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This research paper explores the integration of AlexNet-guided femtosecond laser processing (GFLP) techniques in optical materials and devices to achieve significant advancements in nanofabrication. The combination of deep learning, specifically utilizing the AlexNet architecture, and ultrafast laser processing offers a novel approach for precise and efficient manipulation of materials at the nanoscale. The paper presents a comprehensive investigation of the synergistic effects of deep learning and femtosecond laser processing on various optical materials, highlighting their potential for creating intricate nanostructures and improving device performance. Experimental results demonstrate the enhanced precision, speed, and versatility of this approach compared to traditional methods. Moreover, the study sheds light on the underlying mechanisms governing the interaction between laser pulses and materials, providing valuable insights for further optimization and applications in emerging fields such as photonics, optoelectronics, and quantum technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polymer matrix composites have been featured with natural fiber and offered superior tribomechanical properties compared to synthetic fiber-made polymer composites. During the composite fabrication with continuous and untreated natural fiber, problems with poor adhesive, incompatibility, and de-bond from the matrix result in reduced tribomechnical properties. This study focuses on the tribology properties enhancement of polyester resin composite made with 4, 8, 12, and 16 mm pineapple leaf fiber (chemically treated) by hand layup technique assisted with compression load. The influences of fiber length on hardness, wear rate, and the coefficient of friction of developed composites are studied. The composite containing 16 mm fiber length facilitates a maximum hardness of 77.8±0.6 HV with an increased wear resistance of 0.0065 mm3/Nm at 10 N and a higher coefficient of friction of 0.73 at 20 N at 1 m/s. The wear debris surface was analyzed via SEM approach. The best sample used for automotive seat frame application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, scarcity arises in almost all our basic needs, including water, fuel, and food. Recycling used and scrapped things for a valuable commodity is highly appreciable for compensating for the globally fast-growing demand. This paper aims to investigate waste tyre oil for preparing biodiesel for CI engines by enhancing their performance with hybrid nanoparticles for preparing nanofuel and hybrid nanofuel. The nanoparticles (30–40 nm) of MWCNT and TiO2 were utilized to prepare nanofuels with nanoparticle concentrations of MWCNT (300 ppm) and TiO2 (300 ppm), respectively. In the case of hybrid nanofuel, the nanoparticle concentration of MWCNT (150 ppm) and TiO2 (150 ppm) was preferred. The performance of the proposed nanofuel and hybrid nanofuel with pure diesel was evaluated. The proposed fuel performance outperforms the combustion performance, has higher engine efficiency, and has fewer emissions. The best performances were noticed in hybrid nanofuel that has 32% higher brake thermal efficiency than diesel and 24% and 4% lower BSFC and peak pressure than diesel, respectively. The emission performance is also 29%, 50%, and 13% lower in CO, HC, and CO2 emissions than that in pure diesel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this work is to find the influence of fiber content, stacking pattern, and their sequence on the mechanical properties of hybrid composites. Hybrid composites in four varieties with five laminae containing different stacking sequences of jute/madar/glass fibers were fabricated using hand-layup technique with glass fiber woven mats as their skin layers that just enclose bio-fibers oriented horizontally. The stacking sequences were GJMJG, GMJMG, GJGJG and GMGMG where G, J, and M represents glass fiber mats, jute, and madar fibers, respectively. The fibers in the core layer were oriented perpendicular to the enclosing adjacent plies and they may be jute/madar fibers depending on the stacking sequence. Load Vs deflection curves show that stress and strain were linear and all the samples fail abruptly except the sample that contains high proportion of madar fibers. Jute fiber layers imparted more strength and energy-absorbing capacity, whilst madar fiber layers imparted more strain and toughness to the composites. Studies showed that intercalation of glass fiber mats as the core and skin layers exhibited a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the composites than other samples. The morphology of the fractured samples exhibited compatibility between matrix and reinforcements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural fibers are an increasing potential alternative to synthetic fibers in recent research, due to their unique properties and weight ratio in composite materials. In this work, the banyan mat and ramie mat are used as reinforcement phase and the epoxy polymer is used as matrix material, and granite nanoparticles are used as filler for making composite laminates. The two phases of reinforcing and matrix were taken at an equal ratio of 50% in each, and the conventional hand layup process was fabricated making five different sequences of laminates. In this analysis, the dynamical mechanical properties of this hybrid composite are identified with the erratic weight ratio of banyan mat and ramie mat fabrics. The results revealed the maximum storage modulus is 1580 MPa at 93.8°C and a loss modulus of 298 MPa at 93.8°C in sample A, 12% more storage modulus, 17% more loss modulus was obtained in sample A compared to sample B, and 29% E ′ and 27% E ″ more compared to sample E and also using storage modulus, loss modulus, damping factor are the viscoelastic behavior which can reveal the glass transition temperature of hybrid composite laminates by conducting dynamic mechanical analysis, and SEM test was used to identify the failure mode of hybrid composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, copper (Cu) matrix composite reinforced with titanium carbide (TiC) was fabricated by powder metallurgy (PM) method with the varying TiC content from 0% to 12% by weight in the step of 4%. The required weight percentage of powders was milled in an indigenously developed ball milling setup. Green compacts were made using a computer-controlled hydraulic press (400 kN) and sintered in a muffle furnace at a temperature of 950°C. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze the distribution of TiC particles in Cu matrix in as-sintered conditions. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis resulted in the existence of respective phases in the produced composites. The structural characteristics such as stress, strain, dislocation density, and grain size of the milled composites were evaluated. Cold upsetting was conducted for the sintered composites at room temperature to evaluate the axial (σz), hoop (σө), hydrostatic (σm), and effective (σeff) true stresses. These stresses were analyzed against true axial strain (εz). Results showed that the increase in the inclusion of weight percentage of TiC into the Cu matrix increases density, hardness, (σz), (σө), (σm), (σeff), and stress ratio parameters such as (σz/σeff), (σθ/σeff), (σm/σeff), and (σz/σθ) of the composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium alloy strengthened with the ceramic particle is widely utilized for numerous engineering usages owing to its less weight, and superior mechanical and tribological behavior. The purpose of this research is to manufacture AA6063-Nano AlN composites via stir casting (SC) process and to examine the mechanical, tribological, electrical, and thermal and CNC drilling behavior. Nano AlN was mixed with AA6063 at 4, 8, and 12 wt.%. The occurrence and dispersal of Nano AlN particles in AA6063 matrix were inspected via Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The density and porosity were explored. The mechanical studies on microhardness, tensile strength and yield strength, flexural strength, and compressive strength have been done. SEM fractographic examination was made on the tensile fracture samples. The thermal conductivity, electrical resistivity and electrical conductivity, and salt spray corrosion analysis were made on the produced composites. The tribological behavior of the composites was studied using numerous parameters, reinforcement wt.%, load (L), sliding velocity (SV), and sliding distance (SD). The worn surface examination was done via SEM. The CNC drilling behavior was done at different parameter speed (S), feed (F), and depth of cut (DOC). Experiments were carried out according to the L9 orthogonal array (OA). Optimal process parameter to attain higher material removal rate (MRR) and least surface roughness (SR) was identified via Grey Relational Analysis (GRA). ANOVA outcomes revealed that feed rate is the foremost noteworthy parameter (45.89%) influencing MRR and SR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum alloys with silicon, magnesium, and copper were extensively used alloying elements in various applications because of their excellent properties. In recent decades, aluminum matrix composites (AMCs) are an advanced engineering material widely utilized in diverse engineering applications, including aircraft, automobile, marine, and shipbuilding, owing to their low density, lightweight, good stiffness, superior strength, and good tribological properties. Aluminum is abundant and its use is as vast as the ocean. It is also the most used matrix material in the composite arena. Therefore, incorporating a ceramic particle into a relatively soft aluminum matrix improves hardness, strength, stiffness, creep, fatigue, and wear properties instead of the conventional materials. This article is an assay to review and spotlight some recent works on the mechanical behaviors of aluminum-based titanium diboride reinforced metal matrix composite. This review article concentrates on the mechanical properties and the fabrication processes of Al-TiB2 composites to provide a valuable reference to nurture future research precisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation focuses on facile two-step synthesis approach fabrication of tin sulfide (SnS2)/ nickel ferrite (NiFe2O4) nanocomposites (NCs) for the first time. The crystallinity and phase purity of the prepared material was investigated in powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) studies. The presence of functional groups (stretching and bending vibration) was primarily determined by the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis. As well as, optical behavior of the synthesized samples was determined in UV–Vis absorption spectroscopic studies, and the presence of surface defects was established by PL spectroscopic studies. From the FESEM analysis, sponge-like structure was attained and Ni, Fe, Sn, S and O elemental component was determined by the EDAX spectrum analysis. The as-prepared SnS2/NiFe2O4 NCs exhibit superior photocatalytic performance and high stability toward the reduction of methylene blue (MB) and rhodamine B (RhB) dyes under irradiation of direct sunlight. The synthesized nanocomposites showed an efficient photocatalytic activity with a high reaction kinetic rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Al7075 is employed as the matrix material and sugarcane bagasse ash (SBA) is a reinforcing material in this work, which is targeted at creating lightweight metal matrix composites (MMCs) at a reasonable cost. Hybridized improved composite castings have been produced and industrial as per ASTM standards with changing wt.% of 0%, 4%, 8%, 12%, and 16% wt.%, correspondingly, after mechanical testing for the evaluation of their strength. It is tested for hardness, tensile, impact, and flexural strength. Composites with hybrid enhanced metal matrix have greater tensile, hardness, and flexural strengths than single-reinforced MMCs. The composite’s tensile and flexural strengths were boosted by a 12wt.% increase in bagasse ash, which resulted in maximum values of 96.42% tensile and 23.58% flexural strength, respectively. As the bagasse weight percentage grew over 12%, these values fell, although Bagasse ash AA7075’s impact and ductility improved slightly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this present research study is to evaluate the mechanical characterization of composite materials, which were synthesized by a stir casting technique. AA6082 is chosen as matrix material and egg shell ash (ESA) particles as reinforcement. The base alloy and proposed composite specimens were subjected to hardness, tensile and wear test. Metallurgical characterization and worn surface of parent material and synthesized material were investigated by a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Mechanical properties like micro-hardness (HV) and ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the developed composite materials were improved after the addition of reinforcement content. The microstructural changes in composites before and after inclusion of reinforcement is detailed in this article. Tribological behaviour of the composites was investigated by pin-on-disc machine. The test results exhibited that the AA6082-8wt% ESA AMCs have better tribological behaviour, when compared to the base aluminium matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, the interest in using the aluminium matrix composites (AMCs) has enriched owing to its potential for replacing the traditional conventional materials in numerous industrial applications. In the present article, review on various types of novel state casting processes such as compo-casting, stir casting and in-situ casting methods. The AMCs are mostly prepared in three types of casting processes like liquid state casting, solid state casting and semi-solid state casting. Conventional castings processes are more complicated, inflexible and it is not suitable for mass production and defect free production. Therefore the researchers start using the novel liquid state casting process. In particular, this paper reveals the mechanical and tribological properties of AMCs prepared in compo-casting, stir casting and insitu casting technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• BTE increases by 15% for D80B20 blend compared to B100 fuel. • Smoke intensity reduces by 29.5% for D80B20 compared to D100. • UHC emissions reduces by 34.15% for B100 compared to D100. • NOx emission increases by 3.65% for D80B20 compared to D100. • D60B20E20 usage will reduce the 40% of the diesel need. HRR and Peak Pressure increases for D60B20E20 fuel blends. Plant-based oils have the most important role in the biodiesel research in engines used for different applications like automobiles, marines, fishing boats, power generators and others. Thisstudy deals with the non-edible plant-based oil of Azadirachta indica, (locally knows as neem), ethanol and diesel fuels for the IC engine. There are three blending D80B20 (80% of diesel and 20% of bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil), B80E20 (80% of diesel and 20% of ethanol) and D60B20E20 (60% of diesel, 20% of bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil & 20% ethanol) were created for the comparison with 100 % of diesel and 100% of Bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil. The brake thermal efficiency (BTE) and emissions such as smoke, carbon-monoxide (CO), hydrocarbons (HC) and nitrogen oxides (NOx) of exhaust also examined for the comparison. All the values gained by the experiments were clearly compared and the corresponding variations in percentage with diesel fuel are spotlighted. The proposed fuels D80B20, D60B20E20, and B80E20 exhibits 8.49%, 4.25% and 3.02% higher BTE than pure diesel. B80E20 have the very less CO and smoke index, D80B20 yielded much higher BTE and the low HC when compared with other individual and blend fuels for this investigation. Bio-fuel of Azadirachta indica oil and ethanol combination also exhibited appreciable performance not only in BTE but also in reduction of exhaust emissions Like HC, CO and Smoke intensity than conventional diesel fuel. Hence these blends of biodiesel are recommended using as alternate fuel in IC engine for the engine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the public does not avoid the use of RF/microwave communication and non-communication devices, which means they will be constantly exposed to radiation from those devices, which will worsen their health in the long term, as well as there will be interference and coupling effects between devices. In this paper, a novel and high-performance absorber material is created and analyzed. The microscopic and macroscopic properties of Gadolinium Manganite (GdMnO 3), Molybdenum Diselenide (MoSe 2), and three mixtures of GdMnO 3 -MoSe 2 (GdMo) with 20, 30, and 40% filler loading were investigated. The procedure for producing the five materials was explained and described in detail. The mixture of GdMo with 20, 30, and 40 wt% filler loading has the features of GdMnO 3 and MoSe 2. For macroscopic analysis, the measured relative complex permittivity and permeability of the five synthesized materials are modeled using the Lorentz dispersion model. Among the five study materials, GdMo with 40 wt% filler loading shows the highest electric and magnetic losses with loss tangent, tan δ e ≈ 0.228 and tan δ m ≈ 0.38 where the absorption performance is better compared to its pristine components, namely GdMnO 3 and MoSe 2. Based on the transmission theory of metal plate backing materials, the GdMo with 40 wt% filler loading and thicknesses ranging from 0.0014 m to 0.0021 m, which is terminated by a metal plate on the back side, exhibited the optimum microwave absorption performance with a minimum reflection loss value better than −20 dB at X-band operating frequency. Without a metal backing, a 0.008 m thickness of GdMo with 40 wt% can achieve reflection loss, RL of −10 dB from 9.2 GHz to 12.4 GHz, and RL of −20 dB from 11.1 GHz to 12.4 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High entropy alloys Ni–Co–Cr–Fe–Mn–Cux (x denotes the atomic fraction of copper) were synthesized by powder metallurgy route. In this investigation, different Cu content was added (x = 2 at.%, 4 at.% and 6 at.%) in the Ni–Co–Cr–Fe–Mn. The compacted specimens were subjected to two different sintering temperatures such as 1200° and 1300 °C, and further, alloys were subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy test. The sintered specimens were also subjected to compression test, hardness test and corrosion test. The densification behavior of sintered specimens was also investigated. Ni5.26–Co5.23–Cr5.94–Fe5.53–Mn5.26–Cu (4 at.% Cu) alloy sintered at 1300 °C exhibited high compression strength, high corrosion resistance and high hardness. SEM shows the formation of dendrites and electron dispersive spectroscopy analysis confirms the presence of Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Mn and Cu throughout the matrix. Potentiodynamic investigations pointed out that corrosion resistance for Ni3.39–Co3.37–Cr3.83–Fe3.56–Mn3.62–Cu alloy (6 at.% Cu) sintered at 1300 °C is highest with corrosion rate of 0.22 Mils per year (mpy). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work was to explore the prospects of producing pulp and paper from leftover lignocellulosic fibers. In this study discarded Cocos nucifera fibers were collected from an abandoned site and were washed thoroughly. FTIR analysis, chemical composition and fiber morphology studies were conducted. FTIR showed the presence of holocellulose and lignin in the fibers. Chemical analysis showed the holocellulose content as 37.8 wt%. Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen diameter and cell wall thickness were observed using microscope and derived fiber indices that determine the possibility of producing paper were evaluated. The derived indices such as Runkel index, slenderness ratio, co-efficient of rigidity, flexibility coefficient, Luce’s shape factor and Solids factor of the fibers were evaluated as 67.9%, 44.11, 58.83%, 0.199, 0.49 and 278.53x10³ respectively. All these indices are in good agreement with fibers recommended and used for pulp and paper production. High lignin content present in the fibers is a limitation and it can be removed through appropriate delignification techniques. Thus the study showed that discarded fibers can be used for producing pulp, paper and allied products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work mainly focuses on increasing the mechanical strength and improving the corrosion resistance of an aluminum alloy hybrid matrix. The composites are prepared by the stir casting procedure. For this work, aluminum alloy 8079 is considered as a base material and titanium nitride and zirconium dioxide are utilized as reinforcement particles. Mechanical tests, such as the ultimate tensile strength, wear, salt spray corrosion test and microhardness test, are conducted effectively in the fabricated AA8079/TiN + ZrO2 composites. L9 OA statistical analysis is executed to optimize the process parameters of the mechanical and corrosion tests. ANOVA analysis defines the contribution and influence of each parameter. In the tensile and wear test, parameters are chosen as % of reinforcement (3%, 6% and 9%), stirring speed (500, 550 and 600 rpm) and stirring time (20, 25 and 30 min). Similarly, in the salt spray test and microhardness test, the selected parameters are: percentage of reinforcement (3%, 6% and 9%), pH value (3, 6 and 9), and hang time (24, 48 and 72 h). The percentage of reinforcement highly influenced the wear and microhardness test, while the stirring time parameter extremely influenced the ultimate tensile strength. From the corrosion test, the hang time influences the corrosion rate. The SEM analysis highly reveals the bonding of each reinforcement particle to the base material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research affair to synthesize the magnesium alloy (AZ91) hybrid nanocomposites with 0.5wt% titanium dioxide (TiO2) and 2.5, 5, and 7.5wt% of silicon carbide (SiC) nanoparticles through a semisolid stir cast route under argon (inert) nature and its particle distribution enhanced with uniform stir speed of 400rpm as well as the casting defects reduced by using nature of inert. The excellence of semisolid stir processing with SiC exposure on AZ91/TiO2 composite is analyzed with physical, surface morphological and mechanical exploits. Compared to aluminium-based composites, this composite weight is less, with an acceptable level of voids (less than 1.5%). An effort of processing, the microstructure proved their SiC and TiO2 appearance as uniform. The AZ91/0.5wt%TiO2/7.5wt% SiC exploited maximum hardness of (84±0.8HV), impact toughness of (16.3±0.3J/mm2), and excellent strength (251±5MPa) with reduced elongation percentages of (4.5%). This optimum property sample will be planned for automotive roof frame applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energy consumption in buildings is a major contributor to India's greenhouse gas emissions, accounting for a significant portion of the country's environmental impact. Consequently, there is a crucial need to prioritize energy-efficient heating, ventilation, and air conditioning technologies supported by solar thermal collectors to minimize the environmental consequences associated with building energy consumption. In this investigation, a flat-plate collector thermal performance is enhanced by the adaptations of 0.1 volume percentage concentrations of aluminum oxide (Al2O3), nickel (Ni), and combinations of Al2O3–Ni nanoparticles dispersed in water as hybrid nanofluid at 0.028, 0.041, 0.055, and 0.068 kgs−1 flow rates. Influences of nanofluid and flow rate conditions on thermal and exergy efficiency, heat transfer coefficient, entropy generation, and coefficient of performance of FPC are experimentally analyzed and spot that the hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3/Ni/water) own higher thermal and exergy efficiency of 72.8% and 22.9%, better heat transfer coefficient of 133.2 Wm−2 K−1, and high COP of 7.9 under high flow rate. These output results are higher than those of the water-fluid-operated FPC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological growth and biodegradable waste natural fibers are significant choices in polymer matrix composite preparation because of their distinct qualities from monopoly matrix. During the fabrication process, the natural fiber faces poor compatibility and lack of adhesive behavior, resulting in reduced tensile strength and stiffness of the composite. The theme of the research is expanding the mechanical behavior of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) composite by the exposure of sodium hydroxide‐treated coir fiber (CF) and barium titanate (BaTiO3) through an injection molding route. Influences of CF and BaTiO3 on metallographic, tensile, flexural, and impact strength and microhardness of LDPE composite are evaluated, and its outcomes are compared with mono LDPE. The surface morphology of the developed composite is exposed to homogenous dispersion of BaTiO3 with effective adhesive bonding with CF, which facilitates superior mechanical properties. The LDPE hybrid composite consists of 30 wt% CF and 2.5 wt% of BaTiO3 and is exploited about 69 ± 1.5 MPa of tensile strength, 54 ± 0.5 MPa of flexural strength, 4.9 ± 0.01 J of impact energy, and 31 ± 1.5HV of microhardness, this is greater than the mono LDPE (unreinforced). The enriched LDPE hybrid composite is suggested for automotive dashboard applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the key benefits of low specific weight, superior toughness, lower moisture absorption, recyclability, and economic concerns, natural fiber-embedded polypropylene composites are the trend for auto bumpers and panel applications during the processing of natural fiber with poly matrix facing the consequences of limited composite performance due to inherent adhesive quality. The aim of the present study is synthesizing polypropylene (PP) composite embedded with high-concentration sodium hydroxide (10% NaOH) processed hemp fiber via compression moulding and its specific behaviour featuring the adaptations of 5wt% Mullite (Al4Si4O10) ceramic particles. Finally, the synthesized polypropylene composite is accomplished with 5, 10, 15, and 20wt% of chemically processed hemp fiber featured by constant wt% of Al4Si4O10. For understanding composite structure, the synthesized composites are involved in phase identification analysis via X-ray diffraction route, and their physical behaviour, including tensile, impact, & flexural strength and thermal behaviour, is evaluated by The American Society for Testing and Materials policy. XRD analysis confirms NaOH-treated HF/Al4Si4O10 presence in the PP matrix. The PP/20wt% NaOH-treated hemp fiber/5wt% Al4Si4O10 has excellent tensile (46 ± 1.2 MPa), impact (15 ± 0.5 kJ/m2) & flexural strength (67 ± 1.5 MPa), and better thermal stability with 15% of reduced thermal loss, This is a significant improvement compared to unreinforced PP. The optimum behaviour of PP/20wt% NaOH-treated hemp fiber/5wt% Al4Si4O10 recommended for automotive applications (seat frame and top roof). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the unique class, the reinforcements play a precious role during the composite fabrication, expanding the specific properties. The novel research intensively enhances the micro-structural and mechanical behaviour of magnesium alloy (AZ63/3 wt% boron nitride) nanocomposite featured 2, 4, and 6 wt% of nano-size silicon carbide (SiC) particles via liquid state vacuum stir cast route. The exposure of SiC and BN on composite density, voids contribution, changes in AZ91D microstructure, impact toughness, hardness, and stress-strain individuality of AZ63 alloy nanocomposite is evaluated with ASTM policy. The composite composed with 3 wt% BN and 6 wt% SiC proved their identity. It showed the lower contribution of voids-free homogenous dispersion particle results in a maximum impact strength of 14.7J/mm2, hardness of 74HV, and superb tensile strength of 247MPa. This optimum behaviour will be recommended for automotive roof frame applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of n-butanol, a next-generation biofuel, with watermelon methyl ester in a constant-speed diesel engine was analyzed. Methyl ester from watermelon seed oil is considered to be a promising alternative source to the standard diesel due to similar characterization. The n-butanol additive was added in small proportions as an oxygenated fuel for reducing emissions, improving thermal efficiency, and accelerating the combustion process. N-Butanol is blended with watermelon methyl ester in the form of emulsions in two different proportions (5% and 10% volume basis). Experiments were conducted with three different emulsions fuels, WME20, W20Bu5D75, and W20Bu10D70, and compared vis-à-vis standard diesel. Investigations revealed that the addition of n-butanol as an enhancer with WME20 improved characteristics owing to its inherent nature of oxygen content. The blending of WME with n-butanol improves brake thermal efficiency when compared to WME20 and slightly matches with standard diesel. The max BTE was recorded 32.79% for WME20Bu10D70 at the crest load. The peak BSFC was 0.26 kg/kWh for W20Bu10D70 at the crest load. The emissions such as CO, smoke opacity, and HC were significantly reduced, vis-à-vis diesel, and the oxides of nitrogen (NOX) and carbon dioxide (CO2) were decreased, relative to WME20. The maximum EGT was 354.98°C for W20Bu10D70 at the crest load. The peak CO emissions were 0.078% for W20Bu5D75 at the crest load. The blending of n-butanol with WME20 reduces the ignition delay while the combustion duration increases with an increase at full load conditions. The emulsion fuels tested in an unmodified engine did no negative impact on the engine stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The nanoparticles are incorporated into the composite to mark their unique properties. This work investigates the hybrid epoxy nanocomposite and the impact of nanographite reinforcement. The composite was prepared by using a mechanical stirring technique. The amount of nanographite was added in different volumes, i.e., 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 wt.%. Results of mechanical and dynamic loading properties were analyzed in accordance to the quantity of nano-G. The fiber and matrix interfacial bonding enrichments were evident in high-resolution SEM images-tensile fracture surface. Finally, the optimum content of nanoparticle which impacts the sample greatly was found to be 1.5 wt.%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instead of using temperature via an outside source, using energy created inside is the most effective method to improve the efficiency of catalysis. In this research, a novel hollowed TiO 2 photothermal nano catalyst (referred to as RuO 2 /TiO 2 /Pt/Carbon) for enzymatic production of hydrogen under ultraviolet irradiation is used. It resembles a hedgehog and contains regionally dispersed Pta and RuO2 double co-catalysts. The ultraviolet (UV) thermos kinetic efficacy of the converters that were made was evaluated according to architectural characteristics and the heat influence of the carbon-based surface. There are several inherent benefits for photocatalysis with heterogeneity exist in multi-layered hollowed hetero structures having extremely thin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheet subunits of the including improved sunlight gathering, accelerated separation of charged particles and disposal, and accelerated interface oxidation reactions. The sandwich-like nanotechnology of the charcoal layer, silver tiny particles, and TiO 2 surface effectively supports and protects Pt Micro particle against the accumulation and breaking down of Platinum sites that are active. Moreover, the electricity production of the reaction involving hydrogen evolution is nonetheless in its infancy, and there is tonnes of untapped potential for the use of Machine Learning (ML). The following perspective focuses on new developments in the detection of outstanding performance Hydrogen Evolution Reaction (HER) catalysts using Artificial Intelligence (AI) in an effort to stimulate more broad proposals for research. In the course of the research, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) strategy was created and validated in order to forecast the results of the hydrogen assessment. The analysis of the dataset's test results demonstrates that the ANN technique can reliably and accurately estimate the generation of hydrogen. • Prediction of Hydrogen evaluation using Artificial Neural Network. • Photo thermal catalytic processes and material characterization. • Identification of high-performance electrocatalysts using Machine Learning. • Evaluation of photothermal catalysed H 2 evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium-reinforced composites play a vital role in the engineering industry because of their better strength and stiffness. The properties are directly related to the solidification phenomenon of the cast alloy. The design engineer should understand the importance of the solidification behavior of base alloy and its reinforcement. Composites' solidification study is rare, and the reviews are limited. The solidification process is analyzed using the finite element method (FEM), and this would fetch a lot of information about the cooling rate of the composites and also helps to reduce the time in experimentation. This paper reports and plots the cooling curves of Al/SiCp composites using simulation software. Cylindrical-shaped composites were developed using the squeeze casting method, and the experimental cooling curves were plotted using a K-type thermocouple. Composites samples were prepared at the following squeeze pressures: 0, 30, 50, 70, 100, and 130 MPa; melt and die temperature was kept constant at 800 and 400°C, respectively. The experimental and FEA cooling curves were compared, and it was agreed that the increase in the squeeze pressure increases the cooling rate of the developed composite. Furthermore, the effect of temperature distribution from the inner region of the melt and die material which causes the radial and tangential stress of components has also been examined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, reducing heat generation in electronic devices while using microchannel cooling is used to solve this problem. Because the trend is globally marching toward the compact size, the component's dimensions get smaller, but the warmth involved within the component increases. Studies of heat transfer rate are conducted to determine the effect of a fully heated microchannel conductor's heat transfer performance. Experiments are performed using nanofluid Al2O3/water through a concentration percentage of 0.1% and 0.25% and deionized water through a microchannel conductor with 25 rectangular microchannel numbers with a dimension of (0.42 × 0.42 × 100) mm3. This present work deals with the effect of nanofluids and their concentration percentages. Finally, it concluded that better heat transfer performance was seen in nanofluids compared to deionized water. The reason is the high viscosity of nanofluid Al2O3/water due to these nanoparticles is deposited on the wall surface of the microchannel and outcomes trendy improvement in the heat transfer. Finally, a high concentration percentage of nanofluids revealed a practical improvement in the transfer of microchannel. As a result, 0.25% of the concentration percentage achieved a satisfactory result compared to the remaining fluids and almost 32.5% and 26% of thermal resistance decrease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This present investigation focused on novel p-type bismuth ferrite (BiFeO3)/n-type tin sulfide (SnS2) heterostructure photocatalyst has been favorably attained via a facile two-step process followed by co-precipitation approach for enhances the photocatalytic activity through the degradation of Methylene Blue (MB) and Rhodamine B (RhB) organic dyes under visible-light illumination. Structural, optical, and photocatalytic behavior of the prepared BiFeO3 and BiFeO3/SnS2 photocatalysts are carefully explored. The photocatalytic efficiency of BiFeO3/SnS2 nanocatalyst was calculated to be 83%, 78% for MB and RhB, respectively, within 120 min illumination whereas the pure BiFeO3 nanoparticle was 58% and 56% for MB and RhB. This prominent enhancement of visible light photocatalytic activity can be ascribed to the separation as well as the transfer of photogenerated charge carriers, successful exploitation of visible light absorption and donates the enlarged number of photocatalytic active sites by the formation of BiFeO3/SnS2 p-n heterojunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminium and its alloys play a significant role in engineering material applications due to its low weight ratio and superior corrosion resistance. The welding of aluminium alloy is challenging for the normal conventional arc welding processes. This research tries to resolve those issues by the Tungsten Inert Gas welding process. The TIG welding method is an easy, friendly process to perform welding. The widely applicable wrought aluminium AA8006 alloy, which was not considered for TIG welding in earlier studies, is considered in this investigation. For optimizing the number of experiments, the Taguchi experimental design of L9 orthogonal array type experimental design/plan was employed by considering major influencing process parameters like welding speed, base current, and peak current at three levels. The welded samples are included to investigate mechanical characterizations like surface hardness and strengths for standing tensile and impact loading. The results of the investigation on mechanical characterization of permanent joint of aluminium AA8006 alloy TIG welding were statistically analyzed and discussed. The 3D profilometric images of tensile-tested specimens were investigated, and they suggested optimized process parameters based on the result investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electroless nickel phosphorus (EN) composite coatings, containing different weight percentages of Nylon 6,6 particles, were prepared using electroless baths that vary with the concentration of Nylon ranging from 0 to 10 g/L. The distribution of Nylon particles in the EN .matrix was analyzed using scanning electron microscope – energy dispersive spectroscopy. The wear resistance of the EN Nylon composite coating was better than that of the EN coating. The composite coating that was prepared, using a bath containing 6 g/L of Nylon, shows the best combination of hardness and wear resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium alloy matrix composite reinforced with constant weight fraction of 5% Cu and various weight fractions of (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) titanium diboride (TiB2) fabricated by Powder Metallurgy route. In this work, the mechanical properties like hardness, impact strength, compression strength, and wear rate of the Mg-Cu alloy and fabricated composites were investigated. The results showed that the addition of weight percentage of 15% TiB2 increased the hardness value about 58.56 HV, due to better bonding between the Mg-Cu and TiB2. Further, impact and compressive strengths improved, as the weight percentage of TiB2 increased. Uniform distribution of reinforced particles enhanced the impact strength and the work hardening effect improved the compression strength. Moreover, the wear rate decreased about 0.0112 mg by the addition of weight percentage of 15% TiB2. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was carried out for each composition. Optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) tests were conducted to study the characterization of the base alloy and the prepared new composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, magnesium matrix composites present a plenty of applications in automotive, marine and aerospace industries. In this work, AZ31B is selected as Mg matrix material and hard Tungsten carbide (WC) particles as reinforcement material. Mg/WC composites are reinforced with different weight proportions (0, 5, 10 and 15% wt.) using stir casting method. The worn surface of manufactured Mg/WC composites and base Mg material were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wear test results denote that AZ31B/15% wt. WC composites have excellent tribological behaviour when compared to the base magnesium matrix AZ31B alloy. The yield tensile strength, flexural strength, ultimate tensile strength and micro-hardness of the manufactured composites are improved by increasing the WC content. Further, SEM analysis revealed the homogeneous distribution of WC particles throughout the Mg matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium composites are innovative, compact, and distinctive materials. Because of their low density, magnesium composites are suitable for applications in the automobile, aviation, semiconductor, and pharmaceutical sectors. To enhance the mechanical wear and corrosion behavior of theAZ61 Mg alloy, different weight percentages of nano-B4C reinforcements (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10wt%) were strengthened with magnesium matrix. Fabrication of magnesium composites was achieved through the stir casting method. The as-cast specimens were subjected to microstructural analysis, which showed that the B4C nanoparticles were dispersed uniformly, well bonded to the matrix, and had a minimal level of porosity. This shows that the inclusion of B4C nanoparticles has aninsignificanteffect on the microstructure of the as-cast material. The material's tensile strength, compressive strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance were all greatly increased by the Mg17Al12 phase's fracture and dispersion. Scanning electron microscopy was utilized to inspect the surfaces of AZ61/B4C nanocomposites and witnessed the uniform dispersal of reinforcement within the matrix.The maximum value for mechanical properties was obtained for AZ61/7.5wt%B4C nanocomposite and the lowest value was found to be the corrosion test. These results show that the AZ61/7.5wt%B4C nanocomposite is a superior material for aerospace and automotive engineering components where high compressive strength, corrosion resistance, and wear resistance are required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the recent decades, magnesium matrix composites present a plenty of applications to automotive, marine and aerospace industries. In this work, AZ31B is selected as Mg matrix material and hard Tungsten carbide (WC) particles as reinforcement material. Mg/WC composites reinforced with different weight proportions (0, 5, 10 and 15 wt.%) were made through stir casting method. The worn surface of manufactured Mg/WC composites and base Mg material were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The wear test results denoted that the AZ31B/15 wt% WC composites have excellent tribological behaviour when compared to the base magnesium matrix AZ31B alloy. The yield strength, flexural strength, tensile strength and micro-hardness of the manufactured composites are improved by increasing the WC reinforcement content. SEM images reveal the homogeneous distribution of WC particles throughout the Mg matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effect of different (2, 2.5, 3)mol. % yttria inside zirconia matrix alongside the effect of 3 mol. % Ytria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) inside the alumina matrix is studied. High hardness and fracture toughness has been observed for 3 mol. % Yttria reinforced inside zirconia matrix. Neural role of mol. % on grain growth and density, but significantly affect the phases. More amount of metastable tetragonal phases augments more toughening phenomenon that provides a beneficial effect on mechanical properties. Investigation on tribological properties reported an improvement in COF by 18 % for ZTA, compared to Alumina. This improvement is allied with the toughening phenomenon accompanied by softer YSZ particles acting as the second phase. The astral analysis of the wear track revealed high abrasions, fracture (formation of micro-cracks), grain pullout, and laminar removal of grains are the possible cause of wear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, electromagnetic interference (EMI) is one of the pollution that harm human health and electronic devices. Iron nitride (Fe 3 N) and cobalt sulfide (CoS 2) are promising microwave-absorbing materials (MAMs) due to their intriguing properties. In this work, polygonal Fe 3 N@C and flower-like CoS 2 were fabricated, and Fe 3 N@C showed pretty good magnetic properties. Microwave absorption properties of as-prepared samples were investigated, where Fe 3 N@C and CoS 2 reached minimum reflection loss (RL) of −12 dB and −23 dB, respectively. In addition, Fe 3 N@C mostly had no effective absorption bandwidth (EAB), whereas Co 2 S was 2.5 GHz. The better microwave absorption properties of CoS 2 compared to Fe 3 N@C could be explained through the combination of electrical conductivity, C 0 values, loss capacity matching, impedance matching, and attenuation constant. It is worth mentioning that both Fe 3 N@C and CoS 2 could not be considered promising MAMs. Therefore, RL curves of bi-layer MAMs made from as-prepared samples were simulated, where CoS 2 and Fe 3 N@C acted as absorption and matching layers, respectively. The simulated Fe 3 N@C/CoS 2 = 0.6 mm/0.6 mm bi-layer absorber could reach an RL of −45 dB and an EAB of 13 GHz, which was superior to the single-layer ones. The fabricated Fe 3 N@C/CoS 2 = 0.6 mm/0.6 mm bi-layer absorber confirmed these excellent properties, which could be a result of the enhancement of complex permittivity, complex permeability, dielectric, and magnetic loss tangents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civilization can be shielded from the dangerous electromagnetic spectrum by using microwave absorption materials, however, absorbing electromagnetic radiation with thin thickness and high bandwidth remains a challenge, especially at scales that are significant. Herein, we propose a novel architecture where worm-like Cu 2 S particles are decorating CuCo 2 S 4 micro-spheres were decorated, and this method is thought to be a successful one for enhancing the created nanocomposite's ability to dissipate electromagnetic radiation. Changing the filler loading percentage allows the nanohybrids' electromagnetic characteristics and microwave dissipation effectiveness to be efficiently changed. This leads to the creation of ultra-bandwidth absorbers with thin thickness, which are then tested using waveguide and free-space techniques. The sample with a thickness of 1.4 mm has a maximum reflection loss of −18 dB and a maximum bandwidth of 3.6 GHz. The hetero-structures, multi-interfaces, and multiple relaxations phenomena, as well as the combined effects of the two components, are credited with the superior microwave absorption performance compared with the state-of-the-art. This finding demonstrates that CuCo 2 S 4 /Cu 2 S nanohybrids pave the way for the development of future high-performance microwave absorption materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research work explored and compared the experimental performance of a solar still having novel octagonal-pyramid shape with a single slope solar still. It is found that the novel still provides twice distillation compared with conventional still. The experiments also evaluated the desalination productivity of octagonal-pyramid solar still by varying the depth of saline water inside the basin and angle of inclination of glass cover. It is observed that the optimum condition for high distillation is obtained when depth of water inside the basin is 5 cm with angle of inclination of glass cover which is 30°. Four types of water, i.e., underground borewell water, sea water, leather industry effluent, and plastic industry effluent were also used to see the effect on distillation. Results showed that underground borewell water provides high distillation due to low density. Furthermore, the performance of the octagonal-pyramid solar still is enhanced by adding different latent heat and sensible heat materials in the octagonal-pyramid solar still. Hence, the addition of brick to the octagonal-pyramid still yields the highest productivity compared to incorporation of paraffin wax. Hence, it can be concluded that the octagonal design of the solar still has shown an increased productivity when compared to a single slope solar still (conventional still) under all the conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, light weight epoxy bio‐composites are created for low‐cost technological applications using luffa aegyptiaca fiber and biochar particles derived from coco husk (CHB). This study aims to evaluate the effects of CHB particles added at different concentrations (3 vol% and 5 vol%) on the dynamic mechanical, ballistic and tribology behavior of epoxy composites constructed from luffa aegyptiaca fiber with different fiber loading (20%, 30% and 40 vol%). The composites are prepared using hand layup process provided with post curing operation. The combination of 3 vol% CHB particles and 40 vol% luffa aegyptiaca fiber having the improved viscoelastic properties by means of high storage modulus (5.05 GPa) and low loss factor (0.31). Moreover, this composite shows better ballistic properties in terms of low velocity impact energy (17.1 J). The optical image of impact damage behavior shows minimum damage of impactor on the composite and penetration effect found to be lower. This luffa aegyptiaca fiber reinforced epoxy composite also shows the lowest value of coefficient of friction (COF) with 0.48 and the lowest specific wear rate of 0.011 mm3/Nm. These epoxy composites made from luffa aegyptiaca fiber and CHB particles may be useful in a variety of engineering applications that can use materials for manufacture sporting goods, home furnishings, food packaging, and transportation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, ZrB 2 @SiO 2 composite and Poly-ortho Toluidine (PoTo) was synthesized and the microwave absorption capability was investigated between 2 and 18 GHz frequencies. The XRD, FTIR and elemental mapping analysis confirm the presence and purity of the ZrB 2 , SiO 2 , ZrB 2 @SiO 2 Composite and PoTo sample. An agglomerated morphology was observed especially in the PoTo sample. The high resolution XP spectra of SiO 2 and ZrB 2 shows their characteristic peaks which further support the finding of the XRD and FTIR analysis. The arrangement with PoTo as top layer having 0.5 mm thickness and ZrSi as bottom layer having 1.5 mm thickness gives a R L of − 29.8 at 5.2 GHz with bandwidth of effective absorption reaching about 4.4 GHz. A superior impedance matching between the ZrB 2 @SiO 2 composite and PoTo sample may be the cause of the excellent microwave absorption capability. The value of the R L indicate that the prepared sample could be used as efficient next generation microwave absorber material. • Synergistic effects of ZrB 2 @SiO 2 composite. • Microwave absorption performance of bilayer absorber material. • Impedance matching of ZrB 2 @SiO 2 composite and PoTo sample. • Tuning the microwave absorption by thickness and layer variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, we developed a wideband electromagnetic wave absorber suitable for the X-band frequency by using a unique hybrid nanocomposite structure made of FeWO 4 embellished with Ag 3 PO 4 nanopowders. Simple chemical hydrothermal and microwave-aided hydrothermal procedures were used to successfully produce single-phase spherical-like FeWO4 and FeWO4@Ag3PO4 nanocomposite powders. Using XRD, FTIR, VSM, FESEM, and VNA methods, the phase constituents, morphological, magnetic, and electromagnetic properties of the produced nanocomposite materials were assessed. The resin-based nanocomposite absorber sample allows to obtain a maximum reflection loss of −21 dB with a matching thickness of 1.8 mm at the ferromagnetic resonance of 10.4 GHz with a 3.8 GHz effective absorption bandwidth, which is evaluated using the waveguide technique, when the filler loading percentage reaches 40 wt percent (S40). S40 had superior impedance matching capabilities, a wide effective absorption bandwidth, and a high absorption capacity when compared to other produced absorber samples. The best sample is prepared for free-space testing with the dimension of 200 × 200 mm and an optimum thickness of 1.8 mm, and the results demonstrate a good agreement between the waveguide and free-space technique results. This absorber sample's wideband absorption capacity was attained by adjusting the magneto-electric composition and enhancing the interfacial characteristics brought on by the core-shell construction. In this study, a design approach for efficient microwave absorbers based on a magneto-electric hybrid nanocomposite structure is presented, using waveguide and free-space experimental methods in two different ways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to identify the optimum level of factors or parameters that affect the energy absorption of conoidal structures by grey relational examination. To optimize crashworthiness parameters of conical structures, the L9 orthogonal array has been adopted to design the experiments. The tailor-made thin-walled conical structures were fabricated by three most important factors, such as base diameter, height, and thickness, as design variables, and they were subjected to axial compression in a quasi-static method. The important responses of crashworthiness indicators such as the mean crushing force and specific energy absorption (SEA) were calculated with the help of a load-displacement curve. Experimental results showed that the crushing behaviours of conical structures were fairly significant. Grey relational analysis (GRA) and analysis of variance are used toobtain the optimal levels of parameters. From the results, the optimum levels of parameters are found to be a base diameter of 180 mm, a height of 120 mm, and a thickness of 1.5 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, photovoltaic systems are an essential part of the development of renewable energy. Due to the inherent dependence of solar energy production on climate variations, forecasting power production using weather data has a number of financial advantages, including dependable proactive power trading and operation planning. Megacity electricity generation is regarded as a current research problem in the modern features of urban administration, particularly in developing nations such as Iran. Machine learning could be used to identify renewable resources like transformational participation (TP) and photovoltaic (PV) technology; based on resident motivational strategies, the smart city concept offers a revolutionary suggestion for supplying power in a metropolitan region. The sustainable development agenda is introduced at the same time as this approach. Therefore, the article's goals are to estimate Mashhad, Iran's electrical power needs using machine learning technologies and to make innovative suggestions for motivating people to generate renewable energy based on the expertise of experts. The potential of solar power over the course of a year is then assessed in our research study in Mashhad, Iran, using the solar photovoltaic modelling tool. The present idea in this research uses linear regression techniques to forecast utilising artificial neural networks (ANN). The most important factor in sizing the installation of solar power producing units is the daily mean sun irradiation. The amount of power that will be produced by solar panels can be estimated using the mean sun irradiance at a particular spot. A precise prediction can also be used to determine the complexity of the system, return on investment (ROI), and system load metrics. Several regression techniques and solar irradiance-related metrics have been combined to forecast the mean sun irradiation in terms of kilowatt hours per square metre. Azimuth and zenith factors considerably enhance the performance of the model, as demonstrated by the proposed method. The results of this study demonstrate 99.9% reliability rate for ANN model prediction of the electrical power usage during the summer and winter seasons. Thus, the maximum of power requirement during the hottest and coolest periods can be managed by using the photovoltaic system's renewable power projections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The outer surface of the building is the same size as its premises, with greater heat loss. Therefore, when building, renovating, or expanding apartment, if possible, avoid all kinds of spaces, ledges, and lodges in the walls. It makes sense to build unheated exterior buildings on the north side of the apartment. The storage rooms for garden tools and bicycles, technical buildings protect the warm part of the house from wind and cold. In the most common design of a private apartment, the energy consumption for heating is 110-130 kW per 1 m2 per year. In this paper, an energy distribution model was proposed to estimate the photo energy with the help of deep learning model. A small apartment not only uses less energy but also requires lower construction costs. An energy-efficient apartment is a building with a low-energy consumption and comfortable microclimate. Energy savings in such homes can be up to 90%. Annual heat demand can be less than 15 kWh per square meter of energy-efficient home. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung cancer is the major cause of cancer-related death in this generation, and it is expected to remain so for the foreseeable future. It is feasible to treat lung cancer if the symptoms of the disease are detected early. It is possible to construct a sustainable prototype model for the treatment of lung cancer using the current developments in computational intelligence without negatively impacting the environment. Because it will reduce the number of resources squandered as well as the amount of work necessary to complete manual tasks, it will save both time and money. To optimise the process of detection from the lung cancer dataset, a machine learning model based on support vector machines (SVMs) was used. Using an SVM classifier, lung cancer patients are classified based on their symptoms at the same time as the Python programming language is utilised to further the model implementation. The effectiveness of our SVM model was evaluated in terms of several different criteria. Several cancer datasets from the University of California, Irvine, library were utilised to evaluate the evaluated model. As a result of the favourable findings of this research, smart cities will be able to deliver better healthcare to their citizens. Patients with lung cancer can obtain real-time treatment in a cost-effective manner with the least amount of effort and latency from any location and at any time. The proposed model was compared with the existing SVM and SMOTE methods. The proposed method gets a 98.8% of accuracy rate when comparing the existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The hybrid aluminium alloy matrix composites are adopted in high-strength-to-weight ratio applications with technical benefits, including high strength, good hardness, better stability, and improved thermal stability. This research is enhancing microstructural and mechanical functional behaviours of the hybrid aluminium alloy (AA2024) nanocomposites by the blending actions of nano silicon carbides (SiC) particles and multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) via a two-step stir cast route. The contribution effect of SiC and MWCNT blending actions on metallography, physical/mechanical qualities, and resistance to corrosion individualities of hybrid AA2024 nanocomposites are studied by the procedure of the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) and compared to monolithic cast AA2024 alloy characteristics. The hybrid AA2024 nanocomposite blended with SiC and MWCNT (weight percentages of 5 and 8%) exposed the specific tailored benefits like homogenous scattered reinforcements resulting in a lower percentage value of porosity (≤ 1%), excellent ultimate tensile strength of 330 MPa with acceptable elongation range of 10%, enhanced indentation resistance capabilities of 128 HV, specific toughness of 15.2 J/mm2, and enhanced corrosion performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes utilizing landfill gas, obtained from landfilling activities, as a viable substitute for fossil fuels. In this study, an innovative heat design process for a landfill gas-fueled power plant is employed, representing a novel contribution to system development. The innovative cascade heat recovery process utilized in this method facilitates an eco-friendly multigeneration practice, resulting in reduced thermodynamic irreversibility and air pollution as well as an increase in the capacity of main products. Hence, the entire system consists of a bio power plant, a transcritical CO 2 cycle, a low-pressure steam generation unit, a refrigeration cycle, a multi-effect desalination, and a liquefied natural gas cold utilization unit. The simulation is conducted by the Aspen HYSYS software, examining various aspects such as energy, exergy, economics, and environment. The results indicate that the energy and exergy efficiencies of the process are 79.96% and 32.93%, respectively. Moreover, the cost per unit exergy and specific CO 2 emissions amount to 87.16 $/GJ and 0.2732 kg/kWh, respectively. Besides, a parametric study is performed based on the gas turbine's outlet pressure, the flue gas temperature leaving the transcritical CO 2 cycle and multi-effect desalination, and the liquefied natural gas flow rate. Obtained results demonstrate that the specific CO 2 emissions and cost per unit exergy face an increase with increasing the gas turbine's outlet pressure. Moreover, the increase in the flue gas temperature leaving the transcritical CO 2 cycle exhibits a reduction in the CO 2 emissions and an escalation in the cost per unit exergy. • Technical study of an eco-friendly process using landfill gas and LNG cold energy. • Implementing a new sustainable production approach for a CCHP-desalination process. • Process simulation using Aspen HYSYS and conducting a comprehensive 4 E study. • Energy and exergy efficiencies of the process are found as 79.96% and 32.93%. • Cost per unit exergy and specific CO 2 emissions equal 87.16 $/GJ and 0.2732 kg/kWh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]