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Titanium dioxide (TiO2) was utilized in photocatalysis applications due to their non- toxic, cheap and high photocatalytic activity. However, its photocatalytic reaction is limited by low surface area as well as the rapid recombination of photogenerated electron-hole pairs and only has ability to absorb a small fraction (2) nanocomposite photocatalyst was synthesized using hydrothermal method. The synthesised photocatalyst was characterized by using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Brunauer, Emmett, teller (BET) and UV- Visible Spectroscopy. Spectra obtained from FTIR have proved that there are existence of O-H stretching, O-H vibration and metal-O bond that correlates to the functional groups of the samples. As affirmed by XRD analysis, highly crystalline rutile TiO2 phase was obtained for pure TiO2 samples. Rutile TiO2 phase is remained and additional peaks belong to copper oxide was observed for CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst sample. This finding suggesting that copper oxide was successfully loaded onto TiO2. Morphological study from SEM shows the presence of short rod-like particles of copper oxide and agglomerated TiO2 bulk particles. BET surface area for CuO, TiO2 and CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalysts were 20.50 m2/g, 15.26 m2/g and 17.13 m2/g, respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) was found to be 85.0% using CuO/TiO2 nanocomposite photocatalyst, which is better than pure TiO2 and pure CuO after 3 hours reaction.

Three-dimensional (3D) nanocomposite scaffold is an important material for biomedical application owing to their compatibility and effectiveness compared with other types of nanocomposites. In this research, a unique 3D nanocomposite scaffold based on carrageenan biopolymer incorporating titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes (TiO2NTs) was successfully developed. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray powder diffraction were employed to investigate the intermolecular interaction and phase structure of the fabricated 3D TiO2NT-incorporated carrageenan (TiO2NT/CG) nanocomposite scaffold. The ability of 3D TiO2NT/CG nanocomposite scaffold for wound healing was tested in vitro and in vivo. The in vitro study on 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells demonstrated that the number of cells increased up to 190 000 per well. Meanwhile, in vivo studies on Sprague Dawley rat exhibited that a 100% cure rate of wounds was observed after 14 days. These are attributed to the presence of ∼10 nm TiO2NTs that are homogeneously distributed onto the scaffold, as proven by scanning electron microscopy. The TiO2NTs promote wound healing by generating reactive oxygen species to induce the fibroblast growth factor and for the formation of a new extracellular matrix. The interconnected porous structure and rough surface of the 3D titanium dioxide/CG nanocomposite scaffold also support cell proliferation to expedite wound healing, thus offering a good candidate for wound-dressing application.

Membrane technology is important in industrial wastewater and water treatment. Recently, the polymeric membrane technology is widely chosen in these applications. However, they are lowtemperature ranges, low corrosion resistance, and low lifespan. Thus, researchers are actively trying to develop a better membrane technology such as natural clay ceramic membrane due to their excellent in chemical, mechanical and thermal resistance, high-pressure application and long lifespan. This detailed review compiles through the literature of current scientific research over the last ten years. Its highlights the key findings of factors in the fabrication of natural clay ceramic membrane that contributed to its properties. This review article presented an outline of the advantages, disadvantages, and how to overcome the disadvantages, structure, and preparation of ceramic membrane, including method, raw materials, drying and sintering temperature. The review confirmed that the sintering temperature, the composition of raw materials and pore-forming agent are significantly enhanced the mechanical strength and porosity of the natural clay ceramic membrane. However, further development and modification of the natural clay ceramic membrane technology and their applications to treat different environmental pollutants is still necessary.

Al2O3-TiO2-graphite nanocomposite can be used as alternative material for coating application. Fine composite coating particles is commonly produced by milling in a high energy ball milling. This study focused on evaluate the effects on the structural, microstructural and physical properties of Al2O3-TiO2-graphite nanocomposite. The alumina, titania and graphite powder were milled in a planetary ball mill at 2, 4, 8 and 10 h and 200, 250 and 300 rpm. The composite particles was compacted for green density determination. The phase analysis and microstructure of nanocomposite were characterized using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). Increasing milling time and milling speed contributes to a small solubility between Al2O3 and TiO2. Increasing milling time and speed decreased the Al2O3 crystallite and internal strain increased as a result of continuous impact on the powder and repeated collision between powder and the wall container. Higher milling time and speed produce finer and flaky shape of Al2O3-TiO2-graphite particles which then affects the green density of the composite.

The synthesized titanium dioxide nanotubes (TiO2-NTs) were emerged as wound healing enhancer as well as exhibited significant wound healing activity on Sprague Dawley rats. In our present study, the blends of GG and TiO2-NTs bio-nanocomposite film was characterised by fourier transform infrared (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis, atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphology of TiO2-NTs was investigated using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The mechanical properties study shows that the GG + TiO2-NTs (20 w/w %) bio-nanocomposite film possessed the highest tensile strength and young modulus which are (4.56 ± 0.15) MPa and (68 ± 1.63) MPa, respectively. GG + TiO2-NTs (20 w/w %) also displays the highest antibacterial activity with (16 ± 0.06) mm, (16 ± 0.06) mm, (14 ± 0.06) mm, and (12 ± 0.25) mm inhibition zone were recorded against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus, Escherichia coli, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The prepared bio-nanocomposite films have good biocompatibility against 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells and caused accelerated healing of open excision type wounds on Sprague Dawley rat model. The synergistic effects of bio-nanocomposite film like good swelling and WVTR properties, excellent hydrophilic nature, biocompatibility, wound appearance and wound closure rate through in vivo test makes it a suitable candidate for wound healing applications.

In this study, a series of copper-ion-doped titanium dioxide (Cu-ion-doped TiO₂) nanotubes (NTs) were synthesized via a hydrothermal method by the concentration variation of doped Cu ions (0.00, 0.50, 1.00, 2.50, and 5.00 mmol). In addition, the samples were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), nitrogen gas adsorption measurements, and ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) diffuse-reflectance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of the Cu-iondoped TiO₂ NTs was investigated for the degradation of methyl orange (MO) under sunlight. The results obtained from the structural and morphological studies revealed that, at low concentrations of Cu-doped TiO₂ NTs, Cu is incorporated into the interstitial positions of the TiO₂ lattice, affording a new phase of TiO₂ (hexagonal) instead of the anatase TiO₂ (tetragonal) observed for undoped TiO₂ NTs. EDX analysis confirmed the presence of Cu in the TiO₂-based photocatalyst. All of the investigated samples exhibited a hollow fibrous-like structure, indicative of an NT morphology. The inner and outer diameters of the NTs were 4 nm and 10 nm, respectively. The photocatalysts exhibited a large surface area due to the NT morphology and a type IV isotherm and H3 hysteresis, corresponding to the mesopores and slit-shaped pores. The Cu-ion-doped TiO₂ NTs were excited by sunlight because of their low bandgap energy; and after the incorporation of Cu ions into the interstitial positions of the TiO₂ lattice, the NTs exhibited high visible-light activity owing to the low bandgap.

In this study, functionalized-MWCNTs with 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) loaded titania nanoparticles (MWCNTs-APTES-TiO2) were prepared to investigate their physicochemical properties and photocatalytic activity for methyl orange (MO) degradation. The TiO2 nanoparticles, functionalized-MNCNT and composite powders were characterized by XRD, raman, and TEM. The results obtained proved that titania (TiO2) nanoparticles was successfully loaded on APTES-MWCNTs. For application, MWCNTs-APTES-TiO2 composites were used as photocatalyst for degradation of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous solution under UV light irradiation and the result shows that 87% MO was degraded after 180 min. Kinetic analysis indicated that photocatalytic degradation of MO solution by MWCNTs-APTES-TiO2 obeyed second-order kinetic model (R2 > 0.95), supported by half-life equations and graph. Because of the presence of carbon nanotubes accelerated the degradation of methyl orange due to inhibition of electron-hole recombination, the formation of additional hydroxyl radicals and functional groups of the latter had an inhibitory effect on the degradation of methyl orange. This study suggested the MWCNTs-APTES-TiO2 nanocomposite has considerable potential as environmental photocatalyst due to higher degradation rate as compared to bare TiO2. Keywords: Photocatalyst, Titanium dioxide, Multi-walled carbon nanotubes, Methyl orange, Degradation

The aim of this work was to develop bionanocomposite films based biopolymer GG and TiO2-NRs for active food packaging. The TiO2-NRs were incorporated as antimicrobials agent into GG via solvent casting method. The films appearance was have 94 % of transparency. SEM micrographs indicate that the TiO2-NRs were successfully incorporated and attached to the surface of developed GG films. FTIR results revealed the interaction between TiO2-NRs and hydroxyl group of GG polymer. XRD results showed the crystalline peaks of TiO2-NRs and amorphous peaks of GG+TiO2-NRs films. The thermal stability of GG films were increasing by incorporation of TiO2-NRs materials. The GG+TiO2-NRs films showed good antibacterial activity against Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Streptococcus (strep.)) and Gram-negative (Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa)) and potentially used as antibacterial packaging films.

The demand for wound care products, especially advanced and active wound care products is huge. In this study, gellan gum (GG) and virgin coconut oil (VCO) were utilized to develop microemulsion-based hydrogel for wound dressing materials. A ternary phase diagram was constructed to obtain an optimized ratio of VCO, water, and surfactant to produce VCO microemulsion. The VCO microemulsion was incorporated into gellan gum (GG) hydrogel (GVCO) and their chemical interaction, mechanical performance, physical properties, and thermal behavior were examined. The stress-at-break (σ) and Young’s modulus (YM) of GVCO hydrogel films were increased along with thermal behavior with the inclusion of VCO microemulsion. The swelling degree of GVCO hydrogel decreased as the VCO microemulsion increased and the water vapor transmission rate of GVCO hydrogels was comparable to commercial dressing in the range of 332–391 g m−2 d−1. The qualitative antibacterial activities do not show any inhibition against Gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria. In vivo studies on Sprague–Dawley rats show the wound contraction of GVCO hydrogel is best (95 ± 2%) after the 14th day compared to a commercial dressing of Smith and Nephew Opsite post-op waterproof dressing, and this result is supported by the ultrasound images of wound skin and histological evaluation of the wound. The findings suggest that GVCO hydrogel has the potential to be developed as a biomedical material.

Flower-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructures are successfully synthesized using a hybrid sol-gel and a simple hydrothermal method. The sample was characterized using various techniques to study their physicochemical properties and was tested as a photocatalyst for methyl orange degradation and as an antibacterial material. Raman spectrum and X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern show that the phase structure of the synthesized TiO2 is anatase with 80-100 nm in diameter and 150–200 nm in length of flower-like nanostructures as proved by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). The energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis of flower-like anatase TiO2 nanostructure found that only titanium and oxygen elements are present in the sample. The anatase phase was confirmed further by a high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern analysis. The Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) result shows that the sample had a large surface area (108.24 m2/g) and large band gap energy (3.26 eV) due to their nanosize. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis revealed the formation of Ti4+ and Ti3+ species which could prevent the recombination of the photogenerated electron, thus increased the electron transportation and photocatalytic activity of flower-like anatase TiO2 nanostructure to degrade the methyl orange (83.03%) in a short time (60 minutes). These properties also support the good performance of flower-like titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanostructure as an antibacterial material which is comparable with penicillin which is 13.00 ± 0.02 mm inhibition zone against Staphylococcus aureus.

Methyl orange is one of the anionic dyes and is a major pollutant from textile industry that enters both aquatic and atmospheric systems. In this research, methyl orange was degraded using TiO2 powder and immobilized TiO2 on glass. Titanium tetra-isopropoxide (TTIP) was used for preparation of TiO2 powder using soft chemistry method, and it was immobilized on glass via paste-gel coating method. The prepared photocatalysts were characterized by XRD and SEM. Highly crystalline anatase TiO2 powder photocatalyst was obtained. Meanwhile, immobilized TiO2 was less crystalline and agglomerated onto the glass surface. TiO2 powder had higher degradation rate (71%) compared to immobilized TiO2 (52%) due to its chemical stability and larger amount of photocatalyst contacted with methyl orange during the degradation process.

A series of norfloxacin-loaded films were fabricated by combining with gellan gum (GG) using evaporative casting technique. The films were evaluated in terms of morphological, water vapour transmission rates (WVTR), water uptake, release study and antibacterial study. The prepared films contained smooth appearance of cross-section distributed by good film of materials. The results indicated that the film swelling were increased at higher concentration of norfloxacin loaded, however decreased the WVTR properties. All films showed almost 100 % of drug release within 5 - 20 minutes. It was found that, the antibacterial activity was directly proportional to the release rate which is at higher concentration of norfloxacin resulted in stronger antibacterial properties.

The seafood processing industry is bringing in a lot of waste every year around the world However crustacean rsquo s residues contain valuable compounds such as calcium carbonate that could potentially be used as a sunscreen Thus Polymesoda erosa shells were discovered and calcium carbonate was synthesized for the use in dermal applications The properties of Polymesoda erosa shells have been characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Ray FTIR and Cytotoxicity tests Emulsions were formulated and tested on Visible Ultraviolet UV Vis Spectroscopy The results showed the shells that were dissolved with MnCl portrayed a higher tendency to be sun protective than FeO and the unmodified shell Therefore the use of waste from Polymesoda shells will not only add value to the by products but also help reduce environmental Therefore the formulation of emulsions synthesized from crustacean rsquo s shells is designed as a new hybrid in cosmetics products and improves the skin s protective efficacy against UV rays

Fish processing industry has led to large amounts of waste every year around the world. However, waste from the fish bone contains valuable compound such as hydroxyapatite (HAp). Fish bones are natural resources and have an attractive added value which contains HAp that can potentially be used as hybrid sunscreen. Therefore, Fringescale sardinella (Valenciennes, 1847) bones have been discovered and HAp was synthesized to be applied in cosmeceuticals applications. The properties of HAp from Fringescale sardinella bones have been characterized with Fourier Transform Infrared Ray (FTIR) and Cytotoxicity test. The emulsions have been formulated and tested under Ultraviolet Visible (UV-Vis) Spectroscopy. Results had indicated that fish bones doped with FeCl2 shows higher tendency as sunscreen compared to MnCl2 and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from fish bones will not only adding value to the by-products, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preventing from global warming. Hence, formulation on emulsion synthesized from fish bone is designed as a new hybrid innovation in cosmeceutical products and boost up the efficiency of skin prevention from UV radiation.

Nanostructures materials have become the main attraction for material researchers for the last five decades due to their contributions to different disciplines such as environment, electronics, photonics, medicine, etc. Various kinds of nanomaterials have been developed and are currently utilized in innumerable applications. Here, we provide a brief overview of the concept of nanostructures materials and their laboratory-scale processing. Nanostructure materials of TiO2 were chosen to be the example to discuss in detail in terms of types of nanostructures, their synthesis methods, and characterization techniques. This chapter will be useful/attractive for beginners in the field of nanostructured materials as well as for experts who are dealing with titanium dioxide (TiO2).

Carbon dioxide (CO2) emission from fossil fuel utilization poses a potential thread to global climate. Recent development in CO2 reduction opens up new possibilities of utilization of CO2 as a carbon feedstock for fuel generation and commodity chemicals. In this research, TiO2-based photocatalysts have been extensively investigated for the CO2 photoreduction into hydrocarbons in aqueous solutions under environmental conditions to understand their reduction activity and selectivity. The physiochemical properties of the photocatalysts were ...

One-pot synthetic method was adopted to prepare three isomers 4-(ortho-fluorophenyl)thiosemi- carbazide), 4-(meta-fluorophenyl)thiosemicarbazide and 4-(para-fluorophenyl)thiosemicarbazide. The products were obtained in ethanolic solution from a reaction between ortho, meta and para derivatives of fluorophenyl isothiocyanate and hydrazine hydrate. This work presents the theoretical Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital-Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) computational data through Gaussview 5.0.9 and Gaussian09 software. Experimental Cole-cole plot for conductivity determination was also illustrated. The present data is important to manipulate the properties of compounds according to the position of a fluorine atom.

Gellan gum incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles biofilm was synthesized and characterized using UV, FTIR and XRD to study their physical and chemical properties. The mechanical properties were measured using universal mechanical testing. Meanwhile, the biological properties were investigated towards for antibacterial and cell proliferation. This comprehensive data are relevant with the research article entitled “Gellan gum incorporating titanium dioxide nanoparticles biofilm as wound dressing: Physicochemical, mechanical, antibacterial properties and wound healing studies” [1].

Bio-nanocomposite interpenetrating polymer networks (IPN) have gained great attention in the last decades, mainly due to their biomedical applications. This chapter is an overview of the recent design and modification of bio-nanocomposite IPN and their applications as wound dressing. Prior to that, the introduction of biopolymers, polysaccharide biopolymer, composite and nanocomposite, as well as bio-nanocomposite was presented. Bio-nanocomposite IPN based on polysaccharide biopolymer (chitosan, cellulose, and gellan gum) was discussed in detail regarding their preparation methods, physiochemical properties, and performance as wound dressing for skin tissue regeneration.

Fringescalesardinella or TambanSisik bones have been discovered can be utilized as sunscreen agent in cosmeceuticals. Its flesh is the main ingredient in keropoklekor or fish crackers in Malaysia and the bones contained very high hydroxyapatite (HAp), (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2) compound which exhibit as UV light absorber. The percentage yields obtained from the hydrothermal extraction consist of 41.2 ± 0.66 % (w/w) of HApwhich was almost half of the dry weight of 100 g samples.The additional of manganeseand ferum,initiated the novel sunscreen materials from hydroxyapatite-Fe and hydroxyapatite-Mn doped (modified bones). The unmodified HAp recorded with SPF 20 and modified HAp-Mn measured with SPF 40. Modified HAp-Fe emulsions were recorded with SPF 50 as the highest SPF value. Therefore, the bones have been characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Radiation (FTIR)spectroscopy and x-Ray diffraction (XRD).The results obtained clearly indicated that the HAp existence in waste of Fringescalesardinella bones with addition of FeCl2which exhibits high potential as sunscreen compared to manganese and unmodified bones. Thus, the utilization of waste from the fish bones not only produce value-added products from low-cost resources, but also help in reducing pollution to the environment and preserved the global sustainability.

Novel gellan gum incorporated TiO2 nanotubes (GG+TiO2-NT) film was successfully fabricated using solvent casting method for skin tissue engineering. The physicochemical properties of the film was investigated by FTIR, XRD and SEM. FTIR studies show the existence of interactions between TiO2 nanotubes and GG polymer matrix. XRD analysis revealed that the film was in amorphous state and the presence of TiO2 nanotubes on the surface of film was proved by SEM images. Cell proliferation studies demonstrated that, no sign of toxicity and the number of cells were found to be increased, thus exhibiting an ideal characteristic in skin tissue engineering applications.

New compound, namely (Z)-1-[4-(trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide was successfully synthesized using thiosemicarbazide with 4-(trifluoromethyl)-benzaldehyde in ethanol solution. The data presented in this articles is related to our research articles entitled “Crystal Structure of (Z)-1-[4-(Trifluoromethyl)benzylidene]thiosemicarbazide” (Osman et al., 2017) [1]. This work shows the continue data from experimental spectroscopic measurement which are Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (13C NMR). Assessment on the correlation with theoretical computational data was also carried out through GaussView 5.0.9 and Gaussian09 software. Molecular Electrostatic Potential (MEP) and Highest Occupied Molecular Orbital–Lowest Unoccupied Molecular Orbital (HOMO-LUMO) were also illustrated. Keywords: Synthesis, Thiosemicarbazide, DFT, Gaussian

Copper oxide (CuO) loaded titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube photocatalyst was synthesised using the facile hydrothermal method. The synthesised photocatalyst were characterised by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning microscopy (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) to study their physiochemical properties. The photocatalytic activity of the photocatalysts was tested for carbon dioxide (CO2) photoconversion into fuels. CuO loaded TiO2 nanotube demonstrated higher CO2 conversion (100%) than TiO2 nanotube (72.20%) because of the former’s effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs in the presence of CuO.

Manganese substituted iron titanate was successfully synthesized and characterized by x-ray diffraction and Fourier transformed infra-red to investigate the composition and to identify the chemical compound of this unique architecture. The materials were tested for adsorption of remazol brilliant blue R (RBBR) aqueous solution. The adsorptions were investigated at different pH which are pH 3, 4, dye concentration and manganese substituted iron titanate dosage. It was found that synthesized manganese substituted iron titanate particles can adsorbed 99% of 100 ppm RBBR dye at pH 2.

Organic compound containing thiosemicarbazide moiety has been successfully synthesized. The new synthesized dyes, N-(3-(Trifluoromethylbenzaldehyde)benzylidine thiosemi- carbazide (3-TFT) was characterized by spectroscopic technique namely, CHNS elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infra-Red analysis (FT-IR), UV-Visible analysis (UV-Vis),1H and13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR). The thin films of this dye have been prepared using a spin coating technique and deposited on indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrate. The main highlight was an electrical conductivity of thin films which was measured using four point probing system in a range of light intensity, 25 Wm-2until 200Wm-2. The potential electrical conductivity of 3-TFT dye was found gradually increased until reached the maximum conductivity values of 0.1489 Scm-1at light intensity of 100 Wm-2in the most diluted concentration at 1x10-5M.

In this study, epoxy filled 1, 3, and 5 years old bamboo with different compositions of Salacca zalacca fruit skin powder was prepared by mixing and compression molding. Phase identification of raw Salacca zalacca fruit skin powder was determined using X-ray diffraction and the characterized properties of composite were density, modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), water absorption and thickness swelling. The result showed untreated Salacca zalacca fruit skin composed of crystalline and amorphous cellulose and it presence facilitate the wetting abilities between epoxy and bamboo. Different ages of bamboo had influenced the properties of bamboo since very young (1 year) has weaker properties than old age (3 and 5 years). Bamboo with 3 and 5 years old tend to produce better physical and mechanical properties. Increasing bamboo fiber content in epoxy-hybrid composite containing bamboo fiber and Salacca zalacca fruit skin powder leads to a decrease of density and an increase of water absorption, thickness swelling and flexural properties

This study describes a simple green one-pot synthesis of the Palladium Nanocatalyst (PdNC) using the crude extract of a seaweed Saragassum cervicorne (S. cervicorne). The formation of PdNC was monitored by Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. The characteristic functional groups of phytochemicals in extract and capped PdNC surfaces were identified by FTIR analysis. The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of the extract revealed the smooth surface area while that of the catalyst was found to be rough and irregular whereas Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) confirms the existence of Pd in the catalyst. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of PdNC with a cubic face-centred structure. The transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to record the images of PdNC with a particle size of 3.131 to 16.45 nm. TGA reports reveal the degradation of the PdNC occurred at 197.8 °C. The catalytic activity PdNC was tested against the reduction of hazardous azo-dyes such as Congo red (CR), Methyl orange (MO) and Methyl red (MR) with NaBH4 as electron donor. The PdNC catalysed azo-dyes in presence of aqueous NaBH4 and was examined by UV–visible spectroscopy where PdNC mediated the electron transfer from NaBH4 to azo-dyes as a carrier. The maximum degradation was observed for Methyl Orange (0.08 mM) of about 99.66% with 60 μg/μL PdNC. Congo red (0.1 mM) showed the highest degradation of 99.25% with a catalyst loading of 40 μg/μl while that of Methyl red (0.1 mM) with 80 μg/ μL catalyst was 95.45%. The preparation of catalyst using water and exploiting water-soluble components of S. cervicorne as reducing agents makes this one-pot preparation of catalyst a novel approach for the preparation of Pd nanocatalyst. The replacement of non-toxic solvents, as well as the use of unexplored brown seaweed, is of primary importance from an economic as well as environmental perspective. Therefore, the newly prepared PdNC is a promising catalytic material obtained by the green facile synthetic method and exhibit enhanced catalytic activity in stimulation on the reduction of harmful azo dyes.