J.B., Jonnagaddala J., Joo T., Jungari S.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kamangar F., Karch A., Karimi N., Karimian A., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G.G., Kassa B., Kassa T.D., Kassaw M.W., Kaul A., Keiyoro P.N., Kelbore A.G., Kerbo A.A., Khader Y.S., Khalilarjmandi M., Khan E.A., Khan G., Khang Y.-H., Khatab K., Khater A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khoja A.T., Khosravi M.H., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim D., Kim Y.J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Komaki H., Koyanagi A., Krohn K.J., Bicer B.K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kuupiel D., La Vecchia C., Lad D.P., Lake E.A., Lakew A.M., Lal D.K., Lami F.H., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Lazarus J.V., Leigh J., Leshargie C.T., Liao Y., Limenih M.A., Listl S., Lopez A.D., Lopukhov P.D., Lunevicius R., Madadin M., Magdeldin S., El Razek H.M.A., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manamo W.A., Mansourian M., Mansournia M.A., Mantovani L.G., Maroufizadeh S., Martini S.M.S., Mashamba-Thompson T.P., Massenburg B.B., Maswabi M.T., Mathur M.R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Meheretu 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Subjects
Cancer Research, age distribution, cancer incidence, Colorectal cancer, GBD, DALY, cancer risk, Global Health, Global Burden of Disease, disease burden, cause of death, trachea cancer, 0302 clinical medicine, systematic review, Neoplasms, quality adjusted life year, 11. Sustainability, Epidemiology, cancer mortality, 030212 general & internal medicine, years of life lost, Stomach cancer, fertility, disabled person, stomach cancer, disability-adjusted life year, nonhodgkin lymphoma, Incidence, 1. No poverty, prostate cancer, 3. Good health, income, Oncology, risk factor, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, bladder cancer, Quality-Adjusted Life Years, medicine.medical_specialty, sex difference, 3122 Cancers, colorectal cancer, bronchus cancer, Article, educational status, Causes of cancer, liver cancer, 03 medical and health sciences, Breast cancer, breast cancer, Environmental health, geographic distribution, medicine, Humans, Disabled Persons, human, business.industry, Correction, Cancer, non melanoma skin cancer, medicine.disease, years lived with disability, lung cancer, Years of potential life lost, Skin cancer, global disease burden, business, neoplasm, RC, uterine cervix cancer
Abstract

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Published
2019
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31. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Author

Fitzmaurice, C, Abate, D, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulle, A, Abebe, N, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abualhasan, A, Adedeji, I, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Agius, D, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadian, E, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemiju, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alabdulkader, A, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alamene, G, Alemnew, B, Alene, K, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Bakeshei, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Amini, S, Amoako, Y, Anbari, Z, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansariadi, A, Appiah, S, Arab-Zozani, M, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ashagre, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, H, Babaee, E, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Bagli, E, Balakrishnan, S, Balouchi, A, Barnighausen, T, Battista, R, Behzadifar, M, Bekele, B, Belay, Y, Belayneh, Y, Berfield, K, Berhane, A, Bernabe, E, Beuran, M, Bhakta, N, Bhattacharyya, K, Biadgo, B, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, M, Birungi, C, Bisignano, C, Bitew, H, Bjorge, T, Bleyer, A, Bogale, K, Bojia, H, Borzi, A, Bosetti, C, Bou-Orm, I, Brenner, H, Brewer, J, Briko, A, Briko, N, Bustamante-Teixeira, M, Butt, Z, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castro, C, Castro, F, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chaiah, Y, Chanie, W, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, P, Chauhan, N, Chehrazi, M, Chiang, P, Chichiabellu, T, Chido-Amajuoyi, O, Chimed-Ochir, O, Choi, J, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Constantin, M, Costa, V, Crocetti, E, Crowe, C, Curado, M, Dahlawi, S, Damiani, G, Darwish, A, Daryani, A, Das Neves, J, Demeke, F, Demis, A, Demissie, B, Demoz, G, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Derakhshani, A, Deribe, K, Desai, R, Desalegn, B, Desta, M, Dey, S, Dharmaratne, S, Dhimal, M, Diaz, D, Dinberu, M, Djalalinia, S, Doku, D, Drake, T, Dubey, M, Dubljanin, E, Duken, E, Ebrahimi, H, Effiong, A, Eftekhari, A, El Sayed, I, Zaki, M, El-Jaafary, S, El-Khatib, Z, Elemineh, D, Elkout, H, Ellenbogen, R, Elsharkawy, A, Emamian, M, Endalew, D, Endries, A, Eshrati, B, Fadhil, I, Fallah, V, Faramarzi, M, Farhangi, M, Farioli, A, Farzadfar, F, Fentahun, N, Fernandes, E, Feyissa, G, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Force, L, Foroutan, M, Freitas, M, Fukumoto, T, Futran, N, Gallus, S, Gankpe, F, Gayesa, R, Gebrehiwot, T, Gebremeskel, G, Gedefaw, G, Gelaw, B, Geta, B, Getachew, S, Gezae, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghajar, A, Ghashghaee, A, Gholamian, A, Gill, P, Ginindza, T, Girmay, A, Gizaw, M, Gomez, R, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Goulart, B, Grada, A, Ribeiro Guerra, M, Guimaraes, A, Gupta, P, Gupta, R, Hadkhale, K, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hamadeh, R, Hamidi, S, Hanfore, L, Haro, J, Hasankhani, M, Hasanzadeh, A, Hassen, H, Hay, R, Hay, S, Henok, A, Henry, N, Herteliu, C, Hidru, H, Hoang, C, Hole, M, Hoogar, P, Horita, N, Hosgood, H, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hussen, M, Ileanu, B, Ilic, M, Innos, K, Irvani, S, Iseh, K, Islam, S, Islami, F, Jafari Balalami, N, Jafarinia, M, Jahangiry, L, Jahani, M, Jahanmehr, N, Jakovljevic, M, James, S, Javanbakht, M, Jayaraman, S, Jee, S, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jonas, J, Jonnagaddala, J, Joo, T, Jungari, S, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kamangar, F, Karch, A, Karimi, N, Karimian, A, Kasaeian, A, Kasahun, G, Kassa, B, Kassa, T, Kassaw, M, Kaul, A, Keiyoro, P, Kelbore, A, Kerbo, A, Khader, Y, Khalilarjmandi, M, Khan, E, Khan, G, Khang, Y, Khatab, K, Khater, A, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, A, Khosravi, M, Khubchandani, J, Kianipour, N, Kim, D, Kim, Y, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kissimova-Skarbek, K, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Krohn, K, Bicer, B, Kugbey, N, Kumar, V, Kuupiel, D, La Vecchia, C, Lad, D, Lake, E, Lakew, A, Lal, D, Lami, F, Lan, Q, Lasrado, S, Lauriola, P, Lazarus, J, Leigh, J, Leshargie, C, Liao, Y, Limenih, M, Listl, S, Lopez, A, Lopukhov, P, Lunevicius, R, Madadin, M, Magdeldin, S, El Razek, H, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Manafi, A, Manafi, N, Manamo, W, Mansourian, M, Mansournia, M, Mantovani, L, Maroufizadeh, S, Martini, S, Mashamba-Thompson, T, Massenburg, B, Maswabi, M, Mathur, M, Mcalinden, C, Mckee, M, Meheretu, H, Mehrotra, R, Mehta, V, Meier, T, Melaku, Y, Meles, G, Meles, H, Melese, A, Melku, M, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Merat, S, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Mihretie, K, Miller, T, Mills, E, Mir, S, Mirzaei, H, Mishra, R, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammad, K, Mohammad, Y, Darwesh, A, Mohammadbeigi, A, Mohammadi, H, Mohammadi, M, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, A, Mohammed, J, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, A, Monasta, L, Moodley, Y, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradi-Joo, M, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradpour, F, Morawska, L, Morgado-Da-costa, J, Morisaki, N, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi, S, Muche, A, Muhammed, O, Musa, J, Nabhan, A, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Nagel, G, Nahvijou, A, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Naldi, L, Nam, H, Nasiri, N, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Neupane, S, Newcomb, P, Nggada, H, Ngunjiri, J, Nguyen, C, Nikniaz, L, Ningrum, D, Nirayo, Y, Nixon, M, Nnaji, C, Nojomi, M, Nosratnejad, S, Shiadeh, M, Obsa, M, Ofori-Asenso, R, Ogbo, F, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olagunju, T, Oluwasanu, M, Omonisi, A, Onwujekwe, O, Oommen, A, Oren, E, Ortega-Altamirano, D, Ota, E, Otstavnov, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakhale, S, Pakpour, A, Pana, A, Park, E, Parsian, H, Pashaei, T, Patel, S, Patil, S, Pennini, A, Pereira, D, Piccinelli, C, Pillay, J, Pirestani, M, Pishgar, F, Postma, M, Pourjafar, H, Pourmalek, F, Pourshams, A, Prakash, S, Prasad, N, Qorbani, M, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi, M, Rahman, M, Rajati, F, Rana, S, Raoofi, S, Rath, G, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Reiner, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Ribeiro, A, Ribeiro, D, Ronfani, L, Roro, E, Roshandel, G, Rostami, A, Saad, R, Sabbagh, P, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Safiri, S, Sahebkar, A, Salahshoor, M, Salehi, F, Salem, H, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Salomon, J, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric Milicevic, M, Sartorius, B, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Satpathy, M, Savic, M, Sawhney, M, Sayyah, M, Schneider, I, Schottker, B, Sekerija, M, Sepanlou, S, Sepehrimanesh, M, Seyedmousavi, S, Shaahmadi, F, Shabaninejad, H, Shahbaz, M, Shaikh, M, Shamshirian, A, Shamsizadeh, M, Sharafi, H, Sharafi, Z, Sharif, M, Sharifi, A, Sharifi, H, Sharma, R, Sheikh, A, Shirkoohi, R, Shukla, S, Si, S, Siabani, S, Silva, D, Silveira, D, Singh, A, Singh, J, Sisay, S, Sitas, F, Sobngwi, E, Soofi, M, Soriano, J, Stathopoulou, V, Sufiyan, M, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Takahashi, K, Tamtaji, O, Tarawneh, M, Tassew, S, Taymoori, P, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Temsah, M, Temsah, O, Tesfay, B, Tesfay, F, Teshale, M, Tessema, G, Thapa, S, Tlaye, K, Topor-Madry, R, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, B, Tran, K, Tsadik, A, Ullah, I, Uthman, O, Vacante, M, Vaezi, M, Varona Perez, P, Veisani, Y, Vidale, S, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vollset, S, Vos, T, Vosoughi, K, Vu, G, Vujcic, I, Wabinga, H, Wachamo, T, Wagnew, F, Waheed, Y, Weldegebreal, F, Weldesamuel, G, Wijeratne, T, Wondafrash, D, Wonde, T, Wondmieneh, A, Workie, H, Yadav, R, Yadegar, A, Yadollahpour, A, Yaseri, M, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshaneh, A, Yimam, M, Yimer, E, Yisma, E, Yonemoto, N, Younis, M, Yousefi, B, Yousefifard, M, Yu, C, Zabeh, E, Zadnik, V, Moghadam, T, Zaidi, Z, Zamani, M, Zandian, H, Zangeneh, A, Zaki, L, Zendehdel, K, Zenebe, Z, Zewale, T, Ziapour, A, Zodpey, S, Murray, C, Fitzmaurice C., Abate D., Abbasi N., Abbastabar H., Abd-Allah F., Abdel-Rahman O., Abdelalim A., Abdoli A., Abdollahpour I., Abdulle A. S. M., Abebe N. D., Abraha H. N., Abu-Raddad L. J., Abualhasan A., Adedeji I. A., Advani S. M., Afarideh M., Afshari M., Aghaali M., Agius D., Agrawal S., Ahmadi A., Ahmadian E., Ahmadpour E., Ahmed M. B., Akbari M. E., Akinyemiju T., Al-Aly Z., Alabdulkader A. M., Alahdab F., Alam T., Alamene G. M., Alemnew B. T. T., Alene K. A., Alinia C., Alipour V., Aljunid S. M., Bakeshei F. A., Almadi M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani A., Alsharif U., Alsowaidi S., Alvis-Guzman N., Amini E., Amini S., Amoako Y. A., Anbari Z., Anber N. H., Andrei C. L., Anjomshoa M., Ansari F., Ansariadi A., Appiah S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani M., Arabloo J., Arefi Z., Aremu O., Areri H. A., Artaman A., Asayesh H., Asfaw E. T., Ashagre A. F., Assadi R., Ataeinia B., Atalay H. T., Ataro Z., Atique S., Ausloos M., Avila-Burgos L., Avokpaho E. F. G. A., Awasthi A., Awoke N., Ayala Quintanilla B. P., Ayanore M. A., Ayele H. T., Babaee E., Bacha U., Badawi A., Bagherzadeh M., Bagli E., Balakrishnan S., Balouchi A., Barnighausen T. W., Battista R. J., Behzadifar M., Bekele B. B., Belay Y. B., Belayneh Y. M., Berfield K. K. S., Berhane A., Bernabe E., Beuran M., Bhakta N., Bhattacharyya K., Biadgo B., Bijani A., Bin Sayeed M. S., Birungi C., Bisignano C., Bitew H., Bjorge T., Bleyer A., Bogale K. A., Bojia H. A., Borzi A. M., Bosetti C., Bou-Orm I. R., Brenner H., Brewer J. D., Briko A. N., Briko N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira M. T., Butt Z. A., Carreras G., Carrero J. J., Carvalho F., Castro C., Castro F., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chaiah Y., Chanie W. F., Chattu V. K., Chaturvedi P., Chauhan N. S., Chehrazi M., Chiang P. P. -C., Chichiabellu T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi O. G., Chimed-Ochir O., Choi J. -Y. J., Christopher D. J., Chu D. -T., Constantin M. -M., Costa V. M., Crocetti E., Crowe C. S., Curado M. P., Dahlawi S. M. A., Damiani G., Darwish A. H., Daryani A., Das Neves J., Demeke F. M., Demis A. B., Demissie B. W., Demoz G. T., Denova-Gutierrez E., Derakhshani A., Deribe K. S., Desai R., Desalegn B. B., Desta M., Dey S., Dharmaratne S. D., Dhimal M., Diaz D., Dinberu M. T. T., Djalalinia S., Doku D. T., Drake T. M., Dubey M., Dubljanin E., Duken E. E., Ebrahimi H., Effiong A., Eftekhari A., El Sayed I., Zaki M. E. S., El-Jaafary S. I., El-Khatib Z., Elemineh D. A., Elkout H., Ellenbogen R. G., Elsharkawy A., Emamian M. H., Endalew D. A., Endries A. Y., Eshrati B., Fadhil I., Fallah V., Faramarzi M., Farhangi M. A., Farioli A., Farzadfar F., Fentahun N., Fernandes E., Feyissa G. T., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J. L., Force L. M., Foroutan M., Freitas M., Fukumoto T., Futran N. D., Gallus S., Gankpe F. G., Gayesa R. T., Gebrehiwot T. T., Gebremeskel G. G., Gedefaw G. A., Gelaw B. K., Geta B., Getachew S., Gezae K. E., Ghafourifard M., Ghajar A., Ghashghaee A., Gholamian A., Gill P. S., Ginindza T. T. G., Girmay A., Gizaw M., Gomez R. S., Gopalani S. V., Gorini G., Goulart B. N. G., Grada A., Ribeiro Guerra M., Guimaraes A. L. S., Gupta P. C., Gupta R., Hadkhale K., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hamadeh R. R., Hamidi S., Hanfore L. K., Haro J. M., Hasankhani M., Hasanzadeh A., Hassen H. Y., Hay R. J., Hay S. I., Henok A., Henry N. J., Herteliu C., Hidru H. D., Hoang C. L., Hole M. K., Hoogar P., Horita N., Hosgood H. D., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hussen M. M., Ileanu B., Ilic M. D., Innos K., Irvani S. S. N., Iseh K. R., Islam S. M. S., Islami F., Jafari Balalami N., Jafarinia M., Jahangiry L., Jahani M. A., Jahanmehr N., Jakovljevic M., James S. L., Javanbakht M., Jayaraman S., Jee S. H., Jenabi E., Jha R. P., Jonas J. B., Jonnagaddala J., Joo T., Jungari S. B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kamangar F., Karch A., Karimi N., Karimian A., Kasaeian A., Kasahun G. G., Kassa B., Kassa T. D., Kassaw M. W., Kaul A., Keiyoro P. N., Kelbore A. G., Kerbo A. A., Khader Y. S., Khalilarjmandi M., Khan E. A., Khan G., Khang Y. -H., Khatab K., Khater A., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaee-Pool M., Khazaei S., Khoja A. T., Khosravi M. H., Khubchandani J., Kianipour N., Kim D., Kim Y. J., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kissimova-Skarbek K., Komaki H., Koyanagi A., Krohn K. J., Bicer B. K., Kugbey N., Kumar V., Kuupiel D., La Vecchia C., Lad D. P., Lake E. A., Lakew A. M., Lal D. K., Lami F. H., Lan Q., Lasrado S., Lauriola P., Lazarus J. V., Leigh J., Leshargie C. T., Liao Y., Limenih M. A., Listl S., Lopez A. D., Lopukhov P. D., Lunevicius R., Madadin M., Magdeldin S., El Razek H. M. A., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Manafi A., Manafi N., Manamo W. A., Mansourian M., Mansournia M. A., Mantovani L. G., Maroufizadeh S., Martini S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson T. P., Massenburg B. B., Maswabi M. T., Mathur M. R., McAlinden C., McKee M., Meheretu H. A. A., Mehrotra R., Mehta V., Meier T., Melaku Y. A., Meles G. G., Meles H. G., Melese A., Melku M., Memiah P. T. N., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Merat S., Meretoja T. J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Mihretie K. M. M., Miller T. R., Mills E. J., Mir S. M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei H. R., Mishra R., Moazen B., Mohammad D. K., Mohammad K. A., Mohammad Y., Darwesh A. M., Mohammadbeigi A., Mohammadi H., Mohammadi M., Mohammadian M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani M., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed A. S., Mohammed J. A., Mohammed S., Mohebi F., Mokdad A. H., Monasta L., Moodley Y., Moosazadeh M., Moossavi M., Moradi G., Moradi-Joo M., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradpour F., Morawska L., Morgado-Da-costa J., Morisaki N., Morrison S. D., Mosapour A., Mousavi S. M., Muche A. A., Muhammed O. S. S., Musa J., Nabhan A. R., Naderi M., Nagarajan A. J., Nagel G., Nahvijou A., Naik G., Najafi F., Naldi L., Nam H. S., Nasiri N., Nazari J., Negoi I., Neupane S., Newcomb P. A., Nggada H. A., Ngunjiri J. W., Nguyen C. T., Nikniaz L., Ningrum D. N. A., Nirayo Y. L., Nixon M. R., Nnaji C. A., Nojomi M., Nosratnejad S., Shiadeh M. N., Obsa M. S., Ofori-Asenso R., Ogbo F. A., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olagunju T. O., Oluwasanu M. M., Omonisi A. E., Onwujekwe O. E., Oommen A. M., Oren E., Ortega-Altamirano D. D. V., Ota E., Otstavnov S. S., Owolabi M. O., P A M., Padubidri J. R., Pakhale S., Pakpour A. H., Pana A., Park E. -K., Parsian H., Pashaei T., Patel S., Patil S. T., Pennini A., Pereira D. M., Piccinelli C., Pillay J. D., Pirestani M., Pishgar F., Postma M. J., Pourjafar H., Pourmalek F., Pourshams A., Prakash S., Prasad N., Qorbani M., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiei A., Rahim F., Rahimi M., Rahman M. A., Rajati F., Rana S. M., Raoofi S., Rath G. K., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Reiner R. C., Renzaho A. M. N., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Ribeiro A. I., Ribeiro D., Ronfani L., Roro E. M., Roshandel G., Rostami A., Saad R. S., Sabbagh P., Sabour S., Saddik B., Safiri S., Sahebkar A., Salahshoor M. R., Salehi F., Salem H., Salem M. R., Salimzadeh H., Salomon J. A., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Santric Milicevic M. M., Sartorius B., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Satpathy M., Savic M., Sawhney M., Sayyah M., Schneider I. J. C., Schottker B., Sekerija M., Sepanlou S. G., Sepehrimanesh M., Seyedmousavi S., Shaahmadi F., Shabaninejad H., Shahbaz M., Shaikh M. A., Shamshirian A., Shamsizadeh M., Sharafi H., Sharafi Z., Sharif M., Sharifi A., Sharifi H., Sharma R., Sheikh A., Shirkoohi R., Shukla S. R., Si S., Siabani S., Silva D. A. S., Silveira D. G. A., Singh A., Singh J. A., Sisay S., Sitas F., Sobngwi E., Soofi M., Soriano J. B., Stathopoulou V., Sufiyan M. B., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Takahashi K., Tamtaji O. R., Tarawneh M. R., Tassew S. G., Taymoori P., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Temsah M. -H., Temsah O., Tesfay B. E., Tesfay F. H., Teshale M. Y., Tessema G. A., Thapa S., Tlaye K. G., Topor-Madry R., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran B. X., Tran K. B., Tsadik A. G., Ullah I., Uthman O. A., Vacante M., Vaezi M., Varona Perez P., Veisani Y., Vidale S., Violante F. S., Vlassov V., Vollset S. E., Vos T., Vosoughi K., Vu G. T., Vujcic I. S., Wabinga H., Wachamo T. M., Wagnew F. S., Waheed Y., Weldegebreal F., Weldesamuel G. T., Wijeratne T., Wondafrash D. Z., Wonde T. E., Wondmieneh A. B., Workie H. M., Yadav R., Yadegar A., Yadollahpour A., Yaseri M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshaneh A., Yimam M. A., Yimer E. M., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi B., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zabeh E., Zadnik V., Moghadam T. Z., Zaidi Z., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zaki L., Zendehdel K., Zenebe Z. M., Zewale T. A., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., Murray C. J. L., Fitzmaurice, C, Abate, D, Abbasi, N, Abbastabar, H, Abd-Allah, F, Abdel-Rahman, O, Abdelalim, A, Abdoli, A, Abdollahpour, I, Abdulle, A, Abebe, N, Abraha, H, Abu-Raddad, L, Abualhasan, A, Adedeji, I, Advani, S, Afarideh, M, Afshari, M, Aghaali, M, Agius, D, Agrawal, S, Ahmadi, A, Ahmadian, E, Ahmadpour, E, Ahmed, M, Akbari, M, Akinyemiju, T, Al-Aly, Z, Alabdulkader, A, Alahdab, F, Alam, T, Alamene, G, Alemnew, B, Alene, K, Alinia, C, Alipour, V, Aljunid, S, Bakeshei, F, Almadi, M, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Alsharif, U, Alsowaidi, S, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amini, E, Amini, S, Amoako, Y, Anbari, Z, Anber, N, Andrei, C, Anjomshoa, M, Ansari, F, Ansariadi, A, Appiah, S, Arab-Zozani, M, Arabloo, J, Arefi, Z, Aremu, O, Areri, H, Artaman, A, Asayesh, H, Asfaw, E, Ashagre, A, Assadi, R, Ataeinia, B, Atalay, H, Ataro, Z, Atique, S, Ausloos, M, Avila-Burgos, L, Avokpaho, E, Awasthi, A, Awoke, N, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayanore, M, Ayele, H, Babaee, E, Bacha, U, Badawi, A, Bagherzadeh, M, Bagli, E, 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S., Waheed Y., Weldegebreal F., Weldesamuel G. T., Wijeratne T., Wondafrash D. Z., Wonde T. E., Wondmieneh A. B., Workie H. M., Yadav R., Yadegar A., Yadollahpour A., Yaseri M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshaneh A., Yimam M. A., Yimer E. M., Yisma E., Yonemoto N., Younis M. Z., Yousefi B., Yousefifard M., Yu C., Zabeh E., Zadnik V., Moghadam T. Z., Zaidi Z., Zamani M., Zandian H., Zangeneh A., Zaki L., Zendehdel K., Zenebe Z. M., Zewale T. A., Ziapour A., Zodpey S., and Murray C. J. L.

Abstract

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo

Published
2019

32. Tea leaves, efficient biosorbent for removal of Al3+ from drinking water.

Author

Dakhem, M., Ghanati, F., Afshar Mohammadian, M., and Sharifi, M.

Abstract

Aluminum (Al) intake mainly occurs through food and drinking water and is associated with numerous illnesses; therefore, Al3+ elimination is one of the concerns of governments. Tea is an exceptional plant whose growth is stimulated by Al, particularly in acidic soils. On the other hand, every year after pruning in tea fields a large amount of leaves are burned which brings air and soil pollution in turn. Al3+ binging potential of tea leaves was evaluated in the present research via different chemical analyses and batch study. Polysaccharides carboxyl and phenolics hydroxyl/oxyl groups of cell wall were marked by GC–MS and FT-IR analysis as main sites for Al3+conjugation. SEM–EDS analysis showed that the complex of Al3+ to tea leaves was highly heterogeneous. The thermodynamic data showed that adsorption process of Al3+was spontaneous and endothermic. Based on the results of batch adsorption experiments, the average adsorption capacity of tea leaves for Al3+was 97.77% at pH 7.5. Tea leaves also effectively adsorbed up to 98% of Al ions from drinking water at slightly alkaline pH (7.4–7.8). These findings demonstrated that as an eco-friendly and locally available probe, tea leaves can effectively remove Al3+from drinking water to standard permissible limit of WHO (0.2 mg/L). Moreover, using wasted tea leaves is an appropriate way to properly waste management in the areas of tea plantation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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34. Microdust impact on leaf gas exchange parameters in oak species of Northern Zagros forests, west of Iran

Author

Moradi, A., Taheri Abkenar, K., Afshar Mohammadian, M., and Shabanian, N.

Subjects
lcsh:GE1-350, Gas exchange, lcsh:Q, Forest trees, Microdust, lcsh:Science, Zagros, lcsh:Environmental sciences
Abstract

In recent years, the microdust phenomenon has greatly changed in concentration, duration and continuity as well as the frequency of occurrence in comparison with dust storms in the past which has caused a great deal of concern. Microdust is one of the most devastating factors in the environment threatening all animal and plant species. Regarding to the microdust impending threat, its ecological and economic impacts on scarce species is critical. Zagros forests act as an intrinsic filter for microdust in the western region of Iran. This study investigates the effect of microdust on oak, the most important tree in the Zagros forests. So that, three-year old seedlings of three oak species (Quercus branti, Q. libni and Q. infectoria) were exposed to microdust under natural conditions during spring and summer 2016. We examined the rate of photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, transpiration, internal CO2, mesophyll conductance, water use efficiency in control and treated plants. The results indicated that microdust had a significant impact on the examined parameters of the three oak species (P≤0.01). The gas exchange and photosynthetic rates of the treated plants were significantly reduced. In Q. infectoria, microdust had the greatest impact on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, leaf internal CO2, transpiration and mesophyll conductance. Accordingly, microdust had a substantial influence on photosynthesis and mesophyll conductance in Q. brantii as well as the leaf internal CO2 and mesophyll conductance in Q. libani. Therefore, based on these findings, it can be concluded that microdust can disrupt the physiological activities of the examined species. Hence, continuous - exposure to microdust will accelerate the process of destruction of these forests.

Published
2018

37. The global, regional, and national burden of stomach cancer in 195 countries, 1990-2017: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease study 2017

Author

Etemadi, A, Safiri, S, Sepanlou, SG, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Shakeri, R, Amani, M, Fitzmaurice, C, Nixon, MR, Abbasi, N, Abolhassani, H, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alam, T, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Arabloo, J, Assadi, R, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bakhtiari, A, Behzadifar, M, Berhe, K, Bhala, N, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, MS, Bjorge, T, Borzi, AM, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Dinh-Toi, C, Costa, VM, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, DV, Demoz, GT, Demis, AB, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dey, S, Nasab, MD, Djalalinia, S, Emamian, MH, Farahmand, M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, GG, Gedefew, GA, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Haro, JM, Harvey, JD, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Hidru, HD, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Innos, K, Islami, F, James, SL, Jenabi, E, Kalhor, R, Kamangar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Khader, YS, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, AT, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Kim, YJ, Kocarnik, JM, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lopez, AD, Lunevicius, R, Manafi, N, Manda, A-L, Geta, B, Meheretu, H, Mengistu, G, Miazgowski, B, Mir, SM, Mohammad, KA, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mosapour, A, Naderi, M, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nahvijou, A, Negoi, I, Nikbakhsh, R, Nojomi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Oren, E, Parsian, H, Piccinelli, C, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi, M, Rahmati, M, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Ribeiro, AI, Roshandel, G, Saad, AM, Saadatagah, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Milicevic, MMS, Sarveazad, A, Sawhney, M, Shaahmadi, F, Sekerija, M, Shaikh, MA, Shamshirian, A, Malleshappa, SKS, Singh, JA, Smarandache, C-G, Soofi, M, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, DBB, Tapak, L, Tesfay, BE, Traini, E, Bach, T, Khanh, BT, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Veisani, Y, Vosoughi, K, Vujcic, IS, Westerman, R, Wondmieneh, AB, Xu, R, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yousefi, Z, Yousefi, B, Moghadam, TZ, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarghi, A, Zhang, Z-J, Naghavi, M, Malekzadeh, R, Etemadi, A, Safiri, S, Sepanlou, SG, Ikuta, K, Bisignano, C, Shakeri, R, Amani, M, Fitzmaurice, C, Nixon, MR, Abbasi, N, Abolhassani, H, Advani, SM, Afarideh, M, Akinyemiju, T, Alam, T, Alikhani, M, Alipour, V, Allen, CA, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Arabloo, J, Assadi, R, Atique, S, Awasthi, A, Bakhtiari, A, Behzadifar, M, Berhe, K, Bhala, N, Bijani, A, Bin Sayeed, MS, Bjorge, T, Borzi, AM, Braithwaite, D, Brenner, H, Carreras, G, Carvalho, F, Castaneda-Orjuela, CA, Castro, F, Dinh-Toi, C, Costa, VM, Daryani, A, Davitoiu, DV, Demoz, GT, Demis, AB, Denova-Gutierrez, E, Dey, S, Nasab, MD, Djalalinia, S, Emamian, MH, Farahmand, M, Fernandes, JC, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, MM, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, GG, Gedefew, GA, Ghaseni-Kebria, F, Gorini, G, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Haro, JM, Harvey, JD, Hasanzadeh, A, Hashemian, M, Hassen, HY, Hay, S, Hidru, HD, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, MD, Innos, K, Islami, F, James, SL, Jenabi, E, Kalhor, R, Kamangar, F, Kasaeian, A, Kengne, AP, Khader, YS, Khalilov, R, Khan, EA, Khan, G, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaee-Pool, M, Khazaei, S, Khoja, AT, Khosravi Shadmani, F, Kim, YJ, Kocarnik, JM, Komaki, H, Koyanagi, A, Kumar, V, La Vecchia, C, Lopez, AD, Lunevicius, R, Manafi, N, Manda, A-L, Geta, B, Meheretu, H, Mengistu, G, Miazgowski, B, Mir, SM, Mohammad, KA, Mezerji, NMG, Mohammadian, M, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Mohebi, F, Mokdad, AH, Monasta, L, Moosazadeh, M, Moossavi, M, Moradi, G, Moradpour, F, Moradzadeh, R, Moreno Velasquez, I, Mosapour, A, Naderi, M, Naik, G, Najafi, F, Nahvijou, A, Negoi, I, Nikbakhsh, R, Nojomi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olagunju, TO, Oren, E, Parsian, H, Piccinelli, C, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiei, A, Rahimi, M, Rahmati, M, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Ribeiro, AI, Roshandel, G, Saad, AM, Saadatagah, S, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Milicevic, MMS, Sarveazad, A, Sawhney, M, Shaahmadi, F, Sekerija, M, Shaikh, MA, Shamshirian, A, Malleshappa, SKS, Singh, JA, Smarandache, C-G, Soofi, M, Tabuchi, T, Tadesse, DBB, Tapak, L, Tesfay, BE, Traini, E, Bach, T, Khanh, BT, Vacante, M, Vahedian-Azimi, A, Veisani, Y, Vosoughi, K, Vujcic, IS, Westerman, R, Wondmieneh, AB, Xu, R, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yousefi, Z, Yousefi, B, Moghadam, TZ, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zandian, H, Zarghi, A, Zhang, Z-J, Naghavi, M, and Malekzadeh, R

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Stomach cancer is a major health problem in many countries. Understanding the current burden of stomach cancer and the differential trends across various locations is essential for formulating effective preventive strategies. We report on the incidence, mortality, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to stomach cancer in 195 countries and territories from 21 regions between 1990 and 2017. METHODS: Estimates from GBD 2017 were used to analyse the incidence, mortality, and DALYs due to stomach cancer at the global, regional, and national levels. The rates were standardised to the GBD world population and reported per 100 000 population as age-standardised incidence rates, age-standardised death rates, and age-standardised DALY rates. All estimates were generated with 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). FINDINGS: In 2017, more than 1·22 million (95% UI 1·19-1·25) incident cases of stomach cancer occurred worldwide, and nearly 865 000 people (848 000-885 000) died of stomach cancer, contributing to 19·1 million (18·7-19·6) DALYs. The highest age-standardised incidence rates in 2017 were seen in the high-income Asia Pacific (29·5, 28·2-31·0 per 100 000 population) and east Asia (28·6, 27·3-30·0 per 100 000 population) regions, with nearly half of the global incident cases occurring in China. Compared with 1990, in 2017 more than 356 000 more incident cases of stomach cancer were estimated, leading to nearly 96 000 more deaths. Despite the increase in absolute numbers, the worldwide age-standardised rates of stomach cancer (incidence, deaths, and DALYs) have declined since 1990. The drop in the disease burden was associated with improved Socio-demographic Index. Globally, 38·2% (21·1-57·8) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to high-sodium diet in both sexes combined, and 24·5% (20·0-28·9) of the age-standardised DALYs were attributable to smoking in males. INTERPRETATION: Our findings provide insight into the changing burden of stomach canc

Published
2020

39. The potential of oak (Quercus sp.) and wild pistachio (Pistacia atlantica Desf.) forest species to deposit microdust particles.

Author

Moradi, A., Abkenar, K. Taheri, Shabanian, N., and Mohammadian, M. Afshar

Abstract

Dust storms are a major source of solid particles in the world that significantly impact air pollution and human and environmental health. Generally, trees and plants not only improve air quality by absorbing airborne particles on the surface of their leaves, but also they are affected by the accumulation of fine particles on their leaf surfaces. In this study, the uptake of fine dust by some dominant forest species of the Zagros region (Quercus Brantii Lindl., Q. libani Oliv., Q. infectoria Oliv. and Pistacia atlantica Desf.) was evaluated in the North Zagros Forests of Iran. For this purpose, soil, leaves and microdust on tree leaves were sampled by using a random systematic sampling network in the forests of Marivan County, Kurdistan province. The leaf ultrastructure of these species was examined by electron microscopy (SEM). Elements in the soil of the area and microdust deposited on the leaves of the trees were evaluated using the EDS (Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy) system and atomic absorption spectrometry. Finally, the ability of each hectare of forest to absorb fine dust was derived. Results showed that the leaves of all three oak species as well as wild pistachio are structurally different, which plays a distinct role in the deposition of microdust on tree leaves. The highest amount of microdust uptake by leaves was observed for Q. Brantii (0.012 g per leaf), followed by Q. infectoria (0.006 g per leaf) and Q. libani (0.005 g per leaf). In contrast, the lowest amount was observed for P. atlantica (0.0015 g per leaf). Based on the results, the amount of deposited dust in one hectare of forest in the study area with appropriate coverage (400 units per hectare) was estimated at 87.7 kg. The results of EDS test showed that the tested soil samples did not contain radioactive elements as well as heavy, toxic and dangerous elements. The results of the current study indicate the notable role of forest trees in the purification of air polluted by microdust as well as the the difference between species in their ability to absorb microdust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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41. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-Adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017: A systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study

Author

Fitzmaurice, C. Abate, D. Abbasi, N. Abbastabar, H. Abd-Allah, F. Abdel-Rahman, O. Abdelalim, A. Abdoli, A. Abdollahpour, I. Abdulle, A.S.M. Abebe, N.D. Abraha, H.N. Abu-Raddad, L.J. Abualhasan, A. Adedeji, I.A. Advani, S.M. Afarideh, M. Afshari, M. Aghaali, M. Agius, D. Agrawal, S. Ahmadi, A. Ahmadian, E. Ahmadpour, E. Ahmed, M.B. Akbari, M.E. Akinyemiju, T. Al-Aly, Z. Alabdulkader, A.M. Alahdab, F. Alam, T. Alamene, G.M. Alemnew, B.T.T. Alene, K.A. Alinia, C. Alipour, V. Aljunid, S.M. Bakeshei, F.A. Almadi, M.A.H. Almasi-Hashiani, A. Alsharif, U. Alsowaidi, S. Alvis-Guzman, N. Amini, E. Amini, S. Amoako, Y.A. Anbari, Z. Anber, N.H. Andrei, C.L. Anjomshoa, M. Ansari, F. Ansariadi, A. Appiah, S.C.Y. Arab-Zozani, M. Arabloo, J. Arefi, Z. Aremu, O. Areri, H.A. Artaman, A. Asayesh, H. Asfaw, E.T. Ashagre, A.F. Assadi, R. Ataeinia, B. Atalay, H.T. Ataro, Z. Atique, S. Ausloos, M. Avila-Burgos, L. Avokpaho, E.F.G.A. Awasthi, A. Awoke, N. Ayala Quintanilla, B.P. Ayanore, M.A. Ayele, H.T. Babaee, E. Bacha, U. Badawi, A. Bagherzadeh, M. Bagli, E. Balakrishnan, S. Balouchi, A. Barnighausen, T.W. Battista, R.J. Behzadifar, M. Behzadifar, M. Bekele, B.B. Belay, Y.B. Belayneh, Y.M. Berfield, K.K.S. Berhane, A. Bernabe, E. Beuran, M. Bhakta, N. Bhattacharyya, K. Biadgo, B. Bijani, A. Bin Sayeed, M.S. Birungi, C. Bisignano, C. Bitew, H. Bjorge, T. Bleyer, A. Bogale, K.A. Bojia, H.A. Borzi, A.M. Bosetti, C. Bou-Orm, I.R. Brenner, H. Brewer, J.D. Briko, A.N. Briko, N.I. Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T. Butt, Z.A. Carreras, G. Carrero, J.J. Carvalho, F. Castro, C. Castro, F. Catala-Lopez, F. Cerin, E. Chaiah, Y. Chanie, W.F. Chattu, V.K. Chaturvedi, P. Chauhan, N.S. Chehrazi, M. Chiang, P.P.-C. Chichiabellu, T.Y. Chido-Amajuoyi, O.G. Chimed-Ochir, O. Choi, J.-Y.J. Christopher, D.J. Chu, D.-T. Constantin, M.-M. Costa, V.M. Crocetti, E. Crowe, C.S. Curado, M.P. Dahlawi, S.M.A. Damiani, G. Darwish, A.H. Daryani, A. Das Neves, J. Demeke, F.M. Demis, A.B. Demissie, B.W. Demoz, G.T. Denova-Gutierrez, E. Derakhshani, A. Deribe, K.S. Desai, R. Desalegn, B.B. Desta, M. Dey, S. Dharmaratne, S.D. Dhimal, M. Diaz, D. Dinberu, M.T.T. Djalalinia, S. Doku, D.T. Drake, T.M. Dubey, M. Dubljanin, E. Duken, E.E. Ebrahimi, H. Effiong, A. Eftekhari, A. El Sayed, I. Zaki, M.E.S. El-Jaafary, S.I. El-Khatib, Z. Elemineh, D.A. Elkout, H. Ellenbogen, R.G. Elsharkawy, A. Emamian, M.H. Endalew, D.A. Endries, A.Y. Eshrati, B. Fadhil, I. Fallah, V. Faramarzi, M. Farhangi, M.A. Farioli, A. Farzadfar, F. Fentahun, N. Fernandes, E. Feyissa, G.T. Filip, I. Fischer, F. Fisher, J.L. Force, L.M. Foroutan, M. Freitas, M. Fukumoto, T. Futran, N.D. Gallus, S. Gankpe, F.G. Gayesa, R.T. Gebrehiwot, T.T. Gebremeskel, G.G. Gedefaw, G.A. Gelaw, B.K. Geta, B. Getachew, S. Gezae, K.E. Ghafourifard, M. Ghajar, A. Ghashghaee, A. Gholamian, A. Gill, P.S. Ginindza, T.T.G. Girmay, A. Gizaw, M. Gomez, R.S. Gopalani, S.V. Gorini, G. Goulart, B.N.G. Grada, A. Ribeiro Guerra, M. Guimaraes, A.L.S. Gupta, P.C. Gupta, R. Hadkhale, K. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Haj-Mirzaian, A. Hamadeh, R.R. Hamidi, S. Hanfore, L.K. Haro, J.M. Hasankhani, M. Hasanzadeh, A. Hassen, H.Y. Hay, R.J. Hay, S.I. Henok, A. Henry, N.J. Herteliu, C. Hidru, H.D. Hoang, C.L. Hole, M.K. Hoogar, P. Horita, N. Hosgood, H.D. Hosseini, M. Hosseinzadeh, M. Hostiuc, M. Hostiuc, S. Househ, M. Hussen, M.M. Ileanu, B. Ilic, M.D. Innos, K. Irvani, S.S.N. Iseh, K.R. Islam, S.M.S. Islami, F. Jafari Balalami, N. Jafarinia, M. Jahangiry, L. Jahani, M.A. Jahanmehr, N. Jakovljevic, M. James, S.L. Javanbakht, M. Jayaraman, S. Jee, S.H. Jenabi, E. Jha, R.P. Jonas, J.B. Jonnagaddala, J. Joo, T. Jungari, S.B. Jurisson, M. Kabir, A. Kamangar, F. Karch, A. Karimi, N. Karimian, A. Kasaeian, A. Kasahun, G.G. Kassa, B. Kassa, T.D. Kassaw, M.W. Kaul, A. Keiyoro, P.N. Kelbore, A.G. Kerbo, A.A. Khader, Y.S. Khalilarjmandi, M. Khan, E.A. Khan, G. Khang, Y.-H. Khatab, K. Khater, A. Khayamzadeh, M. Khazaee-Pool, M. Khazaei, S. Khoja, A.T. Khosravi, M.H. Khubchandani, J. Kianipour, N. Kim, D. Kim, Y.J. Kisa, A. Kisa, S. Kissimova-Skarbek, K. Komaki, H. Koyanagi, A. Krohn, K.J. Bicer, B.K. Kugbey, N. Kumar, V. Kuupiel, D. La Vecchia, C. Lad, D.P. Lake, E.A. Lakew, A.M. Lal, D.K. Lami, F.H. Lan, Q. Lasrado, S. Lauriola, P. Lazarus, J.V. Leigh, J. Leshargie, C.T. Liao, Y. Limenih, M.A. Listl, S. Lopez, A.D. Lopukhov, P.D. Lunevicius, R. Madadin, M. Magdeldin, S. El Razek, H.M.A. Majeed, A. Maleki, A. Malekzadeh, R. Manafi, A. Manafi, N. Manamo, W.A. Mansourian, M. Mansournia, M.A. Mantovani, L.G. Maroufizadeh, S. Martini, S.M.S. Mashamba-Thompson, T.P. Massenburg, B.B. Maswabi, M.T. Mathur, M.R. McAlinden, C. McKee, M. Meheretu, H.A.A. Mehrotra, R. Mehta, V. Meier, T. Melaku, Y.A. Meles, G.G. Meles, H.G. Melese, A. Melku, M. Memiah, P.T.N. Mendoza, W. Menezes, R.G. Merat, S. Meretoja, T.J. Mestrovic, T. Miazgowski, B. Miazgowski, T. Mihretie, K.M.M. Miller, T.R. Mills, E.J. Mir, S.M. Mirzaei, H. Mirzaei, H.R. Mishra, R. Moazen, B. Mohammad, D.K. Mohammad, K.A. Mohammad, Y. Darwesh, A.M. Mohammadbeigi, A. Mohammadi, H. Mohammadi, M. Mohammadian, M. Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A. Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M. Mohammadpourhodki, R. Mohammed, A.S. Mohammed, J.A. Mohammed, S. Mohebi, F. Mokdad, A.H. Monasta, L. Moodley, Y. Moosazadeh, M. Moossavi, M. Moradi, G. Moradi-Joo, M. Moradi-Lakeh, M. Moradpour, F. Morawska, L. Morgado-Da-costa, J. Morisaki, N. Morrison, S.D. Mosapour, A. Mousavi, S.M. Muche, A.A. Muhammed, O.S.S. Musa, J. Nabhan, A.R. Naderi, M. Nagarajan, A.J. Nagel, G. Nahvijou, A. Naik, G. Najafi, F. Naldi, L. Nam, H.S. Nasiri, N. Nazari, J. Negoi, I. Neupane, S. Newcomb, P.A. Nggada, H.A. Ngunjiri, J.W. Nguyen, C.T. Nikniaz, L. Ningrum, D.N.A. Nirayo, Y.L. Nixon, M.R. Nnaji, C.A. Nojomi, M. Nosratnejad, S. Shiadeh, M.N. Obsa, M.S. Ofori-Asenso, R. Ogbo, F.A. Oh, I.-H. Olagunju, A.T. Olagunju, T.O. Oluwasanu, M.M. Omonisi, A.E. Onwujekwe, O.E. Oommen, A.M. Oren, E. Ortega-Altamirano, D.D.V. Ota, E. Otstavnov, S.S. Owolabi, M.O. P A, M. Padubidri, J.R. Pakhale, S. Pakpour, A.H. Pana, A. Park, E.-K. Parsian, H. Pashaei, T. Patel, S. Patil, S.T. Pennini, A. Pereira, D.M. Piccinelli, C. Pillay, J.D. Pirestani, M. Pishgar, F. Postma, M.J. Pourjafar, H. Pourmalek, F. Pourshams, A. Prakash, S. Prasad, N. Qorbani, M. Rabiee, M. Rabiee, N. Radfar, A. Rafiei, A. Rahim, F. Rahimi, M. Rahman, M.A. Rajati, F. Rana, S.M. Raoofi, S. Rath, G.K. Rawaf, D.L. Rawaf, S. Reiner, R.C. Renzaho, A.M.N. Rezaei, N. Rezapour, A. Ribeiro, A.I. Ribeiro, D. Ronfani, L. Roro, E.M. Roshandel, G. Rostami, A. Saad, R.S. Sabbagh, P. Sabour, S. Saddik, B. Safiri, S. Sahebkar, A. Salahshoor, M.R. Salehi, F. Salem, H. Salem, M.R. Salimzadeh, H. Salomon, J.A. Samy, A.M. Sanabria, J. Santric Milicevic, M.M. Sartorius, B. Sarveazad, A. Sathian, B. Satpathy, M. Savic, M. Sawhney, M. Sayyah, M. Schneider, I.J.C. Schottker, B. Sekerija, M. Sepanlou, S.G. Sepehrimanesh, M. Seyedmousavi, S. Shaahmadi, F. Shabaninejad, H. Shahbaz, M. Shaikh, M.A. Shamshirian, A. Shamsizadeh, M. Sharafi, H. Sharafi, Z. Sharif, M. Sharifi, A. Sharifi, H. Sharma, R. Sheikh, A. Shirkoohi, R. Shukla, S.R. Si, S. Siabani, S. Silva, D.A.S. Silveira, D.G.A. Singh, A. Singh, J.A. Sisay, S. Sitas, F. Sobngwi, E. Soofi, M. Soriano, J.B. Stathopoulou, V. Sufiyan, M.B. Tabares-Seisdedos, R. Tabuchi, T. Takahashi, K. Tamtaji, O.R. Tarawneh, M.R. Tassew, S.G. Taymoori, P. Tehrani-Banihashemi, A. Temsah, M.-H. Temsah, O. Tesfay, B.E. Tesfay, F.H. Teshale, M.Y. Tessema, G.A. Thapa, S. Tlaye, K.G. Topor-Madry, R. Tovani-Palone, M.R. Traini, E. Tran, B.X. Tran, K.B. Tsadik, A.G. Ullah, I. Uthman, O.A. Vacante, M. Vaezi, M. Varona Perez, P. Veisani, Y. Vidale, S. Violante, F.S. Vlassov, V. Vollset, S.E. Vos, T. Vosoughi, K. Vu, G.T. Vujcic, I.S. Wabinga, H. Wachamo, T.M. Wagnew, F.S. Waheed, Y. Weldegebreal, F. Weldesamuel, G.T. Wijeratne, T. Wondafrash, D.Z. Wonde, T.E. Wondmieneh, A.B. Workie, H.M. Yadav, R. Yadegar, A. Yadollahpour, A. Yaseri, M. Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V. Yeshaneh, A. Yimam, M.A. Yimer, E.M. Yisma, E. Yonemoto, N. Younis, M.Z. Yousefi, B. Yousefifard, M. Yu, C. Zabeh, E. Zadnik, V. Moghadam, T.Z. Zaidi, Z. Zamani, M. Zandian, H. Zangeneh, A. Zaki, L. Zendehdel, K. Zenebe, Z.M. Zewale, T.A. Ziapour, A. Zodpey, S. Murray, C.J.L. Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration

Abstract

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-Adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for men were TBL cancer (1.3 million deaths and 28.4 million DALYs), liver cancer (572000 deaths and 15.2 million DALYs), and stomach cancer (542000 deaths and 12.2 million DALYs). For women in 2017, the most common incident cancers were NMSC (3.3 million incident cases), breast cancer (1.9 million incident cases), and colorectal cancer (819000 incident cases). The leading causes of cancer deaths and DALYs for women were breast cancer (601000 deaths and 17.4 million DALYs), TBL cancer (596000 deaths and 12.6 million DALYs), and colorectal cancer (414000 deaths and 8.3 million DALYs). Conclusions and Relevance: The national epidemiological profiles of cancer burden in the GBD study show large heterogeneities, which are a reflection of different exposures to risk factors, economic settings, lifestyles, and access to care and screening. The GBD study can be used by policy makers and other stakeholders to develop and improve national and local cancer control in order to achieve the global targets and improve equity in cancer care. © 2019 American Medical Association. All rights reserved.

Published
2019

42. Epidemiological and Clinical Characteristics of Patients with Hydatid Cysts in Khorasan Razavi Province, from 2011 to 2014

Author

Khazaei, S., Shahab Rezaeian, Khazaei, Z., Goodarzi, E., Mohammadian, M., Salehiniya, H., Ayubi, E., and Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A.

Subjects
Echinococcosis, Epidemiology, Short Communication, parasitic diseases, lcsh:RC109-216, Human hydatidosis, Iran, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases
Abstract

Background: This study aimed to investigate the epidemiological and clinical aspects of patients with hydatid cyst during 2011 to 2014. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Khorasan Razavi Province, the Northeast of Iran, from 2011 to 2014. The study population was all cases with hydatid cyst who diagnosed in governmental and private laboratories, hospitals and health centers (HC) in Khorasan Razavi Province during 2011-14. Results: The prevalence rate of hydatidosis was 1.44 per 100000 individuals. Of 357 cases, 54.9% were women, 40.3% rural, 45.8% housewives, and 3.4% were Afghan. The mean age of women was higher than that of men (39.13±18.9 compared to 34.7±17.9 yr, respectively, P-value=0.025). The highest proportion of cases (39.2%) was in the age group of 21-40 yr old. Abdominal pain was reported in 42.3% of cases. Liver involvement was the most common localization of hydatid cyst reported in 59.4% of patients, and 8.4% had multiple organ involvement. The common diagnosis methods of the disease were radiology (42.3%) followed by CT scan (37.8%). 45.9% of patients had domestic dog and hygiene principles of washing the vegetables was adhered by 6.7% of patients. Conclusion: The prevalence of human hydatidosis, as a most important neglected disease, should be considered by health policy-makers in public health domain. In addition, educational programs to better recognition of the disease symptoms, and to identify the infection sources are needed in high risk group of population.

Published
2016

43. Global, Regional, and National Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived with Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life-Years for 29 Cancer Groups, 1990 to 2017 : A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study

Author

Fitzmauric, C., Fitzmaurice, C., Abate, D., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdel-Rahman, O., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulle, A. S. M., Abebe, N. D., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abualhasan, A., Adedeji, I. A., Advani, S. M., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Aghaali, M., Agius, D., Agrawal, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadian, E., Ahmadpour, E., Ahmed, M. B., Akbari, M. E., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alabdulkader, A. M., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Alamene, G. M., Alemnew, B. T. T., Alene, K. A., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Bakeshei, F. A., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, E., Amini, S., Amoako, Y. A., Anbari, Z., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansariadi, A., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani, M., Arabloo, J., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Areri, H. A., Artaman, A., Asayesh, H., Asfaw, E. T., Ashagre, A. F., Assadi, R., Ataeinia, B., Atalay, H. T., Ataro, Z., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Awoke, N., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayanore, M. A., Ayele, H. T., Babaee, E., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bagherzadeh, M., Bagli, E., Balakrishnan, S., Balouchi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Battista, R. J., Behzadifar, M., Bekele, B. B., Belay, Y. B., Belayneh, Y. M., Berfield, K. K. S., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Beuran, M., Bhakta, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Biadgo, B., Bijani, A., Bin Sayeed, M. S., Birungi, C., Bisignano, C., Bitew, H., Bjørge, T., Bleyer, A., Bogale, K. A., Bojia, H. A., Borzì, A. M., Bosetti, C., Bou-Orm, I. R., Brenner, H., Brewer, J. D., Briko, A. N., Briko, N. I., Bustamante-Teixeira, M. T., Butt, Z. A., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castro, C., Castro, F., Catalá-López, F., Cerin, E., Chaiah, Y., Chanie, W. F., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, P., Chauhan, N. S., Chehrazi, M., Chiang, P. P. -C, Chichiabellu, T. Y., Chido-Amajuoyi, O. G., Chimed-Ochir, O., Choi, J. -YJ., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T, Constantin, M. -M, Costa, V. M., Crocetti, E., Crowe, C. S., Curado, M. P., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Damiani, G., Darwish, A. H., Daryani, A., Das Neves, J., Demeke, F. M., Demis, A. B., Demissie, B. W., Demoz, G. T., Denova-Gutiérrez, E., Derakhshani, A., Deribe, K. S., Desai, R., Desalegn, B. B., Desta, M., Dey, S., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhimal, M., Diaz, D., Dinberu, M. T. T., Djalalinia, S., Doku, D. T., Drake, T. M., Dubey, M., Dubljanin, E., Duken, E. E., Ebrahimi, H., Effiong, A., Eftekhari, A., El Sayed, I., Zaki, M. E. S., El-Jaafary, S. I., El-Khatib, Z., Elemineh, D. A., Elkout, H., Ellenbogen, R. G., Elsharkawy, A., Emamian, M. H., Endalew, D. A., Endries, A. Y., Eshrati, B., Fadhil, I., Fallah, V., Faramarzi, M., Farhangi, M. A., Farioli, A., Farzadfar, F., Fentahun, N., Fernandes, E., Feyissa, G. T., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Force, L. M., Foroutan, M., Freitas, M., Fukumoto, T., Futran, N. D., Gallus, S., Gankpe, F. G., Gayesa, R. T., Gebrehiwot, T. T., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gedefaw, G. A., Gelaw, B. K., Geta, B., Getachew, S., Gezae, K. E., Ghafourifard, M., Ghajar, A., Ghashghaee, A., Gholamian, A., Gill, P. S., Ginindza, T. T. G., Girmay, A., Gizaw, M., Gomez, R. S., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Goulart, B. N. G., Grada, A., Ribeiro Guerra, M., Guimaraes, A. L. S., Gupta, P. C., Gupta, R., Hadkhale, K., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamidi, S., Hanfore, L. K., Haro, J. M., Hasankhani, M., Hasanzadeh, A., Hassen, H. Y., Hay, R. J., Hay, S. I., Henok, A., Henry, N. J., Herteliu, C., Hidru, H. D., Hoang, C. L., Hole, M. K., Hoogar, P., Horita, N., Hosgood, H. D., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hussen, M. M., Ileanu, B., Ilic, M. D., Innos, K., Irvani, S. S. N., Iseh, K. R., Islam, S. M. S., Islami, F., Jafari Balalami, N., Jafarinia, M., Jahangiry, L., Jahani, M. A., Jahanmehr, N., Jakovljevic, M., James, S. L., Javanbakht, M., Jayaraman, S., Jee, S. H., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jonas, J. B., Jonnagaddala, J., Joo, T., Jungari, S. B., Jürisson, M., Kabir, A., Kamangar, F., Karch, A., Karimi, N., Karimian, A., Kasaeian, A., Kasahun, G. G., Kassa, B., Kassa, T. D., Kassaw, M. W., Kaul, A., Keiyoro, P. N., Kelbore, A. G., Kerbo, A. A., Khader, Y. S., Khalilarjmandi, M., Khan, E. A., Khan, G., Khang, Y. -H, Khatab, K., Khater, A., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaee-Pool, M., Khazaei, S., Khoja, A. T., Khosravi, M. H., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, D., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Komaki, H., Koyanagi, A., Krohn, K. J., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, V., Kuupiel, D., La Vecchia, C., Lad, D. P., Lake, E. A., Lakew, A. M., Lal, D. K., Lami, F. H., Lan, Q., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Liao, Y., Limenih, M. A., Listl, S., Lopez, A. D., Lopukhov, P. D., Lunevicius, R., Madadin, M., Magdeldin, S., El Razek, H. M. A., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manafi, A., Manafi, N., Manamo, W. A., Mansourian, M., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Maroufizadeh, S., Martini, S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., Massenburg, B. B., Maswabi, M. T., Mathur, M. R., McAlinden, C., McKee, M., Meheretu, H. A. A., Mehrotra, R., Mehta, V., Meier, T., Melaku, Y. A., Meles, G. G., Meles, H. G., Melese, A., Melku, M., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Merat, S., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Mihretie, K. M. M., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mir, S. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, H. R., Mishra, R., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Mohammadi, H., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A. S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moossavi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Joo, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradpour, F., Morawska, L., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Morisaki, N., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi, S. M., Muche, A. A., Muhammed, O. S. S., Musa, J., Nabhan, A. R., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagel, G., Nahvijou, A., Naik, G., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nam, H. S., Nasiri, N., Nazari, J., Negoi, I., Neupane, S., Newcomb, P. A., Nggada, H. A., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nikniaz, L., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nirayo, Y. L., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nojomi, M., Nosratnejad, S., Shiadeh, M. N., Obsa, M. S., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Oluwasanu, M. M., Omonisi, A. E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Oommen, A. M., Oren, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. D. V., Ota, E., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, A., Park, E. -K, Parsian, H., Pashaei, T., Patel, S., Patil, S. T., Pennini, A., Pereira, D. M., Piccinelli, C., Pillay, J. D., Pirestani, M., Pishgar, F., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, M., Rahman, M. A., Rajati, F., Rana, S. M., Raoofi, S., Rath, G. K., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reiner, R. C., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Ribeiro, D., Ronfani, L., Roro, E. M., Roshandel, G., Rostami, A., Saad, R. S., Sabbagh, P., Sabour, S., Saddik, B., Safiri, S., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M. R., Salehi, F., Salem, H., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J. A., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schneider, I. J. C., Schöttker, B., Sekerija, M., Sepanlou, S. G., Sepehrimanesh, M., Seyedmousavi, S., Shaahmadi, F., Shabaninejad, H., Shahbaz, M., Shaikh, M. A., Shamshirian, A., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, H., Sharafi, Z., Sharif, M., Sharifi, A., Sharifi, H., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shirkoohi, R., Shukla, S. R., Si, S., Siabani, S., Silva, D. A. S., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, A., Singh, J. A., Sisay, S., Sitas, F., Sobngwi, E., Soofi, M., Soriano, J. B., Stathopoulou, V., Sufiyan, M. B., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Takahashi, K., Tamtaji, O. R., Tarawneh, M. R., Tassew, S. G., Taymoori, P., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M. -H, Temsah, O., Tesfay, B. E., Tesfay, F. H., Teshale, M. Y., Tessema, G. A., Thapa, S., Tlaye, K. G., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Tsadik, A. G., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Varona Pérez, P., Veisani, Y., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vos, T., Vosoughi, K., Vu, G. T., Vujcic, I. S., Wabinga, H., Wachamo, T. M., Wagnew, F. S., Waheed, Y., Weldegebreal, F., Weldesamuel, G. T., Wijeratne, T., Wondafrash, D. Z., Wonde, T. E., Wondmieneh, A. B., Workie, H. M., Yadav, R., Yadegar, A., Yadollahpour, A., Yaseri, M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yeshaneh, A., Yimam, M. A., Yimer, E. M., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, B., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Zabeh, E., Zadnik, V., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zangeneh, A., Zaki, L., Zendehdel, K., Zenebe, Z. M., Zewale, T. A., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Murray, C. J. L., Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration,, Fitzmauric, C., Fitzmaurice, C., Abate, D., Abbasi, N., Abbastabar, H., Abd-Allah, F., Abdel-Rahman, O., Abdelalim, A., Abdoli, A., Abdollahpour, I., Abdulle, A. S. M., Abebe, N. D., Abraha, H. N., Abu-Raddad, L. J., Abualhasan, A., Adedeji, I. A., Advani, S. M., Afarideh, M., Afshari, M., Aghaali, M., Agius, D., Agrawal, S., Ahmadi, A., Ahmadian, E., Ahmadpour, E., Ahmed, M. B., Akbari, M. E., Akinyemiju, T., Al-Aly, Z., Alabdulkader, A. M., Alahdab, F., Alam, T., Alamene, G. M., Alemnew, B. T. T., Alene, K. A., Alinia, C., Alipour, V., Aljunid, S. M., Bakeshei, F. A., Almadi, M. A. H., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Alsharif, U., Alsowaidi, S., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amini, E., Amini, S., Amoako, Y. A., Anbari, Z., Anber, N. H., Andrei, C. L., Anjomshoa, M., Ansari, F., Ansariadi, A., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arab-Zozani, M., Arabloo, J., Arefi, Z., Aremu, O., Areri, H. A., Artaman, A., Asayesh, H., Asfaw, E. T., Ashagre, A. F., Assadi, R., Ataeinia, B., Atalay, H. T., Ataro, Z., Atique, S., Ausloos, M., Avila-Burgos, L., Avokpaho, E. F. G. A., Awasthi, A., Awoke, N., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayanore, M. A., Ayele, H. T., Babaee, E., Bacha, U., Badawi, A., Bagherzadeh, M., Bagli, E., Balakrishnan, S., Balouchi, A., Bärnighausen, T. W., Battista, R. J., Behzadifar, M., Bekele, B. B., Belay, Y. B., Belayneh, Y. M., Berfield, K. K. S., Berhane, A., Bernabe, E., Beuran, M., Bhakta, N., Bhattacharyya, K., Biadgo, B., Bijani, A., Bin Sayeed, M. 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H., Khubchandani, J., Kianipour, N., Kim, D., Kim, Y. J., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kissimova-Skarbek, K., Komaki, H., Koyanagi, A., Krohn, K. J., Bicer, B. K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, V., Kuupiel, D., La Vecchia, C., Lad, D. P., Lake, E. A., Lakew, A. M., Lal, D. K., Lami, F. H., Lan, Q., Lasrado, S., Lauriola, P., Lazarus, J. V., Leigh, J., Leshargie, C. T., Liao, Y., Limenih, M. A., Listl, S., Lopez, A. D., Lopukhov, P. D., Lunevicius, R., Madadin, M., Magdeldin, S., El Razek, H. M. A., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Manafi, A., Manafi, N., Manamo, W. A., Mansourian, M., Mansournia, M. A., Mantovani, L. G., Maroufizadeh, S., Martini, S. M. S., Mashamba-Thompson, T. P., Massenburg, B. B., Maswabi, M. T., Mathur, M. R., McAlinden, C., McKee, M., Meheretu, H. A. A., Mehrotra, R., Mehta, V., Meier, T., Melaku, Y. A., Meles, G. G., Meles, H. G., Melese, A., Melku, M., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Merat, S., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Mihretie, K. M. M., Miller, T. R., Mills, E. J., Mir, S. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, H. R., Mishra, R., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammad, K. A., Mohammad, Y., Darwesh, A. M., Mohammadbeigi, A., Mohammadi, H., Mohammadi, M., Mohammadian, M., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, A. S., Mohammed, J. A., Mohammed, S., Mohebi, F., Mokdad, A. H., Monasta, L., Moodley, Y., Moosazadeh, M., Moossavi, M., Moradi, G., Moradi-Joo, M., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradpour, F., Morawska, L., Morgado-Da-Costa, J., Morisaki, N., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi, S. M., Muche, A. A., Muhammed, O. S. S., Musa, J., Nabhan, A. R., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Nagel, G., Nahvijou, A., Naik, G., Najafi, F., Naldi, L., Nam, H. S., Nasiri, N., Nazari, J., Negoi, I., Neupane, S., Newcomb, P. A., Nggada, H. A., Ngunjiri, J. W., Nguyen, C. T., Nikniaz, L., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nirayo, Y. L., Nixon, M. R., Nnaji, C. A., Nojomi, M., Nosratnejad, S., Shiadeh, M. N., Obsa, M. S., Ofori-Asenso, R., Ogbo, F. A., Oh, I. -H, Olagunju, A. T., Olagunju, T. O., Oluwasanu, M. M., Omonisi, A. E., Onwujekwe, O. E., Oommen, A. M., Oren, E., Ortega-Altamirano, D. D. V., Ota, E., Otstavnov, S. S., Owolabi, M. O., Mahesh, P. A., Padubidri, J. R., Pakhale, S., Pakpour, Amir H., Pana, A., Park, E. -K, Parsian, H., Pashaei, T., Patel, S., Patil, S. T., Pennini, A., Pereira, D. M., Piccinelli, C., Pillay, J. D., Pirestani, M., Pishgar, F., Postma, M. J., Pourjafar, H., Pourmalek, F., Pourshams, A., Prakash, S., Prasad, N., Qorbani, M., Rabiee, M., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiei, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi, M., Rahman, M. A., Rajati, F., Rana, S. M., Raoofi, S., Rath, G. K., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Reiner, R. C., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Ribeiro, A. I., Ribeiro, D., Ronfani, L., Roro, E. M., Roshandel, G., Rostami, A., Saad, R. S., Sabbagh, P., Sabour, S., Saddik, B., Safiri, S., Sahebkar, A., Salahshoor, M. R., Salehi, F., Salem, H., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Salomon, J. A., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric Milicevic, M. M., Sartorius, B., Sarveazad, A., Sathian, B., Satpathy, M., Savic, M., Sawhney, M., Sayyah, M., Schneider, I. J. C., Schöttker, B., Sekerija, M., Sepanlou, S. G., Sepehrimanesh, M., Seyedmousavi, S., Shaahmadi, F., Shabaninejad, H., Shahbaz, M., Shaikh, M. A., Shamshirian, A., Shamsizadeh, M., Sharafi, H., Sharafi, Z., Sharif, M., Sharifi, A., Sharifi, H., Sharma, R., Sheikh, A., Shirkoohi, R., Shukla, S. R., Si, S., Siabani, S., Silva, D. A. S., Silveira, D. G. A., Singh, A., Singh, J. A., Sisay, S., Sitas, F., Sobngwi, E., Soofi, M., Soriano, J. B., Stathopoulou, V., Sufiyan, M. B., Tabarés-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Takahashi, K., Tamtaji, O. R., Tarawneh, M. R., Tassew, S. G., Taymoori, P., Tehrani-Banihashemi, A., Temsah, M. -H, Temsah, O., Tesfay, B. E., Tesfay, F. H., Teshale, M. Y., Tessema, G. A., Thapa, S., Tlaye, K. G., Topor-Madry, R., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Traini, E., Tran, B. X., Tran, K. B., Tsadik, A. G., Ullah, I., Uthman, O. A., Vacante, M., Vaezi, M., Varona Pérez, P., Veisani, Y., Vidale, S., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vollset, S. E., Vos, T., Vosoughi, K., Vu, G. T., Vujcic, I. S., Wabinga, H., Wachamo, T. M., Wagnew, F. S., Waheed, Y., Weldegebreal, F., Weldesamuel, G. T., Wijeratne, T., Wondafrash, D. Z., Wonde, T. E., Wondmieneh, A. B., Workie, H. M., Yadav, R., Yadegar, A., Yadollahpour, A., Yaseri, M., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yeshaneh, A., Yimam, M. A., Yimer, E. M., Yisma, E., Yonemoto, N., Younis, M. Z., Yousefi, B., Yousefifard, M., Yu, C., Zabeh, E., Zadnik, V., Moghadam, T. Z., Zaidi, Z., Zamani, M., Zandian, H., Zangeneh, A., Zaki, L., Zendehdel, K., Zenebe, Z. M., Zewale, T. A., Ziapour, A., Zodpey, S., Murray, C. J. L., and Global Burden of Disease Cancer Collaboration,

Abstract

Importance: Cancer and other noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are now widely recognized as a threat to global development. The latest United Nations high-level meeting on NCDs reaffirmed this observation and also highlighted the slow progress in meeting the 2011 Political Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Noncommunicable Diseases and the third Sustainable Development Goal. Lack of situational analyses, priority setting, and budgeting have been identified as major obstacles in achieving these goals. All of these have in common that they require information on the local cancer epidemiology. The Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study is uniquely poised to provide these crucial data. Objective: To describe cancer burden for 29 cancer groups in 195 countries from 1990 through 2017 to provide data needed for cancer control planning. Evidence Review: We used the GBD study estimation methods to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs). Results are presented at the national level as well as by Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income, educational attainment, and total fertility rate. We also analyzed the influence of the epidemiological vs the demographic transition on cancer incidence. Findings: In 2017, there were 24.5 million incident cancer cases worldwide (16.8 million without nonmelanoma skin cancer [NMSC]) and 9.6 million cancer deaths. The majority of cancer DALYs came from years of life lost (97%), and only 3% came from years lived with disability. The odds of developing cancer were the lowest in the low SDI quintile (1 in 7) and the highest in the high SDI quintile (1 in 2) for both sexes. In 2017, the most common incident cancers in men were NMSC (4.3 million incident cases); tracheal, bronchus, and lung (TBL) cancer (1.5 million incident cases); and prostate cancer (1.3 million incident cases). The most common causes of cancer deaths and DALYs fo

Published
2019
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44. An iterative approach for obtaining nonlinear frequency of a conservative oscillator with strong nonlinearities

Author

Mohammadian, M., Pourmehran, O., and Ju, P.

Abstract

An iterative procedure is suggested for obtaining the higher-order approximate solutions of a conservative system comprising an oscillator with cubic and quintic restoring force function. The proposed method is similar to the traditional harmonic balance methods but unlike them the obtained from the previous step errors are considered in the present step to increase the accuracy of the solution. A comparison of results with those obtained by exact solution and other approximate analytical techniques confirms an accuracy of the method. It is shown that the achieved approximate solutions are valid for both small and large amplitudes of oscillation and can meet the exact solutions with a high level of accuracy in the lower-order of approximations. Furthermore, using the obtained analytical solutions, the effect of cubic and quintic terms on the frequency is discussed. Запропонована ітераційна процедура для отримання наближених розв’язків високого порядку консервативної системи, яка містить осцилятор з відновлювальною силою, що описується третім і п’ятим порядками нелінійності. Запропонований метод аналогічний до класичних методів гармонічного балансу, однак на відміну від них тут похибки, отримані на попередньому кроці, розглядаються на наступному кроці з метою підвищення точності розв’язку. Порівняння результатів з результатами, отриманими як точний розв’язок і іншими наближеними аналітичними методиками підтверджує точність методу. Показано, що отримані наближені розв’язки вірні як для малих, так і для великих амплітуд коливань і можуть узгоджуватись з точним розв’язком з високим рівнем точності при низьких порядках наближень. Далі обговорюється вплив членів третього і п’ятого порядків на основі отриманих аналітичних розв’язків.

Published
2018

45. A Novel Fluorescent Disperse Dye based on N-Polyamidoamine Dendrimer-1,8 Naphthalimide: Synthesis, Characterization and Dyeing Properties on Polyester Fibres

Author

Aryabadie S, Dodangeh M, and Mohammadian M

Subjects
Ethylenediamine, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence, 0104 chemical sciences, Disperse dye, Polyester, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Dendrimer, Reagent, Polymer chemistry, Dyeing, 0210 nano-technology, Divergent synthesis
Abstract

Polyamidoamine dendrimer of zero generation was prepared by a divergent synthesis scheme using the reagent excess method starting from ethylenediamine by consecutive Michael addition and ester amidation reaction. In order to obtain the fluorescent dye, the amino end groups of synthesized dendrimer were reacted with 4-amino- 1,8-naphthalimide via aromatic nucleophilic substitution reaction. The chemical structures of prepared dye and its corresponding intermediates were studied by FTIR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and UV-Visible spectroscopic techniques. Synthesized dye was applied as a disperse dye on polyester fabric by high temperature exhaustion dyeing and relevant characteristics of dyed fabrics including dye ability, build up, wash and light fastness were evaluated. Also the position of color in CIELAB coordinates (L*, a*, b*, h°, C*) was assessed.

Published
2018
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48. Antidiabetic Effect of Hydroalcholic Urtica dioica Leaf Extract in Male Rats with Fructose-Induced Insulin Resistance

Author

Akram Ahangarpour, Mohammadian, M., and Dianat, M.

Subjects
lcsh:R5-920, insulin resistance, Urtica dioica, lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins), Original Article, Fructose, lcsh:Medicine (General)
Abstract

Background: Urtica dioica has been used as antihypertensive, antihyperlipidemic and antidiabetic herbal medicine. The purpose of this study was to study the effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Urtica dioica on fructose-induced insulin resistance rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups including control, fructose, extract 50, extract 100 and extract 200. The control rat received vehicle, the fructose and extract groups received fructose 10% for eight weeks. The extract groups received single daily injection of vehicle, 50, 100 or 200 mg/kg/day for the two weeks. Blood glucose, insulin, last fasting insulin resistance index (FIRI), serum triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), alanin trasaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), leptin and LDL/HDL ratio were determined. Results: Compared to control group, daily administration of fructose was associated with significant increase in FIRI, blood glucose and insulin, significant decrease in lepin, and no significant change in TG, HDL, LDL, LDL/HDL ratio, VLDL, ALT, and ALP. The extract significantly decreased serum glucose, insulin, LDL and leptin, and LDL/HDL ratio and FIRI. It also significantly increased serum TG, VLDL, and AST, but did not change serum ALP. Conclusion: We suggest that Urtica dioica extract, by decreasing serum glucose, and FIRI, may be useful to improve type 2 diabetes mellitus. Also, by positive effect on lipid profile and by decreasing effect on leptin, it may improve metabolic syndrome.

Published
2012

49. Normative data of grip and pinch strengths in healthy adults of Iranian population

Author

Mohammadian, M., Choobineh, A., Haghdoost, A., and Naser Hasheminejad

Subjects
body regions, Grip strength, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Normative data, Original Article, Hand strength, lcsh:RA1-1270, human activities, Pinch strength
Abstract

Background Measuring and comparing grip and pinch strengths with their normative data is a valid method to detect intensity of the numerous damages of hand. This research was carried out with the aim of establishing normative data of grip strength and three types of pinch strengths (Tip, Key and Palmar) in healthy Iranian adults. Methods In this cross-sectional study, the study population was formed of 1008 people (526 men and 482 women) from healthy Fars race adults of over 20 years old in five cities of Iran. American Society of Hand Therapists (ASHT) recommendations were followed to establish normative data of grip and pinch strengths. Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were developed based on sex, 12 different age groups and dominant and non-dominant hands. Jamar dynamometer and Seahan pinch gauge were used to measure grip and pinch strengths, respectively. Results Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were provided. Grip and pinch strengths of men were significantly stronger than women. The maximum grip strength of men was obtained in the group of 20-24 years and among women it was in the age group 35-39 years. Regardless of gender, grip and pinch strengths were declined with aging. Conclusion Normative data of grip and pinch strengths were developed for Iranian population.

Published
2014

50. Robust and Scalable Coordination of Potential-Field Driven Agents

Author

Jong, S. de, Tuyls, K., Sprinkhuizen-Kuyper, I.G., Mohammadian, M., and Mohammadian, M.

Subjects
business.industry, Computer science, Distributed computing, Swarm robotics, Mobile robot, Cognitive artificial intelligence, Swarm intelligence, Task (project management), Domain (software engineering), Component (UML), Scalability, Artificial intelligence, Motion planning, business
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 56522.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) In this paper, we introduce a nature-inspired multiagent system for the task domain of resource distribution in large storage facilities. The system is based on potential fields and swarm intelligence, in which straightforward path planning is integrated. We show both experimentally and theoretically that the system is adaptive, robust and scalable. Moreover, we show that the planning component helps to overcome common pitfalls for nature-inspired systems in the task assignment domain. We end this paper with a discussion of an additional requirement for multi-agent systems interacting with humans: functionality. More precisely, we argue that such systems must behave in a fair way to be functional. We illustrate how fairness can be measured and illustrate that our system behaves in a moderately fair manner.

Published
2006

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