Author: "Mohammed A. Khallaf" - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

33 results on '"Mohammed A. Khallaf"'

1. Quantitive variation of male and female-specific compounds in 99 drosophilid flies

Author: Mohammed A. Khallaf, Melissa Diaz-Morales, Bill S. Hansson, and Markus Knaden
Subjects: Pheromone, Drosophila, Male-specific compound, Female-specific compound, Thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, Courtship, Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, R858-859.7, Science (General), Q1-390
Abstract: Variation in sex pheromones is regarded as one of the causes of reproductive isolation and speciation. We recently identified 51 male- and female-specific compounds – many of which function as sex pheromones – in 99 drosophilid species [1]. Here, we report that despite many of these compounds being shared between species, their quantities differ significantly. For example, although 34 drosophilid species share the male-specific compound cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), which plays a critical role in regulating various social and sexual behaviors, the amount of cVA can differ by up to 600-fold between different species. Additionally, we found 7-tricosene, the cuticular hydrocarbon pheromone, present in 35 Drosophila species. Our findings indicate that 7-tricosene is equally present in both sexes of 14 species, more abundant in males of 14 species, and more abundant in females of 7 species. We provide raw data on the concentration of potential pheromone components in the 99 drosophilids, which can provide important insights for further research on the behavior and evolution of these species. Quantitative variations highlight species-specific patterns, suggesting an additional mechanism for reproductive isolation built on specific combinations of compounds at set concentrations.
Published: 2024
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2. Hedgehog-mediated gut-taste neuron axis controls sweet perception in Drosophila

Author: Yunpo Zhao, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Emilia Johansson, Najat Dzaki, Shreelatha Bhat, Johannes Alfredsson, Jianli Duan, Bill S. Hansson, Markus Knaden, and Mattias Alenius
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Food regulates taste perception, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are not clear. Here, the authors reveal that sugar intake in Drosophila induces the gut to secrete Hedgehog into the circulation that suppresses sweet taste, sugar perception and preference.
Published: 2022
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3. Predator efficacy and attraction to herbivore-induced volatiles determine insect pest selection of inferior host plant

Author: Mohammed A. Khallaf, Medhat M. Sadek, and Peter Anderson
Subjects: Ecology, Biological sciences, Zoology, Animals, Ethology, Science
Abstract: Summary: Unlike mammals, most invertebrates provide no direct parental care for their progeny, which makes a well-selected oviposition site crucial. However, little is known about the female evaluation of opportunities and threats during host selection. Leveraging the wide range of host plants used by the polyphagous pest, Spodoptera littoralis, we investigate oviposition choice between two plants of different nutritional quality. Females prefer to lay their eggs on the host plant, which has inferior larval development and more natural enemies but provides lower predation rates. On the superior host plant, a major predator shows more successful search behavior and is more attracted to herbivore-induced volatiles. Our findings show that predator efficacy and odor-guided attraction, rather than predator abundance, determine enemy free space. We postulate that predators' behaviors contribute to the weak correlation between preference and performance during host plant selection in S. littoralis and in polyphagous insects in general.
Published: 2023
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4. Large-scale characterization of sex pheromone communication systems in Drosophila

Author: Mohammed A. Khallaf, Rongfeng Cui, Jerrit Weißflog, Maide Erdogmus, Aleš Svatoš, Hany K. M. Dweck, Dario Riccardo Valenzano, Bill S. Hansson, and Markus Knaden
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Despite the profound knowledge of sex pheromones, little is known about the coevolutionary mechanisms and constraints on their production and detection. Whole-genome sequences from 99 drosophilids, with chemical and behavioural data, show that sex pheromones and their cognate olfactory channels evolve rapidly and independently.
Published: 2021
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5. Inverse resource allocation between vision and olfaction across the genus Drosophila

Author: Ian W. Keesey, Veit Grabe, Lydia Gruber, Sarah Koerte, George F. Obiero, Grant Bolton, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Grit Kunert, Sofia Lavista-Llanos, Dario Riccardo Valenzano, Jürgen Rybak, Bruce A. Barrett, Markus Knaden, and Bill S. Hansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Neural architecture may be shaped by selection, but is likely also constrained by development. Here, Keesey and colleagues find an inverse relationship between allocation towards visual and olfactory sensory systems across the genus Drosophila, which may reflect a developmental trade-off.
Published: 2019
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6. Corrigendum: Plant-Induced Transgenerational Plasticity Affecting Performance but Not Preference in a Polyphagous Moth

Author: Axel Rösvik, Patrick Lhomme, Mohammed A. Khallaf, and Peter Anderson
Subjects: within-generation phenotypic plasticity, transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, anticipatory plasticity, larval performance, insect behaviour, Lepidoptera, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Published: 2020
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7. Plant-Induced Transgenerational Plasticity Affecting Performance but Not Preference in a Polyphagous Moth

Author: Axel Rösvik, Patrick Lhomme, Mohammed A. Khallaf, and Peter Anderson
Subjects: within-generation phenotypic plasticity, transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, anticipatory plasticity, larval performance, insect behaviour, Lepidoptera, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Environmental variation experienced by a single genotype can induce phenotypic plasticity in various traits, such as behavioural, physiological and developmental characteristics. It can occur within the lifetime of an individual through within-generation phenotypic plasticity (WGP) or vertically across generations through transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TGP). However, knowledge about TGP and the co-occurrence of WGP and TGP is still limited. In insect host-plant selection, the ability to alter phenotypic traits through WGP is well documented while the importance of TGP and the possible co-occurrence between the two is largely unknown. Host-plant selection of both larvae and adults of the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis can be modified by previous experience through WGP. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate if parental host-plant experience can influence host-plant choice behaviour and performance of S. littoralis offspring through TGP. For this, we tested effects of rearing parents on different host plants on the offspring’s first instar larval migration and host plant choice, larval development and adult oviposition. A transgenerational effect on larval development was found, with increased pupal weight on a matching host-plant diet to that of the parent, when larvae were reared on cotton (good larval host plant) while no such effect was found on maize (poor larval host plant). These findings indicate that TGP of S. littoralis progeny development traits may only occur under favourable conditions. Parental diet did not affect larval host plant choice or migration. Furthermore, no effect of parental diet was found on offspring oviposition behaviour, indicating that adult female host-plant selection is governed by innate preference hierarchy and WGP, rather than TGP. Thus, parental diet may influence offspring performance but not behaviour, indicating that WGP is most important for host-plant selection behaviours in S. littoralis, but TGP can affect progeny development. If so, the importance of different types of plasticity may vary among traits of S. littoralis associated with host plant utilisation.
Published: 2020
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8. Pathogenic bacteria enhance dispersal through alteration of Drosophila social communication

Author: Ian W. Keesey, Sarah Koerte, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Tom Retzke, Aurélien Guillou, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Nicolas Buchon, Markus Knaden, and Bill S. Hansson
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Behavioral manipulation of host by pathogens has been observed in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Here the authors show that in Drosophila, infection with pathogenic bacteria leads to increased pheromone release, which attracts healthy flies. This process benefits the pathogen since it enhances bacterial dispersal, but is detrimental to the host.
Published: 2017
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9. Evaluation of the DREAM Technique for a High-Throughput Deorphanization of Chemosensory Receptors in Drosophila

Author: Sarah Koerte, Ian W. Keesey, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Lucas Cortés Llorca, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Bill S. Hansson, and Markus Knaden
Subjects: Drosophila, olfaction, ligand–receptor interaction, DREAM, deorphanization, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: In the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of olfactory receptors mediating the detection of volatile chemicals found in their natural habitat have been functionally characterized (deorphanized) in vivo. In this process, receptors have been assigned ligands leading to either excitation or inhibition in the olfactory sensory neuron where they are expressed. In other, non-drosophilid insect species, scientists have not yet been able to compile datasets about ligand–receptor interactions anywhere near as extensive as in the model organism D. melanogaster, as genetic tools necessary for receptor deorphanization are still missing. Recently, it was discovered that exposure to artificially high concentrations of odorants leads to reliable alterations in mRNA levels of interacting odorant receptors in mammals. Analyzing receptor expression after odorant exposure can, therefore, help to identify ligand–receptor interactions in vivo without the need for other genetic tools. Transfer of the same methodology from mice to a small number of receptors in D. melanogaster resulted in a similar trend, indicating that odorant exposure induced alterations in mRNA levels are generally applicable for deorphanization of interacting chemosensory receptors. Here, we evaluated the potential of the DREAM (Deorphanization of receptors based on expression alterations in mRNA levels) technique for high-throughput deorphanization of chemosensory receptors in insect species using D. melanogaster as a model. We confirmed that in some cases the exposure of a chemosensory receptor to high concentration of its best ligand leads to measureable alterations in mRNA levels. However, unlike in mammals, we found several cases where either confirmed ligands did not induce alterations in mRNA levels of the corresponding chemosensory receptors, or where gene transcript-levels were altered even though there is no evidence for a ligand–receptor interaction. Hence, there are severe limitations to the suitability of the DREAM technique for deorphanization as a general tool to characterize olfactory receptors in insects.
Published: 2018
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10. Herbivore-Induced Changes in Cotton Modulates Reproductive Behavior in the Moth Spodoptera littoralis

Author: Ali Zakir, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Bill S. Hansson, Peter Witzgall, and Peter Anderson
Subjects: herbivory, Spodoptera littoralis, reproductive behavior, repellency, pheromonal communication, plant resistance, Evolution, QH359-425, Ecology, QH540-549.5
Abstract: Plants produce chemical defense compounds to resist herbivore attack either by repelling the herbivores or attracting natural enemies of the herbivores. We have previously shown that volatile compounds from cotton released in response to herbivory by conspecifics reduce oviposition in cotton leafworm moth Spodoptera littoralis. It remained, however, unclear whether herbivore-induced changes also affect moth pre-mating and mating behaviors. In this study we examined the effect of herbivore-induced changes in cotton on reproductive behaviors i.e., female calling, male attraction and investment, and mating behavior in S. littoralis. We found a reduction in the number of females calling i.e., females releasing pheromone, in the presence of cotton plants damaged by larvae of S. littoralis compared to undamaged plants. Females also spent significantly less time calling and showed a delay in calling in the presence of damaged plants. Furthermore, males exhibited significantly delayed activation and reduced attraction toward female sex pheromone in the presence of damaged plants. We also found that mating success and the number of matings were significantly reduced in the presence of damaged plants whereas male investment i.e., spermatophore weight, was not affected. Thus, our study provides evidence that herbivory by conspecifics on host plants affect pre-mating and mating behaviors in an insect herbivore.
Published: 2017
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11. Evolutionary neuroecology of olfactory‐mediated sexual communication and host specialization in Drosophila – a review

Author: Mohammed A. Khallaf and Markus Knaden
Subjects: Insect Science, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics
Published: 2022

12. Maternal knowledge, coping strategies, and metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes

Author: Nabila Mohammed Raouf Khallaf, Ayat Farouk Manzour, Aya Mostafa, and Fatma Abdel Salam Meky
Subjects: Psychiatry and Mental health
Abstract: Background Trends of type 1 diabetes have increased among Egyptian children in the past two decades. Managing a child with type 1 diabetes is a great challenge for parents especially when the child is not developmentally able to manage the disease independently. This study aimed to determine level of diabetes-specific knowledge among diabetic children’s mothers, measure maternal diabetes-related stress, identify diabetes-related maternal coping strategies, and to examine the effect of maternal diabetes-specific knowledge, maternal diabetes-related stress, and their adopted coping strategy on glycemic control of their children. A cross-sectional study was conducted in outpatient clinic for diabetic children at a university hospital in Cairo, Egypt. One hundred and four mothers of diabetic children were recruited. Diabetes-specific knowledge was measured by Modified Diabetes Knowledge Questionnaire. Diabetes-related stress and coping strategies were measured by the Ways of Coping Questionnaire. Glycosylated hemoglobin level was obtained from medical records. Results 61.5% of mothers had good diabetes-specific knowledge; however, 45.2% had high levels of diabetes-related stress. The most common adopted maternal coping strategy was acceptance of child’s illness (71.6%). Glycosylated hemoglobin level in diabetic children was negatively correlated with positive and wishful thinking (p = 0.042 and p = 0.010 respectively) and acceptance of illness (p = 0.002), while positively correlated with cognitive restructuring (p = 0.007). Conclusions Health education to train mothers to adopt positive coping strategies might maintain a better glycemic control in diabetic children in similar settings.
Published: 2022

13. A sensitive period for the induction of host plant preference in a generalist herbivorous insect

Author: Mattias C. Larsson, Patrick Lhomme, Peter J. Anderson, and Mohammed A. Khallaf
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Herbivore, Larva, Phenotypic plasticity, biology, media_common.quotation_subject, fungi, 05 social sciences, food and beverages, Zoology, Insect, biology.organism_classification, Generalist and specialist species, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Preference, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, Animal Science and Zoology, 050102 behavioral science & comparative psychology, Metamorphosis, Spodoptera littoralis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common
Abstract: Many species use early life sensory experiences to guide phenotypic plasticity and facilitate decision making during later adult settlement in new habitats or location of suitable resources. However, only some of the available sensory information in the environment is relevant for future decision making and, in addition, it may only be informative during certain times during development. This means that sampling of environmental information that should be retained to adulthood could be limited to certain sensitive periods. In the polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis, recent studies have demonstrated that adult females exhibit an innate preference hierarchy for certain plants that can be modulated by olfactory experience during the larval stage. This olfactory-driven phenotypic plasticity requires that information about plant quality is transferred over the full metamorphosis. However, the timing of information acquisition that affects adult behaviour and whether there is a sensitive period for the sensory experience inducing host plant preferences are not known. In this study, we tested whether experience used by adult females during host plant choice was acquired during early or later larval stages and whether adult females can retain larval experience from only one or from sequential feeding events on different plants. We found that only plant feeding experience during the later larval stages induced a host plant preference shift in adult females. Furthermore, our experiments demonstrated that when given an artificial diet in the later larval stage, adult females relied on their innate plant preference hierarchy even if they had feeding experience from a host plant in the early stages. The existence of a sensitive period during late larval stages may be constrained not only by neural development or limitations, but also by ecological factors affecting when the larval experience is most reliable for adult decisions.
Published: 2020

14. Autogenous bacterins cross-protection as a trial for Streptococcosis control in Oreochromis niloticus

Author: Amany M. Diab, Mohammed M Khallaf, and Riad H. Khalil
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Veterinary medicine, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Corneal opacity, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Aquatic Science, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Mass mortality, Vaccination, Oreochromis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Dorsal region, 040102 fisheries, medicine, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, %22">Fish , Streptococcus iniae, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: The present work investigated experimentally a rapid, effective and inexpensive control to streptococcosis, and the role of Streptococcus iniae as a major cause for mass mortalities of cultured Oreochromis niloticus in Kafrelsheikh, Egypt, in the summer of 2017; mass mortality was associated with poor water quality, and cultured naturally infected O. niloticus showed corneal opacity, congestion, and deep haemorrhagic ulceration in the dorsal region. S. iniae was identified as a causative agent by traditional and PCR techniques. The highest incidence of S. iniae was in the liver. Choosing vaccination as a control was experimentally investigated; the superiority of Streptococcus agalactiae FKC bacterin was related to the antibody titre, which was higher than S. iniae bacterin. The relative level of protection values were 79% and 23% in fish challenged with S. agalactiae and vaccinated with FKC of either S. agalactiae or S. iniae, respectively. These values were 56% and 74% in fish challenged with S. iniae and vaccinated with FKC of either S. agalactiae or S.i niae, respectively. In conclusions, autogenous bacterins of S. agalactiae or S.iniae induced cross-protection against S. agalactiae and S. iniae, in O. niloticus. The protection was superior to a S. agalactiae FKC vaccine, which could be a useful means for the prevention and control of streptococcosis.
Published: 2019

15. Pharmacological and ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera against cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress and immune suppression in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

Author: Nasser M. El-Sabbagh, Mohammed M Khallaf, Mohamed M Atallah, Hanan A. Ghetas, Medhat S. Shakweer, and Riad H. Khalil
Subjects: Antioxidant, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, medicine.medical_treatment, chemistry.chemical_element, Aspartate transaminase, Withania somnifera, Cadmium chloride, Pharmacology, Withania, Antioxidants, chemistry.chemical_compound, Fish Diseases, Cadmium Chloride, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, Animals, Cadmium, biology, Chemistry, General Medicine, Cichlids, biology.organism_classification, Malondialdehyde, Pollution, Animal Feed, Aeromonas hydrophila, Diet, Oxidative Stress, Alanine transaminase, Toxicity, Dietary Supplements, biology.protein
Abstract: This study was carried out to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of aqueous extract of Withania somnifera (W. somnifera) against cadmium chloride-induced toxicity in the Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus. Five experimental groups were designed: group (I) was free from cadmium chloride and W. somnifera and served as a control, group (II) was exposed to 1.775 mg L-1 of cadmium chloride only (which is equivalent to 1/4 96-h LC50), while groups (III), (IV), and (V) were exposed to 1.775 mg cadmium chloride L-1 with co-supplementation of dietary W. somnifera in doses of 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 mL kg-1 body weight (bwt), respectively. The experiment lasted for 4 weeks. In the second and fourth weeks of the experiment, the following indicators were evaluated: hematological (hemogram and blood protein profile), biochemical (activities of serum liver enzymes, namely alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST)), immunological (immunoglobulin M (IgM), serum lysozyme), and tissue antioxidant changes (malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)). Additionally, gene expressions of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) in the liver were assessed. At the end of the experiment, all fish in all groups were experimentally challenged with Aeromonas hydrophila and the relative protection survival (RPS) was demonstrated. The results revealed that groups exposed to cadmium chloride toxicity and co-supplemented with dietary aqueous extract of W. somnifera at high doses showed significant ameliorative effects in hemogram parameters, total protein, globulin, IgM, and lysozyme against cadmium chloride-induced toxicity compared to the control group and the group exposed to a sublethal dose of cadmium chloride without co-suplemntation of W. somnifera. The results showed also that groups supplemented orally with W. somnifera at high doses have higher antioxidant activities of CAT and SOD and reduction of MDA formation. Levels of gene expressions of GST in the liver were higher in W. somnifera extract-supplemented groups more than those in the group exposed to cadmium chloride-induced toxicity without W. somnifera supplementation. In addition, the results revealed improved RPS with the dietary supply of W. somnifera extract in high doses. In conclusion, this study showed that the dietary supplementation of W. somnifera extract to diets of O. niloticus could be suggested as an effective way to overcome cadmium chloride-induced toxicity because it improves blood parameters and antioxidants, and it can be used as an immunostimulant against the invading bacterial pathogens.
Published: 2020

16. Insect host choice: Don’t put all the eggs in one basket

Author: Markus Knaden and Mohammed A. Khallaf
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Insecta, Bacteria, Offspring, Host (biology), media_common.quotation_subject, Oviposition, fungi, Tephritidae, Zoology, Insect, Biology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Competition (biology), 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, parasitic diseases, Odorants, Animals, Female, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, media_common
Abstract: Summary Unlike mammals, most insects have no chance to personally take care of their offspring. Insect mothers, therefore, carefully weigh egg-laying options to select an optimal site, which guarantees better survival and fitness for their progeny. A new study in oriental fruit flies reveals that gravid females rely on a bacteria-derived odour — β-caryophyllene — to avoid competition for their offspring.
Published: 2020

17. Large-scale characterization of sex pheromone communication systems in Drosophila

Author: Bill S. Hansson, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Markus Knaden, Rongfeng Cui, Jerrit Weißflog, Dario Riccardo Valenzano, Maide Erdogmus, Aleš Svatoš, and Hany K.M. Dweck
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Olfactory system, Male, Scale (anatomy), Evolution, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Olfaction, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Pheromones, Article, Courtship, 03 medical and health sciences, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Species Specificity, Copulation, Animals, Sex Attractants, Drosophila, Phylogeny, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Phylogenetic tree, Mechanism (biology), Female receptivity, Communication, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Smell, 030104 developmental biology, Drosophila melanogaster, Evolutionary biology, Sex pheromone, Female
Abstract: Insects use sex pheromones as a reproductive isolating mechanism to attract conspecifics and repel heterospecifics. Despite the profound knowledge of sex pheromones, little is known about the coevolutionary mechanisms and constraints on their production and detection. Using whole-genome sequences to infer the kinship among 99 drosophilids, we investigate how phylogenetic and chemical traits have interacted at a wide evolutionary timescale. Through a series of chemical syntheses and electrophysiological recordings, we identify 52 sex-specific compounds, many of which are detected via olfaction. Behavioral analyses reveal that many of the 43 male-specific compounds are transferred to the female during copulation and mediate female receptivity and/or male courtship inhibition. Measurement of phylogenetic signals demonstrates that sex pheromones and their cognate olfactory channels evolve rapidly and independently over evolutionary time to guarantee efficient intra- and inter-specific communication systems. Our results show how sexual isolation barriers between species can be reinforced by species-specific olfactory signals., Despite the profound knowledge of sex pheromones, little is known about the coevolutionary mechanisms and constraints on their production and detection. Whole-genome sequences from 99 drosophilids, with chemical and behavioural data, show that sex pheromones and their cognate olfactory channels evolve rapidly and independently.
Published: 2020

18. Corrigendum: Plant-Induced Transgenerational Plasticity Affecting Performance but Not Preference in a Polyphagous Moth

Author: Peter J. Anderson, Patrick Lhomme, Axel Rösvik, and Mohammed A. Khallaf
Subjects: anticipatory plasticity, insect behaviour, transgenerational phenotypic plasticity, biology, Ecology, lcsh:Evolution, Zoology, Plasticity, biology.organism_classification, Preference, Lepidoptera genitalia, Lepidoptera, Transgenerational epigenetics, within-generation phenotypic plasticity, lcsh:QH540-549.5, lcsh:QH359-425, lcsh:Ecology, Spodoptera littoralis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, larval performance
Published: 2020

19. Olfactory receptor and circuit evolution promote host specialization

Author: Richard Benton, Thomas O. Auer, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Gregory S.X.E. Jefferis, Markus Knaden, Raquel Álvarez-Ocaña, Ana F. Silbering, J. Roman Arguello, Bill S. Hansson, Giovanna Zappia, Kaitlyn Ellis, and Sophie Jeanne Cécile Caron
Subjects: Male, Nervous system, Olfactory system, Sensory system, Receptors, Odorant, Models, Biological, Host Specificity, Article, Olfactory Receptor Neurons, Drosophila sechellia, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Species Specificity, Interneurons, Specialization (functional), medicine, Drosophila Proteins, Animals, Morinda, Drosophila, Alleles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Olfactory receptor, Multidisciplinary, Behavior, Animal, biology, fungi, Brain, Olfactory Pathways, biology.organism_classification, Drosophila melanogaster, medicine.anatomical_structure, 13. Climate action, Evolutionary biology, Fruit, Odorants, Calcium, Drosophila simulans, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: The evolution of animal behaviour is poorly understood1,2. Despite numerous correlations between interspecific divergence in behaviour and nervous system structure and function, demonstrations of the genetic basis of these behavioural differences remain rare3–5. Here we develop a neurogenetic model, Drosophila sechellia, a species that displays marked differences in behaviour compared to its close cousin Drosophila melanogaster6,7, which are linked to its extreme specialization on noni fruit (Morinda citrifolia)8–16. Using calcium imaging, we identify olfactory pathways in D. sechellia that detect volatiles emitted by the noni host. Our mutational analysis indicates roles for different olfactory receptors in long- and short-range attraction to noni, and our cross-species allele-transfer experiments demonstrate that the tuning of one of these receptors is important for species-specific host-seeking. We identify the molecular determinants of this functional change, and characterize their evolutionary origin and behavioural importance. We perform circuit tracing in the D. sechellia brain, and find that receptor adaptations are accompanied by increased sensory pooling onto interneurons as well as species-specific central projection patterns. This work reveals an accumulation of molecular, physiological and anatomical traits that are linked to behavioural divergence between species, and defines a model for investigating speciation and the evolution of the nervous system. A neurogenetic model, Drosophila sechellia—a relative of Drosophila melanogaster that has developed an extreme specialization for a single host plant—sheds light on the evolution of interspecific differences in behaviour.
Published: 2020

20. Functional integration of 'undead' neurons in the olfactory system

Author: Mohammed A. Khallaf, Bill S. Hansson, Lucia L. Prieto-Godino, Steeve Cruchet, Markus Knaden, Ana F. Silbering, Sylvain Pradervand, Karolina Bojkowska, and Richard Benton
Subjects: Nervous system, Olfactory system, Programmed cell death, Sensory system, Biology, Olfactory Receptor Neurons, Imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Ecology,Evolution & Ethology, medicine, Homologous chromosome, Animals, Functional integration, Receptor, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, Evolutionary Biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, FOS: Clinical medicine, Neurosciences, SciAdv r-articles, Axons, Sensory neuron, Life stage, Electrophysiology, Culicidae, Drosophila melanogaster, medicine.anatomical_structure, nervous system, Odorants, Neuron, Neuroscience, Genetics & Genomics, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Undead neurons may underlie the evolution of new olfactory circuits., Programmed cell death (PCD) is widespread during neurodevelopment, eliminating the surpluses of neuronal production. Using the Drosophila olfactory system, we examined the potential of cells fated to die to contribute to circuit evolution. Inhibition of PCD is sufficient to generate new cells that express neural markers and exhibit odor-evoked activity. These “undead” neurons express a subset of olfactory receptors that is enriched for relatively recent receptor duplicates and includes some normally found in different chemosensory organs and life stages. Moreover, undead neuron axons integrate into the olfactory circuitry in the brain, forming novel receptor/glomerular couplings. Comparison of homologous olfactory lineages across drosophilids reveals natural examples of fate change from death to a functional neuron. Last, we provide evidence that PCD contributes to evolutionary differences in carbon dioxide–sensing circuit formation in Drosophila and mosquitoes. These results reveal the remarkable potential of alterations in PCD patterning to evolve new neural pathways.
Published: 2020
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21. New perspective to control of tenacibaculosis in sea bassDicentrarchus labraxL

Author: Riad H. Khalil, Amany M. Diab, Medhat S. Shakweer, Amira Ae-D Omar, Hanan A. Ghetas, and Mohammed M Khallaf
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Fishery, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, biology, Perspective (graphical), 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Dicentrarchus, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Aquatic Science, Sea bass, biology.organism_classification
Published: 2018

22. Inverse resource allocation between vision and olfaction across the genus Drosophila

Author: Dario Riccardo Valenzano, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Grit Kunert, Sofia Lavista-Llanos, Jürgen Rybak, Bill S. Hansson, Veit Grabe, George F. Obiero, Ian W. Keesey, Sarah Koerte, Bruce A. Barrett, Grant Bolton, Lydia Gruber, and Markus Knaden
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, media_common.quotation_subject, Science, Sensation, General Physics and Astronomy, Sensory system, 02 engineering and technology, Olfaction, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Animals, Genetically Modified, Courtship, Sexual Behavior, Animal, 03 medical and health sciences, Stimulus modality, Phylogenetics, medicine, Animals, lcsh:Science, Drosophila, Phylogeny, Vision, Ocular, media_common, Multidisciplinary, biology, Brain, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, biology.organism_classification, Biological Evolution, Smell, Imaginal disc, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Imaginal Discs, Evolutionary biology, Larva, Female, lcsh:Q, 0210 nano-technology, Spatial Navigation, Neuroanatomy
Abstract: Divergent populations across different environments are exposed to critical sensory information related to locating a host or mate, as well as avoiding predators and pathogens. These sensory signals generate evolutionary changes in neuroanatomy and behavior; however, few studies have investigated patterns of neural architecture that occur between sensory systems, or that occur within large groups of closely-related organisms. Here we examine 62 species within the genus Drosophila and describe an inverse resource allocation between vision and olfaction, which we consistently observe at the periphery, within the brain, as well as during larval development. This sensory variation was noted across the entire genus and appears to represent repeated, independent evolutionary events, where one sensory modality is consistently selected for at the expense of the other. Moreover, we provide evidence of a developmental genetic constraint through the sharing of a single larval structure, the eye-antennal imaginal disc. In addition, we examine the ecological implications of visual or olfactory bias, including the potential impact on host-navigation and courtship., Neural architecture may be shaped by selection, but is likely also constrained by development. Here, Keesey and colleagues find an inverse relationship between allocation towards visual and olfactory sensory systems across the genus Drosophila, which may reflect a developmental trade-off.
Published: 2019

23. The making of an olfactory specialist

Author: Richard Benton, Sophie Jeanne Cécile Caron, Kaitlyn Ellis, Bill S. Hansson, Ana F. Silbering, Gregory S.X.E. Jefferis, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Giovanna Zappia, Thomas O. Auer, and Markus Knaden
Subjects: Olfactory system, Nervous system, 0303 health sciences, Sensory system, Biology, biology.organism_classification, Drosophila sechellia, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, Calcium imaging, Evolutionary biology, Genetic algorithm, medicine, Melanogaster, Allele, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: The evolution of animal behaviour is poorly understood. Despite numerous correlations of behavioural and nervous system divergence, demonstration of the genetic basis of interspecific behavioural differences remains rare. Here we develop a novel neurogenetic model,Drosophila sechellia, a close cousin ofD. melanogasterthat displays profound behavioural changes linked to its extreme host fruit specialisation. Through calcium imaging, we identify olfactory pathways detecting host volatiles. Mutational analysis indicates roles for individual receptors in long- and short-range attraction. Cross-species allele transfer demonstrates that differential tuning of one receptor is important for species-specific behaviour. We identify the molecular determinants of this functional change, and characterise their behavioural significance and evolutionary origin. Circuit tracing reveals that receptor adaptations are accompanied by increased sensory pooling onto interneurons and novel central projection patterns. This work links molecular and neuronal changes to behavioural divergence and defines a powerful model for investigating nervous system evolution and speciation.
Published: 2019
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24. Evaluation of the DREAM Technique for a High-Throughput Deorphanization of Chemosensory Receptors in Drosophila

Author: Bill S. Hansson, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Ian W. Keesey, Markus Knaden, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Sarah Koerte, and Lucas Cortés Llorca
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Receptor expression, ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, ligand–receptor interaction, Olfaction, lcsh:RC321-571, 03 medical and health sciences, Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience, Melanogaster, medicine, Model organism, Receptor, Molecular Biology, Gene, deorphanization, lcsh:Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, Original Research, biology, ved/biology, DREAM, biology.organism_classification, Sensory neuron, Cell biology, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Drosophila, Drosophila melanogaster, Neuroscience, olfaction
Abstract: In the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster, the majority of olfactory receptors mediating the detection of volatile chemicals found in their natural habitat have been functionally characterized (deorphanized) in vivo. In this process receptors have been assigned ligands leading to either excitation or inhibition in the olfactory sensory neuron (OSN) where they are expressed. In other, non-drosophilid insect species, scientists have not yet been able to compile datasets about ligand-receptor interactions anywhere near as extensive as in the model organism D. melanogaster, as genetic tools necessary for receptor deorphanization are still missing. Recently it was discovered that exposure to artificially high concentrations of odorants leads to reliable alterations in mRNA levels of interacting odorant receptors in mammals. Analyzing receptor expression after odorant exposure can, therefore, help to identify ligand-receptor interactions in vivo without the need for other genetic tools. Transfer of the same methodology from mice to a small number of receptors in D. melanogaster resulted in a similar trend, indicating that odorant exposure induced alterations in mRNA levels are generally applicable for deorphanization of interacting chemosensory receptors. Here we evaluated the potential of the DREAM (Deorphanization of receptors based on expression alterations in mRNA levels) technique for high-throughput deorphanization of chemosensory receptors in insect species using D. melanogaster as a model. We confirmed that in some cases the exposure of a chemosensory receptor to high concentration of its best ligand leads to measureable alterations in mRNA levels. However, unlike in mammals, we found several cases where either confirmed ligands did not induce alterations in mRNA levels of the corresponding chemosensory receptors, or where gene transcript-levels was altered even though there is no evidence for a ligand-receptors interaction. Hence, there are severe limitations to the suitability of the DREAM technique for deorphanization as a general tool to characterize olfactory receptors in insects.
Published: 2018

25. Seasonal Parasitic Infestations and their Close Relationship to Immune Suppression in Cultured Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax l) and Sea Bream (Sparus auratus)

Author: Khalil Rh, Mohammed M Khallaf, Sherif El Shanat, Medhat S. Shakweer, and Hanan A Ghetas
Subjects: Fish mortality, Immune system, Close relationship, Sparus auratus, Zoology, Dicentrarchus, General Medicine, Biology, Sea bass, biology.organism_classification
Published: 2018

26. Electrical synapses mediate synergism between pheromone and food odors in Drosophila melanogaster

Author: Elisa Schuh, Markus Knaden, Bill S. Hansson, F. Trona, Silke Sachse, Mohammed A. Khallaf, and Sudeshna Das
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Sensory Receptor Cells, Oleic Acids, Receptors, Cell Surface, Biology, Acetates, Receptors, Odorant, Pheromones, 03 medical and health sciences, Electrical Synapses, Sex Factors, medicine, Animals, Drosophila Proteins, Electrical synapse, Sex Attractants, Acetic Acid, Glomerulus (olfaction), Multidisciplinary, Courtship display, Behavior, Animal, Courtship, Drug Synergism, biology.organism_classification, Animal Feed, Olfactory Bulb, Smell, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Drosophila melanogaster, Odor, PNAS Plus, Gene Expression Regulation, Food, Sex pheromone, Odorants, Pheromone, Antennal lobe, Female, Neuroscience
Abstract: In Drosophila melanogaster, the sex pheromone produced by males, cis-vaccenyl acetate (cVA), evokes a stereotypic gender-specific behavior in both males and females. As Drosophila adults feed, mate, and oviposit on food, they perceive the pheromone as a blend against a background of food odors. Previous studies have reported that food odors enhance flies’ behavioral response to cVA, specifically in virgin females. However, how and where the different olfactory inputs interact has so far remained unknown. In this study, we elucidated the neuronal mechanism underlying the response at an anatomical, functional, and behavioral level. Our data show that in virgin females cVA and the complex food odor vinegar evoke a synergistic response in the cVA-responsive glomerulus DA1. This synergism, however, does not appear at the input level of the glomerulus, but is restricted to the projection neuron level only. Notably, it is abolished by a mutation in gap junctions in projection neurons and is found to be mediated by electrical synapses between excitatory local interneurons and projection neurons. As a behavioral consequence, we demonstrate that virgin females in the presence of vinegar become receptive more rapidly to courting males, while male courtship is not affected. Altogether, our results suggest that lateral excitation via gap junctions modulates odor tuning in the antennal lobe and drives synergistic interactions between two ecologically relevant odors, representing food and sex.
Published: 2017

27. Pathogenic bacteria enhance dispersal through alteration of Drosophila social communication

Author: Mohammed A. Khallaf, Nicolas Buchon, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Sarah Koerte, Ian W. Keesey, Bill S. Hansson, Tom Retzke, Aurélien Guillou, and Markus Knaden
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Science, media_common.quotation_subject, General Physics and Astronomy, Zoology, Insect, medicine.disease_cause, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Serratia Infections, 03 medical and health sciences, Pseudomonas, medicine, Animals, Pseudomonas Infections, Social Behavior, Drosophila, Serratia marcescens, media_common, Multidisciplinary, Acinetobacter, biology, Host (biology), Ecology, fungi, Pathogenic bacteria, General Chemistry, biology.organism_classification, Attraction, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animal Communication, Smell, Drosophila melanogaster, Pectobacterium carotovorum, 030104 developmental biology, Sex pheromone, Odorants, Biological dispersal, Cues, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections, Lactobacillus plantarum
Abstract: Pathogens and parasites can manipulate their hosts to optimize their own fitness. For instance, bacterial pathogens have been shown to affect their host plants’ volatile and non-volatile metabolites, which results in increased attraction of insect vectors to the plant, and, hence, to increased pathogen dispersal. Behavioral manipulation by parasites has also been shown for mice, snails and zebrafish as well as for insects. Here we show that infection by pathogenic bacteria alters the social communication system of Drosophila melanogaster. More specifically, infected flies and their frass emit dramatically increased amounts of fly odors, including the aggregation pheromones methyl laurate, methyl myristate, and methyl palmitate, attracting healthy flies, which in turn become infected and further enhance pathogen dispersal. Thus, olfactory cues for attraction and aggregation are vulnerable to pathogenic manipulation, and we show that the alteration of social pheromones can be beneficial to the microbe while detrimental to the insect host., Behavioral manipulation of host by pathogens has been observed in vertebrates, invertebrates, and plants. Here the authors show that in Drosophila, infection with pathogenic bacteria leads to increased pheromone release, which attracts healthy flies. This process benefits the pathogen since it enhances bacterial dispersal, but is detrimental to the host.
Published: 2017

28. Olfactory channels associated with the Drosophila maxillary palp mediate short- and long-range attraction

Author: Regina Stieber, Bill S. Hansson, Abu Farhan, Shimaa A.M. Ebrahim, Hany K.M. Dweck, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Jerrit Weißflog, Aleš Svatoš, Christopher Koenig, Markus Knaden, and Ewald Grosse-Wilde
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Olfactory system, QH301-705.5, Science, Sensory system, Olfaction, Olfactory Receptor Neurons, Pheromones, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, D. suzukii, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Animals, Biology (General), Antenna (biology), Olfactory receptor, Behavior, Animal, Ecology, D. melanogaster, General Immunology and Microbiology, biology, General Neuroscience, maxillary palp, fungi, General Medicine, Anatomy, respiratory system, Olfactory Perception, biology.organism_classification, Attraction, Cell biology, Smell, Drosophila melanogaster, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Odor, Medicine, sense organs, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Neuroscience, Research Article, olfaction
Abstract: The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster is equipped with two peripheral olfactory organs, antenna and maxillary palp. The antenna is involved in finding food, oviposition sites and mates. However, the functional significance of the maxillary palp remained unknown. Here, we screened the olfactory sensory neurons of the maxillary palp (MP-OSNs) using a large number of natural odor extracts to identify novel ligands for each MP-OSN type. We found that each type is the sole or the primary detector for a specific compound, and detects these compounds with high sensitivity. We next dissected the contribution of MP-OSNs to behaviors evoked by their key ligands and found that MP-OSNs mediate short- and long-range attraction. Furthermore, the organization, detection and olfactory receptor (Or) genes of MP-OSNs are conserved in the agricultural pest D. suzukii. The novel short and long-range attractants could potentially be used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of this pest species. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.14925.001
Published: 2016

29. Author response: Olfactory channels associated with the Drosophila maxillary palp mediate short- and long-range attraction

Author: Mohammed A. Khallaf, Regina Stieber, Abu Farhan, Bill S. Hansson, Jerrit Weißflog, Hany K.M. Dweck, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Aleš Svatoš, Christopher Koenig, Markus Knaden, and Shimaa A.M. Ebrahim
Subjects: biology, Range (biology), Evolutionary biology, Drosophila (subgenus), biology.organism_classification, Attraction
Published: 2016

30. 'Do you remember the first time?' Host plant preference in a moth is modulated by experiences during larval feeding and adult mating

Author: Magali Proffit, David Carrasco, Mattias C. Larsson, Peter J. Anderson, and Mohammed A. Khallaf
Subjects: Male, media_common.quotation_subject, Oviposition, Insect, Spodoptera, Food Preferences, Sexual Behavior, Animal, Animals, Herbivory, Mating, Sex Attractants, Spodoptera littoralis, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, Phenotypic plasticity, Larva, biology, Ecology, fungi, Voltinism, biology.organism_classification, Preference, Sex pheromone, Female, Cues
Abstract: In insects, like in other animals, experience-based modulation of preference, a form of phenotypic plasticity, is common in heterogeneous environments. However, the role of multiple fitness-relevant experiences on insect preference remains largely unexplored. For the multivoltine polyphagous moth Spodoptera littoralis we investigated effects of larval and adult experiences on subsequent reproductive behaviours. We demonstrate, for the first time in male and female insects, that mating experience on a plant modulates plant preference in subsequent reproductive behaviours, whereas exposure to the plant alone or plant together with sex pheromone does not affect this preference. When including larval feeding experiences, we found that both larval rearing and adult mating experiences modulate host plant preference. These findings represent the first evidence that host plant preferences in polyphagous insects are determined by a combination of innate preferences modulated by sensory feedback triggered by multiple rewarding experiences throughout their lifetime.
Published: 2014

31. Mate discrimination among subspecies through a conserved olfactory pathway

Author: Sofia Lavista-Llanos, Byrappa Ammagarahalli, Silke Sachse, Luciano M. Matzkin, Jerrit Weißflog, Mohammed A. Khallaf, Stephanie M. Rollmann, Richard Benton, Hany K.M. Dweck, Thomas O. Auer, Veit Grabe, Filip Kaftan, Ana Depetris-Chauvin, Aleš Svatoš, Dan-Dan Zhang, Markus Knaden, Christer Löfstedt, and Bill S. Hansson
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Olfactory system, Male, animal structures, education, Olfaction, Subspecies, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Pheromones, 03 medical and health sciences, Sexual Behavior, Animal, 0302 clinical medicine, Melanogaster, Animals, Sex Attractants, 10. No inequality, Research Articles, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Evolutionary Biology, Multidisciplinary, biology, fungi, SciAdv r-articles, Olfactory Pathways, Incipient speciation, biology.organism_classification, Drosophila mojavensis, Drosophila melanogaster, Evolutionary biology, Sex pheromone, Pheromone, Drosophila, Female, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Research Article, Neuroscience
Abstract: Differential interpretation of a sex pheromone promotes formation of new species in Drosophila., Communication mechanisms underlying the sexual isolation of species are poorly understood. Using four subspecies of Drosophila mojavensis as a model, we identify two behaviorally active, male-specific pheromones. One functions as a conserved male antiaphrodisiac in all subspecies and acts via gustation. The second induces female receptivity via olfaction exclusively in the two subspecies that produce it. Genetic analysis of the cognate receptor for the olfactory pheromone indicates an important role for this sensory pathway in promoting sexual isolation of subspecies, in combination with auditory signals. Unexpectedly, the peripheral sensory pathway detecting this pheromone is conserved molecularly, physiologically, and anatomically across subspecies. These observations imply that subspecies-specific behaviors arise from differential interpretation of the same peripheral cue, reminiscent of sexually conserved detection but dimorphic interpretation of male pheromones in Drosophila melanogaster. Our results reveal that, during incipient speciation, pheromone production, detection, and interpretation do not necessarily evolve in a coordinated manner.
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32. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery

Author: Knight, Sr, Chu, K, Lapitan, Mc, Dare, Aj, Pius, R, Shaw, Ca, Drake, Tm, Norman, L, Ademuyiwa, Ao, Adisa, Ao, Aguilera, Ml, Al-Saqqa, Sw, Al-Slaibi, I, Bhangu, A, Biccard, Bm, Brocklehurst, P, Costas-Chavarri, A, Elhadi, M, Fairfield, Cj, Fitzgerald, Je, Ghosh, D, Glasbey, J, Henegouwen, Miv, Ingabire, Jca, Kingham, Tp, Lawani, I, Lieske, B, Lilford, R, Martin, J, Mclean, Ka, Moore, R, Morton, D, Nepogodiev, D, Ntirenganya, F, Pata, F, Pinkney, T, Stephen, R Knight, Catherine, A Shaw, Riinu, Pius, Thomas, M Drake, Lisa, Norman, Adesoji, O Ademuyiwa, Adewale, O Adisa, Maria Lorena Aguilera, Sara, W Al-Saqqa, Ibrahim, Al-Slaibi, Aneel, Bhangu, Bruce, M Biccard, Peter, Brocklehurst, Ainhoa, Costas-Chavarri, Kathryn, Chu, Anna, Dare, Muhammed, Elhadi, Cameron, J Fairfield, J Edward Fitzgerald, Dhruv, Ghosh, James, Glasbey, Mark, I van Berge Henegouwen, C Allen Ingabire, J, T Peter Kingham, Marie Carmela Lapitan, Ismaïl, Lawani, Bettina, Lieske, Richard, Lilford, Janet, Martin, Kenneth, A McLean, Rachel, Moore, Dion, Morton, Dmitri, Nepogodiev, Faustin, Ntirenganya, Francesco, Pata, Thomas, Pinkney, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Antonio Ramos-De la Medina, Aya, Riad, Hosni Khairy Salem, Joana, Simões, Richard, Spence, Neil, Smart, Stephen, Tabiri, Hannah, Thomas, Thomas, G Weiser, Malcolm, West, John, Whitaker, Ewen, M Harrison, Arben, Gjata, Maria Marta Modolo, Sebastian, King, Erick, Chan, Sayeda Nazmun Nahar, Ade, Waterman, Dominique, Vervoort, Alemayehu Ginbo Bedada, Bernardo De Azevedo, Ana Gabriela Figueiredo, Manol, Sokolov, Venerand, Barendegere, Gerald, Ekwen, Arnav, Agarwal, Qinyang, Liu, Juan Camilo Correa, Kalisya Luc Malemo, Jacques, Bake, Jakov, Mihanovic, Kamila, Kunčarová, Julius, Orhalmi, Hosni, Salem, Jyri, Teras, Aristotelis, Kechagias, Alexis, P Arnaud, Judith, Lindert, Vasileios, Kalles, Maria-Lorena, Aguilera-Arevalo, Gustavo, Recinos, Zsolt, Baranyai, Basant, Kumar, Harish Neelamraju Lakshmi, Sanoop Koshy Zachariah, Philip, Alexander, Sunil Kumar Venkatappa, Pramesh, C, Radhian, Amandito, Christina, Fleming, Luca, Ansaloni, Gianluca, Pellino, Ahmed, M Altibi, Ibrahim, Nour, Intisar, Hamdun, Ali, M Ghellai, Donatas, Venskutonis, Tomas, Poskus, Justas, Zilinskas, Precious, Malemia, Yong Yong Tew, Elaine, Borg, Sarah, Ellul, Fatima Zahraa Wafqui, David, W Borowski, Anne Sophie van Dalen, Cameron, Wells, Harissou, Adamou, Adesoji, Ademuyiwa, Adewale, Adisa, Kjetil, Søreide, Sara Al Saqqa, Osaid, Alser, Haya, Tahboub, Helmut Alfredo Segovia Lohse, Sebastian Shu Yip, Piotr, Major, António Sampaio Soares, Matei Razvan Bratu, Andrey, Litvin, Armen, Vardanyan, Ahmad, Gudal, Naif, Albati, Jovan, Juloski, Miran, Rems, Sarah, Rayne, Stephanie Van Straten, Yoshan, Moodley, Irene Ortega Vázquez, Jaime, Ruiz-Tovar, Kithsiri Janakantha Senanayake, Sujeewa Priyantha Bandara Thalgaspitiya, Omer Abdelbagi Omer, Anmar, Homeida, Yucel, Cengiz, Daniel, Clerc, Muhammad, Alshaar, Hanen, Bouaziz, Yuksel, Altinel, Matthew, Doe, Maryna, Freigofer, Ella, Teasdale, Rakan, Kabariti, Joshua Michael Clements, Stephen Richard Knight, Ahsan, Ashfaq, Ijeoma, Azodo, Gabriela, Wagner, Ivan, Trostchansky, Mayaba, Maimbo, David, Linyama, Helidon, Nina, Amanda, Zeko, Claudio Gabriel Fermani, Santiago, Villalobos, Federico, Carballo, Pablo, Farina, Sebastian, Guckenheimer, Marilla, Dickfos, Ankit, Ajmera, Chester, Chong, Ralph, Gourlay, Sikandar, Hussaini, Yi Jia Lee, Adeeb, Majid, Peter, Martin, Rebecca, Miles, Owen James Morris, Jamie, Phua, William, Ridley, Tarunpreet, Saluja, Ryan Renxin Tan, Jen, Teh, Anna, Wells, Bharti, Arora, Qaasim, Dollie, Debbie, Ho, Yanru, Ma, Omattage Mahasha Perera, Anthony, Truong, Amanda Caroline Dawson, Bryan, Lim, Upuli, Pahalawatta, Jacqueline, Phan, Xiao-Ming Sarah Woon-Shoo-Tong, Andrea, Yeoh, Lillian, Charman, Andrew, Drane, Sharon, Laura, Charmaine Chu Wen Lo, Amy, Mozes, Rita, Poon, Hao Han Tan, Ellen, Wall, Prakshi, Chopra, Jasmine De Giovanni, Bal, Dhital, Brian, Draganic, Alexander, Duller, Jonathan, Gani, Yao Kuan Goh, Jun Young Jeong, Brendan, Mcmanus, Prakash, Nagappan, Peter, Pockney, Anya, Rugendyke, Mahsa, Sarrami, Stephen, Smith, Vanessa, Wills, Hsu Ven Wong, Geoffrey, Ye, Geoffrey, Zhang, Ethan, Brooker, Daniel, Feng, Bonnie, Lau, Carlin, Ngai, Sarah, Birks, David, Gyorki, Jaime Otero de Pablos, Ali, Abbosh, Chris, Gillespie, Ahmed, Mahmoud, Bianca, Kwan, Joshua, Lawson, Andrea, Warwick, Janne, Bingham, Andrew, J Cockbain, Nagendra Naidu Dudi-Venkata, Jordan, Ellaby-Hall, Ben, Finlay, Emily, Humphries, Jade, Pisaniello, Monique, Pisaniello, Salma, Salih, Tarik, Sammour, Haidar Hadri Abd Wahab, April De Silva, Nicola, Hayward, Kartik, Iyer, Guy, Maddern, Gian Andrea Prevost, Naga, Annapureddy, Krishna Pranathi Settipalli, Jeremy, Yeo, Lucy, Hempenstall, Lily, Pham, Shaun, Purcell, Cherry, Talavera, Ashish, I Vaska, Gurpreet, Chaggar, Phillip, Chrapko, Annelise, Cocco, Sarah Michelle Crystal Jade Coulter-Nile, Grahame, Ctercteko, James, French, Houchen, Gong, Martijn, Gosselink, Thuvarahan, Jegathees, Ivan, Jin, Michelle, Kalachov, Kathryn, Kiefhaber, Katherine, Lee, Jason, Luong, Steven, Phan, Henry, Pleass, Kelly, Veale, Zhi, Zeng, Angela, Au, Ashe, Debiasio, Idy, Deng, Jananee, Myooran, Amrita, Nair, Peter, Stewart, Anton, Stift, Lukas Walter Unger, Kerstin, Wimmer, Nabila, Ahmed, Syed, Hasan, Saber, Rahman, Margaret, O'Shea, Greg, Padmore, Adrian, Peters, Pietro, Perduca, Guenda, Pulcina, Nicolas, Tinton, Frederic, Buxant, Elsa, Dabin, Giulia, Garofalo, Francis, Dossou, Freddy Houehanou Rodrigue Gnangnon, Yacoubou Imorou Souaibou, Pako, Motlaleselelo, Omphile, Tlhomelang, Igor Lima Buarque, Gustavo Mendonça Ataíde Gomes, Aldo Vieira Barros, Ilia, Batashki, Nikolai, Damianov, Vladislav, Stoyanov, Dragomir, Dardanov, Svilen, Maslyankov, Plamen, Petkov, George, Todorov, Evgeni, Zhivkov, Aygulya, Akisheva, Miguel Angel Castilla Moreno, Geno, Genov, Ivelina, Ilieva, Tsvetomir, Ivanov, Martin, Karamanliev, Azhar, Khan, Emil, Mitkov, Tsanko, Yotsov, Boyko, Atanasov, Nikolay, Belev, Mihail, Slavchev, Carlos, Nsengiyumva, Elgan, Jones, Simon, Stock, Steve, Kyota, James, Brown, Tresor Mabanza, K, Lemery Nigo Samuel, Chidi, Otuneme, Ngwang, Prosper, Franklin, Umenze, Marylise, Boutros, Natasha, Caminsky, Sinziana, Dumitra, Richard, Garfinkle, Dominique, Morency, Ebram, Salama, Alexander, Banks, Lorenzo, Ferri, Haitian, He, Amit, Katz, Alexander Sender Liberman, Sarkis, Meterissian, Allison, Pang, Elena, Parvez, Usmaan, Hameed, Fahima, Osman, Sangita, Sequeira, Natalie, Coburn, Alisha, Jaffer, Paul, Karanicolas, Matthew, Mosseler, Reilly, Musselman, Xinyuan, Liu, Ching Wan Yip, Juan Sebastian Garces-Otero, Carolina, Guzman, Sebastian, Sierra, Andres Uribe Valencia, Paulo Andrés Cabrera Rivera, Saul, Camelo, Andrea, Gonzalez, Alejandro, González-Orozco, Manuel Santiago Mosquera Paz, Carlos J- Perez Rivera, Felipe, Gonzalez, Andres, Isaza-Restrepo, Laura, Nino-Torres, Natalia Arias Madrid, Maria Clara Mendoza Arango, Justin, Tsandiraki, Damir, Jemendžić, Branislav, Kocman, Oliver, Šuman, Renata, Canic, Darko, Jurišić, Ivana, Karakas, Ana Krizanovic Rupcic, Vlatka, Pitlovic, Josip, Samardžić, Mario, Kopljar, Ivan, Bacic, Edgar, Domini, Robert, Karlo, Danijela, Miljanić, Andrea, Simic, Mariam, Ahmed, Majdi Al Nassrallah, Rabiya, Altaf, Talal, Amjad, Ruba, Eltoum, Heba, Haidar, Alhassan, Hassan, Omar, Khalil, Marwan, Qasem, Rommel, Ramesh, Gautham, Sajith, Maham, Wisal, Jan, Žatecký, Michele, Bujda, Katerina, Jirankova, Ales, Paclik, Aya, Abdallah, Mariam Abdulgawad Almogy, Esraa Ayman El-Sawy, Ahmed Moustafa ElFayoumy, Nourhan, Elghareeb, Nourhan Ahmed Esmat, Ahmed, Fadel, Abdullah, Habater, Heba, Hamdy, Amr, Hefni, Marwa, Kamal, Norhan Mohamed Abobakr, Ahmed, Sayed, Nancy, Shaker, Ehab, Taha, Hoda, Tharwat, Omar, Zakaria, Ibrahem, Abdelmotaleb, Ali, Al-Dhufri, Hamza, S Al-Himyari, Enas El Sheikh, Asmaa, Eldmaty, Aya, Elkhalawy, Ahmed, M Elkhashen, Kithara, Magdy, Safa, Mostafa, Habib Doutoum Sadia, Mohamed Mahmoud Saleh, Dina, Samir, Mohamed Yahia Mohamed Ali, Mahmoud, A Nassar, Samar, Abdelhady, Aly, Abdelrazek, Israa, Abdelsalam, Aya, El-Sawy, Eman, Essam, Mohamed, Gadelkarim, Khaled, Ghaly, Mohamed, Hassabalnaby, Rana, Masarani, Nourhan Mohamed Shaaban, Ahmed, Sabry, Menatalla, Salem, Nourhan Akram Soliman, Diaaaldin, Zahran, Moustafa Ramadan Abou El Soud, Esraa Tarek Badr, Hala, Borham, Nehal, Elmeslemany, Mohammad, Elsayed, Fawzia, Elsherif, Sara, Eslam, Gehad, Gaber, Sondos, Ibrahim, Yara, Kamh, Abdelrahman, Mahmoud, Shimaa Gamal Mohamed, Eman, Morshedy, Cinderella, Omar, Fatima Salem Soliman, Shaza, Abdelkawy, Naglaa, Abdelmohsen, Mahmoud, Abdelshakour, Ahmed, Dahy, Norhan, Gamal, Mohammed, Gamal, Ahmad, Hasan, Helal, Hetta, Nehad, Mousa, Mohamed, Omar, Somia, Rabie, Mahmoud, Saad, Bakeer, Saleh, Marwa Sayed Mohamed, Muhammad, Shawqi, Heba Abdelhady Mousa, Mostafa, Alnoury, Mohamed, Elbealawy, Ahmed, Elshafey, Muhammad Essam Ibrahim El Desouki Muhammad Ahmed, Mennatullah, Ghonaim, Fawzy, Hgag, Mohamed, Ibrahim, Mahmoud, Morsy, Mohamed Reda Loaloa, Ahmed, Refaat, Hadeer, Samir, Fatma, Shahien, Mohamed, Sobhy, Fathy, Sroor, Esraa, Abdellatif, Marina, Adel, Amr Abdelghani Afifi, Eman, Afifi, Marco, Antaky, Amr, Dawoud, Naira El Zoghby, Amira, El-Remaily, Ali Abdelazez Elzanfaly, Ahmed, Gadallah, Fatma Alzahraa Gamal, Omar, Hashem, Shrouk Medhat Youssef, Aliaa Muhammad Attyah, Malak, Munir, Omar, Shazly, Esraa, Taha, Karim, Wilson, Sawsan, Adel, Asmaa, Ali, Esraa, Eid, Esraa, Elhelow, Marwa, Elmahdy, Bassant, Elshatby, Amany Hossam El-Din Zakaria, Ahmad, Hossny, Eman, Ibrahim, Ahmed, M Yonis, Maram, Metwalli, Basant, Yousry, Esraa, Zid, Mina, A Yacoub, Ahmed, Abdelhakim, Nervana, Abouelsoad, Mo'Min, Alkhatib, Ahmed, Ashraf, Alaa, Ashraf, Yasmin, Elazab, Mahmoud, Elfanty, Osama, Elkabir, Mai, Elsayed, Ahmed, Elshimy, Hager, Elsobky, John, Eskander, Ahmed, Gad, Ward, Hamsho, Noura Khaled Abdelwahed, Menna, Magdy, Dalia, Moharam, Abeer, Osama, Shereen, Ramadan, Radwa, Roum, Taqwa, Sayed, Tarneem, Shehada, Ahmed Mohy Zidan, Khalid, Abbas, Amr, Ali, Mohamed, Attia, Mohamed, Balata, Ayman El Nakeeb, Mohamed Ibrahim Elsayed Elewaily, Ahmed, Elfallal, Hossam, Elfeki, Ahmed, Elkhadragy, Sameh, Emile, Helmy, Ezzat, Hasnaa, Hosni, Islam, Mansour, Waleed, Omar, Gehad, Othman, Kareem, Sadek, Mostafa, Shalaby, Noura, Shehab-Eldeen, Rawda Anas Khalifa, Helmy, Badr, Mostafa, Eldeep, Ahmed, Eldeep, Amany Eldoseuky Mohammed, Salwa, Khallaf, Eman Magdy Hegazy, Rokia, Mahmoud, Pola, Mikhail, Mahmoud, Morsi, Sara, Mowafy, Dina, Raafat, Amina, Safy, Marwa, Sera, Ahmed Shible Sera, Mostafa Salim Mohamed AbdAllah, Muhammad, Abdelkader, Abdulrahman Osama Abdou, Ahmedgaber, Ahmed, Shireen, Gaafar, Fatma Ibrahim Negm, Mina, Lapic, Ahmed, Maher, Hagar, Mahmoud, Ahmed, Mostafa, Mohamed, Samir, Fatma, Samy, Nourhan, Semeda, Hind, I Shalaby, Alaa, El-Taweel, Ahmed Galal Elnagar, Ahmed Gamal Hemidan, Mohamed, Hussein, Ahmed, A Kandil, Moawad, Mf, Ayat Allah Nasser Hamamah, 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Hompes, Marianne Kalff, Merel Elisabeth Stellingwerf, Pieter Tanis, Mark van Berge Henegouwen, Elise Maria van Praag, Daan Wisselink, Michael Gerhards, Josephine Lopes Cardozo, Emma Westerduin, Joske de Jonge, Aaw van Geloven, Kaz van Schilt, Frank den Boer, Simone Stoots, Stijn Vlek, Jamie Adams, Ibrahim S Al-Busaidi, Gabrielle Budd, Seung Il Choi, Michael Jen Jie Chu, Anurag Ganugapati, Lucy McKinstry, Rebecca Pascoe, Simon Richards, Kenrick Rosser, Annie Stevenson, Rebecca White, Shebani Farik, Jin Kwun, Ahmed Murad, Sarah Cowan, Timothy Hall, Michael Hayton, Laminou Malam Sani, Souleymane Oumarou Garba, Harissou Adamou, Ibrahim Amadou Magagi, Oumarou Habou, Halima Aliyu, Muhammad Daniyan, Tunde T Sholadoye, Lawal Abdullahi, Lofty-John Anyanwu, Aminu Mohammad Mohammad, Abubakar Bala Muhammad, Abdurrahman Abba Sheshe, Ibrahim Suleiman, Alaba Adesina, Ajibola Awolowo, Clement Onuoha, Omotayo Salami, Ogechukwu Taiwo, Agboola Taiwo, Stephen Kache, Jerry Godfrey Makama, Danjuma Sale, Olajide Abiola, Akinlabi Ajao, Anthony Ajiboye, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Julius Olaogun, Ademola Adebanjo, Opeoluwa Adesanya, Michael Olatunji Afolayan, Olanrewaju Balogun, Ayomide Makanjuola, Samuel Nwokocha, Rufus Wale Ojewola, Thomas Olagboyega Olajide, Adewale Aderounmu, Abdul-Rashid Adesunkanmi, Adewale Adisa, Augustine Agbakwuru, Adeleke Akeem Aderogba, Olusegun Isaac Alatise, Olukayode Arowolo, Oladejo Lawal, Tajudeen Mohammed, Chinedu Ndegbu, Olalekan Olasehinde, Funmilola Wuraola, Akinbolaji Akinkuolie, Amarachukwu Etonyeaku, Arinzechukwu Mosanya, Omobolaji Ayandipo, Peter Elemile, Taiwo Akeem Lawal, Samuel Ali Sani, Stephen Garba, Rebecca Hauwa Sani, Samson Olori, Henry Onyebuashi, Ifeanyi Umoke, Adedire Adenuga, Ademola Adeyeye, Olufemi Habeeb, Bashir Lawal, Abdulrasheed Nasir, Eirik Kjus Aahlin, Didrik Kjønås, Elisabeth Myrseth, Jibran Abbasy, Abdul Alvi, Omair Saleem, Asma Afzal, Anam Nazir, Muhammad Farooq, Ayesha Liaqat, Syed Asghar Naqi, Ali Raza, Muzna Sarfraz, Muhammad Sarwar, Muntaha Banglani, Ambreen Munir, Rahmat Sehrish, Bushra Ayub, Raza Sayyed, Amna Altaf, Saima Ayub, Ahmad Uzair Qureshi, Komal Saeed, Bilal Syed, Sana Amir Akbar, Abdul Wahid Anwer, Ruqayya Naheed Khan, Amina Iqbal Khan, Shahid Khattak, Sameen Mohtasham, Muhammad Asad Parvaiz, Aamir Ali Syed, Abdul Basit Ansari, Noman Shahzad, Tanwir Khaliq, Isbah Rashid, Shahzad Hussain Waqar, Hasan Abu Al-Saleem, Amjad Abu Alqumboz, Mohammad Alqadi, Adham Amro, Rawan Assa, Eman Awesat, Rawan Ayyad, Mohammed Hammad, Ayat Haymony, Bassel Hijazi, Bara Hmeidat, Rowaa Lahaseh, Aseel Qawasmi, Alaa Rajabi, Mohammed Shehada, Sundus Shkokani, Yasmine Yaghi, Nadine Yaghi, Mohammad AlZohour, Mohammad Farid, Yousef Mahmoud Habes, Wesam Juba, Yanal Nubani, Abdelrahman Rabee, Mohammad Sa'deh, Saeed Abed, Iyad Al Basos, Mohammad Alswerki, Dina Ashour, Israa Awad, Samar Diab, Alaa El Jamassi, Sahar El-Kahlout, Somaya Elhout, Ahmed N K Hajjaj, Doaa Hasanain, Baraa Nabil Hajjaj, Mohammed Obaid, Eman Saikaly, Ahmed Salhi, Hiba Al-Tammam, Murad Almasri, Muath Baniowda, Doha Beshtawi, Ali Horoub, Rami Misk, Bayan Mohammad, Rami Qasrawi, Tasnim Sholi, Samar Abu-Nimeh, Abrar Abu-Srour, Sadi A Abukhalaf, Samer Adawi, Barah Alsalameh, Kholoud Ayesh, Muawiyah Elqadi, Ahmad Hammouri, Fatima Karim Mustafa, Natalie Marzouqa, Shatha Melhem, Dima Miqdad, Balqees Mohamad, Mhammed Rawhi, Ayman B Abu Ahammala, Ahmed Abu Ataya, Israa Abu Jayyab, Samar Al-Shwaikh, Othman Alagha, Mohammed Alasttal, Haneen Awadallah, Mahmood Elblbessy, Jehad Fares, Akram Jarbou, Ibtisam Mahfouz, Moath A Albahnasawi, Asmaa' Abo Mahadi, Hasan Abuelhatal, Ayham Abuelqomboz, Abdelrahman Almoqayyad, Abdallah Alwali, Reem Balaawi, Mahmoud Hamouda, Mohammed Humeid, Abdullah Jedyan, Tasneem Mahmoud Abu Hamam, Ghadeer Matar, Ali Salem, Tahani Samra, Nureddin Shaheen, Karam Shihada, Ayoob A Nemer, Mahmoud Abu Al Amrain, Abdulwhhab Abu Alamrain, Najlaa Abu Jamie, Mohammed R Abu-Rous, Nada Alfarra, Mohammed AlTaweel, Noor Alwhaidi, Ramadan Hamed, Bader Saqqa, Ahmad Shaheen, Dana Aljaber, Loay Aljaberi, Malak Alwaheidi, Assef Jawaada, Hani Khaldi, Rami Qahoush, Jalil Qari, Rana Saadeh, Ahlam Salim, Aseel Yacoub, Abbas Abbas, Rana Abu Shua'ib, Baraa Abu Zainah, Mahmoud AbuSirrees, Basheer Babaa, Ola Barhoush, Asef Belal Qadomi, Laith Daraghmeh, Reema Haji, Alaa Khatatbeh, Lana Khatib, Salsabeel Qarariah, Yara Quzmar, Khalil Safadi, Roqaya Salameh, Mohammad Hassan, Shifaa Herzallah, Loai Massad, Ahmed Nazzal, Ranin Nazzal, Dennis Escobar, Gustavo Miguel Machain V, Agustin Rodriguez Gonzalez, Jorge Emerson Chachaima Mar, Nathaly Olga Chinchihualpa Paredes, Vicente Cuba, Walter Lopez, Maria Milagros Niquen Jimenez, Nestor Alberto Sanchez Bartra, Olenka Sapallanay Ojeda, Diego Sequeiros, Andrea Toscano Pacheco, María Vergara, Sol Abarca, Rodrigo Alcorta, Giuliano Borda-Luque, Ivan Edward Eusebio Zegarra, Claudia Luján López, Mirella Marrufo, Cinthya Mogrovejo, Andrea Nomura, Yamile Rodríguez Angeles, Maitza Rosario 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B., Shahzad, N., Khaliq, T., Rashid, I., Waqar, S. H., Abu Al-saleem, H., Abu Alqumboz, A., Alqadi, M., Amro, A., Assa, R., Awesat, E., Ayyad, R., Hammad, M., Haymony, A., Hijazi, B., Hmeidat, B., Lahaseh, R., Qawasmi, A., Rajabi, A., Shehada, M., Shkokani, S., Yaghi, Y., Yaghi, N., Alzohour, M., Farid, M., Habes, Y. M., Juba, W., Nubani, Y., Rabee, A., Sa'Deh, M., Abed, S., Al basos, I., Alswerki, M., Ashour, D., Awad, I., Diab, S., El Jamassi, A., El-Kahlout, S., Elhout, S., Hajjaj, A. N. K., Hasanain, D., Nabil hajjaj, B., Obaid, M., Saikaly, E., Salhi, A., Al-Tammam, H., Almasri, M., Baniowda, M., Beshtawi, D., Horoub, A., Misk, R., Mohammad, B., Qasrawi, R., Sholi, T., Abu-Nimeh, S., Abu-srour, A., Abukhalaf, S. A., Adawi, S., Alsalameh, B., Ayesh, K., Elqadi, M., Hammouri, A., Karim Mustafa, F., Marzouqa, N., Melhem, S., Miqdad, D., Mohamad, B., Rawhi, M., Abu Ahammala, A. 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K., Rencuzogullari, A., Isik, A., Leventoglu, S., Yalcinkaya, A., Yuksel, O., Kalayci, M. U., Kara, Y., Sarici, I. S., Akin, A., Alemdag, G. N., Arslan, E., Baki, B. E., Bodur, M. S., Calik, A., Candas Altinbas, B., Cihanyurdu, I., Erkul, O., Gul, B., Guner, A., Kose, B., Semiz, A., Sevim, Tayar, S., Tomas, K., Tufek, O. Y., Turkyilmaz, S., Ulusahin, M., Usta, A., Yildirim, R., Guler, S. A., Tatar, O. C., Varol, E., Kirimtay, B., Uysal, M., Yildiz, A., Kose, E., Ciftci, A. B., Colak, E., Eraslan, H., Kucuk, G. O., Yemez, K., Lule, H., Bienfait, M., Bua, E., Okalany, N., Basarab, M., Bielosludtsev, O., Kolhanova, K., Perepelytsia, K., Romanukha, K., Savenkov, D., Siryi, S., Tereshchenko, M., Viacheslav, N., Volovetskyi, A., Kebkalo, A., Tryliskyy, Y., Tyselskiy, V., Bruce, E., Chow, B. L., Iddles, E., Mcguckin, S., Newall, N., Ramsay, G., Sharma, P., Stewart, C., Wong, J., Badran, A., Bath, M., Belais, F., Butt, E., Joshi, K., Kapur, M., Shaw, M., Townson, A., Williams, C. Y. K., Gray, T., Greig, R., Husain, M., Murray, E., Mustafa, A., Asif, A., Gokul, A., Shah, M., Akitikori, M. T., Charalabopoulos, A., Davidson, S., Mcnally, S., Rupani, S., Juma, F., Mills, S. C., Muirhead, L., Sellars, K., Walsh, U., Warren, O., Chambers, A., Hunt, R., Boyce, S., Cornwall, H., Tol, I., Argyriou, E. O., Eardley, N., Povey, M., Aithie, J. M. S., Irfan, A., Mcguigan, M. -C., Starr, R., Warren, C. R., Archibald, J., Kirby, G., Kisyov, I., Khoo, C. K., Lee, R., Photiou, D., Davis, R., Prasad, U., Yang, P. Z., Bird, J., Leung, E., Summerour, V., Currow, C., Kiam, J., Tan, G. J. S., Muthusami, A., Pegba-Otemolu, I., Urbonas, T., Nunoo-Mensah, J., Smolskas, E., Boddy, A., Gravante, G., Hunter, D., Andrew, D., Koh, A., Thompson, A., Adams, L., Clements, H. 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S., Mitchell, R., Monaghan, E., Crawford, J., Moug, S., Blackwell, J., Boyd-Carson, H., Herrod, P., Al-Allaf, O., Beattie, M., Bullock, C., Burman, S., Clark, G., Flamey, N., Flannery, O., Harding, A., Kodiatt, B., Lawday, S., Mahapatra, S., Mukundu Nagesh, N., Ng, M., Rye, D., Yoong, A., Clark, L., Deans, C., Edirisooriya, M., Carrington, E. V., Wong, T. L. E., Yusuf, B., Chamberlain, C., Duke, K., Kmiotek, E., Botes, A., Condie, N., Schrire, T., Shah, R., Thomas-Jones, I., Yates, C., Anthony, N., Matthews, E., Sahnan, K., Tankel, J., Tucker, S., Winter Beatty, J., Ziprin, P., Duggan, W., Kantartzi, A., Sridhar, S., Khaw, R. A., Srivastava, P., Underwood, C., Alves do Canto Brum, H., Chopra, S., Davis, L., Hughes, R., Tulley, J., Alberts, J., Athisayaraj, T., Olugbemi, M., Ahmad, K., Chan, C., Chapman, G., Fleming, H., Fox, B., Grewar, J., Hulse, K., Rutherford, D., Sinead, M., Speake, D., Vaughan-Shaw, P. G., Christodoulides, N., Kudhail, S., Welch, M., Husaini, S. M., Lambracos, S., Anyanwu, C., Suresh, R., Thomas, J. S., Gleeson, E., Platoff, R., Saif, A., Enumah, Z., Etchill, E., Gabre-Kidan, A., Bernstein, M., Carrano, F. M., Connors, J., Lynn, P., Melis, M., Newman, E., Foster, D. S., Perrone, K., Titan, A., Ahmad, S., Bafford, A. C. M. D., Dal Molin, M., Hanna, N., Zafar, S. N., Hemmila, M., Napolitano, L., Wong, J. J., Chandler, J., Wood, L., Wren, S., Ottesen, T., You, L., Yu, K., Arcienega Yanez, M. D. P., Ferreira Fernandes, M., Gonzalez, D., Cubas, S., Gonzalez, M. C., Zubiaurre, V., Demolin, R., Giroff, N., Sciuto, P., Campos, M., Rodriguez Cantera, G., Deepika, G., Simuchimba, E., Bulaya, A., Chibuye, C., Chirengendure, B., Kabale, M. -R., Kabongo, K., Munthali, J., Mweso, O., Pikiti, F., Otieno, J., Lai, L. T., Blackman, B., Subramaniam, S., Karim, R., Kok, N., Lee, Y. D., Ali, S., Sinha, A., Corrigan, R., Barnes, N., Wong, F., Dennis, G., Jedamzik, J., Phillips, E., Piette, W., Van hentenryck, M., Koco, H., Lawani, S., Kassa, M. 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M., Srinivas, A., Sung, C. -Y., Tai, A., Valle Aranda, Y. C., Venturini, S., Wilguens Lartigue, J., Public and occupational health, AMS - Sports, APH - Health Behaviors & Chronic Diseases, CCA - Cancer Treatment and quality of life, Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology Metabolism, Cancer Center Amsterdam, and Albarella, Sara
Subjects: global surgery, hospitals, humans, income, neoplasms, postoperative period, poverty, prospective studies, no keywords listed, General Medicine, Prospective Studie, Hospital, Settore MED/18 - Chirurgia Generale, outcome, Hospitals, Humans, Income, Neoplasms, surgery, Postoperative Period, Poverty, Prospective Studies, cancer surgery, Human, hospital facilities
Abstract: © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licenseBackground: Early death after cancer surgery is higher in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) compared with in high-income countries, yet the impact of facility characteristics on early postoperative outcomes is unknown. The aim of this study was to examine the association between hospital infrastructure, resource availability, and processes on early outcomes after cancer surgery worldwide. Methods: A multimethods analysis was performed as part of the GlobalSurg 3 study—a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study of patients who had surgery for breast, colorectal, or gastric cancer. The primary outcomes were 30-day mortality and 30-day major complication rates. Potentially beneficial hospital facilities were identified by variable selection to select those associated with 30-day mortality. Adjusted outcomes were determined using generalised estimating equations to account for patient characteristics and country-income group, with population stratification by hospital. Findings: Between April 1, 2018, and April 23, 2019, facility-level data were collected for 9685 patients across 238 hospitals in 66 countries (91 hospitals in 20 high-income countries; 57 hospitals in 19 upper-middle-income countries; and 90 hospitals in 27 low-income to lower-middle-income countries). The availability of five hospital facilities was inversely associated with mortality: ultrasound, CT scanner, critical care unit, opioid analgesia, and oncologist. After adjustment for case-mix and country income group, hospitals with three or fewer of these facilities (62 hospitals, 1294 patients) had higher mortality compared with those with four or five (adjusted odds ratio [OR] 3·85 [95% CI 2·58–5·75]; p
Published: 2022

33. Olfactory channels associated with the Drosophila maxillary palp mediate short- and long-range attraction

Author: Hany KM Dweck, Shimaa AM Ebrahim, Mohammed A Khallaf, Christopher Koenig, Abu Farhan, Regina Stieber, Jerrit Weißflog, Aleš Svatoš, Ewald Grosse-Wilde, Markus Knaden, and Bill S Hansson
Subjects: D. suzukii, olfaction, maxillary palp, Medicine, Science, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: The vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster is equipped with two peripheral olfactory organs, antenna and maxillary palp. The antenna is involved in finding food, oviposition sites and mates. However, the functional significance of the maxillary palp remained unknown. Here, we screened the olfactory sensory neurons of the maxillary palp (MP-OSNs) using a large number of natural odor extracts to identify novel ligands for each MP-OSN type. We found that each type is the sole or the primary detector for a specific compound, and detects these compounds with high sensitivity. We next dissected the contribution of MP-OSNs to behaviors evoked by their key ligands and found that MP-OSNs mediate short- and long-range attraction. Furthermore, the organization, detection and olfactory receptor (Or) genes of MP-OSNs are conserved in the agricultural pest D. suzukii. The novel short and long-range attractants could potentially be used in integrated pest management (IPM) programs of this pest species.
Published: 2016
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33 results on '"Mohammed A. Khallaf"'

1. Quantitive variation of male and female-specific compounds in 99 drosophilid flies

2. Hedgehog-mediated gut-taste neuron axis controls sweet perception in Drosophila

3. Predator efficacy and attraction to herbivore-induced volatiles determine insect pest selection of inferior host plant

4. Large-scale characterization of sex pheromone communication systems in Drosophila

5. Inverse resource allocation between vision and olfaction across the genus Drosophila

6. Corrigendum: Plant-Induced Transgenerational Plasticity Affecting Performance but Not Preference in a Polyphagous Moth

7. Plant-Induced Transgenerational Plasticity Affecting Performance but Not Preference in a Polyphagous Moth

8. Pathogenic bacteria enhance dispersal through alteration of Drosophila social communication

9. Evaluation of the DREAM Technique for a High-Throughput Deorphanization of Chemosensory Receptors in Drosophila

10. Herbivore-Induced Changes in Cotton Modulates Reproductive Behavior in the Moth Spodoptera littoralis

11. Evolutionary neuroecology of olfactory‐mediated sexual communication and host specialization in Drosophila – a review

12. Maternal knowledge, coping strategies, and metabolic control of children with type 1 diabetes

13. A sensitive period for the induction of host plant preference in a generalist herbivorous insect

14. Autogenous bacterins cross-protection as a trial for Streptococcosis control in Oreochromis niloticus

15. Pharmacological and ameliorative effects of Withania somnifera against cadmium chloride-induced oxidative stress and immune suppression in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus

16. Insect host choice: Don’t put all the eggs in one basket

17. Large-scale characterization of sex pheromone communication systems in Drosophila

18. Corrigendum: Plant-Induced Transgenerational Plasticity Affecting Performance but Not Preference in a Polyphagous Moth

19. Olfactory receptor and circuit evolution promote host specialization

20. Functional integration of 'undead' neurons in the olfactory system

21. New perspective to control of tenacibaculosis in sea bassDicentrarchus labraxL

22. Inverse resource allocation between vision and olfaction across the genus Drosophila

23. The making of an olfactory specialist

24. Evaluation of the DREAM Technique for a High-Throughput Deorphanization of Chemosensory Receptors in Drosophila

25. Seasonal Parasitic Infestations and their Close Relationship to Immune Suppression in Cultured Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax l) and Sea Bream (Sparus auratus)

26. Electrical synapses mediate synergism between pheromone and food odors in Drosophila melanogaster

27. Pathogenic bacteria enhance dispersal through alteration of Drosophila social communication

28. Olfactory channels associated with the Drosophila maxillary palp mediate short- and long-range attraction

29. Author response: Olfactory channels associated with the Drosophila maxillary palp mediate short- and long-range attraction

30. 'Do you remember the first time?' Host plant preference in a moth is modulated by experiences during larval feeding and adult mating

31. Mate discrimination among subspecies through a conserved olfactory pathway

32. Effects of hospital facilities on patient outcomes after cancer surgery

33. Olfactory channels associated with the Drosophila maxillary palp mediate short- and long-range attraction

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