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113,210 results on '"Mohr A"'

1. Gender Differences in Quality of Life of Metastatic Lung Cancer Patients

Author

Koch M, Rasch F, Rothammer T, Müller K, Mohr A, Koller M, and Schulz C

Subjects
metastatic lung cancer, gender differences, quality of life, eortc qlq-c30/qlq-lc29, Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282
Abstract

Myriam Koch,1 Frederike Rasch,1 Tobias Rothammer,1 Karolina Müller,2 Arno Mohr,3 Michael Koller,2 Christian Schulz1 1Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; 2Center for Clinical Studies, University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; 3Center for Pneumology, Donaustauf Hospital, Donaustauf, GermanyCorrespondence: Myriam Koch, Department of Internal Medicine 2, University Hospital Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß Allee 11, Regensburg, D-93053, Germany, Tel +49 941 9440, Email Myriam.Koch@ukr.deBackground: Gender aspects in lung cancer patients are a topic of growing interest. But little is known about gender aspects affecting the quality of life (QoL) for those with this life-threatening disease. The aim of the following study was to investigate how gender differences affect QoL in metastatic lung cancer patients.Methods: In a prospective, multicenter study patients filled out the EORTC QLQ-C30 questionnaire and the recently updated lung cancer module QLQ-LC29 at an undefined point in time during first-line therapy. Gender differences were calculated for all QoL scores using ANCOVAs, which controlled for confounders.Results: A total of 130 patients with metastatic lung cancer (UICC stage IV) (46 female and 84 male, mean age 66 years) were enrolled in this study by completing the questionnaires. The only significant gender difference in QoL was found regarding hair loss (mean women= 42.498, mean men=25.490, p-value= 0.010), although women received fewer chemotherapy treatments than men (women n=34, 74% and men n=68, 84%).Conclusion: This study provides evidence that the typical cancer related gender difference effect on QoL, suggesting that men suffer less than women, cannot be found in metastatic tumor stages of lung cancer patients.Keywords: metastatic lung cancer, gender differences, quality of life, EORTC QLQ-C30/QLQ-LC29

Published
2022

2. Physicochemical stability of human insulin 1 I.U./mL infusion solution in 50 mL polypropylene syringes

Author

Mohr André, Erdnüß Frank, and Krämer Irene

Subjects
human insulin, intravenous injection, physicochemical stability, polypropylene syringe, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Pharmaceutical industry, HD9665-9675
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of human insulin 1 I.U./mL injection solutions (Insuman® Rapid) diluted with 0.9% NaCl solution in 50 mL disposable three-piece polypropylene syringes and stored refrigerated or at room temperature.

Published
2021
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3. A Syzygial Method for Equidimensional Decomposition

Author

Mohr, Rafael

Subjects
Computer Science - Symbolic Computation
Abstract

Based on a theorem by Vasconcelos, we give an algorithm for equidimensional decomposition of algebraic sets using syzygy computations via Gr\"obner bases. This algorithm avoids the use of elimination, homological algebra and processing the input equations one-by-one present in previous algorithms. We experimentally demonstrate the practical interest of our algorithm compared to the state of the art., Comment: 15 pages

Published
2024

4. 'It Explains What I am Currently Going Through Perfectly to a Tee': Understanding User Perceptions on LLM-Enhanced Narrative Interventions

Author

Bhattacharjee, Ananya, Xu, Sarah Yi, Rao, Pranav, Zeng, Yuchen, Meyerhoff, Jonah, Ahmed, Syed Ishtiaque, Mohr, David C, Liut, Michael, Mariakakis, Alex, Kornfield, Rachel, and Williams, Joseph Jay

Subjects
Computer Science - Human-Computer Interaction
Abstract

Stories about overcoming personal struggles can effectively illustrate the application of psychological theories in real life, yet they may fail to resonate with individuals' experiences. In this work, we employ large language models (LLMs) to create tailored narratives that acknowledge and address unique challenging thoughts and situations faced by individuals. Our study, involving 346 young adults across two settings, demonstrates that LLM-enhanced stories were perceived to be better than human-written ones in conveying key takeaways, promoting reflection, and reducing belief in negative thoughts. These stories were not only seen as more relatable but also similarly authentic to human-written ones, highlighting the potential of LLMs in helping young adults manage their struggles. The findings of this work provide crucial design considerations for future narrative-based digital mental health interventions, such as the need to maintain relatability without veering into implausibility and refining the wording and tone of AI-enhanced content.

Published
2024

5. Fields of The World: A Machine Learning Benchmark Dataset For Global Agricultural Field Boundary Segmentation

Author

Kerner, Hannah, Chaudhari, Snehal, Ghosh, Aninda, Robinson, Caleb, Ahmad, Adeel, Choi, Eddie, Jacobs, Nathan, Holmes, Chris, Mohr, Matthias, Dodhia, Rahul, Ferres, Juan M. Lavista, and Marcus, Jennifer

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Machine Learning
Abstract

Crop field boundaries are foundational datasets for agricultural monitoring and assessments but are expensive to collect manually. Machine learning (ML) methods for automatically extracting field boundaries from remotely sensed images could help realize the demand for these datasets at a global scale. However, current ML methods for field instance segmentation lack sufficient geographic coverage, accuracy, and generalization capabilities. Further, research on improving ML methods is restricted by the lack of labeled datasets representing the diversity of global agricultural fields. We present Fields of The World (FTW) -- a novel ML benchmark dataset for agricultural field instance segmentation spanning 24 countries on four continents (Europe, Africa, Asia, and South America). FTW is an order of magnitude larger than previous datasets with 70,462 samples, each containing instance and semantic segmentation masks paired with multi-date, multi-spectral Sentinel-2 satellite images. We provide results from baseline models for the new FTW benchmark, show that models trained on FTW have better zero-shot and fine-tuning performance in held-out countries than models that aren't pre-trained with diverse datasets, and show positive qualitative zero-shot results of FTW models in a real-world scenario -- running on Sentinel-2 scenes over Ethiopia.

Published
2024

6. Constraints on $f(R)$ gravity from tSZE-selected SPT galaxy clusters and weak lensing mass calibration from DES and HST

Author

Vogt, S. M. L., Bocquet, S., Davies, C. T., Mohr, J. J., Schmidt, F., Ruan, C. -Z., Li, B., Hernández-Aguayo, C., Grandis, S., Bleem, L. E., Klein, M., Schrabback, T., Aguena, M., Brooks, D., Burke, D. L., Campos, A., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., De Vicente, J., Doel, P., Everett, S., Ferrero, I., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gatti, M., Giannini, G., Gruen, D., Gruendl, R. A., Hinton, S. R., Hollowood, D. L., Lee, S., Lima, M., Marshall, J. L., Mena-Fernández, J., Miquel, R., Myles, J., Paterno, M., Pieres, A., Malagón, A. A. Plazas, Reichardt, C. L., Romer, A. K., Samuroff, S., Sarkar, A., Sanchez, E., Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., Vikram, V., Weaverdyck, N., and Weller, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present constraints on the $f(R)$ gravity model using a sample of 1,005 galaxy clusters in the redshift range $0.25 - 1.78$ that have been selected through the thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (tSZE) from South Pole Telescope (SPT) data and subjected to optical and near-infrared confirmation with the Multi-component Matched Filter (MCMF) algorithm. We employ weak gravitational lensing mass calibration from the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data for 688 clusters at $z < 0.95$ and from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) for 39 clusters with $0.6 < z < 1.7$. Our cluster sample is a powerful probe of $f(R)$ gravity, because this model predicts a scale-dependent enhancement in the growth of structure, which impacts the halo mass function (HMF) at cluster mass scales. To account for these modified gravity effects on the HMF, our analysis employs a semi-analytical approach calibrated with numerical simulations. Combining calibrated cluster counts with primary cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization anisotropy measurements from the Planck2018 release, we derive robust constraints on the $f(R)$ parameter $f_{R0}$. Our results, $\log_{10} |f_{R0}| < -5.32$ at the 95 % credible level, are the tightest current constraints on $f(R)$ gravity from cosmological scales. This upper limit rules out $f(R)$-like deviations from general relativity that result in more than a $\sim$20 % enhancement of the cluster population on mass scales $M_\mathrm{200c}>3\times10^{14}M_\odot$., Comment: 21 pages, 6 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. D

Published
2024

7. Electronic vs. phononic thermal transport in Cr-doped V2O3 thin films across the Mott transition

Author

Mohr, Johannes, Aryana, Kiumars, Islam, Md. Rafiqul, Wouters, Dirk J., Waser, Rainer, Hopkins, Patrick E., Nag, Joyeeta, and Bedau, Daniel

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

Understanding the thermal conductivity of chromium doped V2O3 is crucial for optimizing the design of selectors for memory and neuromorphic devices. We utilized the time-domain thermoreflectance technique to measure the thermal conductivity of chromium doped V2O3 across varying concentrations, spanning the doping induced metal-insulator transition. In addition, different oxygen stoichiometries and film thicknesses were investigated in their crystalline and amorphous phases. Chromium doping concentration (0%-30%) and the degree of crystallinity emerged as the predominant factors influencing the thermal properties, while the effect of oxygen flow (600-1400 ppm) during deposition proved to be negligible. Our observations indicate that even in the metallic phase of V2O3, the lattice contribution is the dominant factor in thermal transport with no observable impact from the electrons on heat transport. Finally, the thermal conductivity of both amorphous and crystalline V2O3 was measured at cryogenic temperatures (80-450 K). Our thermal conductivity measurements as a function of temperature reveal that both phases exhibit behavior similar to amorphous materials, indicating pronounced phonon scattering effects in the crystalline phase of V2O3., Comment: Submitted to APL

Published
2024

8. jina-embeddings-v3: Multilingual Embeddings With Task LoRA

Author

Sturua, Saba, Mohr, Isabelle, Akram, Mohammad Kalim, Günther, Michael, Wang, Bo, Krimmel, Markus, Wang, Feng, Mastrapas, Georgios, Koukounas, Andreas, Wang, Nan, and Xiao, Han

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Information Retrieval, 68T50, I.2.7
Abstract

We introduce jina-embeddings-v3, a novel text embedding model with 570 million parameters, achieves state-of-the-art performance on multilingual data and long-context retrieval tasks, supporting context lengths of up to 8192 tokens. The model includes a set of task-specific Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) adapters to generate high-quality embeddings for query-document retrieval, clustering, classification, and text matching. Evaluation on the MTEB benchmark shows that jina-embeddings-v3 outperforms the latest proprietary embeddings from OpenAI and Cohere on English tasks, while achieving superior performance compared to multilingual-e5-large-instruct across all multilingual tasks. With a default output dimension of 1024, users can flexibly reduce the embedding dimensions to as low as 32 without compromising performance, enabled by Matryoshka Representation Learning., Comment: 20 pages, pp11-13 references, pp14-20 appendix and experiment tables

Published
2024

9. Turbo Equalization with Coarse Quantization using the Information Bottleneck Method

Author

Mohr, Philipp, Brüggmann, Jasper, and Bauch, Gerhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory, Electrical Engineering and Systems Science - Signal Processing
Abstract

This paper proposes a turbo equalizer for intersymbol interference channels (ISI) that uses coarsely quantized messages across all receiver components. Lookup tables (LUTs) carry out compression operations designed with the information bottleneck method aiming to maximize relevant mutual information. The turbo setup consists of an equalizer and a decoder that provide extrinsic information to each other over multiple turbo iterations. We develop simplified LUT structures to incorporate the decoder feedback in the equalizer with significantly reduced complexity. The proposed receiver is optimized for selected ISI channels. A conceptual hardware implementation is developed to compare the area efficiency and error correction performance. A thorough analysis reveals that LUT-based configurations with very coarse quantization can achieve higher area efficiency than conventional equalizers. Moreover, the proposed turbo setups can outperform the respective non-turbo setups regarding area efficiency and error correction capability.

Published
2024

10. Late Chunking: Contextual Chunk Embeddings Using Long-Context Embedding Models

Author

Günther, Michael, Mohr, Isabelle, Williams, Daniel James, Wang, Bo, and Xiao, Han

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Information Retrieval, 68T50, I.2.7
Abstract

Many use cases require retrieving smaller portions of text, and dense vector-based retrieval systems often perform better with shorter text segments, as the semantics are less likely to be over-compressed in the embeddings. Consequently, practitioners often split text documents into smaller chunks and encode them separately. However, chunk embeddings created in this way can lose contextual information from surrounding chunks, resulting in sub-optimal representations. In this paper, we introduce a novel method called late chunking, which leverages long context embedding models to first embed all tokens of the long text, with chunking applied after the transformer model and just before mean pooling - hence the term late in its naming. The resulting chunk embeddings capture the full contextual information, leading to superior results across various retrieval tasks. The method is generic enough to be applied to a wide range of long-context embedding models and works without additional training. To further increase the effectiveness of late chunking, we propose a dedicated fine-tuning approach for embedding models., Comment: 11 pages, 3rd draft

Published
2024

11. Dynamic String Generation and C++-style Output in Fortran

Author

Mohr, Marcus

Subjects
Computer Science - Programming Languages, D.3.3
Abstract

Using standard components of modern Fortran we present a technique to dynamically generate strings with as little coding overhead as possible on the application side. Additionally we demonstrate how this can be extended to allow for output generation with a C++ stream-like look and feel.

Published
2024

12. Snapshot: Towards Application-centered Models for Pedestrian Trajectory Prediction in Urban Traffic Environments

Author

Uhlemann, Nico, Zhou, Yipeng, Mohr, Tobias, and Lienkamp, Markus

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

This paper explores pedestrian trajectory prediction in urban traffic while focusing on both model accuracy and real-world applicability. While promising approaches exist, they are often not publicly available, revolve around pedestrian datasets excluding traffic-related information, or resemble architectures that are either not real-time capable or robust. To address these limitations, we first introduce a dedicated benchmark based on Argoverse 2, specifically targeting pedestrians in urban settings. Following this, we present Snapshot, a modular, feed-forward neural network that outperforms the current state of the art while utilizing significantly less information. Despite its agent-centric encoding scheme, Snapshot demonstrates scalability, real-time performance, and robustness to varying motion histories. Moreover, by integrating Snapshot into a modular autonomous driving software stack, we showcase its real-world applicability, Comment: 8 Pages, 9 Figures

Published
2024

13. CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants: 2022

Author

Mohr, Peter, Newell, David, Taylor, Barry, and Tiesinga, Eite

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology
Abstract

We report the 2022 self-consistent values of constants and conversion factors of physics and chemistry recommended by the Committee on Data of the International Science Council (CODATA). The recommended values can also be found at physics.nist.gov/constants. The values are based on a least-squares adjustment that takes into account all theoretical and experimental data available through 31 December 2022. A discussion of the major improvements as well as inconsistencies within the data is given.

Published
2024

14. Exploring the effect of positive Q-value neutron transfer in coupled-channels calculations using microscopic nuclear potentials

Author

Jain, N., Bhuyan, M., Mohr, P., and Kumar, Raj

Subjects
Nuclear Theory
Abstract

We investigated the effect of the degree of freedom of neutron transfer on the cross section of heavy-ion fusion reactions, using the relativistic mean-field formalism within the coupled channel approach (CCFULL). We obtain the microscopic nuclear interaction potential in terms of the density distributions for the targets and projectiles with the NL3$^*$ parameter set and corresponding R3Y nucleon-nucleon potential. The present analysis includes the $^{18}$O-induced reactions, for which experimental fusion cross-section is available around the Coulomb barrier. It is evident from the results that including vibrational and/or rotational degrees of freedom enhances the fusion cross-section at energies below the barrier. However, fusion hindrance persists in this energy region. To address this, we incorporated the two-neutron $(2n)$ transfer channels in the Coupled Channel calculation. A comparison with the Woods-Saxon potential (WS) shows that the R3Y nucleon-nucleon (NN) potential, with intrinsic degrees of freedom, is superior to it, especially at energies below the barrier. This superiority can be attributed to the observed higher barrier heights and lower cross-section of the WS potential compared to the relativistic R3Y NN potential for the considered reaction systems. Consequently, we employed the relativistic mean-field formalism to estimate fusion characteristics for the unknown $^{18}$O-induced reactions, namely $^{18}$O + $^{62}${Ni}, $^{18}$O + $^{70,72,76}${Ge}, $^{18}$O + $^{144,150}${Nd}, and $^{18}$O + $^{144,148,152,154}${Sm}. Our analysis highlights the significant role of positive $Q$-value neutron transfer in enhancing the sub-barrier fusion cross-section for the $^{18}$O + $^{148}${Nd} reaction with the R3Y NN potential. However, the effect of this transfer channel for the other considered reactions is comparatively less pronounced.

Published
2024

15. Jina-ColBERT-v2: A General-Purpose Multilingual Late Interaction Retriever

Author

Jha, Rohan, Wang, Bo, Günther, Michael, Mastrapas, Georgios, Sturua, Saba, Mohr, Isabelle, Koukounas, Andreas, Akram, Mohammad Kalim, Wang, Nan, and Xiao, Han

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Retrieval, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computation and Language, 68T50, I.2.7
Abstract

Multi-vector dense models, such as ColBERT, have proven highly effective in information retrieval. ColBERT's late interaction scoring approximates the joint query-document attention seen in cross-encoders while maintaining inference efficiency closer to traditional dense retrieval models, thanks to its bi-encoder architecture and recent optimizations in indexing and search. In this work we propose a number of incremental improvements to the ColBERT model architecture and training pipeline, using methods shown to work in the more mature single-vector embedding model training paradigm, particularly those that apply to heterogeneous multilingual data or boost efficiency with little tradeoff. Our new model, Jina-ColBERT-v2, demonstrates strong performance across a range of English and multilingual retrieval tasks., Comment: 8 pages, references at pp7,8; EMNLP workshop submission

Published
2024

16. The MICADO first light imager for the ELT: overview and current Status

Author

Sturm, E., Davies, R., Alves, J., Clénet, Y., Kotilainen, J., Monna, A., Nicklas, H., Pott, J. -U., Tolstoy, E., Vulcani, B., Achren, J., Annadevara, S., Anwand-Heerwart, H., Arcidiacono, C., Barboza, S., Barl, L., Baudoz, P., Bender, R., Bezawada, N., Biondi, F., Bizenberger, P., Blin, A., Boné, A., Bonifacio, P., Borgo, B., Born, J. van den, Buey, T., Cao, Y., Chapron, F., Chauvin, G., Chemla, F., Cloiseau, K., Cohen, M., Collin, C., Czoske, O., Dette, J. -O., Deysenroth, M., Dijkstra, E., Dreizler, S., Dupuis, O., van Egmond, G., Eisenhauer, F., Elswijk, E., Emslander, A., Fabricius, M., Fasola, G., Ferreira, F., Schreiber, N. M. Förster, Fontana, A., Gaudemard, J., Gautherot, N., Gendron, E., Gennet, C., Genzel, R., Ghouchou, L., Gillessen, S., Gratadour, D., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guieu, S., Gullieuszik, M., de Haan, M., Hartke, J., Hartl, M., Haussmann, F., Helin, T., Hess, H. -J., Hofferbert, R., Huber, H., Huby, E., Huet, J. -M., Ives, D., Janssen, A., Jaufmann, P., Jilg, T., Jodlbauer, D., Jost, J., Kausch, W., Kellermann, H., Kerber, F., Kravcar, H., Kravchenko, K., Kulcsár, C., Kunkarayakti, H., Kunst, P., Kwast, S., Lang, F., Lange, J., Lapeyrere, V., Ruyet, B. Le, Leschinski, K., Locatelli, H., Massari, D., Mattila, S., Mei, S., Merlin, F., Meyer, E., Michel, C., Mohr, L., Montargès, M., Müller, F., Münch, N., Navarro, R., Neumann, U., Neumayer, N., Neumeier, L., Pedichini, F., Pflüger, A., Piazzesi, R., Pinard, L., Porras, J., Portaluri, E., Przybilla, N., Rabien, S., Raffard, J., Raggazoni, R., Ramlau, R., Ramos, J., Ramsay, S., Raynaud, H. -F., Rhode, P., Richter, A., Rix, H. -W., Rodenhuis, M., Rohloff, R. -R., Romp, R., Rousselot, P., Sabha, N., Sassolas, B., Schlichter, J., Schuil, M., Schweitzer, M., Seemann, U., Sevin, A., Simioni, M., Spallek, L., Sönmez, A., Suuronen, J., Taburet, S., Thomas, J., Tisserand, E., Vaccari, P., Valenti, E., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Verdugo, M., Vidal, F., Wagner, R., Wegner, M., van Winden, D., Witschel, J., Zanella, A., Zeilinger, W., Ziegleder, J., and Ziegler, B.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

MICADO is a first light instrument for the Extremely Large Telescope (ELT), set to start operating later this decade. It will provide diffraction limited imaging, astrometry, high contrast imaging, and long slit spectroscopy at near-infrared wavelengths. During the initial phase operations, adaptive optics (AO) correction will be provided by its own natural guide star wavefront sensor. In its final configuration, that AO system will be retained and complemented by the laser guide star multi-conjugate adaptive optics module MORFEO (formerly known as MAORY). Among many other things, MICADO will study exoplanets, distant galaxies and stars, and investigate black holes, such as Sagittarius A* at the centre of the Milky Way. After their final design phase, most components of MICADO have moved on to the manufacturing and assembly phase. Here we summarize the final design of the instrument and provide an overview about its current manufacturing status and the timeline. Some lessons learned from the final design review process will be presented in order to help future instrumentation projects to cope with the challenges arising from the substantial differences between projects for 8-10m class telescopes (e.g. ESO-VLT) and the next generation Extremely Large Telescopes (e.g. ESO-ELT). Finally, the expected performance will be discussed in the context of the current landscape of astronomical observatories and instruments. For instance, MICADO will have similar sensitivity as the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST), but with six times the spatial resolution., Comment: Proceedings of the SPIE, Volume 13096, id. 1309611 11 pp. (2024)

Published
2024
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17. Euclid preparation. Angular power spectra from discrete observations

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Tessore, N., Joachimi, B., Loureiro, A., Hall, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Tutusaus, I., Jeffrey, N., Naidoo, K., McEwen, J. D., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bernardeau, F., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Caillat, A., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Ferriol, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morin, B., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Scottez, V., Mancini, A. Spurio, Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Benielli, D., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Cooray, A. R., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gutierrez, C. M., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Kruk, S., Lacasa, F., Lattanzi, M., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martín-Fleitas, J., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Montoro, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Murray, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Sarpa, E., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Brown, M. L., and Sellentin, E.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the framework for measuring angular power spectra in the Euclid mission. The observables in galaxy surveys, such as galaxy clustering and cosmic shear, are not continuous fields, but discrete sets of data, obtained only at the positions of galaxies. We show how to compute the angular power spectra of such discrete data sets, without treating observations as maps of an underlying continuous field that is overlaid with a noise component. This formalism allows us to compute exact theoretical expectations for our measured spectra, under a number of assumptions that we track explicitly. In particular, we obtain exact expressions for the additive biases ("shot noise") in angular galaxy clustering and cosmic shear. For efficient practical computations, we introduce a spin-weighted spherical convolution with a well-defined convolution theorem, which allows us to apply exact theoretical predictions to finite-resolution maps, including HEALPix. When validating our methodology, we find that our measurements are biased by less than 1% of their statistical uncertainty in simulations of Euclid's first data release., Comment: 27 pages, 12 figures. Submitted to A&A. Code available at https://github.com/heracles-ec/heracles

Published
2024

18. HyperSBINN: A Hypernetwork-Enhanced Systems Biology-Informed Neural Network for Efficient Drug Cardiosafety Assessment

Author

Soukarieh, Inass, Hessler, Gerhard, Minoux, Hervé, Mohr, Marcel, Schmidt, Friedemann, Wenzel, Jan, Barbillon, Pierre, Gangloff, Hugo, and Gloaguen, Pierre

Subjects
Statistics - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Machine Learning, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Mathematical modeling in systems toxicology enables a comprehensive understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical substances on cardiac health. However, the complexity of these models limits their widespread application in early drug discovery. In this paper, we introduce a novel approach to solving parameterized models of cardiac action potentials by combining meta-learning techniques with Systems Biology-Informed Neural Networks (SBINNs). The proposed method, HyperSBINN, effectively addresses the challenge of predicting the effects of various compounds at different concentrations on cardiac action potentials, outperforming traditional differential equation solvers in speed. Our model efficiently handles scenarios with limited data and complex parameterized differential equations. The HyperSBINN model demonstrates robust performance in predicting APD90 values, indicating its potential as a reliable tool for modeling cardiac electrophysiology and aiding in preclinical drug development. This framework represents an advancement in computational modeling, offering a scalable and efficient solution for simulating and understanding complex biological systems.

Published
2024

19. A Setup to Study Atomic State Population Dynamics and Optical Polarization at CRYRING@ESR

Author

Mohr, K., Sánchez, R., Nörtershäuser, W., Andelkovic, Z., Hannen, V., Hanu, E. -O., Herfurth, F., Heß, R., Horst, M., Imgram, P., König, K., Krantz, C., Lestinsky, M., Litvinov, Yu. A., Menz, E., Müller, P., Palmes, J., Rausch, S., Ratajczyk, T., Renth, L., Rossbach, J., Sidhu, R. S., Sommer, F., Spahn, J., Stallkamp, N., Ueberholz, K., Vorobjev, G., Weinheimer, C., and Zisis, D.

Subjects
Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We present a recently established setup for laser spectroscopy at CRYRING@ESR at the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research. Here, laser spectroscopy can be performed on stored and cooled ion bunches and coasting beams. First spectra of $^{24,25}$Mg$^+$ ions are presented that were recorded by classical Doppler-limited fluorescence spectroscopy as well as $\Lambda$-spectroscopy using counter- and copropagating laser beams that are Doppler-shifted by several nm., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures, submitted to conference proceedings of "1st Workshop on Polarized Beam and Target-Physics and Applications"

Published
2024

20. On the handling of method failure in comparison studies

Author

Wünsch, Milena, Herrmann, Moritz, Noltenius, Elisa, Mohr, Mattia, Morris, Tim P., and Boulesteix, Anne-Laure

Subjects
Statistics - Methodology
Abstract

Comparison studies in methodological research are intended to compare methods in an evidence-based manner, offering guidance to data analysts to select a suitable method for their application. To provide trustworthy evidence, they must be carefully designed, implemented, and reported, especially given the many decisions made in planning and running. A common challenge in comparison studies is to handle the ``failure'' of one or more methods to produce a result for some (real or simulated) data sets, such that their performances cannot be measured in those instances. Despite an increasing emphasis on this topic in recent literature (focusing on non-convergence as a common manifestation), there is little guidance on proper handling and interpretation, and reporting of the chosen approach is often neglected. This paper aims to fill this gap and provides practical guidance for handling method failure in comparison studies. In particular, we show that the popular approaches of discarding data sets yielding failure (either for all or the failing methods only) and imputing are inappropriate in most cases. We also discuss how method failure in published comparison studies -- in various contexts from classical statistics and predictive modeling -- may manifest differently, but is often caused by a complex interplay of several aspects. Building on this, we provide recommendations derived from realistic considerations on suitable fallbacks when encountering method failure, hence avoiding the need for discarding data sets or imputation. Finally, we illustrate our recommendations and the dangers of inadequate handling of method failure through two illustrative comparison studies.

Published
2024

21. Memory-Assisted Quantized LDPC Decoding

Author

Mohr, Philipp and Bauch, Gerhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

We enhance coarsely quantized LDPC decoding by reusing computed check node messages from previous iterations. Typically, variable and check nodes generate and replace old messages in every iteration. We show that, under coarse quantization, discarding old messages involves a significant loss of mutual information. The loss is avoided with additional memory, improving performance up to 0.36 dB. We propose a modified information bottleneck algorithm to design node operations taking messages from the previous iteration(s) into account as side information. Finally, we reveal a 2-bit row-layered decoder that can operate within 0.25 dB w.r.t. 32-bit belief propagation., Comment: The paper has been submitted to IEEE Communications Letters and is currently under review

Published
2024

22. Euclid preparation. The Cosmic Dawn Survey (DAWN) of the Euclid Deep and Auxiliary Fields

Author

Euclid Collaboration, McPartland, C. J. R., Zalesky, L., Weaver, J. R., Toft, S., Sanders, D. B., Mobasher, B., Suzuki, N., Szapudi, I., Valdes, I., Murphree, G., Chartab, N., Allen, N., Taamoli, S., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Arnouts, S., Atek, H., Brinchmann, J., Castellano, M., Chary, R., Ortiz, O. Chávez, Cuby, J. -G., Finkelstein, S. L., Goto, T., Gwyn, S., Harikane, Y., Inoue, A. K., McCracken, H. J., Mohr, J. J., Oesch, P. A., Ouchi, M., Oguri, M., Rhodes, J., Rottgering, H. J. A., Sawicki, M., Scaramella, R., Scarlata, C., Silverman, J. D., Stern, D., Teplitz, H. I., Shuntov, M., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Surace, C., Tallada-Crespi, P., Tavagnacco, D., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Cañas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Coupon, J., Davini, S., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maturi, M., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Musi, P., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Patrizii, L., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Sahlén, M., Schneider, A., Sereno, M., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., and Shankar, F.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

Euclid will provide deep NIR imaging to $\sim$26.5 AB magnitude over $\sim$59 deg$^2$ in its deep and auxiliary fields. The Cosmic DAWN survey complements the deep Euclid data with matched depth multiwavelength imaging and spectroscopy in the UV--IR to provide consistently processed Euclid selected photometric catalogs, accurate photometric redshifts, and measurements of galaxy properties to a redshift of $z\sim 10$. In this paper, we present an overview of the survey, including the footprints of the survey fields, the existing and planned observations, and the primary science goals for the combined data set., Comment: 16 pages, 10 figures, submitted to A&A; Updated references; Updated author list

Published
2024

23. Hierarchical Super-Localized Orthogonal Decomposition Method

Author

Garay, Jose C., Mohr, Hannah, Peterseim, Daniel, and Zimmer, Christoph

Subjects
Mathematics - Numerical Analysis, 65N12, 65N15, 65N30
Abstract

We present the construction of a sparse-compressed operator that approximates the solution operator of elliptic PDEs with rough coefficients. To derive the compressed operator, we construct a hierarchical basis of an approximate solution space, with superlocalized basis functions that are quasi-orthogonal across hierarchy levels with respect to the inner product induced by the energy norm. The superlocalization is achieved through a novel variant of the Super-Localized Orthogonal Decomposition method that is built upon corrections of basis functions arising from the Localized Orthogonal Decomposition method. The hierarchical basis not only induces a sparse compression of the solution space but also enables an orthogonal multiresolution decomposition of the approximate solution operator, decoupling scales and solution contributions of each level of the hierarchy. With this decomposition, the solution of the PDE reduces to the solution of a set of independent linear systems per level with mesh-independent condition numbers that can be computed simultaneously. We present an accuracy study of the compressed solution operator as well as numerical results illustrating our theoretical findings and beyond, revealing that desired optimal error rates with well-behaved superlocalized basis functions can still be attained even in the challenging case of coefficients with high-contrast channels., Comment: 29 pages

Published
2024

24. Skin Cancer Detection utilizing Deep Learning: Classification of Skin Lesion Images using a Vision Transformer

Author

Flosdorf, Carolin, Engelker, Justin, Keller, Igor, and Mohr, Nicolas

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Skin cancer detection still represents a major challenge in healthcare. Common detection methods can be lengthy and require human assistance which falls short in many countries. Previous research demonstrates how convolutional neural networks (CNNs) can help effectively through both automation and an accuracy that is comparable to the human level. However, despite the progress in previous decades, the precision is still limited, leading to substantial misclassifications that have a serious impact on people's health. Hence, we employ a Vision Transformer (ViT) that has been developed in recent years based on the idea of a self-attention mechanism, specifically two configurations of a pre-trained ViT. We generally find superior metrics for classifying skin lesions after comparing them to base models such as decision tree classifier and k-nearest neighbor (KNN) classifier, as well as to CNNs and less complex ViTs. In particular, we attach greater importance to the performance of melanoma, which is the most lethal type of skin cancer. The ViT-L32 model achieves an accuracy of 91.57% and a melanoma recall of 58.54%, while ViT-L16 achieves an accuracy of 92.79% and a melanoma recall of 56.10%. This offers a potential tool for faster and more accurate diagnoses and an overall improvement for the healthcare sector.

Published
2024

25. Galaxy cluster matter profiles: I. Self-similarity and mass calibration

Author

Singh, A., Mohr, J. J., Davies, C. T., Bocquet, S., Grandis, S., Klein, M., Marshall, J. L., Aguena, M., Allam, S. S., Alves, O., Andrade-Oliveira, F., Bacon, D., Bhargava, S., Brooks, D., Rosell, A. Carnero, Carretero, J., Costanzi, M., da Costa, L. N., Pereira, M. E. S., Desai, S., Diehl, H. T., Doel, P., Everett, S., Flaugher, B., Frieman, J., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Gruendl, R. A., Gutierrez, G., Hollowood, D. L., Honscheid, K., James, D. J., Kuehn, K., Lima, M., Mena-Fernández, J., Menanteau, F., Miquel, R., Myles, J., Pieres, A., Romer, A. K., Samuroff, S., Sanchez, E., Cid, D. Sanchez, Sevilla-Noarbe, I., Smith, M., Suchyta, E., Swanson, M. E. C., Tarle, G., To, C., Tucker, D. L., Vikram, V., Weaverdyck, N., and Wiseman, P.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a study of the weak lensing matter profiles of 698 South Pole Telescope (SPT) thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect (tSZE) selected galaxy clusters in the redshift range $0.25

Published
2024

26. A Weighted-Median Model of Opinion Dynamics on Networks

Author

Mohr, Lasse, Hjorth, Poul G., and Porter, Mason A.

Subjects
Physics - Physics and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks, Mathematics - Dynamical Systems, Nonlinear Sciences - Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems
Abstract

Social interactions influence people's opinions. In some situations, these interactions result in a consensus opinion; in others, they result in opinion fragmentation and the formation of different opinion groups in the form of "echo chambers". Consider a social network of individuals, who hold continuous-valued scalar opinions and change their opinions when they interact with each other. In such an opinion model, it is common for an opinion-update rule to depend on the mean opinion of interacting individuals. However, we consider an alternative update rule - which may be more realistic in some situations - that instead depends on a weighted median opinion of interacting individuals. Through numerical simulations of our opinion model, we investigate how the limit opinion distribution depends on network structure. For configuration-model networks, we also derive a mean-field approximation for the asymptotic dynamics of the opinion distribution when there are infinitely many individuals in a network., Comment: 30 pages, 13 figures, Submitted to SIAM Journal on Applied Dynamical Systems

Published
2024

27. A New Algorithm for Whitney Stratification of Varieties

Author

Helmer, Martin and Mohr, Rafael

Subjects
Mathematics - Algebraic Geometry, Computer Science - Symbolic Computation, Mathematics - Commutative Algebra, Mathematics - Algebraic Topology, 14B05, 14Q20, 32S60, 32S15
Abstract

We describe a new algorithm to compute Whitney stratifications of real and complex algebraic varieties. This algorithm is a modification of the algorithm of Helmer and Nanda (HN), but is made more efficient by using techniques for equidimensional decomposition rather than computing the set of associated primes of a polynomial ideal at a key step in the HN algorithm. We note that this modified algorithm may fail to produce a minimal Whitney stratification even when the HN algorithm would produce a minimal stratification. We, additionally, present an algorithm to coarsen any Whitney stratification of a complex variety to a minimal Whitney stratification; the theoretical basis for our approach is a classical result of Teissier.

Published
2024

28. The ACT-DR5 MCMF Galaxy Cluster Catalog

Author

Klein, Matthias, Mohr, Joseph J., and Davies, Christopher T.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

Galaxy clusters are useful cosmological probes and interesting astrophysical laboratories. With growing cluster samples, a deeper understanding of the sample characteristics and improved control of systematics becomes more crucial. In this analysis we create a new and larger ACT-DR5-based thermal Sunyaev-Zel'dovich Effect (tSZE) selected galaxy cluster catalog with improved control over sample purity and completeness. We employ the red sequence based cluster redshift and confirmation tool MCMF together with optical imaging data from the Legacy Survey DR-10 and infrared data from the WISE satellite to systematicallyidentify true clusters from a new cluster candidate detection run on the ACT-DR5 dataset. The resulting ACT-DR5 MCMF sample contains 6,237 clusters with a residual contamination of 10.7%. This is an increase of 51% compared to the previous ACT-DR5 cluster catalog, making this catalog the largest tSZE-selected cluster catalog to date. The z>1 subsample contains 703 clusters, three times more than in the previous ACT-DR5 catalog. Matching the ACT-DR5 MCMF cluster catalog with a deeper tSZE sample from SPTpol 500d allows us to confirm the completeness and purity of the new ACT-DR5 MCMF sample. Cross-matching to the two largest X-ray selected cluster samples, the all-sky RASS MCMF and the half-sky eRASS1, confirms the sample purity of the RASS MCMF sample and in the case of eRASS1 reveals that 43% of the matched clusters are designated in eRASS1 as X-ray point sources rather than clusters. Cross-correlating the ACT-DR5 MCMF cluster catalog with ACT-DR6 lensing maps results in a 16.4\sigma detection of CMB lensing around the clusters, corresponding to the strongest signal found so far for a galaxy cluster sample. Repeating the measurement for the z>1 cluster subsample yields a significance of 4.3\sigma, which is the strongest CMB lensing detection in a z>1 cluster sample to date., Comment: 18 pages, 15 figures, submitted to A&A

Published
2024

29. Region-Specific Coarse Quantization with Check Node Awareness in 5G-LDPC Decoding

Author

Mohr, Philipp and Bauch, Gerhard

Subjects
Computer Science - Information Theory
Abstract

This paper presents novel techniques for improving the error correction performance and reducing the complexity of coarsely quantized 5G-LDPC decoders. The proposed decoder design supports arbitrary message-passing schedules on a base-matrix level by modeling exchanged messages with entry-specific discrete random variables. Variable nodes (VNs) and check nodes (CNs) involve compression operations designed using the information bottleneck method to maximize preserved mutual information between code bits and quantized messages. We introduce alignment regions that assign the messages to groups with aligned reliability levels to decrease the number of individual design parameters. Group compositions with degree-specific separation of messages improve performance by up to 0.4 dB. Further, we generalize our recently proposed CN-aware quantizer design to irregular LDPC codes and layered schedules. The method optimizes the VN quantizer to maximize preserved mutual information at the output of the subsequent CN update, enhancing performance by up to 0.2 dB. A schedule optimization modifies the order of layer updates, reducing the average iteration count by up to 35 %. We integrate all new techniques in a rate-compatible decoder design by extending the alignment regions along a rate-dimension. Our complexity analysis for 2-bit decoding estimates up to 64 % higher throughput versus 4-bit decoding at similar performance., Comment: This paper has been submitted to IEEE Transactions on Communications

Published
2024

30. Low energy alpha-nucleus optical potential studied via (a,n) cross section measurements on Te isotopes

Author

Mátyus, Zs., Gyürky, Gy., Mohr, P., Angyal, A., Halász, Z., Kiss, G. G., Tóth, Á, Szücs, T., and Fülöp, Zs.

Subjects
Nuclear Experiment, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Nuclear Theory
Abstract

In several processes of stellar nucleosynthesis, like the astrophysical gamma-process, nuclear reactions involving alpha particles play an important role. The description of these reactions necessitates the knowledge of the alpha-nucleus optical model potential (AOMP) which is highly ambiguous at low, astrophysical energies. This ambiguity introduces a substantial uncertainty in the stellar models for predicting elemental and isotopic abundances. The experimental study of the AOMP is thus necessary which can be implemented by measuring the cross section of alpha-induced nuclear reactions. At low energies, (a,n) reactions are suitable for such a purpose. Therefore, in the present work, the (a,n) cross sections of four Te isotopes have been measured, mostly for the first time, and compared with theoretical predictions. The (a,n) cross sections of 120,122,124,130Te have been measured in the energy range between about 10 and 17 MeV using the activation method. The detection of the gamma radiation following the decay of the radioactive reaction products were used to determine the cross sections. The measured cross sections are compared with statistical model calculations obtained from the widely used TALYS nuclear reaction simulation code. Predictions using various available AOMPs are investigated. It is found that the recently developed Atomki-V2 AOMP provides the best description for all studied reactions and this potential also reproduces well the total reaction cross sections from elastic scattering experiments, when they are available in literature. We recommend therefore to use the astrophysical reaction rates based on this potential for nucleosynthesis models of heavy elements., Comment: Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

Published
2024

31. Jina CLIP: Your CLIP Model Is Also Your Text Retriever

Author

Koukounas, Andreas, Mastrapas, Georgios, Günther, Michael, Wang, Bo, Martens, Scott, Mohr, Isabelle, Sturua, Saba, Akram, Mohammad Kalim, Martínez, Joan Fontanals, Ognawala, Saahil, Guzman, Susana, Werk, Maximilian, Wang, Nan, and Xiao, Han

Subjects
Computer Science - Computation and Language, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Information Retrieval, 68T50, I.2.7
Abstract

Contrastive Language-Image Pretraining (CLIP) is widely used to train models to align images and texts in a common embedding space by mapping them to fixed-sized vectors. These models are key to multimodal information retrieval and related tasks. However, CLIP models generally underperform in text-only tasks compared to specialized text models. This creates inefficiencies for information retrieval systems that keep separate embeddings and models for text-only and multimodal tasks. We propose a novel, multi-task contrastive training method to address this issue, which we use to train the jina-clip-v1 model to achieve the state-of-the-art performance on both text-image and text-text retrieval tasks., Comment: 4 pages, MFM-EAI@ICML2024

Published
2024

32. Euclid: ERO -- NISP-only sources and the search for luminous $z=6-8$ galaxies

Author

Weaver, J. R., Taamoli, S., McPartland, C. J. R., Zalesky, L., Allen, N., Toft, S., Sanders, D. B., Atek, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Stern, D., Conselice, C. J., Mobasher, B., Szapudi, I., Eisenhardt, P. R. M., Murphree, G., Valdes, I., Ito, K., Belladitta, S., Oesch, P. A., Serjeant, S., Mortlock, D. J., Hatch, N. A., Kluge, M., Milvang-Jensen, B., Rodighiero, G., Bañados, E., Diego, J. M., Gavazzi, R., Congedo, G., Shuntov, M., Dole, H., Rocci, P. -F., Saifollahi, T., Miluzio, M., Ezziati, M., Hughes, A. C. N., Cuillandre, J. -C., Laureijs, R., Paltani, S., Schirmer, M., Stone, C., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Burigana, C., Castignani, G., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Viel, M., Simon, P., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Scott, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents a search for high redshift galaxies from the Euclid Early Release Observations program "Magnifying Lens." The 1.5 deg$^2$ area covered by the twin Abell lensing cluster fields is comparable in size to the few other deep near-infrared surveys such as COSMOS, and so provides an opportunity to significantly increase known samples of rare UV-bright galaxies at $z\approx6-8$ ($M_{\rm UV}\lesssim-22$). Beyond their still uncertain role in reionisation, these UV-bright galaxies are ideal laboratories from which to study galaxy formation and constrain the bright-end of the UV luminosity function. Of the 501994 sources detected from a combined $Y_{\rm E}$, $J_{\rm E}$, and $H_{\rm E}$ NISP detection image, 168 do not have any appreciable VIS/$I_{\rm E}$ flux. These objects span a range in spectral colours, separated into two classes: 139 extremely red sources; and 29 Lyman-break galaxy candidates. Best-fit redshifts and spectral templates suggest the former is composed of both $z\gtrsim5$ dusty star-forming galaxies and $z\approx1-3$ quiescent systems. The latter is composed of more homogeneous Lyman break galaxies at $z\approx6-8$. In both cases, contamination by L- and T-type dwarfs cannot be ruled out with Euclid images alone. Additional contamination from instrumental persistence is investigated using a novel time series analysis. This work lays the foundation for future searches within the Euclid Deep Fields, where thousands more $z\gtrsim6$ Lyman break systems and extremely red sources will be identified., Comment: 22 pages, 13 figures, paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

33. Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Overview of the Perseus cluster and analysis of its luminosity and stellar mass functions

Author

Cuillandre, J. -C., Bolzonella, M., Boselli, A., Marleau, F. R., Mondelin, M., Sorce, J. G., Stone, C., Buitrago, F., Cantiello, Michele, George, K., Hatch, N. A., Quilley, L., Mannucci, F., Saifollahi, T., Sánchez-Janssen, R., Tarsitano, F., Tortora, C., Xu, X., Bouy, H., Gwyn, S., Kluge, M., Lançon, A., Laureijs, R., Schirmer, M., Abdurro'uf, Awad, P., Baes, M., Bournaud, F., Carollo, D., Codis, S., Conselice, C. J., De Lapparent, V., Duc, P. -A., Ferré-Mateu, A., Gillard, W., Golden-Marx, J. B., Jablonka, P., Habas, R., Hunt, L. K., Mei, S., Miville-Deschênes, M. -A., Montes, M., Nersesian, A., Peletier, R. F., Poulain, M., Scaramella, R., Scialpi, M., Sola, E., Stephan, J., Ulivi, L., Urbano, M., Zöller, R., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Burigana, C., Castignani, G., De Lucia, G., Scottez, V., Mora, A., Simon, P., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Scott, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Euclid ERO programme targeted the Perseus cluster of galaxies, gathering deep data in the central region of the cluster over 0.7 square degree, corresponding to approximately 0.25 r_200. The data set reaches a point-source depth of IE=28.0 (YE, JE, HE = 25.3) AB magnitudes at 5 sigma with a 0.16" and 0.48" FWHM, and a surface brightness limit of 30.1 (29.2) mag per square arcsec. The exceptional depth and spatial resolution of this wide-field multi-band data enable the simultaneous detection and characterisation of both bright and low surface brightness galaxies, along with their globular cluster systems, from the optical to the NIR. This study advances beyond previous analyses of the cluster and enables a range of scientific investigations summarised here. We derive the luminosity and stellar mass functions (LF and SMF) of the Perseus cluster in the Euclid IE band, thanks to supplementary u,g,r,i,z and Halpha data from the CFHT. We adopt a catalogue of 1100 dwarf galaxies, detailed in the corresponding ERO paper. We identify all other sources in the Euclid images and obtain accurate photometric measurements using AutoProf or AstroPhot for 138 bright cluster galaxies, and SourceExtractor for half a million compact sources. Cluster membership for the bright sample is determined by calculating photometric redshifts with Phosphoros. Our LF and SMF are the deepest recorded for the Perseus cluster, highlighting the groundbreaking capabilities of the Euclid telescope. Both the LF and SMF fit a Schechter plus Gaussian model. The LF features a dip at M(IE)=-19 and a faint-end slope of alpha_S = -1.2 to -1.3. The SMF displays a low-mass-end slope of alpha_S = -1.2 to -1.35. These observed slopes are flatter than those predicted for dark matter halos in cosmological simulations, offering significant insights for models of galaxy formation and evolution., Comment: Submitted to A&A, 44 pages, 35 figures, Part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

34. Euclid: Early Release Observations -- A glance at free-floating new-born planets in the sigma Orionis cluster

Author

Martín, E. L., {Ž}erjal, M., Bouy, H., Martin-Gonzalez, D., Torres, S. Mu{ň}oz, Barrado, D., Olivares, J., Pérez-Garrido, A., Mas-Buitrago, P., Cruz, P., Solano, E., Osorio, M. R. Zapatero, Lodieu, N., Béjar, V. J. S., Zhang, J. -Y., del Burgo, C., Huélamo, N., Laureijs, R., Mora, A., Saifollahi, T., Cuillandre, J. -C., Schirmer, M., Tata, R., Points, S., Phan-Bao, N., Goldman, B., Casewell, S. L., Reylé, C., Smart, R. L., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Dubath, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hu, D., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Racca, G. D., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tsyganov, A., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Williams, O. R., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Willis, G., Simon, P., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Scott, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

We provide an early assessment of the imaging capabilities of the Euclid space mission to probe deeply into nearby star-forming regions and associated very young open clusters, and in particular to check to what extent it can shed light on the new-born free-floating planet population. This paper focuses on a low-reddening region observed in just one Euclid pointing where the dust and gas has been cleared out by the hot sigma Orionis star. One late-M and six known spectroscopically confirmed L-type substellar members in the sigma Orionis cluster are used as benchmarks to provide a high-purity procedure to select new candidate members with Euclid. The exquisite angular resolution and depth delivered by the Euclid instruments allow us to focus on bona-fide point sources. A cleaned sample of sigma Orionis cluster substellar members has been produced and the initial mass function (IMF) has been estimated by combining Euclid and Gaia data. Our sigma Orionis substellar IMF is consistent with a power-law distribution with no significant steepening at the planetary-mass end. No evidence of a low-mass cutoff is found down to about 4 Jupiter masses at the young age (3 Myr) of the sigma Orionis open cluster., Comment: 13 pages, 10 figures, submitted to the A&A special issue on "Euclid on the sky"

Published
2024

35. Euclid: Early Release Observations -- Programme overview and pipeline for compact- and diffuse-emission photometry

Author

Cuillandre, J. -C., Bertin, E., Bolzonella, M., Bouy, H., Gwyn, S., Isani, S., Kluge, M., Lai, O., Lançon, A., Lang, D. A., Laureijs, R., Saifollahi, T., Schirmer, M., Stone, C., Abdurro'uf, Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Annibali, F., Atek, H., Awad, P., Baes, M., Bañados, E., Barrado, D., Belladitta, S., Belokurov, V., Boselli, A., Bournaud, F., Bovy, J., Bowler, R. A. A., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Cantiello, M., Carollo, D., Codis, S., Collins, M. L. M., Congedo, G., Dalessandro, E., de Lapparent, V., De Paolis, F., Diego, J. M., Dimauro, P., Dinis, J., Dole, H., Duc, P. -A., Erkal, D., Ezziati, M., Ferguson, A. M. N., Ferré-Mateu, A., Franco, A., Gavazzi, R., George, K., Gillard, W., Golden-Marx, J. B., Goldman, B., Gonzalez, A. H., Habas, R., Hartley, W. G., Hatch, N. A., Kohley, R., Hoar, J., Howell, J. M., Hunt, L. K., Jablonka, P., Jauzac, M., Kang, Y., Knapen, J. H., Kneib, J. -P., Kuzma, P. B., Larsen, S. S., Marchal, O., Martín-Fleitas, J., Marcos-Arenal, P., Marleau, F. R., Martín, E. L., Massari, D., McConnachie, A. W., Meneghetti, M., Miluzio, M., Carretero, J. Miro, Miyatake, H., Mondelin, M., Montes, M., Mora, A., Müller, O., Nally, C., Noeske, K., Nucita, A. A., Oesch, P. A., Oguri, M., Peletier, R. F., Poulain, M., Quilley, L., Racca, G. D., Rejkuba, M., Rhodes, J., Rocci, P. -F., Román, J., Sacquegna, S., Saremi, E., Scaramella, R., Schinnerer, E., Serjeant, S., Sola, E., Sorce, J. G., Tarsitano, F., Tereno, I., Toft, S., Tortora, C., Urbano, M., Venhola, A., Voggel, K., Weaver, J. R., Xu, X., Žerjal, M., Zöller, R., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Branchini, E., Brau-Nogue, S., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Skottfelt, J., Stanco, L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Tsyganov, A., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Wang, Y., Weller, J., Williams, O. R., Zamorani, G., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Burigana, C., Casenove, P., Liebing, P., Scottez, V., Simon, P., and Scott, D.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Euclid ERO showcase Euclid's capabilities in advance of its main mission, targeting 17 astronomical objects, from galaxy clusters, nearby galaxies, globular clusters, to star-forming regions. A total of 24 hours observing time was allocated in the early months of operation, engaging the scientific community through an early public data release. We describe the development of the ERO pipeline to create visually compelling images while simultaneously meeting the scientific demands within months of launch, leveraging a pragmatic, data-driven development strategy. The pipeline's key requirements are to preserve the image quality and to provide flux calibration and photometry for compact and extended sources. The pipeline's five pillars are: removal of instrumental signatures; astrometric calibration; photometric calibration; image stacking; and the production of science-ready catalogues for both the VIS and NISP instruments. We report a PSF with a full width at half maximum of 0.16" in the optical and 0.49" in the three NIR bands. Our VIS mean absolute flux calibration is accurate to about 1%, and 10% for NISP due to a limited calibration set; both instruments have considerable colour terms. The median depth is 25.3 and 23.2 AB mag with a SNR of 10 for galaxies, and 27.1 and 24.5 AB mag at an SNR of 5 for point sources for VIS and NISP, respectively. Euclid's ability to observe diffuse emission is exceptional due to its extended PSF nearly matching a pure diffraction halo, the best ever achieved by a wide-field, high-resolution imaging telescope. Euclid offers unparalleled capabilities for exploring the LSB Universe across all scales, also opening a new observational window in the NIR. Median surface-brightness levels of 29.9 and 28.3 AB mag per square arcsec are achieved for VIS and NISP, respectively, for detecting a 10 arcsec x 10 arcsec extended feature at the 1 sigma level., Comment: Submitted to A&A, 44 pages, 36 figures - Part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

36. Euclid. V. The Flagship galaxy mock catalogue: a comprehensive simulation for the Euclid mission

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Castander, F. J., Fosalba, P., Stadel, J., Potter, D., Carretero, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Pozzetti, L., Bolzonella, M., Mamon, G. A., Blot, L., Hoffmann, K., Huertas-Company, M., Monaco, P., Gonzalez, E. J., De Lucia, G., Scarlata, C., Breton, M. -A., Linke, L., Viglione, C., Li, S. -S., Zhai, Z., Baghkhani, Z., Pardede, K., Neissner, C., Teyssier, R., Crocce, M., Tutusaus, I., Miller, L., Congedo, G., Biviano, A., Hirschmann, M., Pezzotta, A., Aussel, H., Hoekstra, H., Kitching, T., Percival, W. J., Guzzo, L., Mellier, Y., Oesch, P. A., Bowler, R. A. A., Bruton, S., Allevato, V., Gonzalez-Perez, V., Manera, M., Avila, S., Kovács, A., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Haugan, S. V. H., Holliman, M. S., Holmes, W., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Scodeggio, M., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tsyganov, A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Castignani, G., Colodro-Conde, C., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Matthew, S., Mauri, N., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Anselmi, S., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubourg, E., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Böhringer, H., Borgani, S., Bouvard, T., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Caro, F., Carvalho, C. S., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ezziati, M., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gasparetto, T., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gonzalez, A. H., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Holland, A. D., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Jullo, E., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Lesgourgues, J., Liaudat, T. I., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Mora, A., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Yung, L. Y. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the Flagship galaxy mock, a simulated catalogue of billions of galaxies designed to support the scientific exploitation of the Euclid mission. Euclid is a medium-class mission of the European Space Agency optimised to determine the properties of dark matter and dark energy on the largest scales of the Universe. It probes structure formation over more than 10 billion years primarily from the combination of weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering data. The breath of Euclid's data will also foster a wide variety of scientific analyses. The Flagship simulation was developed to provide a realistic approximation to the galaxies that will be observed by Euclid and used in its scientific analyses. We ran a state-of-the-art N-body simulation with four trillion particles, producing a lightcone on the fly. From the dark matter particles, we produced a catalogue of 16 billion haloes in one octant of the sky in the lightcone up to redshift z=3. We then populated these haloes with mock galaxies using a halo occupation distribution and abundance matching approach, calibrating the free parameters of the galaxy mock against observed correlations and other basic galaxy properties. Modelled galaxy properties include luminosity and flux in several bands, redshifts, positions and velocities, spectral energy distributions, shapes and sizes, stellar masses, star formation rates, metallicities, emission line fluxes, and lensing properties. We selected a final sample of 3.4 billion galaxies with a magnitude cut of H_E<26, where we are complete. We have performed a comprehensive set of validation tests to check the similarity to observational data and theoretical models. In particular, our catalogue is able to closely reproduce the main characteristics of the weak lensing and galaxy clustering samples to be used in the mission's main cosmological analysis. (abridged), Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

37. Euclid. IV. The NISP Calibration Unit

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Hormuth, F., Jahnke, K., Schirmer, M., Lee, C. G. -Y., Scott, T., Barbier, R., Ferriol, S., Gillard, W., Grupp, F., Holmes, R., Holmes, W., Kubik, B., Macias-Perez, J., Laurent, M., Marpaud, J., Marton, M., Medinaceli, E., Morgante, G., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Rix, Hans-Walter, Secroun, A., Seiffert, M., Stassi, P., Wachter, S., Gutierrez, C. M., Vescovi, C., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Baccigalupi, C., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Battaglia, P., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Castignani, G., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Colodro-Conde, C., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Corcione, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., De Lucia, G., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Ducret, F., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., George, K., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jhabvala, M., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kohley, R., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Mignant, D. Le, Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Mainetti, G., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marcin, S., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martinelli, M., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Morris, P. W., Moscardini, L., Munari, E., Nakajima, R., Neissner, C., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nightingale, J. W., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Renzi, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rossetti, E., Rusholme, B., Saglia, R., Sakr, Z., Sánchez, A. G., Sapone, D., Sartoris, B., Sauvage, M., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Sefusatti, E., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Steinwagner, J., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Veropalumbo, A., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zucca, E., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Farinelli, R., Gracia-Carpio, J., Kazandjian, M. V., Mauri, N., Scottez, V., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casenove, P., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finelli, F., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gozaliasl, G., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Muñoz, A. Jimenez, Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Laudisio, F., Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Maggio, G., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., Metcalf, R. B., Miluzio, M., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Patrizii, L., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Popa, V., Porciani, C., Potter, D., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Sahlén, M., Scarlata, C., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shulevski, A., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Tao, C., Testera, G., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Verza, G., Zalesky, L., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Finoguenov, A., Gasparetto, T., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Graet, J. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Oguri, M., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Tanidis, K., Vernizzi, F., Viitanen, A., Kova{č}ić, I., Lesgourgues, J., Martín-Fleitas, J., and Mora, A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The near-infrared calibration unit (NI-CU) on board Euclid's Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) is the first astronomical calibration lamp based on light-emitting diodes (LEDs) to be operated in space. Euclid is a mission in ESA's Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 framework, to explore the dark universe and provide a next-level characterisation of the nature of gravitation, dark matter, and dark energy. Calibrating photometric and spectrometric measurements of galaxies to better than 1.5% accuracy in a survey homogeneously mapping ~14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky requires a very detailed characterisation of near-infrared (NIR) detector properties, as well their constant monitoring in flight. To cover two of the main contributions - relative pixel-to-pixel sensitivity and non-linearity characteristics - as well as support other calibration activities, NI-CU was designed to provide spatially approximately homogeneous (<12% variations) and temporally stable illumination (0.1%-0.2% over 1200s) over the NISP detector plane, with minimal power consumption and energy dissipation. NI-CU is covers the spectral range ~[900,1900] nm - at cryo-operating temperature - at 5 fixed independent wavelengths to capture wavelength-dependent behaviour of the detectors, with fluence over a dynamic range of >=100 from ~15 ph s^-1 pixel^-1 to >1500 ph s^-1 pixel^-1. For this functionality, NI-CU is based on LEDs. We describe the rationale behind the decision and design process, describe the challenges in sourcing the right LEDs, as well as the qualification process and lessons learned. We also provide a description of the completed NI-CU, its capabilities and performance as well as its limits. NI-CU has been integrated into NISP and the Euclid satellite, and since Euclid's launch in July 2023 has started supporting survey operations., Comment: Paper accepted for publication in A&A as part of the special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

38. Euclid. III. The NISP Instrument

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Jahnke, K., Gillard, W., Schirmer, M., Ealet, A., Maciaszek, T., Prieto, E., Barbier, R., Bonoli, C., Corcione, L., Dusini, S., Grupp, F., Hormuth, F., Ligori, S., Martin, L., Morgante, G., Padilla, C., Toledo-Moreo, R., Trifoglio, M., Valenziano, L., Bender, R., Castander, F. J., Garilli, B., Lilje, P. B., Rix, H. -W., Auricchio, N., Balestra, A., Barriere, J. -C., Battaglia, P., Berthe, M., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bon, W., Bonnefoi, A., Caillat, A., Capobianco, V., Carle, M., Casas, R., Cho, H., Costille, A., Ducret, F., Ferriol, S., Franceschi, E., Gimenez, J. -L., Holmes, W., Hornstrup, A., Jhabvala, M., Kohley, R., Kubik, B., Laureijs, R., Mignant, D. Le, Lloro, I., Medinaceli, E., Mellier, Y., Polenta, G., Racca, G. D., Renzi, A., Salvignol, J. -C., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Seiffert, M., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Strada, P., Smadja, G., Stanco, L., Wachter, S., Anselmi, S., Borsato, E., Caillat, L., Cogato, F., Colodro-Conde, C., Crouzet, P. -E., Conforti, V., D'Alessandro, M., Copin, Y., Cuillandre, J. -C., Davies, J. E., Davini, S., Derosa, A., Diaz, J. J., Di Domizio, S., Di Ferdinando, D., Farinelli, R., Ferrari, A. G., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Gutierrez, C. M., Giacomini, F., Lagier, P., Gianotti, F., Krause, O., Madrid, F., Laudisio, F., Macias-Perez, J., Naletto, G., Niclas, M., Marpaud, J., Mauri, N., da Silva, R., Passalacqua, F., Paterson, K., Patrizii, L., Risso, I., Solheim, B. G. B., Scodeggio, M., Stassi, P., Steinwagner, J., Tenti, M., Testera, G., Travaglini, R., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tubio, O., Valieri, C., Vescovi, C., Ventura, S., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Amiaux, J., Andreon, S., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bonchi, A., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, S., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cropper, M., Cuby, J. -G., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dinis, J., Douspis, M., Dubath, F., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Fabricius, M., Farina, M., Farrens, S., Faustini, F., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Fourmanoit, N., Frailis, M., Franzetti, P., Galeotta, S., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Guzzo, L., Hailey, M., Haugan, S. V. H., Hoar, J., Hoekstra, H., Hook, I., Hudelot, P., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kiessling, A., Kilbinger, M., Kitching, T., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Lindholm, V., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Markovic, K., Martignac, J., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Massey, R., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., McCracken, H. J., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nakajima, R., Nichol, R. C., Niemi, S. -M., Nutma, T., Paech, K., Paltani, S., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Rhodes, J., Riccio, G., Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Serrano, S., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Vibert, D., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zacchei, A., Zamorani, G., Zerbi, F. M., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Appleton, P. N., Baccigalupi, C., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Bozzo, E., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Liebing, P., Liu, C., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Morris, P. W., Neissner, C., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Chary, R., Colbert, J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Cooray, A. R., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., De Caro, B., de la Torre, S., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hemmati, S., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Hosseini, S., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Jacobson, J., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Brun, V. Le, Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Liu, S. J., Loureiro, A., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Nadathur, S., Nicastro, L., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Shulevski, A., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tucci, M., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bennett, C. L., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Conseil, S., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Mora, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Radovich, M., Sarpa, E., Tommasi, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., Levi, M. E., and Martín-Fleitas, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies
Abstract

The Near-Infrared Spectrometer and Photometer (NISP) on board the Euclid satellite provides multiband photometry and R>=450 slitless grism spectroscopy in the 950-2020nm wavelength range. In this reference article we illuminate the background of NISP's functional and calibration requirements, describe the instrument's integral components, and provide all its key properties. We also sketch the processes needed to understand how NISP operates and is calibrated, and its technical potentials and limitations. Links to articles providing more details and technical background are included. NISP's 16 HAWAII-2RG (H2RG) detectors with a plate scale of 0.3" pix^-1 deliver a field-of-view of 0.57deg^2. In photo mode, NISP reaches a limiting magnitude of ~24.5AB mag in three photometric exposures of about 100s exposure time, for point sources and with a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 5. For spectroscopy, NISP's point-source sensitivity is a SNR = 3.5 detection of an emission line with flux ~2x10^-16erg/s/cm^2 integrated over two resolution elements of 13.4A, in 3x560s grism exposures at 1.6 mu (redshifted Ha). Our calibration includes on-ground and in-flight characterisation and monitoring of detector baseline, dark current, non-linearity, and sensitivity, to guarantee a relative photometric accuracy of better than 1.5%, and relative spectrophotometry to better than 0.7%. The wavelength calibration must be better than 5A. NISP is the state-of-the-art instrument in the NIR for all science beyond small areas available from HST and JWST - and an enormous advance due to its combination of field size and high throughput of telescope and instrument. During Euclid's 6-year survey covering 14000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky, NISP will be the backbone for determining distances of more than a billion galaxies. Its NIR data will become a rich reference imaging and spectroscopy data set for the coming decades., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue 'Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

39. Euclid. I. Overview of the Euclid mission

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Mellier, Y., Abdurro'uf, Barroso, J. A. Acevedo, Achúcarro, A., Adamek, J., Adam, R., Addison, G. E., Aghanim, N., Aguena, M., Ajani, V., Akrami, Y., Al-Bahlawan, A., Alavi, A., Albuquerque, I. S., Alestas, G., Alguero, G., Allaoui, A., Allen, S. W., Allevato, V., Alonso-Tetilla, A. V., Altieri, B., Alvarez-Candal, A., Alvi, S., Amara, A., Amendola, L., Amiaux, J., Andika, I. T., Andreon, S., Andrews, A., Angora, G., Angulo, R. E., Annibali, F., Anselmi, A., Anselmi, S., Arcari, S., Archidiacono, M., Aricò, G., Arnaud, M., Arnouts, S., Asgari, M., Asorey, J., Atayde, L., Atek, H., Atrio-Barandela, F., Aubert, M., Aubourg, E., Auphan, T., Auricchio, N., Aussel, B., Aussel, H., Avelino, P. P., Avgoustidis, A., Avila, S., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Baccigalupi, C., Bachelet, E., Bacon, D., Baes, M., Bagley, M. B., Bahr-Kalus, B., Balaguera-Antolinez, A., Balbinot, E., Balcells, M., Baldi, M., Baldry, I., Balestra, A., Ballardini, M., Ballester, O., Balogh, M., Bañados, E., Barbier, R., Bardelli, S., Baron, M., Barreiro, T., Barrena, R., Barriere, J. -C., Barros, B. J., Barthelemy, A., Bartolo, N., Basset, A., Battaglia, P., Battisti, A. J., Baugh, C. M., Baumont, L., Bazzanini, L., Beaulieu, J. -P., Beckmann, V., Belikov, A. N., Bel, J., Bellagamba, F., Bella, M., Bellini, E., Benabed, K., Bender, R., Benevento, G., Bennett, C. L., Benson, K., Bergamini, P., Bermejo-Climent, J. R., Bernardeau, F., Bertacca, D., Berthe, M., Berthier, J., Bethermin, M., Beutler, F., Bevillon, C., Bhargava, S., Bhatawdekar, R., Bianchi, D., Bisigello, L., Biviano, A., Blake, R. P., Blanchard, A., Blazek, J., Blot, L., Bosco, A., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Böhringer, H., Boldrini, P., Bolzonella, M., Bonchi, A., Bonici, M., Bonino, D., Bonino, L., Bonvin, C., Bon, W., Booth, J. T., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Borsato, E., Bose, B., Botticella, M. T., Boucaud, A., Bouche, F., Boucher, J. S., Boutigny, D., Bouvard, T., Bouwens, R., Bouy, H., Bowler, R. A. A., Bozza, V., Bozzo, E., Branchini, E., Brando, G., Brau-Nogue, S., Brekke, P., Bremer, M. N., Brescia, M., Breton, M. -A., Brinchmann, J., Brinckmann, T., Brockley-Blatt, C., Brodwin, M., Brouard, L., Brown, M. L., Bruton, S., Bucko, J., Buddelmeijer, H., Buenadicha, G., Buitrago, F., Burger, P., Burigana, C., Busillo, V., Busonero, D., Cabanac, R., Cabayol-Garcia, L., Cagliari, M. S., Caillat, A., Caillat, L., Calabrese, M., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Calura, F., Quevedo, B. Camacho, Camera, S., Campos, L., Canas-Herrera, G., Candini, G. P., Cantiello, M., Capobianco, V., Cappellaro, E., Cappelluti, N., Cappi, A., Caputi, K. I., Cara, C., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carella, E., Carlberg, R. G., Carle, M., Carminati, L., Caro, F., Carrasco, J. M., Carretero, J., Carrilho, P., Duque, J. Carron, Carry, B., Carvalho, A., Carvalho, C. S., Casas, R., Casas, S., Casenove, P., Casey, C. M., Cassata, P., Castander, F. J., Castelao, D., Castellano, M., Castiblanco, L., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Cavet, C., Cavuoti, S., Chabaud, P. -Y., Chambers, K. C., Charles, Y., Charlot, S., Chartab, N., Chary, R., Chaumeil, F., Cho, H., Chon, G., Ciancetta, E., Ciliegi, P., Cimatti, A., Cimino, M., Cioni, M. -R. L., Claydon, R., Cleland, C., Clément, B., Clements, D. L., Clerc, N., Clesse, S., Codis, S., Cogato, F., Colbert, J., Cole, R. E., Coles, P., Collett, T. E., Collins, R. S., Colodro-Conde, C., Colombo, C., Combes, F., Conforti, V., Congedo, G., Conseil, S., Conselice, C. J., Contarini, S., Contini, T., Conversi, L., Cooray, A. R., Copin, Y., Corasaniti, P. -S., Corcho-Caballero, P., Corcione, L., Cordes, O., Corpace, O., Correnti, M., Costanzi, M., Costille, A., Courbin, F., Mifsud, L. Courcoult, Courtois, H. 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Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

The current standard model of cosmology successfully describes a variety of measurements, but the nature of its main ingredients, dark matter and dark energy, remains unknown. Euclid is a medium-class mission in the Cosmic Vision 2015-2025 programme of the European Space Agency (ESA) that will provide high-resolution optical imaging, as well as near-infrared imaging and spectroscopy, over about 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky. In addition to accurate weak lensing and clustering measurements that probe structure formation over half of the age of the Universe, its primary probes for cosmology, these exquisite data will enable a wide range of science. This paper provides a high-level overview of the mission, summarising the survey characteristics, the various data-processing steps, and data products. We also highlight the main science objectives and expected performance., Comment: Accepted for publication in the A&A special issue`Euclid on Sky'

Published
2024

40. Euclid. II. The VIS Instrument

Author

Euclid Collaboration, Cropper, M., Al-Bahlawan, A., Amiaux, J., Awan, S., Azzollini, R., Benson, K., Berthe, M., Boucher, J., Bozzo, E., Brockley-Blatt, C., Candini, G. P., Cara, C., Chaudery, R. A., Cole, R. E., Danto, P., Denniston, J., Di Giorgio, A. M., Dryer, B., Endicott, J., Dubois, J. -P., Farina, M., Galli, E., Genolet, L., Gow, J. P. D., Guttridge, P., Hailey, M., Hall, D., Harper, C., Holland, A. D., Horeau, B., Hu, D., King, R., James, R. E., Larcheveque, C., Khalil, A., Lawrenson, A., Liebing, P., Martignac, J., McCracken, H. J., Murray, N., Nakajima, R., Niemi, S. -M., Pendem, A., Paltani, S., Philippon, A., Pool, P., Plana, C., Pottinger, S., Racca, G. D., Rousseau, A., Ruane, K., Salatti, M., Salvignol, J. -C., Sciortino, A., Short, Alexander, Liu, S. J., Skottfelt, J., Swindells, I., Smit, S. J. A., Szafraniec, M., Thomas, P. D., Thomas, W., Tommasi, E., Winter, B., Tosti, S., Visticot, F., Walton, D. M., Willis, G., Mora, A., Kohley, R., Massey, R., Nightingale, J. W., Kitching, T., Hoekstra, H., Aghanim, N., Altieri, B., Amara, A., Andreon, S., Auricchio, N., Aussel, H., Baldi, M., Balestra, A., Bardelli, S., Basset, A., Bender, R., Bodendorf, C., Boenke, T., Bonino, D., Branchini, E., Brescia, M., Brinchmann, J., Camera, S., Capobianco, V., Carbone, C., Cardone, V. F., Carretero, J., Casas, R., Casas, S., Castander, F. J., Castellano, M., Cavuoti, S., Cimatti, A., Congedo, G., Conselice, C. J., Conversi, L., Copin, Y., Courbin, F., Courtois, H. M., Cuby, J. -G., Cuillandre, J. -C., Da Silva, A., Degaudenzi, H., Dinis, J., Dolding, C., Douspis, M., Duncan, C. A. J., Dupac, X., Dusini, S., Ealet, A., Fabricius, M., Farrens, S., Ferriol, S., Fosalba, P., Fotopoulou, S., Frailis, M., Franceschi, E., Franzetti, P., Frugier, P. -A., Fumana, M., Galeotta, S., Garilli, B., Gillard, W., Gillis, B., Giocoli, C., Gómez-Alvarez, P., Granett, B. R., Grazian, A., Grupp, F., Guzzo, L., Haugan, S. V. H., Herent, O., Hoar, J., Holliman, M. S., Hook, I., Hormuth, F., Hornstrup, A., Hudelot, P., Jahnke, K., Jhabvala, M., Joachimi, B., Keihänen, E., Kermiche, S., Kilbinger, M., Kubik, B., Kuijken, K., Kümmel, M., Kunz, M., Kurki-Suonio, H., Lahav, O., Laureijs, R., Ligori, S., Lilje, P. B., Lindholm, V., Lloro, I., Alvarez, J. Lorenzo, Maino, D., Maiorano, E., Mansutti, O., Marggraf, O., Martinet, N., Marulli, F., Masters, D. C., Maurogordato, S., Medinaceli, E., Mei, S., Melchior, M., Mellier, Y., Meneghetti, M., Merlin, E., Meylan, G., Miller, L., Mohr, J. J., Moresco, M., Moscardini, L., Nichol, R. C., Nutma, T., Padilla, C., Paech, K., Pasian, F., Peacock, J. A., Pedersen, K., Percival, W. J., Pettorino, V., Pires, S., Polenta, G., Poncet, M., Popa, L. A., Pozzetti, L., Raison, F., Rebolo, R., Refregier, A., Renzi, A., Riccio, G., Rix, Hans-Walter, Romelli, E., Roncarelli, M., Rosset, C., Rossetti, E., Rottgering, H. J. A., Saglia, R., Sapone, D., Sauvage, M., Scaramella, R., Schirmer, M., Schneider, P., Schrabback, T., Secroun, A., Seidel, G., Serrano, S., Sirignano, C., Sirri, G., Stanco, L., Starck, J. -L., Tallada-Crespí, P., Tavagnacco, D., Taylor, A. N., Teplitz, H. I., Tereno, I., Toledo-Moreo, R., Torradeflot, F., Tutusaus, I., Valentijn, E. A., Valenziano, L., Vassallo, T., Kleijn, G. Verdoes, Veropalumbo, A., Wachter, S., Wang, Y., Weller, J., Zamorani, G., Zoubian, J., Zucca, E., Baccigalupi, C., Bernardeau, F., Biviano, A., Bolzonella, M., Boucaud, A., Burigana, C., Calabrese, M., Casenove, P., Colodro-Conde, C., Crocce, M., De Lucia, G., Di Ferdinando, D., Vigo, J. A. Escartin, Fabbian, G., Farinelli, R., Finelli, F., George, K., Gracia-Carpio, J., Ilić, S., Israel, H., Mainetti, G., Marcin, S., Martinelli, M., Mauri, N., Neissner, C., Nguyen-Kim, H. N., Pezzotta, A., Pöntinen, M., Porciani, C., Sakr, Z., Scottez, V., Sefusatti, E., Tenti, M., Viel, M., Wiesmann, M., Akrami, Y., Allevato, V., Anselmi, S., Aubourg, E., Ballardini, M., Bertacca, D., Bethermin, M., Blanchard, A., Blot, L., Borgani, S., Borlaff, A. S., Bruton, S., Cabanac, R., Calabro, A., Calderone, G., Canas-Herrera, G., Cappi, A., Carvalho, C. S., Castignani, G., Castro, T., Chambers, K. C., Chary, R., Contarini, S., Cooray, A. R., Cordes, O., Costanzi, M., Cucciati, O., Davini, S., De Caro, B., Desprez, G., Díaz-Sánchez, A., Di Domizio, S., Dole, H., Escoffier, S., Ferrari, A. G., Ferreira, P. G., Ferrero, I., Finoguenov, A., Fontana, A., Fornari, F., Gabarra, L., Ganga, K., García-Bellido, J., Gautard, V., Gaztanaga, E., Giacomini, F., Gianotti, F., Gozaliasl, G., Gregorio, A., Hall, A., Hartley, W. G., Hildebrandt, H., Hjorth, J., Huertas-Company, M., Ilbert, O., Joudaki, S., Kajava, J. J. E., Kansal, V., Karagiannis, D., Kirkpatrick, C. C., Lacasa, F., Graet, J. Le, Legrand, L., Libet, G., Loureiro, A., Macias-Perez, J., Magliocchetti, M., Mancini, C., Mannucci, F., Maoli, R., Martins, C. J. A. P., Matthew, S., Maurin, L., McPartland, C. J. R., Metcalf, R. B., Migliaccio, M., Miluzio, M., Monaco, P., Moretti, C., Morgante, G., Nadathur, S., Walton, Nicholas A., Odier, J., Oguri, M., Patrizii, L., Popa, V., Potter, D., Pourtsidou, A., Reimberg, P., Risso, I., Rocci, P. -F., Rollins, R. P., Rusholme, B., Sahlén, M., Sánchez, A. G., Scarlata, C., Schaye, J., Schewtschenko, J. A., Schneider, A., Schultheis, M., Sereno, M., Shankar, F., Sikkema, G., Silvestri, A., Simon, P., Mancini, A. Spurio, Stadel, J., Stanford, S. A., Steinwagner, J., Tanidis, K., Tao, C., Tessore, N., Testera, G., Tewes, M., Teyssier, R., Toft, S., Tosi, S., Troja, A., Tucci, M., Valieri, C., Valiviita, J., Vergani, D., Vernizzi, F., Verza, G., Vielzeuf, P., Weaver, J. R., Zalesky, L., Zinchenko, I. A., Archidiacono, M., Atrio-Barandela, F., Bouvard, T., Caro, F., Dimauro, P., Duc, P. -A., Fang, Y., Ferguson, A. M. N., Gasparetto, T., Gutierrez, C. M., Kova{č}ić, I., Kruk, S., Brun, A. M. C. Le, Liaudat, T. I., Montoro, A., Murray, C., Pagano, L., Paoletti, D., Sarpa, E., Viitanen, A., Lesgourgues, J., and Martín-Fleitas, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

This paper presents the specification, design, and development of the Visible Camera (VIS) on the ESA Euclid mission. VIS is a large optical-band imager with a field of view of 0.54 deg^2 sampled at 0.1" with an array of 609 Megapixels and spatial resolution of 0.18". It will be used to survey approximately 14,000 deg^2 of extragalactic sky to measure the distortion of galaxies in the redshift range z=0.1-1.5 resulting from weak gravitational lensing, one of the two principal cosmology probes of Euclid. With photometric redshifts, the distribution of dark matter can be mapped in three dimensions, and, from how this has changed with look-back time, the nature of dark energy and theories of gravity can be constrained. The entire VIS focal plane will be transmitted to provide the largest images of the Universe from space to date, reaching m_AB>24.5 with S/N >10 in a single broad I_E~(r+i+z) band over a six year survey. The particularly challenging aspects of the instrument are the control and calibration of observational biases, which lead to stringent performance requirements and calibration regimes. With its combination of spatial resolution, calibration knowledge, depth, and area covering most of the extra-Galactic sky, VIS will also provide a legacy data set for many other fields. This paper discusses the rationale behind the VIS concept and describes the instrument design and development before reporting the pre-launch performance derived from ground calibrations and brief results from the in-orbit commissioning. VIS should reach fainter than m_AB=25 with S/N>10 for galaxies of full-width half-maximum of 0.3" in a 1.3" diameter aperture over the Wide Survey, and m_AB>26.4 for a Deep Survey that will cover more than 50 deg^2. The paper also describes how VIS works with the other Euclid components of survey, telescope, and science data processing to extract the cosmological information., Comment: Paper submitted as part of the A&A special issue `Euclid on Sky', which contains Euclid key reference papers and first results from the Euclid Early Release Observations

Published
2024

41. Monitizer: Automating Design and Evaluation of Neural Network Monitors

Author

Azeem, Muqsit, Grobelna, Marta, Kanav, Sudeep, Kretinsky, Jan, Mohr, Stefanie, and Rieder, Sabine

Subjects
Computer Science - Machine Learning, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence, Computer Science - Software Engineering
Abstract

The behavior of neural networks (NNs) on previously unseen types of data (out-of-distribution or OOD) is typically unpredictable. This can be dangerous if the network's output is used for decision-making in a safety-critical system. Hence, detecting that an input is OOD is crucial for the safe application of the NN. Verification approaches do not scale to practical NNs, making runtime monitoring more appealing for practical use. While various monitors have been suggested recently, their optimization for a given problem, as well as comparison with each other and reproduction of results, remain challenging. We present a tool for users and developers of NN monitors. It allows for (i) application of various types of monitors from the literature to a given input NN, (ii) optimization of the monitor's hyperparameters, and (iii) experimental evaluation and comparison to other approaches. Besides, it facilitates the development of new monitoring approaches. We demonstrate the tool's usability on several use cases of different types of users as well as on a case study comparing different approaches from recent literature., Comment: accepted at CAV 2024

Published
2024

42. Bulk-like Mott-Transition in ultrathin Cr-doped V2O3 films and the influence of its variability on scaled devices

Author

Mohr, Johannes, Hennen, Tyler, Bedau, Daniel, Waser, Rainer, and Wouters, Dirk J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Strongly Correlated Electrons, Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

The pressure driven Mott-transition in Chromium doped V2O3 films is investigated by direct electrical measurements on polycrystalline films with thicknesses down to 10 nm, and doping concentrations of 2%, 5% and 15%. A change in resistivity of nearly two orders of magnitude is found for 2% doping. A simulation model based on a scaling law description of the phase transition and percolative behavior in a resistor lattice is developed. This is used to show that despite significant deviations in the film structure from single crystals, the transition behavior is very similar. Finally, the influence of the variability between grains on the characteristics of scaled devices is investigated and found to allow for scaling down to at least 50 nm device width.

Published
2024

43. State of Ohio Schools 2023: A Legacy of Neglect -- and How to Overcome It. K-12 Education

Author

Policy Matters Ohio, Pruitt, Tanisha, and Mohr, Cassie

Abstract

Ohio's students deserve a world-class education, including safe and well-resourced schools that are staffed with teachers who are well trained and fairly paid. However, the combined effects of the COVID pandemic and Ohio's legacy of inadequate, inequitable funding have weakened the role school plays as a foundational public institution. Ohio ranks 21st in the nation for K-12 education, 46th for equitable distribution of funding, and 40th in starting teacher salaries. Ohio public schools educate 1.7 million students across racial, gender, socioeconomic and geographic lines -- and every one of them deserves better. The state of the schools is a direct result of policy choices made by legislators. This report, which focuses largely on public schools, describes how Ohio's schools are funded in the most recent budget, examines staffing issues, summarizes critical performance metrics and identifies new legislation that will impact education throughout the state. Policy recommendations are provided that will make Ohio's schools better places to learn, grow, teach and work.

Published
2023

44. Longterm physicochemical stability of ready-to-administer human insulin injection solutions 1 I.U./mL in 50 mL plastic syringes

Author

Erdnüß Frank, Mohr André, and Krämer Irene

Subjects
continuous intravenous injection, eva infusion bag, human insulin 1 i.u./ml, physicochemical stability, plastic syringe, polyolefin, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950, Pharmaceutical industry, HD9665-9675
Abstract

The objective of this study was to investigate the physicochemical stability of ready-to-adminster human insulin (HI) 1 I.U./mL injection solutions of two different brand products diluted with 0.9% NaCl solution under different storage conditions either in 50 mL disposable plastic syringes or as bulk solution in infusion bags.

Published
2022
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45. Factors Associated with Adoption of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Treatment for Advanced Melanoma: A SEER-Medicare Cohort Study.

Author

Mohr, Cassandra, Liao, Kaiping, Hinkston, Candice, Wehner, Michael, and Li, Meng

Subjects
Epidemiology, Health services research, Melanoma
Abstract

We aimed to explore the differences in immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) immunotherapy utilization for advanced melanoma by examining patient and neighborhood characteristics. We performed a retrospective cohort study using a deidentified, random sample of SEER-Medicare beneficiaries aged ≥65 years with stage III or stage IV melanoma (2011-2017). Our primary outcome was initiation of ICI immunotherapy (ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, or atezolizumab) after stage III or stage IV melanoma diagnosis. We analyzed ICI usage with multivariable logistic regression. After analyzing the entire 2011-2017 cohort, we conducted a secondary analysis in which we separately analyzed the 2011-2014 and 2015-2017 cohorts to assess possible differences over time. We included 3531 beneficiaries, with mean follow-up of 2.1 (SD = 2.0) years. Higher likelihood of ICI usage was associated with male sex (OR = 1.21, 95% confidence interval = 1.04-1.42) and higher density of medical oncologists (OR = 1.02, 95% confidence interval = 1.01-1.04). Lower likelihood of ICI usage was associated with older age group and Charlson comorbidity score (score ≥2; OR = 0.72, 95% confidence interval = 0.60-0.86). These associations were diminished in more recent years (no association with sex, medical oncologist density, Charlson comorbidity score, and association with only the oldest age group in years 2015-2017). We found significant sex- and age-related differences in initiation among SEER-Medicare beneficiaries with stage III or stage IV melanoma, which appear to be improving over time.

Published
2024

46. Gut microbiome remodeling and metabolomic profile improves in response to protein pacing with intermittent fasting versus continuous caloric restriction.

Author

Mohr, Alex, Sweazea, Karen, Bowes, Devin, Jasbi, Paniz, Whisner, Corrie, Krajmalnik-Brown, Rosa, Jin, Yan, Gu, Haiwei, Klein-Seetharaman, Judith, Arciero, Karen, Gumpricht, Eric, Arciero, Paul, and Sears, Dorothy

Subjects
Humans, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Caloric Restriction, Male, Female, Fasting, Adult, Middle Aged, Body Composition, Metabolomics, Feces, Metabolome, Weight Loss, Obesity, Dietary Proteins, Intermittent Fasting
Abstract

The gut microbiome (GM) modulates body weight/composition and gastrointestinal functioning; therefore, approaches targeting resident gut microbes have attracted considerable interest. Intermittent fasting (IF) and protein pacing (P) regimens are effective in facilitating weight loss (WL) and enhancing body composition. However, the interrelationships between IF- and P-induced WL and the GM are unknown. The current randomized controlled study describes distinct fecal microbial and plasma metabolomic signatures between combined IF-P (n = 21) versus a heart-healthy, calorie-restricted (CR, n = 20) diet matched for overall energy intake in free-living human participants (women = 27; men = 14) with overweight/obesity for 8 weeks. Gut symptomatology improves and abundance of Christensenellaceae microbes and circulating cytokines and amino acid metabolites favoring fat oxidation increase with IF-P (p

Published
2024

47. Adaptive optical third-harmonic generation microscopy for in vivo imaging of tissues

Author

Rodríguez, Cristina, Pan, Daisong, Natan, Ryan G, Mohr, Manuel A, Miao, Max, Chen, Xiaoke, Northen, Trent R, Vogel, John P, and Ji, Na

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Neurosciences, Physical Sciences, Bioengineering, Biomedical Imaging
Abstract

Third-harmonic generation microscopy is a powerful label-free nonlinear imaging technique, providing essential information about structural characteristics of cells and tissues without requiring external labelling agents. In this work, we integrated a recently developed compact adaptive optics module into a third-harmonic generation microscope, to measure and correct for optical aberrations in complex tissues. Taking advantage of the high sensitivity of the third-harmonic generation process to material interfaces and thin membranes, along with the 1,300-nm excitation wavelength used here, our adaptive optical third-harmonic generation microscope enabled high-resolution in vivo imaging within highly scattering biological model systems. Examples include imaging of myelinated axons and vascular structures within the mouse spinal cord and deep cortical layers of the mouse brain, along with imaging of key anatomical features in the roots of the model plant Brachypodium distachyon. In all instances, aberration correction led to significant enhancements in image quality.

Published
2024

48. Antihypertensive Medications and Risk of Melanoma and Keratinocyte Carcinomas: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Author

Cohen, Olivia, Taylor, Matthew, Mohr, Cassandra, Nead, Kevin, Hinkston, Candice, Giordano, Sharon, Langan, Sinead, Margolis, David, and Wehner, Mackenzie

Subjects
Basal cell carcinoma, Epidemiology, Health services research, Melanoma, Squamous cell carcinoma
Abstract

Some antihypertensive medications are photosensitizing. The implications for skin cancer risk remain unclear because results from prior studies are inconsistent and as new evidence is published. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the association between antihypertensives and common skin cancers (cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, and melanoma) and to evaluate dose-response relationships. Forty-four articles met inclusion criteria, and 42 could be meta analyzed. Increased risks were seen for basal cell carcinoma with calcium channel blockers (relative risk [RR] = 1.17, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-1.22), diuretics (RR = 1.06, 95% CI = 1.03-1.10), and thiazides (RR = 1.10, 95% CI = 1.04-1.16); for squamous cell carcinoma with calcium channel blockers (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.01-1.14), diuretics (RR = 1.29, 95% CI = 1.17-1.43), and thiazides (RR = 1.36, 95% CI = 1.15-1.61); and for melanoma in angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.03-1.14), calcium channel blockers (RR = 1.08, 95% CI = 1.03-1.12), and thiazides (RR = 1.09, 95% CI = 1.02-1.17). The quality of evidence was low or very low. We observed evidence for dose-response for thiazides with basal cell carcinoma; angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and thiazides with squamous cell carcinoma; and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, diuretics, and thiazides with melanoma. Our meta-analysis supports a potential causal association between some antihypertensives, particularly diuretics, and skin cancer risk.

Published
2024

49. The Gravitational Lensing Imprints of DES Y3 Superstructures on the CMB: A Matched Filtering Approach

Author

Demirbozan, Umut, Nadathur, Seshadri, Ferrero, Ismael, Fosalba, Pablo, Kovacs, Andras, Miquel, Ramon, Davies, Christopher T., Pandey, Shivam, Adamow, Monika, Bechtol, Keith, Drlica-Wagner, Alex, Gruendl, Robert, Hartley, Will, Pieres, Adriano, Ross, Ashley, Rykoff, Eli, Sheldon, Erin, Yanny, Brian, Abbott, Tim, Aguena, Michel, Allam, Sahar, Alves, Otavio, Bacon, David, Bertin, Emmanuel, Bocquet, Sebastian, Brooks, David, Rosell, Aurelio Carnero, Carretero, Jorge, Cawthon, Ross, da Costa, Luiz, Pereira, Maria Elidaiana da Silva, De Vicente, Juan, Desai, Shantanu, Doel, Peter, Everett, Spencer, Flaugher, Brenna, Friedel, Douglas, Frieman, Josh, Gatti, Marco, Gaztanaga, Enrique, Giannini, Giulia, Gutierrez, Gaston, Hinton, Samuel, Hollowood, Devon L., James, David, Jeffrey, Niall, Kuehn, Kyler, Lahav, Ofer, Lee, Sujeong, Marshall, Jennifer, Mena-Fernández, Juan, Mohr, Joe, Myles, Justin, Ogando, Ricardo, Malagón, Andrés Plazas, Roodman, Aaron, Sanchez, Eusebio, Sevilla, Ignacio, Smith, Mathew, Soares-Santos, Marcelle, Suchyta, Eric, Swanson, Molly, Tarle, Gregory, Weaverdyck, Noah, Weller, Jochen, and Wiseman, Philip

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

$ $Low density cosmic voids gravitationally lens the cosmic microwave background (CMB), leaving a negative imprint on the CMB convergence $\kappa$. This effect provides insight into the distribution of matter within voids, and can also be used to study the growth of structure. We measure this lensing imprint by cross-correlating the Planck CMB lensing convergence map with voids identified in the Dark Energy Survey Year 3 data set, covering approximately 4,200 deg$^2$ of the sky. We use two distinct void-finding algorithms: a 2D void-finder which operates on the projected galaxy density field in thin redshift shells, and a new code, Voxel, which operates on the full 3D map of galaxy positions. We employ an optimal matched filtering method for cross-correlation, using the MICE N-body simulation both to establish the template for the matched filter and to calibrate detection significances. Using the DES Y3 photometric luminous red galaxy sample, we measure $A_\kappa$, the amplitude of the observed lensing signal relative to the simulation template, obtaining $A_\kappa = 1.03 \pm 0.22$ ($4.6\sigma$ significance) for Voxel and $A_\kappa = 1.02 \pm 0.17$ ($5.9\sigma$ significance) for 2D voids, both consistent with $\Lambda$CDM expectations. We additionally invert the 2D void-finding process to identify superclusters in the projected density field, for which we measure $A_\kappa = 0.87 \pm 0.15$ ($5.9\sigma$ significance). The leading source of noise in our measurements is Planck noise, implying that future data from the Atacama Cosmology Telescope (ACT), South Pole Telescope (SPT) and CMB-S4 will increase sensitivity and allow for more precise measurements., Comment: 16 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS

Published
2024

50. Deciphering seasonal depression variations and interplays between weather changes, physical activity, and depression severity in real-world settings: Learnings from RADAR-MDD longitudinal mobile health study

Author

Zhang, Yuezhou, Folarin, Amos A., Ranjan, Yatharth, Cummins, Nicholas, Rashid, Zulqarnain, Conde, Pauline, Stewart, Callum, Sun, Shaoxiong, Vairavan, Srinivasan, Matcham, Faith, Oetzmann, Carolin, Siddi, Sara, Lamers, Femke, Simblett, Sara, Wykes, Til, Mohr, David C., Haro, Josep Maria, Penninx, Brenda W. J. H., Narayan, Vaibhav A., Hotopf, Matthew, Dobson, Richard J. B., Pratap, Abhishek, and consortium, RADAR-CNS

Subjects
Statistics - Applications
Abstract

Prior research has shown that changes in seasons and weather can have a significant impact on depression severity. However, findings are inconsistent across populations, and the interplay between weather, behavior, and depression has not been fully quantified. This study analyzed real-world data from 428 participants (a subset; 68.7% of the cohort) in the RADAR-MDD longitudinal mobile health study to investigate seasonal variations in depression (measured through a remote validated assessment - PHQ-8) and examine the potential interplay between dynamic weather changes, physical activity (monitored via wearables), and depression severity. The clustering of PHQ-8 scores identified four distinct seasonal variations in depression severity: one stable trend and three varying patterns where depression peaks in different seasons. Among these patterns, participants within the stable trend had the oldest average age (p=0.002) and the lowest baseline PHQ-8 score (p=0.003). Mediation analysis assessing the indirect effect of weather on physical activity and depression showed significant differences among participants with different affective responses to weather. These findings illustrate the heterogeneity in individuals' seasonal depression variations and responses to weather, underscoring the necessity for personalized approaches to help understand the impact of environmental factors on the real-world effectiveness of behavioral treatments.

Published
2024

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