264 results on '"Mohapatra SS"'
Search Results
2. A detailed investigation of enhancement in heat transfer using Al2O3 nanofluid as coolant.
- Author
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Swain, B, Pati, AR, and Mohapatra, SS
- Subjects
NANOFLUIDS ,HEAT transfer ,EVAPORATIVE cooling ,COOLANTS ,EBULLITION ,TRANSMISSION electron microscopes ,HEAT transfer fluids - Abstract
In the current research, enhancement in the film and transition boiling regime is tried to obtain using Al
2 O3 nanofluid as coolant. The coolant properties such as physical, thermal and interfacial and the droplet dynamics during evaporation are the prime controlling factors for defining the effectiveness of dropwise evaporative cooling. In the current study, aluminium oxide nanoparticle with water is considered as coolant. The quality of the aluminium oxide nanoparticle has been confirmed by performing various characterizations such as X-ray diffraction analysis, scanning electron microscope with energy dispersive spectroscopy and transmission electron microscope. Using aluminium oxide + water as the coolant, the augmentation was obtained by altering the thermo-physical properties of the coolant in the favourable direction of heat transfer. The thermal analysis and the comparative study ensures step up in heat transfer. With the increase in the concentration of nanoparticles from 0.1%–0.2% in the base fluid, the evaporation rate increases significantly due to the decrease in the residence time, increase in the maximum spreading diameter and minimisation or elimination in blasting characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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3. An IUWM incorporated model to improve water supply reliability in intermittent and no service areas
- Author
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Mohapatra, SS, Wu, W, Tiwari, MK, Arora, M, Mohapatra, SS, Wu, W, Tiwari, MK, and Arora, M
- Published
- 2022
4. Hypoxia signature: A useful tool for hypoxia recognition among aircrew
- Author
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Kasture, S, primary, Nataraja, MS, additional, Mohapatra, SS, additional, and Sinha, B, additional
- Published
- 2021
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5. Effect of acute normobaric hypoxia on passively simulated illusions: A double-blind randomized study
- Author
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Iyer, SK, primary, Kumar, A, additional, and Mohapatra, SS, additional
- Published
- 2021
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6. Objective assessment of nap as a method to improve cognitive performance using a bio-mathematical model
- Author
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Mohapatra, SS, primary, Ghosh, D, additional, Sarkar, R, additional, and Anand, K, additional
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- 2021
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7. Changes in the psychophysiological and cognitive parameters of the sailors wearing cooling vest while working in high ambient temperature condition of the engine room onboard a naval ship: An experimental study
- Author
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Mohapatra, SS, primary, Jaipurkar, Raksha, additional, Banerjee, Chitra, additional, Bobde, Saurabh, additional, and Karade, Santosh, additional
- Published
- 2021
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8. Assessment of fatigue among aviation personnel involved in military flying in India employing Multidimensional Fatigue Symptom Inventory – Short Form (MFSI-SF)
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Mohapatra, SS, primary, Sarkar, R, additional, and Ghosh, DD, additional
- Published
- 2020
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9. In situ grommet and fitness for flying
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Raju, AVK, primary, Saxena, S, additional, and Mohapatra, SS, additional
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- 2020
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10. Impact of 24 h of isolation and confinement exposure on psychological state of healthy human volunteers
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Mohapatra, SS, primary, Anand, K, additional, and Raju, AVK, additional
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- 2020
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11. Accident of a civil passenger aircraft at a military airfield: The Casevac experience
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Sarkar, R, primary and Mohapatra, SS, additional
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- 2020
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12. Utilization of flow chemistry in catalysis: New avenues for the selective synthesis of Bis(indolyl)methanes
- Author
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Mohapatra, SS, Wilson, ZE, Roy, S, Ley, SV, Wilson, Zoe [0000-0003-4606-9831], Ley, Steven [0000-0002-7816-0042], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
- Subjects
catalysis ,flow ,Organic Chemistry ,Drug Discovery ,scandium triflate ,bis(indolyl)methanes ,alkylation ,Biochemistry - Abstract
Flow chemistry enables the preparation of bis(indolyl)methanes from various indoles and structurally divergent aldehydes using Sc(OTf)3 catalysis. The reaction is regioselective for C-3 functionalization of the indoles, occurring over short reaction times allowing for rapid investigation of scope with straightforward work up facilitating product isolation.
- Published
- 2017
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13. Excessive daytime sleepiness and obstructive sleep apnea among aircrew: A questionnaire survey
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Murthy, HMK, primary and Mohapatra, SS, additional
- Published
- 2019
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14. A paradigm approach toward predicting barotrauma
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Raghunandan, V, primary and Mohapatra, SS, additional
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- 2019
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15. Sickle Cell Crisis Mimicking Severe Decompression Sickness in a Recreational SCUBA Diver
- Author
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Mohanty, CS, primary, Mohapatra, SS, additional, and Verma, Rohit, additional
- Published
- 2016
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16. Unusual occurrence of diving accidents : Case reports from andaman & nicobar islands
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Mohapatra, SS, primary, Anand, AK, additional, Mohanty, CS, additional, Pathnaik, Swaroop, additional, Oberoi, Bhavni, additional, and Singh, Sargundeep, additional
- Published
- 2015
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17. Stress concentration around irregular holes using complex variable method
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Simha, KRY and Mohapatra, SS
- Subjects
Mechanical Engineering - Abstract
Engineering materials are vulnerable targets for damage by chemical agents. This results in various types of irregular cavities which may subsequently change their shape under the combined action of loads and chemical attack. Such shape evolutions are subject to certain constraints. This paper explores the evolution in stresses as a result of an evolution in the shape of an isolated irregular hole in an infinite elastic plate subjected to remote uniform stress. The constraint employed here is a fixed area for the irregular hole with variable perimeter as a result of the evolution. Increase in perimeter implies decrease in strain energy on account of increased surface energy. Such phenomena could also occur in polymeric sheets on account of viscoelasticity even in the absence of chemical agents. This paper presents the evolution in boundary stresses as the cavity evolves to take different shapes. Complex variable methods are developed to tackle three cases of remote loading: (a) hydrostatic tension, (b) uniaxial tension, and (c) pure shear state. Of the above three cases, the first case of hydrostatic loading leads to a remarkably simple result for the boundary stress as shown in this paper. The last case is obtained by superposing a uniaxial tension and uniaxial compression along orthogonal directions.
- Published
- 1998
18. Assessment of fatigue risk among naval aircrew during carrier borne fighter operations: a pilot study
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Mohapatra, SS, additional, Promod, P, additional, Anand, N, additional, and Banerjee, Chitra, additional
- Published
- 2012
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19. Aeromedicai overview of naval air operations at sea
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Mohapatra, SS, additional, Patro, P, additional, Singh, RJ, additional, and Anand, N, additional
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- 2012
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20. Analysis of T-cell receptor alpha beta chains of CD8+ suppressor T cells induced by tolerogenic conjugates of antigen and monomethoxypolyethylone glycol. Involvement of TCR alpha-CDR3 Domain in Immunosuppression
- Author
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Mohapatra S, Chen Y, Takata M. Mohapatra SS, Sehon, AH, primary
- Published
- 1996
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21. Analysis of T-cell receptor alpha beta chains of CD8+ suppressor T cells induced by tolerogenic conjugates of antigen and monomethoxypolyethylone glycol. Involvement of TCR alpha-CDR3 Domain in Immunosuppression
- Author
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AH Mohapatra S, Chen Y, Takata M. Mohapatra SS, Sehon
- Subjects
Immunology ,Immunology and Allergy - Published
- 1996
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22. Long-term colonization of a Lactobacillus plantarum synbiotic preparation in the neonatal gut.
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Panigrahi P, Parida S, Pradhan L, Mohapatra SS, Misra PR, Johnson JA, Chaudhry R, Taylor S, Hansen NI, and Gewolb IH
- Published
- 2008
23. NODULE SPECIFIC POLYPEPTIDES OF BROADBEAN (VICIA-FABA L)
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MOHAPATRA, SS, PERLICK, A, and Pühler, Alfred
- Published
- 1987
24. Prenatal depression and anxiety in Toxoplasma gondii-positive women.
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Groër MW, Yolken RH, Xiao JC, Beckstead JW, Fuchs D, Mohapatra SS, Seyfang A, Postolache TT, Groër, Maureen W, Yolken, Robert H, Xiao, J-C, Beckstead, Jason W, Fuchs, Dietmar, Mohapatra, Shyam S, Seyfang, Andreas, and Postolache, Teodor T
- Abstract
Objective: This study analyzed a relationship between prenatal mood states and serologic evidence of immune response to Toxoplasma gondii. A secondary aim was to determine whether thyroid peroxidase autoantibody status was related to T gondii status.Study Design: Pregnant women (n = 414) were measured at 16-25 weeks' gestation with demographic and mood questionnaires and a blood draw. All plasma samples were analyzed for thyroid peroxidase and T gondii immunoglobulin G, tryptophan, kynurenine, and neopterin. T gondii serotypes were also measured in the women who were T gondii positive. Cytokines were available on a subset (n = 142).Results: Women with serologic evidence of exposure to T gondii (n = 44) showed positive correlations between immunoglobulin G levels and the Profile of Mood States depression and anxiety subscales. Plasma tumor necrosis factor-α was higher in women who were positive for T gondii. Serotypes were type I (27%), type II (31%), and unclassified (42%, which shows intermediate levels of reactivity). The depression and anxiety scores were highest in type I, but this was not significant. The Profile of Mood States vigor score was lowest in type II, compared with the type I or unclassified groups.Conclusion: Higher T gondii immunoglobulin G titers in infected women were related to anxiety and depression during pregnancy. Subclinical reactivation of T gondii or immune responses to T gondii may worsen mood in pregnant women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2011
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25. Gene note. Identification and characterization of a novel barley gene that is ABA-inducible and expressed specifically in embryo and aleurone.
- Author
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Liu, J-H, Luo, M, Cheng, K-J, Mohapatra, SS, and Hill, RD
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BARLEY genetics ,ABSCISIC acid - Abstract
Studies a novel barley gene that is abscisic acid (ABA) inducible and expressed specifically in embryo and aleurone. Genomic sequence of aba45; Absence of homology between aba45 and any known DNA or protein sequences.
- Published
- 1999
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26. Convergence of Nanotechnology and Machine Learning: The State of the Art, Challenges, and Perspectives.
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Tripathy A, Patne AY, Mohapatra S, and Mohapatra SS
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- Humans, Nanostructures chemistry, Algorithms, Machine Learning, Nanotechnology methods
- Abstract
Nanotechnology and machine learning (ML) are rapidly emerging fields with numerous real-world applications in medicine, materials science, computer engineering, and data processing. ML enhances nanotechnology by facilitating the processing of dataset in nanomaterial synthesis, characterization, and optimization of nanoscale properties. Conversely, nanotechnology improves the speed and efficiency of computing power, which is crucial for ML algorithms. Although the capabilities of nanotechnology and ML are still in their infancy, a review of the research literature provides insights into the exciting frontiers of these fields and suggests that their integration can be transformative. Future research directions include developing tools for manipulating nanomaterials and ensuring ethical and unbiased data collection for ML models. This review emphasizes the importance of the coevolution of these technologies and their mutual reinforcement to advance scientific and societal goals.
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- 2024
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27. Drug Discovery in the Age of Artificial Intelligence: Transformative Target-Based Approaches.
- Author
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Patne AY, Dhulipala SM, Lawless W, Prakash S, Mohapatra SS, and Mohapatra S
- Subjects
- Humans, Artificial Intelligence, Drug Design, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Algorithms, Drug Discovery methods, Neural Networks, Computer
- Abstract
The complexities inherent in drug development are multi-faceted and often hamper accuracy, speed and efficiency, thereby limiting success. This review explores how recent developments in machine learning (ML) are significantly impacting target-based drug discovery, particularly in small-molecule approaches. The Simplified Molecular Input Line Entry System (SMILES), which translates a chemical compound's three-dimensional structure into a string of symbols, is now widely used in drug design, mining, and repurposing. Utilizing ML and natural language processing techniques, SMILES has revolutionized lead identification, high-throughput screening and virtual screening. ML models enhance the accuracy of predicting binding affinity and selectivity, reducing the need for extensive experimental screening. Additionally, deep learning, with its strengths in analyzing spatial and sequential data through convolutional neural networks (CNNs) and recurrent neural networks (RNNs), shows promise for virtual screening, target identification, and de novo drug design. Fragment-based approaches also benefit from ML algorithms and techniques like generative adversarial networks (GANs), which predict fragment properties and binding affinities, aiding in hit selection and design optimization. Structure-based drug design, which relies on high-resolution protein structures, leverages ML models for accurate predictions of binding interactions. While challenges such as interpretability and data quality remain, ML's transformative impact accelerates target-based drug discovery, increasing efficiency and innovation. Its potential to deliver new and improved treatments for various diseases is significant.
- Published
- 2024
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28. Deciphering inhibitory activity of marine algae Ecklonia cava phlorotannins against SARS CoV-2 main protease: A coupled in-silico docking and molecular dynamics simulation study.
- Author
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Chakraborty A, Ghosh R, Barik S, Mohapatra SS, Biswas A, and Chowdhuri S
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- Humans, COVID-19 virology, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents chemistry, Dioxins, Molecular Dynamics Simulation, Molecular Docking Simulation, Phaeophyceae chemistry, SARS-CoV-2 drug effects, SARS-CoV-2 enzymology, Coronavirus 3C Proteases antagonists & inhibitors, Coronavirus 3C Proteases chemistry, Coronavirus 3C Proteases metabolism, Tannins pharmacology, Tannins chemistry
- Abstract
The onset of COVID-19 due to the SARS CoV-2 virus has spurred an urgent need for potent therapeutics and vaccines to combat this global pandemic. The main protease (Mpro) of the virus, crucial in its replication, has become a focal point in developing anti-COVID-19 drugs. The cysteine protease Mpro in SARS CoV-2 bears a significant resemblance to the same protease found in SARS CoV-1. Previous research highlighted phlorotannins derived from Ecklonia cava, an edible marine algae, as inhibitors of SARS CoV-1 Mpro activity. However, it remains unclear whether these marine-derived phlorotannins also exert a similar inhibitory effect on SARS CoV-2 Mpro. To unravel this, our study utilized diverse in-silico methodologies. We explored the pharmacological potential of various phlorotannins (phloroglucinol, triphloretol-A, eckol, 2-phloroeckol, 7-phloroeckol, fucodiphloroethol G, dieckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A) and assessed their binding efficacies alongside established Mpro inhibitors (N3 and lopinavir) through molecular docking studies. Among these compounds, five phlorotannins (eckol, 2-phloroeckol, 7-phloroeckol, dieckol, and phlorofucofuroeckol-A) exhibited potent binding affinities comparable to or surpassing N3 and lopinavir, interacting especially with the catalytic residues His41 and Cys145 of Mpro. Moreover, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that these five Mpro-phlorotannin complexes displayed enhanced stability and maintained comparable or slightly reduced compactness. They exhibited reduced conformational changes and increased expansion relative to the Mpro-N3 and/or Mpro-lopinavir complex. Our MM-GBSA analysis further supported these findings. Overall, our investigation highlights the potential of these five phlorotannins in inhibiting the proteolytic function of SARS CoV-2 Mpro, offering promise for anti-COVID-19 drug development., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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29. Phenotypic heterogeneity in bacteria: the rise of antibiotic persistence, clinical implications, and therapeutic opportunities.
- Author
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Pani S and Mohapatra SS
- Subjects
- Humans, Bacterial Infections drug therapy, Bacterial Infections microbiology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Bacteria drug effects, Bacteria genetics, Bacteria classification, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Phenotype, Microbial Sensitivity Tests
- Abstract
The rising incidence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the diminishing antibiotics discovery pipeline have created an unprecedented scenario where minor infections could become untreatable. AMR phenomenon is genetically encoded, and various genetic determinants have been implicated in their emergence and spread. Nevertheless, several non-genetic phenomena are also involved in antibiotic treatment failure which requires a systematic investigation. It has been observed that in an isogenic population of bacteria, not all cells behave or respond the same way to an antibiotic, because of the inherent heterogeneity among them. This heterogeneity is not always heritable but rather phenotypic. Three distinct types of phenotypic heterogeneity, namely tolerance, persistence, and heteroresistance have been observed in bacteria having significant clinical implications influencing the treatment outcome. While tolerance is when a population can survive high doses of antibiotics without changing the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the drug, persistence occurs in a subpopulation of bacteria that can survive exposure to high antibiotic doses. In contrast, when a subpopulation shows a very high MIC in comparison to the rest of the population, the phenomenon is called heteroresistance. In this article, we have highlighted bacterial persistence with a focus on their emergence and the underlying molecular mechanisms. Moreover, we have tried to associate the genome-wide methylation status with that of the heterogeneity at a single-cell level that may explain the role of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of persistence., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2024
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30. Colistin resistance among the Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Dwibedy SK, Padhy I, Panda AK, and Mohapatra SS
- Abstract
The rapid rise of nosocomial infections and the growing ineffectiveness of frontline antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria (GNB) have put the healthcare sector under unprecedented stress. In this scenario, colistin, an antibiotic of the polymyxin class, has become the last resort treatment option. However, the unrestricted use of colistin in the preceding decades has led to the emergence of colistin-resistant (Col
R ) bacterial strains. Unfortunately, comprehensive data on the prevalence of ColR nosocomial pathogens in India are scarce. This study was conducted to address this information gap. A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted to determine the prevalence of ColR among the nosocomial GNB species in India and their geographical distribution. A systematic search of the online databases was performed and eligible studies meeting the inclusion criteria were used for qualitative synthesis. The combined event rate and 95% confidence interval were estimated using a forest plot with a random-effect model. Cochrane Q statistics and I2 statistics were used to detect possible heterogeneity. From a total of 1865 retrieved records from 4 databases, 33 studies were included in the study. Among the most common nosocomial pathogens , Klebsiella pneumoniae showed a rate of ColR at 16.1% (95% CI: 10.1 to 24.6), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (13.3%) (95% CI: 9.1 to 19.2), Acinetobacter baumannii (10%) (95% CI: 7.5 to 13.2), and Escherichia coli (7.8%) (95% CI: 5.3 to 11.2). Interestingly, our analysis revealed that Enterobacter cloacae have the highest rate of ColR at 27.9% (95% CI: 12.7 to 50.9). The results indicate that the prevalence of ColR nosocomial pathogens vary among regions and over time; however, continuous monitoring, and sustained efforts are crucial to ensure the effectiveness of colistin antibiotic.- Published
- 2024
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31. Prevalence of polymyxin-resistant bacterial strains in India: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Author
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Dwibedy SK, Padhy I, Panda AK, and Mohapatra SS
- Subjects
- India epidemiology, Humans, Prevalence, Gram-Negative Bacteria drug effects, Gram-Negative Bacteria genetics, Gram-Negative Bacteria classification, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial genetics, Colistin pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Polymyxins pharmacology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Introduction: Polymyxins, the cationic lipopeptide antibiotics, are the last line of therapeutics against the MDR Gram-negative bacterial (GNB) pathogens. Unfortunately, the rising cases of polymyxin-resistant strains from across the globe have adversely impacted their utility. While the molecular mechanisms responsible for developing polymyxin resistance (PolR) are largely understood, the prevalence of PolR strains in India has not been investigated systematically. The current study was undertaken to primarily determine the prevalence of PolR strains in India. Moreover, the extent of the spread of mobile colistin resistance (mcr) genes among the GNB strains in India was also determined., Method: A systematic search for articles using the relevant inclusion and exclusion criteria was performed in the applicable databases for the period January 2015 to December 2023. The included 41 studies were subjected to a meta-analysis using the Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software (V4.0). Publication biases were assessed using funnel plots and Egger's regression analysis., Result: Considering a total of 41 studies including 24 589 bacterial isolates the present meta-analysis found the rate of PolR bacteria in India to be at 15.0% (95% CI: 11.2 to 19.8). Among the Indian States, Tamil Nadu topped with the highest prevalence of PolR at 28.3%. Investigating the contribution of the mcr genes, it was observed that among the PolR strains, 8.4% (95% CI: 4.8 to 14.3) were mcr positive., Conclusion: The study determined the prevalence of PolR strains in India at 15.0%, which is higher than that of the global average at 10%. The study also determined that 8.4% of the PolR strains carried the mcr genes. The mcr-positive strains reported from India could be an underestimation of the actual numbers due to the non-inclusion of mcr screening in many previous studies. This study provides insight into the state of the PolR situation in India, which may be useful to develop a monitoring strategy to contain the spread of such strains and preserve the efficacy of the polymyxins., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com.)
- Published
- 2024
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32. A molecular overview of the polymyxin-LPS interaction in the context of its mode of action and resistance development.
- Author
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Padhy I, Dwibedy SK, and Mohapatra SS
- Subjects
- Humans, Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics, Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Colistin pharmacology, Polymyxins pharmacology, Lipopolysaccharides
- Abstract
With the rising incidences of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and the diminishing options of novel antimicrobial agents, it is paramount to decipher the molecular mechanisms of action and the emergence of resistance to the existing drugs. Polymyxin, a cationic antimicrobial lipopeptide, is used to treat infections by Gram-negative bacterial pathogens as a last option. Though polymyxins were identified almost seventy years back, their use has been restricted owing to toxicity issues in humans. However, their clinical use has been increasing in recent times resulting in the rise of polymyxin resistance. Moreover, the detection of "mobile colistin resistance (mcr)" genes in the environment and their spread across the globe have complicated the scenario. The mechanism of polymyxin action and the development of resistance is not thoroughly understood. Specifically, the polymyxin-bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) interaction is a challenging area of investigation. The use of advanced biophysical techniques and improvement in molecular dynamics simulation approaches have furthered our understanding of this interaction, which will help develop polymyxin analogs with better bactericidal effects and lesser toxicity in the future. In this review, we have delved deeper into the mechanisms of polymyxin-LPS interactions, highlighting several models proposed, and the mechanisms of polymyxin resistance development in some of the most critical Gram-negative pathogens., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
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33. Modulation of Paracellular Permeability in SARS-CoV-2 Blood-to-Brain Transcytosis.
- Author
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Martinez TE, Mayilsamy K, Mohapatra SS, and Mohapatra S
- Subjects
- Humans, Brain virology, Brain metabolism, Endocytosis, Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells virology, Permeability, Blood-Brain Barrier virology, Blood-Brain Barrier metabolism, SARS-CoV-2 physiology, Transcytosis, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2 metabolism, Pericytes virology, Pericytes metabolism, COVID-19 virology, COVID-19 metabolism, Virus Internalization, Astrocytes virology, Astrocytes metabolism, Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 metabolism
- Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 primarily infects the lungs via the ACE2 receptor but also other organs including the kidneys, the gastrointestinal tract, the heart, and the skin. SARS-CoV-2 also infects the brain, but the hematogenous route of viral entry to the brain is still not fully characterized. Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 traverses the blood-brain barrier (BBB) as well as how it affects the molecular functions of the BBB are unclear. In this study, we investigated the roles of the receptors ACE2 and DPP4 in the SARS-CoV-2 infection of the discrete cellular components of a transwell BBB model comprising HUVECs, astrocytes, and pericytes. Our results demonstrate that direct infection on the BBB model does not modulate paracellular permeability. Also, our results show that SARS-CoV-2 utilizes clathrin and caveolin-mediated endocytosis to traverse the BBB, resulting in the direct infection of the brain side of the BBB model with a minimal endothelial infection. In conclusion, the BBB is susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection in multiple ways, including the direct infection of endothelium, astrocytes, and pericytes involving ACE2 and/or DPP4 and the blood-to-brain transcytosis, which is an event that does not require the presence of host receptors.
- Published
- 2024
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34. Objective assessment of fatigue among aviation personnel using a bio-mathematical model: An experimental study.
- Author
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Mohapatra SS, Sinha B, Tripathy NK, and Ghosh D
- Abstract
Background: There are many subjective and objective tools to detect, assess, and quantify fatigue. This study is a novice attempt to assess the occupational fatigue among the aviation personnel employing a computerized work-rest schedule tool integrated with actigraphy., Methods: Thirty-eight aviation personnel were assessed for their sleep by using an actigraphy device. A work-rest scheduling software program called Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) was used to obtain fatigue parameters like Fatigue Risk Time (FRT), Fatigue Free Time (FFT), and Fatigue Free Occupational Time (FFOT)., Results: The percentages of crew having a night sleep of the duration of more than 6 hours were 50% (Mon), 44.7% (Tue), 44.7% (Wed), and 47.3% (Thu) for weekdays and 65.8% (Fri), 57.9% (Sat), and 57.9% (Sun) for the weekend. There was a gradual increase in FRT, FFT, and FFOT from Day 1 to Day 5 of the week, and the differences were statistically significant., Conclusion: Increase in the FRT with a reciprocal drop of FFT and FFOT was observed with the progress of the week. Total Sleep Time (TST) of less than 8 hours could be the reason for a gradual increase in sleep debt, leading to fatigue depicted as increase in fatigue risk parameter FRT and gradual decrease in fatigue preventing parameters like FFT and FFOT. It was further confirmed by regression analysis in which TST was found to be a statistically significant predictor for all fatigue parameters. Regression equation for FFOT as 498.53 + (0.39 x TST) - (58.8 x Day of the week) can be used., (© 2022 Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India Pvt. Ltd.)
- Published
- 2024
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35. Employability assessment of computerized fatigue avoidance tool used with and without actigraphy among naval aircrew.
- Author
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Mohapatra SS, Sarkar R, Promod P, and Anand K
- Abstract
Background: Fatigue Avoidance Scheduling Tool (FAST) is a computerized fatigue prevention tool, which was developed based on a Bio-mathematical model called SAPTE (Sleep, Activity, Performance and Task Effectiveness). Similarly, actigraphy technology is used as a tool for sleep evaluation. This study was an attempt to assess the employability of FAST (both independently and integrated with actigraphy) for detecting operational fatigue by determining the 'Measures for diagnostic accuracy'., Methods: 103 pre-flight medical checks from 51 aircrew were evaluated to detect fatigue both clinically and by using objective measures (FAST and actigraphy integrated FAST). The 'measures of diagnostic accuracy' namely sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), likelihood ratio positive (LR +ve), likelihood ratio negative (LR -ve) and Youden's Index were determined and compared., Results: The diagnostic measures for FAST were: sensitivity (68.4%), specificity (92.8%), PPV (68.4%), NPV (92.8%), LR+ve (9.5), LR-ve (0.34) and Youden's Index (0.61). For actigraphy integrated FAST these values were: sensitivity (84.2%), specificity (96.4%), PPV (94.2%), NPV (94.4%), LR+ve (23.5), LR-ve (0.16) and Youden's Index (0.80)., Conclusion: The increase in sensitivity (from 68.4% to 84.2%), specificity (from 92.8% to 96.4%), PPV (from 68.4% to 94.2%), NPV (92.8% to 94.4%), LR+ve (9.5 to 23.5) and Youden's Index (0.61 to 0.80) indicated that actigraphy integrated FAST is a better screening tool in comparison to the independently employed FAST., Competing Interests: The authors have none to declare., (© 2021 Director General, Armed Forces Medical Services. Published by Elsevier, a division of RELX India Pvt. Ltd.)
- Published
- 2023
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36. An observational study on pedestrian and bicyclist violations at railroad grade crossings: Exploring the impact of geometrical and operational attributes.
- Author
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Vivek AK and Mohapatra SS
- Subjects
- Humans, Accidents, Traffic prevention & control, Risk-Taking, Walking, Safety, Pedestrians, Railroads
- Abstract
Introduction: In order to enhance the existing body of research regarding the prevalence of violations committed by pedestrians and bicyclists, this observational study utilized personal-specific, train-specific, operational, and behavioral data extracted from recorded videos at seven railroad grade crossings (RRGCs)., Method: A total of 7,332 pedestrians and 1,684 bicyclist crossing events were observed during 279 gate operation phases at seven study locations. First, two separate violation models (binary logit) for pedestrians and bicyclists were developed to determine the influence of personal-specific characteristics and other behavioral traits on probability of pedestrians' and bicyclists' violation. Later, the impact of various geometrical (railway track, distance between gates, distance between gate and nearest track, and road width) and operational (train vehicle unit) parameters on the factors that caused non-motorist violations was examined by developing distinctbinary logit models., Results: The probability of pedestrians'and bicyclists' violationwas found to be significantly influenced by train characteristics (train speed and train occupancy time), gate operational attributes (warning time and gate blockage duration), and personal-specificcharacteristics (gender, age, crossing speed, and looking both side). Furthermore, geometrical attributes along with train vehicle unit were observed to have impact over various factors that significantly influenced the behavior of pedestrians and bicyclists to violate., Practical Applications: The findings of this research provide essential information that could be applied in the initiatives of user awareness and enforcement program, emphasis on situational awareness and design of operational and geometricalelementsto significantlylimitthe effects of risky walking andbicycling behavior at RRGCs., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 National Safety Council and Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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37. A mouse model of repeated traumatic brain injury-induced hearing impairment: Early cochlear neurodegeneration in the absence of hair cell loss.
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Penn C, Mayilsamy K, Zhu XX, Bauer MA, Mohapatra SS, Frisina RD, and Mohapatra S
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Cochlea pathology, Disease Models, Animal, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Brain Injuries, Traumatic complications, Hearing Loss etiology
- Abstract
Purpose: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. Mounting evidence suggests that even mild TBI injuries, which comprise >75% of all TBIs, can cause chronic post-concussive neurological symptoms, especially when experienced repetitively (rTBI). The most common post-concussive symptoms include auditory dysfunction in the form of hearing loss, tinnitus, or impaired auditory processing, which can occur even in the absence of direct damage to the auditory system at the time of injury. The mechanism by which indirect damage causes loss of auditory function is poorly understood, and treatment is currently limited to symptom management rather than preventative care. We reasoned that secondary injury mechanisms, such as inflammation, may lead to damage of the inner ear and parts of the brain used for hearing after rTBI. Herein, we established a model of indirect damage to the auditory system induced by rTBI and characterized the pathology of hearing loss., Methods: We established a mouse model of rTBI in order to determine a timeline of auditory pathology following multiple mild injuries. Mice were subject to controlled cortical impact at the skull midline once every 48 h, for a total of 5 hits. Auditory function was assessed via the auditory brainstem response (ABR) at various timepoints post injury. Brain and cochleae were collected to establish a timeline of cellular pathology., Results: We observed increased ABR thresholds and decreased (ABR) P1 amplitudes in rTBI vs sham animals at 14 days post-impact (dpi). This effect persisted for up to 60 days (dpi). Auditory temporal processing was impaired beginning at 30 dpi. Spiral ganglion degeneration was evident at 14 dpi. No loss of hair cells was detected at this time, suggesting that neuronal loss is one of the earliest notable events in hearing loss caused by this type of rTBI., Conclusions: We conclude that rTBI results in chronic auditory dysfunction via damage to the spiral ganglion which occurs in the absence of any reduction in hair cell number. This suggests early neuronal damage that may be caused by systemic mechanisms similar to those leading to the spread of neuronal death in the brain following TBI. This TBI-hearing loss model provides an important first step towards identifying therapeutic targets to attenuate damage to the auditory system following head injury., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the research described in this paper., (Copyright © 2023. Published by Elsevier B.V.)
- Published
- 2023
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38. Acetate-encapsulated Linolenic Acid Liposomes Reduce SARS-CoV-2 and RSV Infection.
- Author
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McGill AR, Markoutsa E, Mayilsamy K, Green R, Sivakumar K, Mohapatra S, and Mohapatra SS
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, SARS-CoV-2, Liposomes, alpha-Linolenic Acid therapeutic use, Molecular Docking Simulation, Antiviral Agents pharmacology, Antiviral Agents therapeutic use, Acetates, COVID-19, Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections, Respiratory Syncytial Virus, Human
- Abstract
Emergent Coronaviridae viruses, such as SARS-CoV-1 in 2003, MERS-CoV in 2012, and SARS-CoV-2 (CoV-2) in 2019, have caused millions of deaths. These viruses have added to the existing respiratory infection burden along with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza. There are limited therapies for respiratory viruses, with broad-spectrum treatment remaining an unmet need. Since gut fermentation of fiber produces short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) with antiviral potential, developing a fatty acid-based broad-spectrum antiviral was investigated. Molecular docking of fatty acids showed α-linolenic acid (ALA) is likely to interact with CoV-2-S, NL63-CoV-S, and RSV-F, and an ALA-containing liposome interacted with CoV-2 directly, degrading the particle. Furthermore, a combination of ALA and a SCFA-acetate synergistically inhibited CoV2-N expression and significantly reduced viral plaque formation and IL-6 and IL-1β transcript expression in Calu-3 cells, while increasing the expression of IFN-β. A similar effect was also observed in RSV-infected A549 cells. Moreover, mice infected with a murine-adapted SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) and treated with an ALA-liposome encapsulating acetate showed significant reductions in plaque-forming units present in lung tissue and in infection-associated lung inflammation and cytokines. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the ALA liposome-encapsulating acetate can be a promising broad antiviral therapy against respiratory infections.
- Published
- 2023
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39. Withaferin A Increases the Effectiveness of Immune Checkpoint Blocker for the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer.
- Author
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Khalil R, Green RJ, Sivakumar K, Varandani P, Bharadwaj S, Mohapatra SS, and Mohapatra S
- Abstract
Treatment of late-stage lung cancers remains challenging with a five-year survival rate of 8%. Immune checkpoint blockers (ICBs) revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by reactivating anti-tumor immunity. Despite achieving durable responses, ICBs are effective in only 20% of patients due to immune resistance. Therefore, synergistic combinatorial approaches that overcome immune resistance are currently under investigation. Herein, we studied the immunomodulatory role of Withaferin A (WFA)-a herbal compound-and its effectiveness in combination with an ICB for the treatment of NSCLC. Our in vitro results show that WFA induces immunogenic cell death (ICD) in NSCLC cell lines and increases expression of the programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1). The administration of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), a reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, abrogated WFA-induced ICD and PD-L1 upregulation, suggesting the involvement of ROS in this process. Further, we found that a combination of WFA and α-PD-L1 significantly reduced tumor growth in an immunocompetent tumor model. Our results showed that WFA increases CD-8 T-cells and reduces immunosuppressive cells infiltrating the tumor microenvironment. Administration of NAC partially inhibited the anti-tumor response of the combination regimen. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that WFA sensitizes NSCLC to α-PD-L1 in part via activation of ROS.
- Published
- 2023
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40. Multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT): Monitoring neurovascular changes in a mouse repetitive traumatic brain injury model.
- Author
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Penn C, Katnik C, Cuevas J, Mohapatra SS, and Mohapatra S
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Tomography methods, Tomography, X-Ray Computed, Disease Models, Animal, Hemoglobins, Photoacoustic Techniques methods, Brain Injuries, Traumatic
- Abstract
Background: Evidence suggests that mild TBI injuries, which comprise > 75% of all TBIs, can cause chronic post-concussive symptoms, especially when experienced repetitively (rTBI). rTBI is a major cause of cognitive deficit in athletes and military personnel and is associated with neurovascular changes. Current methods to monitor neurovascular changes in detail are prohibitively expensive and invasive for patients with mild injuries., New Method: We evaluated the potential of multispectral optoacoustic tomography (MSOT) to monitor neurovascular changes and assess therapeutic strategies in a mouse model of rTBI. Mice were subjected to rTBI or sham via controlled cortical impact and administered pioglitazone (PG) or vehicle. Oxygenated and deoxygenated hemoglobin were monitored using MSOT. Indocyanine green clearance was imaged via MSOT to evaluate blood-brain-barrier (BBB) integrity., Results: Mice subjected to rTBI show a transient increase in oxygenated/total hemoglobin ratio which can be mitigated by PG administration. rTBI mice also show BBB disruption shortly after injury and reduction of oxygenated/total hemoglobin in the chronic stage, neither of which were affected by PG intervention., Comparison With Existing Methods: MSOT imaging has the potential as a noninvasive in vivo imaging method to monitor neurovascular changes and assess therapeutics in mouse models of rTBI. In comparison to standard methods of tracking inflammation and BBB disruption, MSOT can be used multiple times throughout the course of injury without the need for surgery. Thus, MSOT is especially useful in research of rTBI models for screening therapeutics, and with further technological improvements may be extended for use in rTBI patients., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the research described in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2023
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41. Impact of nanoparticles on amyloid β-induced Alzheimer's disease, tuberculosis, leprosy and cancer: a systematic review.
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Chakraborty A, Mohapatra SS, Barik S, Roy I, Gupta B, and Biswas A
- Subjects
- Humans, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Drug Carriers, Alzheimer Disease drug therapy, Nanoparticles chemistry, Tuberculosis, Neoplasms drug therapy, Leprosy
- Abstract
Nanotechnology is an interdisciplinary domain of science, technology and engineering that deals with nano-sized materials/particles. Usually, the size of nanoparticles lies between 1 and 100 nm. Due to their small size and large surface area-to-volume ratio, nanoparticles exhibit high reactivity, greater stability and adsorption capacity. These important physicochemical properties attract scientific community to utilize them in biomedical field. Various types of nanoparticles (inorganic and organic) have broad applications in medical field ranging from imaging to gene therapy. These are also effective drug carriers. In recent times, nanoparticles are utilized to circumvent different treatment limitations. For example, the ability of nanoparticles to cross the blood-brain barrier and having a certain degree of specificity towards amyloid deposits makes themselves important candidates for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Furthermore, nanotechnology has been used extensively to overcome several pertinent issues like drug-resistance phenomenon, side effects of conventional drugs and targeted drug delivery issue in leprosy, tuberculosis and cancer. Thus, in this review, the application of different nanoparticles for the treatment of these four important diseases (Alzheimer's disease, tuberculosis, leprosy and cancer) as well as for the effective delivery of drugs used in these diseases has been presented systematically. Although nanoformulations have many advantages over traditional therapeutics for treating these diseases, nanotoxicity is a major concern that has been discussed subsequently. Lastly, we have presented the promising future prospective of nanoparticles as alternative therapeutics. In that section, we have discussed about the futuristic approach(es) that could provide promising candidate(s) for the treatment of these four diseases., (© 2023 The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2023
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42. A Review on Low-Dimensional Nanomaterials: Nanofabrication, Characterization and Applications.
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Paras, Yadav K, Kumar P, Teja DR, Chakraborty S, Chakraborty M, Mohapatra SS, Sahoo A, Chou MMC, Liang CT, and Hang DR
- Abstract
The development of modern cutting-edge technology relies heavily on the huge success and advancement of nanotechnology, in which nanomaterials and nanostructures provide the indispensable material cornerstone. Owing to their nanoscale dimensions with possible quantum limit, nanomaterials and nanostructures possess a high surface-to-volume ratio, rich surface/interface effects, and distinct physical and chemical properties compared with their bulk counterparts, leading to the remarkably expanded horizons of their applications. Depending on their degree of spatial quantization, low-dimensional nanomaterials are generally categorized into nanoparticles (0D); nanorods, nanowires, and nanobelts (1D); and atomically thin layered materials (2D). This review article provides a comprehensive guide to low-dimensional nanomaterials and nanostructures. It begins with the classification of nanomaterials, followed by an inclusive account of nanofabrication and characterization. Both top-down and bottom-up fabrication approaches are discussed in detail. Next, various significant applications of low-dimensional nanomaterials are discussed, such as photonics, sensors, catalysis, energy storage, diverse coatings, and various bioapplications. This article would serve as a quick and facile guide for scientists and engineers working in the field of nanotechnology and nanomaterials.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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43. SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the gene expression profile for Alzheimer's disease risk.
- Author
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Green R, Mayilsamy K, McGill AR, Martinez TE, Chandran B, Blair LJ, Bickford PC, Mohapatra SS, and Mohapatra S
- Abstract
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused over 600,000,000 infections globally thus far. Up to 30% of individuals with mild to severe disease develop long COVID, exhibiting diverse neurologic symptoms including dementias. However, there is a paucity of knowledge of molecular brain markers and whether these can precipitate the onset of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we report the brain gene expression profiles of severe COVID-19 patients showing increased expression of innate immune response genes and genes implicated in AD pathogenesis. The use of a mouse-adapted strain of SARS-CoV-2 (MA10) in an aged mouse model shows evidence of viral neurotropism, prolonged viral infection, increased expression of tau aggregator FKBP51, interferon-inducible gene Ifi204 , and complement genes C4 and C5AR1. Brain histopathology shows AD signatures including increased tau-phosphorylation, tau-oligomerization, and α-synuclein expression in aged MA10 infected mice. The results of gene expression profiling of SARS-CoV-2-infected and AD brains and studies in the MA10 aged mouse model taken together, for the first time provide evidence suggesting that SARS-CoV-2 infection alters expression of genes in the brain associated with the development of AD. Future studies of common molecular markers in SARS-CoV-2 infection and AD could be useful for developing novel therapies targeting AD., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare.
- Published
- 2022
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44. Role of Cannabidiol for Improvement of the Quality of Life in Cancer Patients: Potential and Challenges.
- Author
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Green R, Khalil R, Mohapatra SS, and Mohapatra S
- Subjects
- Animals, Mice, Dronabinol adverse effects, Quality of Life, Pain drug therapy, Cannabidiol therapeutic use, Neoplasms drug therapy, Neoplasms chemically induced
- Abstract
There is currently a growing interest in the use of cannabidiol (CBD) to alleviate the symptoms caused by cancer, including pain, sleep disruption, and anxiety. CBD is often self-administered as an over-the-counter supplement, and patients have reported benefits from its use. However, despite the progress made, the mechanisms underlying CBD's anti-cancer activity remain divergent and unclear. Herein, we provide a comprehensive review of molecular mechanisms to determine convergent anti-cancer actions of CBD from pre-clinical and clinical studies. In vitro studies have begun to elucidate the molecular targets of CBD and provide evidence of CBD's anti-tumor properties in cell and mouse models of cancer. Furthermore, several clinical trials have been completed testing CBD's efficacy in treating cancer-related pain. However, most use a mixture of CBD and the psychoactive, tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), and/or use variable dosing that is not consistent between individual patients. Despite these limitations, significant reductions in pain and opioid use have been reported in cancer patients using CBD or CBD+THC. Additionally, significant improvements in quality-of-life measures and patients' overall satisfaction with their treatment have been reported. Thus, there is growing evidence suggesting that CBD might be useful to improve the overall quality of life of cancer patients by both alleviating cancer symptoms and by synergizing with cancer therapies to improve their efficacy. However, many questions remain unanswered regarding the use of CBD in cancer treatment, including the optimal dose, effective combinations with other drugs, and which biomarkers/clinical presentation of symptoms may guide its use.
- Published
- 2022
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45. Targeting an evolutionarily conserved "E-L-L" motif in spike protein to identify a small molecule fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2.
- Author
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Jana ID, Bhattacharya P, Mayilsamy K, Banerjee S, Bhattacharje G, Das S, Aditya S, Ghosh A, McGill AR, Srikrishnan S, Das AK, Basak A, Mohapatra SS, Chandran B, Bhimsaria D, Mohapatra S, Roy A, and Mondal A
- Abstract
As newer variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to pose major threats to global human health and economy, identifying novel druggable antiviral targets is the key toward sustenance. Here, we identify an evolutionarily conserved "Ex
3 Lx6 L" ("E-L-L") motif present within the HR2 domain of all human and nonhuman coronavirus spike (S) proteins that play a crucial role in stabilizing its postfusion six-helix bundle (6-HB) structure and thus, fusion-mediated viral entry. Mutations within this motif reduce the fusogenicity of the S protein without affecting its stability or membrane localization. We found that posaconazole, an FDA-approved drug, binds to this "E-L-L" motif and impedes the formation of 6-HB, thus effectively inhibiting SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells. While posaconazole exhibits high efficacy in blocking S protein-mediated viral entry, mutations within the "E-L-L" motif rendered the protein completely resistant to the drug, establishing its specificity toward this motif. Our data demonstrate that posaconazole restricts early stages of infection through specific inhibition of membrane fusion and viral genome release into the host cell and is equally effective toward all major variants of concerns of SARS-CoV-2, including Beta, Kappa, Delta, and Omicron. Together, we show that this conserved essential "E-L-L" motif is an ideal target for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2., (© The Author(s) 2022. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of National Academy of Sciences.)- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Ultrafast-UV laser integrating cavity device for inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 and other viruses.
- Author
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Ambardar S, Howell MC Jr, Mayilsamy K, McGill A, Green R, Mohapatra S, Voronine DV, and Mohapatra SS
- Subjects
- Disinfection methods, Humans, Lasers, SARS-CoV-2, Ultraviolet Rays, Virus Inactivation radiation effects, COVID-19, Viruses
- Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) irradiation-based methods used for viral inactivation have provided an important avenue targeting severe acute respiratory-syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. A major problem with state-of-the-art UV inactivation technology is that it is based on UV lamps, which have limited efficiency, require high power, large doses, and long irradiation times. These drawbacks limit the use of UV lamps in air filtering systems and other applications. To address these limitations, herein we report on the fabrication of a device comprising a pulsed nanosecond 266 nm UV laser coupled to an integrating cavity (LIC) composed of a UV reflective material, polytetrafluoroethylene. Previous UV lamp inactivation cavities were based on polished walls with specular reflections, but the diffuse reflective UV ICs were not thoroughly explored for virus inactivation. Our results show that LIC device can inactivate several respiratory viruses including SARS-CoV-2, at ~ 1 ms effective irradiation time, with > 2 orders of magnitude higher efficiency compared to UV lamps. The demonstrated 3 orders of magnitude cavity enhancement relative to direct exposure is crucial for the development of efficient real-time UV air and water purification systems. To the best of our knowledge this is the first demonstration of LIC application for broad viral inactivation with high efficiency., (© 2022. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Primary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the breast: report of a case and literature review.
- Author
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Sharma S, Lobo A, Sharma A, Sampat NY, Kumar M, Kajla R, Mohapatra SS, and Mohanty SK
- Subjects
- Animals, Biopsy, Large-Core Needle, Breast, Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Connective and Soft Tissue, Chondrosarcoma, Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography
- Abstract
Primary extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (pEMC) of the breast is rare and only a few cases have been reported to date. Herein, we report a case of primary EMC of the breast in a 45-year-old female. The patient presented with a left breast mass for 1 month. Mammogram revealed a fairly circumscribed mass with spicules of calcifications. The core biopsy and resection specimen showed a myxoid soft tissue neoplasm with histologic features of a myxoid chondrosarcoma. Necrosis, hemorrhage, and brisk mitotic activity were present. No malignant epithelial element was identified even after extensive sampling. The tumor cells exhibited immunoreactivity for vimentin, S100, neuron specific enolase, CD99, and synaptophysin, while the epithelial, myoepithelial, and mammary lineage-associated markers were negative. As up to 81% of EMC cases harbor t(9;22)(q22;q12), this results in a fusion of EWS RNA-binding protein 1 gene ( EWSR1 ) at 22q12 to the nuclear receptor subfamily 4, group A, member 3 gene at 9q22. A rearrangement involving the EWSR1 locus was detected in our case. Whole body PET-CT did not reveal any other mass. A diagnosis of pEMC was rendered. The patient received six cycles of 5-Fluorouracil, Cyclophosphamide, and Adriamycin. The patient was in clinical and radiologic remission at the last follow-up (18 months post surgery). PET-CT and brain MRI were negative. In conclusion, surgical pathologists should include EMC in their differential while dealing with a myxoid soft tissue lesion of the breast, particularly in the core needle biopsies. An expeditious diagnosis of EMC of the breast would allow the surgeon to carry out conservative breast surgery instead of more radical approaches taken in cases of other primary malignant mammary neoplasms., (Copyright © 2022 Società Italiana di Anatomia Patologica e Citopatologia Diagnostica, Divisione Italiana della International Academy of Pathology.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Chronic Kidney Disease Presenting With Brown Tumors in the Mandible.
- Author
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Singh S, Padhy SK, Mohapatra SS, Panda A, and Shahi P
- Abstract
A 45-year-old man with stage 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD) on controlled dialysis presented with right-sided painful jaw swelling and protruding into the oral cavity for one year. Examination revealed a 3 x 2.5-cm hard, fixed, and tender swelling of the right mandible. Imaging showed expansile radiolucent lesions in bilateral retromolar regions of the mandible, local destruction of the basal bone, and diffuse osteopenia of the skull. Laboratory investigations revealed elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH), elevated serum calcium, normal serum phosphorous, and elevated alkaline phosphatase (ALP). A provisional diagnosis of tertiary hyperparathyroidism (HPT) causing brown tumors was made, which was confirmed on histopathology. Surgical removal of the lesion and subtotal parathyroidectomy were done followed by cinacalcet and controlled dialysis. This case report highlights the possibility of encountering multiple focal brown tumors in a patient and the importance of their differentiation from malignancy., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2022, Singh et al.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Targeting an evolutionarily conserved "E-L-L" motif in the spike protein to develop a small molecule fusion inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2.
- Author
-
Jana ID, Bhattacharya P, Mayilsamy K, Banerjee S, Bhattacharje G, Das S, Aditya S, Ghosh A, McGill AR, Srikrishnan S, Das AK, Basak A, Mohapatra SS, Chandran B, Bhimsaria D, Mohapatra S, Roy A, and Mondal A
- Abstract
As newer variants of SARS-CoV-2 continue to pose major threats to global human health and economy, identifying novel druggable antiviral targets is the key towards sustenance. Here, we identify an evolutionary conserved E-L-L motif present within the HR2 domain of all human and non-human coronavirus spike (S) proteins that play a crucial role in stabilizing the post-fusion six-helix bundle (6-HB) structure and thus, fusion-mediated viral entry. Mutations within this motif reduce the fusogenicity of the S protein without affecting its stability or membrane localization. We found that posaconazole, an FDA-approved drug, binds to this E-L-L motif resulting in effective inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 infection in cells. While posaconazole exhibits high efficacy towards blocking S protein-mediated viral entry, mutations within the E-L-L motif rendered the protein completely resistant to the drug, establishing its specificity towards this motif. Our data demonstrate that posaconazole restricts early stages of infection through specific inhibition of membrane fusion and viral genome release into the host cell and is equally effective towards all major variants of concerns of SARS-CoV-2 including beta, kappa, delta, and omicron. Together, we show that this conserved essential E-L-L motif is an ideal target for the development of prophylactic and therapeutic interventions against SARS-CoV-2.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy for microorganisms discrimination on silver nanoparticle substrates.
- Author
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Yilmaz H, Mohapatra SS, and Culha M
- Subjects
- Escherichia coli, Spectrum Analysis, Raman, Staphylococcus aureus, Metal Nanoparticles, Silver
- Abstract
Extracting molecular level label-free information from complex biological processes for a range of purposes including disease diagnosis and microbial identification and discrimination is always a challenging task. This is mostly due to lack of a technique providing rich molecular information with a high spatial and temporal resolution properties. Two surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopic (SEVS) techniques, surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS), are recently attracting considerable attention to study biosystems at an interface since they can satisfy these requirements to a certain level by providing rich intrinsic molecular information from molecules and molecular systems in a close proximity of nanostructured noble metal surfaces. In this study, these two surface-enhanced vibrational spectroscopic techniques are comparatively evaluated for the discrimination and identification of Candida albicans (C. albicans), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) by paying attention to the source of the observed spectral pattern. The citrate-reduced colloidal silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were used as substrates. The results show that the SEIRAS provides very rich molecular information about the biomolecular species adsorbed onto AgNPs similar to the case of SERS. The discrimination power of SEIRAS is much improved compared to FTIR demonstrated by PCA analysis. This study suggests that SEIRAS can be a potential technique for microbial analysis., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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