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Cadmium (Cd) is often associated with reproductive disorders of mammals. Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is a natural food product made of swiftlet's salivary secretion used to make their nests and it has been consumed as a tonic food for decades. This research aimed to study the protective effects of EBN against Cd-induced uterine toxicity in Sprague Dawley rats. Thirty (30) female Sprague Dawley rats were assigned into five groups as follows: group 1- negative control (NC) received distilled water; group 2 - positive control (PC) administered with CdCl2, 5 mg/kg BW; while groups EBN-1, EBN-2, and EBN-3 received CdCl2 (5 mg/kg BW) plus graded concentrations of 60, 90 and 120 mg/kg BW of EBN, respectively. After four weeks of daily oral treatment, rats were euthanized to collect the uterus for evluations of histopathological changes, Cd concentrations and Metallothionein (MT) expressions using H&E stain, inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Blood samples were collected for superoxide dismutase (SOD) analysis using SOD assay kit. Results revealed that the CdCl2 without EBN supplement (PC) group had elevated levels of Cd in the uterus along with increased MT expressions and decreased SOD enzyme activity as compared to the NC group. Moreover, uterine histopathological changes, including glandular cysts and loss of normal structure of luminal epithelium (LE) and glandular epithelium (GE) were found in the PC group. Interestingly, groups treated with CdCl2 along with EBN (EBN1, EBN2, EBN3) showed lower levels of uterine tissue Cd deposition and MT expression, lower degenerative changes with normal histomorphology of glands, and increased SOD activity as compared to the PC group. Overall, the findings revealed that oral exposure to Cd at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW resulted in significant alterations in the rat's uterus. However, the toxicity effect was averted by EBN treatment in a dose dependant manner; highest protection achieved with EBN 120 mg/kg BW, through a possible detoxification mechanism and prevention of Cd deposition.

Indigenous Kedah-Kelantan (KK) cattle are well adapted with distinguished reproductive capabilities; they account for more than 70% of the domestic beef production in Malaysia. The published literature on the phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of KK cattle are sparse and require further improvement. Therefore, this study was aimed to determine the phenotypic and morphometric characteristics of Malaysian KK cattle and method of estimating live body weight (BW).Morphometric and phenotypic measurements were taken from 184 KK cattle (102 males and 82 females) sourced from three regions. Each animal's color pattern was recorded for their coat, muzzle, face, eyelashes, horns, tail switch, hoof, and legs through visual observation. Length measurements were taken of the body, face, ear, horn, tail, and rump. Several morphological features such as length, width, and girth were measured using a measuring tape, while wither height and hip height were assessed with a measuring scale.Brown is the predominant coat color in KK cattle (82%). The overall means of head length, face width (FW), ear length, horn length, wither height, heart girth (HG), body length (BL), and rump length were 42.5±4.5, 17.3±2.9, 19.8±3.1, 9.9±4.4, 104.3±7.1, 127.4±13.2, 98.3±12.3, and 32.4±4.1 cm, respectively. Different morphometric parameters of length, width, and circumference were significantly ( p0.01) larger in males than females, except for tail length and TG. Correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis clearly revealed that BL is the best parameter for estimating live BW in KK cattle.Phenotypic and morphometric measurements in this study showed that Malaysian KK cattle generally possess a brown coat pattern with smaller body size, while BL revealed to be the best parameter to predict BW. The data generated from this study would be useful as baseline data for the identification and selection of KK cattle based on their phenotypical- and morphological-features for further improvement of this breed.

Repeat breeding reduces calf and milk production in crossbred cows. Serum lipid profiles in repeat breeding (RB) and normal cyclic (NC) cows were examined. Blood samples from 10 of each type cows were collected and TC, TG, HDL and LDL were estimated by spectrophotometer using enzymatic commercial kit. The serum TC in NC and RB were found within normal range (167.43 vs. 174.95mg/dl) (P>0.05). The TG in RB cows (121.92mg/dl) were significantly (P0.05). Serum lipids have no effect on repeat breeding problem for crossbred cows. Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2019, 5(2): 158-161

Repeat breeding (RP) is a one of the most significant problem in dairy cattle because it increased production cost of insemination, treatment, feed, labor and management and also increased calving interval with decreased milk production. This study was conducted at the different Bathan areas of Shahjadpur Upazila under Sirajgonj district. The total of 30 repeat breeder cows was selected randomly to determine their reproductive hormonal profile before and after synchronization at the selected areas and repeat breeder cows were marked by ear tag and collected breeding history of each individual cow. All experimental RP were synchronized by the administration of GnRH (day- 0), PGF2α (day-7) and Artificial Insemination (AI) with GnRH (day-9). Blood samples were collected before and after synchronization during standing heat period of estrous cycle of each cow. The total experiment was done and analyzed in the laboratory by using endocrine detection kits (Mono LelacR USA). This present study revealed that the level of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), progesterone (P4) were significantly differed between repeat breeder cows and synchronized repeat breeder cows. These findings clearly indicated that reproductive hormonal aberrations might be one of the major causes of repeat breeding in Baghabari milk shed areas. Asian Australas. J. Biosci. Biotechnol. 2018, 3 (3), 237-240

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Kedah-Kelantan (KK) cattle plays a significant role for beef industry in Malaysia. KK cattle is a well-adapted local breed reared by traditional farming system with low quality feeds. KK cows normally produce a calf per year, which attracts farmers for commercial production. Currently, KK cattle is playing an important role for profitable beef production in Malaysia since the imported exotic breeds, crossbreds, and synthetic breeds of cattle could not perform to their full potential for sustainability of the livestock industry in the country. Consequently, nowadays, importance of the unique Malaysian beef breed (KK) has been increasing gradually in consideration to the changing climatic situation and adaptibility. Meanwhile, it is required to know the productive and reproductive performance of KK cattle for a further long term sustainable breeding program. As such reviewing growth performance, age at puberty and maturity, semen quality, scrotal biometry, libido efficiency, conception rate, service per conception, and calving interval are fundamental. There exist limited systemic studies and in-depth reviews based on these key reproductive, growth characteristics, and indexes for KK cattle. Therefore, reproductive key parameters of KK cattle were reviewed with the aim of understanding the challenges on the production of KK cattle and to suggest possible strategies to alleviate those challenges.

The objective of this study was to clarify the inside of socio-economic condition and cattle production scenario in few areas of Pabna district. Data of socio-economic condition of farmers, cattle population, genotype and overall management were collected from three villages at Bera upazila of Pabna district during August to September in 2017. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed following one-way ANOVA including descriptive statistics. It was observed that the age of farmers were average 42 years with 19 years of average farming experiences. Agriculture was found as primary occupation (47.37%) followed by house wife (15.79%) and animal husbandry (10.53%). Among the total livestock population, 52% (n=286) was cattle with different genotypes but the frequency of local Pabna cattle was highest (70%). About 79% cattle were reared intensively at home because the areas were surrounded by water. The average peak day milk yield (4.56 liters) of local Pabna cattle was significantly (p

The study was aimed to reveal the morphological features of local Pabna cattle at Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI), Regional Station, Sirajganj and community levels. Data of various morphological features were collected from total 24 cattle from on-station and 8 cattle from community. It was observed that most of the morphological features were not varied between the studied cattle populations except body length, height at wither, pelvic length, tail dock circumference and mouth circumference (p

A comparative agronomical trial was conducted to know the effect of two different soil types on growth and production performance of BLRI Napier-4 fodder production at BLRI regional station, Baghabari, Shahzadpur, Sirajganj. Soil components are the determinant factors for growing any crops or fodders. Soil samples from sandy soil and normal soil (loamy) were analazed for soil pH, nitrogen, organic matter, salinity, Ca, K, S, Zn, Pb, Co, Mg, Fe etc. at the Central Laboratory of Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Dhaka. Data were recorded on plant height, stem length, leaf length, number of leaf per stem, number of till per hill, yield per hill and total biomass yield per plot. Plant height, stem length and leaf length produced in normal soil were significantly higher (p0.05) between two cuttings. It can be concluded from the present findings that BLRI Napier-4 cultivar may be produced in the sandy soil.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2017, 3(2): 182-185

The present study was designed with a view to study the effects of enrofloxacin antibiotic on ISA brown layer performance. A total of 1,80,000 laying hens (ISA brown) received and supplied enrofloxacin antibiotic in the dose of 0 mg, 10mg and 20 mg/kg BW with normal diet. Each layer was fed 120 g feed/day from 42 to 48 weeks of age. Antibiotic made significant differences in egg production (p

This study aimed to investigate relationships between near-home street patterns and children’s time spent outdoors (TSO). Participants were 60 (n = 60) school-age Dhaka children, 7–11 years old (16 girls and 44 boys) selected by a two-phase cluster sampling method. Data were collected from September 2010 to June 2011 by visiting each of 60 children’s homes. Children’s mean TSOs (in minutes) were reported by parents’ face-to-face interviews, and near-home street pattern data were collected by systematic direct observations. The researchers also collected data on seven socio-demographic variables and three neighborhood built-environment variables. A backward selection based multiple linear regression was used to examine association between Children’s TSO and near-home street patterns. Results (adjusted R2 = 0.66 for weekdays and 0.68 for weekend) suggested that children’s TSO were significantly associated with near-home street type: dead-end instead of through streets (28 minutes on weekdays, p < .01 and 66 minutes on weekend, p < .01). The width of the street, level of its branching and availability of an open space or playground near the house are also positively associated with TSO. Near-home street features significantly contribute to TSO in school-going children of Dhaka.

The research was conducted at Bangladesh Agricultural University Poultry Farm, Mymensingh to evaluate the effect of different levels and sources of calcium on egg production and egg shell quality of Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) up to 23 weeks of age. For that purpose a total number of 108 Japanese quails aged 20 week were fed on diets containing different levels (2.5%, 2.75% and 3.0%) of dietary calcium from different sources eg. Oyster shell, limestone and Calcium premix. They were placed in the experimental cages. Six birds were considered for a replication of each treatment. The birds were reared in clean laying cages an open sided house. The experimental quails were exposed to identical care and management throughout the experimental period. Feed and water were offered ad libitum. Eggs were collected twice daily at morning and evening. The number of eggs laid by birds in each replication was recorded daily. The external quality of collected eggs were measured weekly from each treatment and level randomly. No significant difference (p>0.05) in egg weight, shell weight, shell percentage, except egg production and shell thickness was noted due to variation of different levels and calcium sources. But as the birds were getting older calcium premix produced better shell quality than oyster shell and limestone. It was concluded that any of these calcium sources can be considered for laying Japanese quail but calcium premix produces better shell quality at later age. This result also suggested that a level of 2.5% calcium increases egg weight and shell thickness, while 2.75% increases body weight and shell weight and 3% increases egg production and shell percentage.