15 results on '"Mohammed BJ"'
Search Results
2. Molecular identification of Staphylococcus aureus -related enterotoxin genes in cheese samples.
- Author
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Al-Zuhairi ZA, Muslim ET, Faja OM, Alkhozai ZM, and Mohammed BJ
- Subjects
- Food Microbiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Cheese microbiology, Enterotoxins genetics, Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Dairy products are considered some important sources of various nutritional compounds; however, pathogenic bacterial growth is a critical destructive factor to these products leading to consumer health and system financial crises., Aim: The current study was carried out to identify if there is any presence of Staphylococcus aureus -related enterotoxin genes in cheese samples., Methods: The research included the collection of 35 samples. The samples passed through conventional cultivation processes and a PCR method to detect the presence of icaA , sea , hla , and fnbA enterotoxin genes in these samples., Results: The conventional identification revealed the growth of S . aureus from the cheese samples. The PCR findings recorded the presence of the icaA , sea , hla , and fnbA in 31 (88.5%), 27 (77%), 19 (54%), and 12 (34%), respectively, of cheese samples. The sequencing revealed close similarities with global isolates, which reached up to 98.5% of identity., Conclusion: The current results indicate the presence of enterotoxin genes of S. aureus in high rates in the dairy products examined, which reveals critical problems of food safety due to the possible presence of enterotoxins in consumer dairy products., Competing Interests: No conflict of interest is presented in the current study.
- Published
- 2024
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3. Molecular identification, virulence, and antibiotic-resistant genes characteristics of Staphylococcus spp., isolated from milk samples.
- Author
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Mhyson AS, Kadhim MS, Faja OM, Alwan MG, and Mohammed BJ
- Subjects
- Animals, Virulence genetics, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Iraq, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Cattle, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S analysis, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S genetics, Genotype, Staphylococcal Infections veterinary, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Polymerase Chain Reaction veterinary, Milk microbiology, Staphylococcus genetics, Staphylococcus drug effects, Staphylococcus isolation & purification
- Abstract
Background: Food safety and food-borne infections are major subjects of global interest. Dairy products are considered as important source for these infections., Aim: The present study was conducted to identify the occurrence and to genotype isolates of Staphylococcus spp. recovered from milk samples in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq., Methods: The current study included the collection of 50 milk samples purchased from local stores in the current city. These samples were subjected to bacterial cultivation and biochemical tests. Later, the growth was used to extract the genomic DNA that was exposed to PCR and partial gene sequencing both targeted the 16S rRNA gene at a specific genetic piece., Results: The PCR results demonstrated the amplification of the genetic fragment of five genetic clusters for each of Staphylococcus aureus (SAD11, SAD12, SAD13, SAD14, and SAD15), Staphylococcus epidermidis (SED1, SED2, SED3, SED4, and SED5), and Staphylococcus intermedius (SID1, SID2, SID3, SID4, and SID5). The PCR products were sent out to sequencing and reported that the current isolates were similar in their genetic content with global isolates at 95.34% to 97.59%, 96.21% to 97.57%, and 96.09% to 97.88%, respectively, of identity., Conclusion: The present findings show high genetic variations among isolates of S. aureus , S. epidermidis , and S. intermedius recovered from milk samples, and these genotypes are found in different infection settings related to humans and animals, which may pose high risks to humans and animals., Competing Interests: The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest for the current study.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
4. Relationship between vitamin D receptor genotypes (FOK1rs2228570) and IL18 gene expression in sample of multiple sclerosis Iraqi patients.
- Author
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Lafi And ZK and Mohammed BJ
- Subjects
- Male, Humans, Female, Young Adult, Adult, Middle Aged, Interleukin-18 genetics, Iraq, Genetic Predisposition to Disease genetics, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Genotype, Gene Frequency genetics, Case-Control Studies, Gene Expression genetics, Vitamin D, Receptors, Calcitriol genetics, Multiple Sclerosis genetics
- Abstract
Background: Multiple Sclerosis known as MS, this chronic inflammatory demyelinating condition affects the nervous system. It is a heterogenic and multifactorial disease. The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between MS patients' IL18 gene expression and the vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism (FOK1rs2228570)., Objective: The aim of the study to investigate the association of vitamin D receptor (FOK1rs2228570) gene polymorphism and pro inflammatory cytokine (IL18) gene expression among multiple sclerosis Iraqi patients. Detection VDR polymorphism and determine whether this SNP is involved in susceptibility to multiple sclerosis and estimation IL18 gene expression and explore its relation with multiple sclerosis susceptibility., Methods: Blood samples were taken from 75 MS patients in Iraq (30 men and 45 women), as well as from 75 volunteers who seemed to be in a favorable state of health and fell within the age range of 20 to 50 years. Tetra-ARMS Polymerase Chain Reaction (Tetra-ARMS PCR) was used to find polymorphisms in the vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene, and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) was used to measure IL18 gene expression., Results: The findings from the analysis of VDR gene polymorphism in patients with MS indicated that the wild-type genotype T/T was present in 8 individuals, accounting for 10.6%, the heterogeneous genotype TC was 36 (48%), and the homogeneous genotype CC was 31 (41.3%), whilst T allele frequency was 52(34.6%) and C allele was 98(65.3%) with (P⩽ 0.01) significant difference and even as in control T/T genotype was 49(65.3%), TC genotype was 21(28%), CC genotype was 5(6.66%), T allele frequency was 119(79.3%) and C allele was 31(20.6%) with significant difference (P⩽ 0.001). While estimation of IL18 expression showed high elevation in patients' group (2.59 ± 0.51 fold) by significance difference (P⩽ 0.5) when compared to control group (1.35 ± 0.14 fold). The relationship between IL18 gene expression with VDR variant in MS patients demonstrated a significant rise (2.9 ± 0.51 fold) at CC genotype patients in IL18 folding gene expression, followed by (4.6 ± 0.17 fold) in TC genotype patients and finally (1.4 ± 0.08 fold) in TT genotype patients with highly significant (P⩽ 0.01)., Conclusion: The VDR(FOK1rs2228570) genotype was significantly correlated with IL18 expression in MS patients from Iraq.
- Published
- 2024
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- View/download PDF
5. Relationship of TNFα-238 G/A (rs 361525) genotypes with TNFα gene expression in liver and pancreas disorders in sample of beta thalassemia major adult Iraqi patients.
- Author
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Luaibi HA and Mohammed BJ
- Subjects
- Humans, Adult, Male, Female, Iraq, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, Young Adult, Case-Control Studies, Gene Frequency, Gene Expression genetics, Adolescent, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Alleles, beta-Thalassemia genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics, Genotype, Liver Diseases genetics, Pancreatic Diseases genetics
- Abstract
Background: Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) is a crucial physiologic regulator of immune responses, and several disorders have been associated with its dysregulation., Objective: This study aimed to understand TNFα gene expression in adult patients with liver and pancreas disorders and examine the impact of TNFα-238 genotypes on this population., Methods: At the Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital in Baghdad, blood samples were collected from forty patients who were diagnosed with beta thalassemia together with pancreatic disease, forty patients who were diagnosed with thalassemia together with liver disorder, and forty patients who were diagnosed with thalassemia without pancreas or liver disorder. For the purpose of establishing a control group, forty samples were collected from persons who were of the same age and gender and seemed to be in good health. All of these individuals were deemed to be older than 18 years old. Through the utilization of real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), the level of TNF-α gene expression was investigated and assessed. The T-ARMS-PCR method was performed for detection and genotyping of TNFα-238 in thalassemia patients and healthy control samples., Results: The result showed that TNF α gene expression assessment showed that group B (thalassemia patients with liver disorder) had higher folding than other groups while the lowest gene expression was in group D (as control group). Furthermore, the relationship between TNFα gene expressions folding with TNFα-238 genotypes in beta thalassemia major patients, discovered a considerable increase at GA genotype patients in TNFα gene expression level, followed by AA genotype compared to the GG genotype. Furthermore, the results of the current study showed an association between the presence of the mutant (A) allele whether heterozygous (GA) and homozygous (AA) with the TNF-α gene expression in thalassemia patients with liver and pancreatic disorders., Conclusion: Based on the results, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the presence of the mutant (A) allele, whether heterozygous (GA) or homozygous (AA) of TNF-α 238, and TNF-α gene expression in liver and pancreatic diseases as well as in patients with thalassemia.
- Published
- 2024
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6. Molecular genotyping of Salmonella spp. isolated from cheese samples of local stores in Al-Diwaniyah city, Iraq.
- Author
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Faja OM, Mhyson AS, Atiyah WR, Mohammed BJ, and Adnan A
- Subjects
- Animals, Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique veterinary, Genotype, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Iraq, Salmonella genetics, Cheese microbiology, Salmonella enterica
- Abstract
Background: Food safety is an important subject that the global cheese industry increases awareness of. This urges these economic sectors to elevate the level of research to minimize cheese contamination with pathogenic bacteria, such as Salmonella ., Aim: Based on these merits, this study was conducted to genotype Salmonella spp. isolated from cheese samples of local stores in Al-Diwaniyah City, Iraq., Methods: The study used 41 samples of local fresh unsalted white cheese in a selective-growth-based isolation of Salmonella . These isolates were confirmed utilizing a slide-agglutination (SA) test and VITEK
® 2 system (V2S). Then, the isolates were subjected to conventional PCR and sequencing techniques that both targeted the 16S rRNA gene. For subtyping, the Salmonella isolates were subjected to a random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD)-PCR method., Results: The results of both SA and V2S revealed the presence of 14 (34.2%) isolates of Salmonella spp. in the cheese samples. The PCR confirmed 6 (42.9%) of these isolates, which further were defined with close nucleotide similarity (98.03%) and (97.88%) to different world isolates, such as Salmonella enterica subsp. Arizonae and Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhi , respectively. The RAPD-PCR findings showed different fragments for all the tested isolates., Conclusion: The present study indicates that the samples of the local fresh unsalted white cheese contain different Salmonella genotypes, which could be originated from different contamination sources., Competing Interests: All authors of the current article confirm that this work has no conflict of interest.- Published
- 2023
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7. Sarcoid‑like granulomatous inflammation in a carotid body paraganglioma: A case report and mini‑review of the literature.
- Author
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Abdullah AM, Kakamad FH, Tahir SH, Muhialdeen AS, Salih AM, Rahim HM, Mohammed BJ, Abdullah F, Hussein DA, and Mohammed SH
- Abstract
Sarcoid-like granulomatous inflammation (SLGI) is defined as the development of non-necrotizing epithelioid granulomas in patients who do not meet the criteria for systemic sarcoidosis. Its occurrence is known to be linked to diverse conditions, including malignancies, infections, the use of certain drugs and inorganic substances. To the best of our knowledge, the available literature to date lacks any description regarding SLGI in a paraganglioma. The present study describes the first case of SLGI in a carotid body paraganglioma (CBP). A 54-year-old female patient presented with anterior neck swelling for 27 years without any other symptoms. An ultrasonography revealed a multinodular goiter with retrosternal extension and a solid lesion on the right side of the neck measuring 40x30x22 mm, which was suggestive of a CBP. The patient underwent a total thyroidectomy, and the right-side cervical mass was resected via another longitudinal incision. A histopathological examination of the thyroid specimen revealed findings of a multinodular goiter. Sections from the right-side cervical mass confirmed the diagnosis of CBP accompanied by multiple, well-formed, small-medium sized, non-necrotizing epithelioid granulomas associated with multinucleated giant cells, indicative of SLGI. Non-necrotizing epithelioid cell granulomas (as with SLGIs), identical to those observed in sarcoidosis, may rarely be observed in patients who do not meet the criteria of systemic sarcoidosis; however, they have been observed in association with various neoplasms. It is thus crucial to distinguish them from actual sarcoidosis, as misdiagnoses may lead to severe consequences. The presence of SLGIs accompanying a paraganglioma is an extremely rare phenomenon. Due to this, it is difficult to conclude if it confers a better prognosis or not., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Abdullah et al.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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8. Gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma metastasizing to the chest wall: A case report and mini‑review of the literature.
- Author
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Ali R, Hawramy OHG, Kakamad FH, Hamasaeed D, Tahir SH, Ismaeil DA, Awalmohammed BA, Ali HHK, Mohammed BJ, Abdullah HO, and Abdalla BA
- Abstract
Subcutaneous metastasis from esophageal cancer (EC), particularly to the chest wall, is a very rare phenomenon. The present study describes a case of gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma that metastasized to the chest wall, invading the fourth anterior rib. A 70-year-old female presented with acute chest pain 4 months after undergoing Ivor-Lewis esophagectomy for gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma. A chest ultrasound revealed a solid hypoechoic mass on the right side of the chest. A contrast-enhanced computed tomography scan of the chest revealed a destructive mass on the right anterior fourth rib (7.5x5 cm). Fine needle aspiration revealed a metastatic moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma to the chest wall. Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography/computed tomography revealed a large FDG avid deposit on the right side of the chest wall. Under general anesthesia, a right-side anterior chest incision was made and the second, third and fourth ribs were resected with overlying soft tissues, including the pectoralis muscle and overlying skin. The histopathological examination confirmed a metastasized gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma to the chest wall. There are two common assumptions regarding chest wall metastasis from EC. The first one states that this metastasis can occur due to the implantation of the carcinoma during tumor resection. The latter supports the notion of tumor cell dissemination along the esophageal lymphatic and hematogenous systems. Chest wall metastasis from EC invading ribs is an extremely rare incident. However, its likelihood of occurrence should not be neglected following primary cancer treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Ali et al.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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9. Primary pancreatic synovial sarcoma: Report of a rare case and review of the literature.
- Author
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Ali RM, Seerwan K, Ali SM, Abdullah AM, Hawrami O, Hussein DM, Mohammed BJ, Karim M, Abdullah F, Abdalla BA, and Kakamad FH
- Abstract
Synovial sarcoma is a mesenchymal spindle cell tumor. Primary pancreatic sarcomas are extremely rare. The present study describes a rare case of synovial sarcoma in the head of the pancreas. A 35-year-old male presented with left upper quadrant abdominal pain. An endoscopic ultrasound examination revealed a complex solid-cystic lesion in the pancreatic head. He had undergone pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure). A histological examination yielded negative results for AE1/AE3, CD10, S100, CD34, desmin, smooth muscle actin, β-catenin, CD117, HMB45, chromogranin and synaptophysin. However, the results were positive for TLEI and vimentin, which is consistent with synovial sarcoma. Synovial sarcoma is a soft tissue malignant tumor. Primary pancreatic sarcomas frequently present as large, high-grade tumors in the pancreatic head. Histologically, there are several types of synovial sarcoma, such as monophasic, biphasic and poorly differentiated. A histological examination is necessary for the diagnosis as the imaging findings are not specifically suggestive of synovial sarcoma. The preferred course of treatment is complete resection with wide margins, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. Primary mesenchymal tumors of the pancreas are extremely uncommon. As a result, a diagnosis requires careful evaluation. Surgical resection is the main modality of treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no competing interests., (Copyright: © Ali et al.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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10. Does TNF-α 308 G/A (rs1800629) gene polymorphism associate with liver and pancreas disorders in Iraqi adults with beta thalassemia major?
- Author
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Luaibi HA and Mohammed BJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Case-Control Studies, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Iraq, Liver, Pancreas, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide genetics, beta-Thalassemia genetics, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha genetics
- Abstract
Background: TNF-α has been considered as the key regulator of inflammatory responses and is known to be participated in the pathogenesis of several diseases., Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the relationship of (rs1800629) gene polymorphism associated to liver and pancreas disorders in sample of β-thalassemia major adult Iraqi Patients., Material and Method: Blood samples were obtained from 40 patients suffered from beta thalassemia with pancreas disorder, along with 40 patient suffered from thalassemia with liver disorder, and 40 patient suffered from thalassemia without pancreas or liver, from Ibn Al-Baladi Hospital, Baghdad, and 40 samples from age and gender-matched apparently healthy individuals as control group, all subjects with age more than 18 years. TNF-308G/A (rs1800629) gene polymorphisms were assessed by Tetra- ARMS-PCR., Results: The result of showed that heterogeneous GA and homogeneous AA genotypes were higher, while GG wild genotype was lower in beta thalassemia major patients with liver and pancreas disorders compared to control group., Conclusion: It can be concluded that the prevalence of TNF-α 308 G/A SNP plus (A) allele could be associated with risk of liver and pancreas disorders in sample of beta thalassemia major adult.
- Published
- 2023
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11. Isolation, detection of virulence genes, antibiotic resistance genes, plasmid profile, and molecular typing among Vibrio parahaemolyticus isolated in Malaysian seawater from recreational beaches and fish.
- Author
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Faja OM, Sharad AA, Younis KM, Alwan MG, Mohammed BJ, and Ahmad A
- Abstract
Background and Aim: Despite the importance of the global emergence of Vibrio parahaemolyticus infections worldwide, there has been scanty information on its occurrence in Malaysian seawaters and fish. This study aimed to determine the occurrence of V. parahaemolyticus isolates using polymerase chain reaction targeted at toxin operon gene, thermostable direct hemolysin ( tdh ), and tdh -related hemolysin genes and to determine antibiotic resistance pattern, genes, and plasmid profile of V. parahaemolyticus from Malaysian seawaters and fish., Materials and Methods: Samples were collected from four recreational beaches in Malaysia (Port Klang; Bachok; Port Dickson; and Mersing). Thiosulfate-citrate-bile salts-sucrose (TCBS) agar and chromogenic Vibrio agar were used for isolation and identification. Colonies with yellow color on TCBS and green color on chromogenic vibrio (CV) agar were considered to be V. parahaemolyticus and they were subjected to biochemical tests. All V. parahaemolyticus isolates were further subjected to identification using seven specific gene markers., Results: Seventy-three Vibrio isolates were recovered. Only one gene thermostable direct hemolysin ( tdh ) from seawater isolates of Vibrio has high virulence gene percentage (95.23%). Two genes alkaline serine protease ( asp ) and ( tdh ) had high percentage of virulence (83.87% and 80.64%, respectively) from fish. Comparatively, fish isolates have a higher virulence percentage compared to seawater isolates. Only gene streptomycin resistance B ( strB ) from seawater had 100% of the resistance genes. All isolates were multi-antibiotic resistant. Seventeen antibiotic resistance patterns were observed. The isolates had plasmids of varying sizes ranging from 2.7 kb to 42.4 kb. Dendrogram based on antibiotic resistance patterns of V. parahaemolyticus isolates discriminated the isolates into three clusters., Conclusion: This study demonstrated the occurrence of pathogenic, multi-antibiotic-resistant V. parahaemolyticus strains in Malaysian coastal waters and fish, and this could constitute potential public health risks.
- Published
- 2019
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12. Untreated submandibular megalith for over 60 years.
- Author
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Ahmed KA, Alfadhel AK, and Mohammed BJ
- Subjects
- Aged, 80 and over, Diagnostic Errors, Head and Neck Neoplasms diagnosis, Humans, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Lipoma diagnosis, Male, Radiography, Panoramic, Sebaceous Gland Diseases diagnosis, Skin Diseases, Bacterial diagnosis, Time Factors, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Tooth Diseases diagnosis, Salivary Gland Calculi diagnostic imaging, Submandibular Gland Diseases diagnostic imaging
- Abstract
Intra-parenchymal sialolithiasis and subsequent fibrosis of the submandibular salivary glands is a rare disorder. The resulting swelling, pain, and infection derives affected patients to seek treatment. We present the case of an 85-years-old Saudi male patient who suffered from repeated swelling and infection in the left submandibular region which was misdiagnosed and treated for over 60 years as dental infection, infected skin sebaceous gland or lipoma. The presented case represents the largest intra-glandular submandibular stone with the longest duration ever reported in the medical literature.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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13. Near-Field Inductive-Coupling Link to Power a Three-Dimensional Millimeter-Size Antenna for Brain Implantable Medical Devices.
- Author
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Manoufali M, Bialkowski K, Mohammed BJ, Mills PC, and Abbosh A
- Subjects
- Animals, Computer Simulation, Electromagnetic Fields, Humans, Phantoms, Imaging, Prosthesis Design, Swine, Brain physiology, Head physiology, Models, Biological, Neural Prostheses, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted instrumentation
- Abstract
Objective: Near-field inductive-coupling link can establish a reliable power source to a batteryless implantable medical device based on Faraday's law of induction., Methods: In this paper, the design, modeling, and experimental verification of an inductive-coupling link between an off-body loop antenna and a 0.9 three-dimensional (3-D) bowtie brain implantable antenna is presented. To ensure reliability of the design, the implantable antenna is embedded in the cerebral spinal fluid of a realistic human head model. Exposure, temperature, and propagation simulations of the near electromagnetic fields in a frequency-dispersive head model were carried out to comply with the IEEE safety standards. Concertedly, a fabrication process for the implantable antenna is proposed, which can be extended to devise and miniaturize different 3-D geometric shapes., Results: The performance of the proposed inductive link was tested in a biological environment; in vitro measurements of the fabricated prototypes were carried in a pig's head and piglet. The measurements of the link gain demonstrated in the pig's head and in piglet., Significance: The in vitro measurement results showed that the proposed 3-D implantable antenna is suitable for integration with a miniaturized batteryless brain implantable medical device (BIMD).
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
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14. Streptococcus pneumoniae-induced inhibition of rat ependymal cilia is attenuated by antipneumolysin antibody.
- Author
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Hirst RA, Mohammed BJ, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, and O'Callaghan C
- Subjects
- Animals, Antibodies, Bacterial immunology, Antibodies, Bacterial pharmacology, Antibodies, Monoclonal immunology, Antibodies, Monoclonal pharmacology, Bacteriolysis drug effects, Bacteriolysis immunology, Penicillins pharmacology, Rats, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Cilia drug effects, Ependyma drug effects, Streptococcus pneumoniae pathogenicity, Streptolysins immunology
- Abstract
Ciliated ependymal cells line the ventricular surfaces and aqueducts of the brain. In ex vivo experiments, pneumolysin caused rapid inhibition of the ependymal ciliary beat frequency and caused ependymal cell disruption. Wild-type pneumococci and pneumococci deficient in pneumolysin caused ciliary slowing, but penicillin lysis of wild-type, not pneumolysin-deficient, pneumococci increased the extent of ciliary inhibition. This effect was abolished by antipneumolysin antibody. Ependymal ciliary stasis by purified pneumolysin was also blocked by the addition of antipneumolysin monoclonal antibodies. These data show that antibiotic lysis of Streptococcus pneumoniae can be detrimental to the ciliated ependyma and that antipneumolysin antibody may have a therapeutic potential.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
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15. The effect of the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin on brain ependymal cilia.
- Author
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Mohammed BJ, Mitchell TJ, Andrew PW, Hirst RA, and O'Callaghan C
- Subjects
- Animals, Bacterial Proteins, Cilia physiology, Cytotoxins genetics, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Ependyma ultrastructure, In Vitro Techniques, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Mutation, Rats, Rats, Wistar, Streptolysins genetics, Cilia drug effects, Cytotoxins toxicity, Ependyma drug effects, Streptolysins toxicity
- Abstract
Densely ciliated ependymal cells cover the ventricular surface of the brain and cerebral aqueducts separating cerebrospinal fluid, which is infected in meningitis, from neuronal tissue. We have established an ex vivo model that allows measurement of ependymal ciliary beat frequency, using high-speed video analysis, during incubation with bacterial toxins. Ciliated ependyma, from Wistar rats, was exposed to the pneumococcal toxin, pneumolysin, and a mutant form with markedly reduced cytotoxic activity (;0.1%). Wild-type pneumolysin (1500 HU/ml and 150 HU/ml: 10 and 1 microg/ml) caused rapid ciliary stasis (30-150 s), sloughing of cilia and cytoplasmic extrusion. Ciliary slowing before stasis was seen at 15 HU/ml (0.1 microg/ml); however, no effect on ciliary beat frequency was seen at lower concentrations (1.5 HU/ml and 0.15 HU/ml: 0.01 and 0.001 microg/ml). Mutant pneumolysin, 99.9% deficient in haemolytic activity, caused rapid ciliary stasis at 10 microg/ml but no effect was seen at lower concentrations (1-0.1 microg/ml). Pneumolysin, at levels which may be produced during severe pneumococcal meningitis, may cause rapid ependymal ciliary stasis., (Copyright 1999 Academic Press.)
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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