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Purpose: This study investigates how physical therapists and daycare staff together contribute to enabling children with severe motor disabilities to play in daycare settings. Design, Material, and Method: The study employs a qualitative design where data is collected through interviews with physical therapists and daycare staff, and observations of physical therapy treatments and play events in the daycare. The analysis is inspired by phenomenological thematic analysis with connections to play theories and enactive theory. Findings: Children with severe motor disabilities can play and want to play. The adults work to promote interactive play, but their understanding of play, the body, and physical therapy influences how play unfolds. Attentiveness, creativity, and interaction support play, while practical tasks and rules governance limit it. Adapting play to the child's body as is facilitates play on the child's terms. Conclusion: Adults can support the child's play through creative adjustments and adaptations, combined with attention and curiosity about the child's own sense-making.

Objective: Hyperthyroidism increases cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we compared non-invasive haemodynamics between 20 hyperthyroid patients and 60 euthyroid subjects. Methods: The measurements were performed median 6 days after the initiation of antithyroid medication when the patients were still hyperthyroid. Three controls matched for age, sex, body mass index, and smoking status were selected for each patient. Recordings were performed during rest and passive head-up tilt using whole-body impedance cardiography, radial pulse wave analysis, and finger blood pressure measurements. Results: Systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the aorta and radial artery were similar in hyperthyroid and euthyroid subjects, while finger blood pressure was 16/12 mm Hg lower in hyperthyroidism (P < 0.001). Pulse wave velocity and aortic pulse pressure were similar, but radial pulse pressure was ~5 mm Hg higher in hyperthyroidism (P = 0.040) due to augmented amplification (P = 0.045). Systemic vascular resistance was reduced (−18%), whereas heart rate (+19 beats/min), cardiac index (+28%), and left cardiac work (+31%) were increased in hyperthyroidism (P < 0.001). Subendocardial viability ratio, reflecting the balance between coronary perfusion and pressure load, was reduced by 19% in hyperthyroidism (P < 0.001). Compared with euthyroid subjects, hyperthyroid patients presented with reductions in systolic and diastolic finger blood pressures (P < 0.001), and a higher increase in heart rate (P = 0.014) during upright posture. Conclusions: Hyperthyroid patients exhibited hyperdynamic circulation, reduced vascular resistance, reduced peripheral but not central blood pressure, and higher pulse pressure amplification. Furthermore, the left cardiac workload was increased in parallel with unfavourable changes in coronary perfusion conditions.

In this article, we report a case study of our experiences of a curriculum reform process based on the principles of phenomenon-based learning in higher education in the context of Finnish teacher education. We explore how democracy and participation were present in the decision-making process, highlighting the challenges of promoting the phenomenon-based approach and collaboration. First, we describe the reform's rationale, then the theoretical framework, methodology and the reform process. Next, we reflect on our experiences through documentary and interview data. The change process included representative and participative democracy approaches as well as an aristocratic approach. An individualistic culture became more collaborative, while the content-based curriculum evolved into a more phenomenon-based approach. Using an autoethnographic approach, we discuss our understanding of how the local teacher education community's response to the curriculum changes and the organizational culture overall became more positive. We conclude that organizational power structures, the autonomy of teacher educators, and collegial trust and support were crucial to the reform process.

Abstract This paper presents the Archaeological Artefact Database of Finland (AADA) of prehistoric (covering period of almost 11,000 years) artefacts in Finland that are categorised by type and are accompanied with photos of the artefacts. The database is intended to contain all typologically classifiable prehistoric artefacts found in Finland and held in Finnish collections. This dataset provides spatio-temporal context for artefacts across different time periods and regions, as it includes approximately 38,000 single artefacts and approximately 10,000 pottery type identifications from the Early Mesolithic to the end of the Iron Age in Finland (c. 8900 calBC - 1300/1500 calAD). In addition, the artefacts are given period-based (subperiod) dating to allow their chronological affiliation. To facilitate data usage, we also offer an R-script to replicate the data visualisation provided in this paper and a Python script to merge the artefact information to the pictures. We further work towards an interactive user interface for data download and visualization.

Abstract Background In familial pulmonary fibrosis (FPF) at least two biological relatives are affected. Patients with FPF have diverse clinical features. Research question We aimed to characterize demographic and clinical features, re-evaluate high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans and histopathology of surgical lung biopsies, assess survival and investigate the suitability of risk prediction models for FPF patients. Study design A retrospective cohort study. Methods FPF data (n = 68) were collected from the medical records of Oulu University Hospital (OUH) and Oulaskangas District Hospital between 1 Jan 2000 and 11 Jan 2023. The inclusion criterion was pulmonary fibrosis (PF) (ICD 10-code J84.X) and at least one self-reported relative with PF. Clinical information was gathered from hospital medical records. HRCT scans and histology were re-evaluated. Results Thirty-seven (54.4%) of the patients were men, and 31 (45.6%) were women. The mean ages of the women and men were 68.6 and 61.7 years, respectively (p = 0.003). Thirty-seven (54.4%) patients were nonsmokers. The most common radiological patterns were usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) (51/75.0%), unclassifiable (8/11.8%) and nonspecific interstitial pneumonia (NSIP) (3/4.4%). Pleuroparenchymal fibroelastosis (PPFE) was observed as a single or combined pattern in 13.2% of the patients. According to the 2022 guidelines for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the patients were categorized as UIP (31/45.6%), probable UIP (20/29.4%), indeterminate for UIP (7/10.3%) or alternative diagnosis (10/14.7%). The histopathological patterns were UIP (7/41.2%), probable UIP (1/5.9%), indeterminate for UIP (8/47.2%) and alternative diagnosis (1/5.9%). Rare genetic variants were found in 9 patients; these included telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT, n = 6), telomerase RNA component (TERC, n = 2) and regulator of telomere elongation helicase 1 (RTEL1, n = 1). Half of the patients died (n = 29) or underwent lung transplantation (n = 5), with a median survival of 39.9 months. The risk prediction models composite physiology index (CPI), hazard ratio (HR) 1.07 (95.0% CI 1.04–1.10), and gender-age-physiology index (GAP) stage I predicted survival statistically significantly (p

Abstract Multimode behavior plays a key role in a wide range of nonlinear optical phenomena. Multiple exciton-polariton modes can attain macroscopic population as observed in time-integrated measurements. Recent theory work has shown that, rather than being simultaneously in many modes, the population may temporally switch between the modes. However, the origin and the dynamics of multimode condensation has not been experimentally addressed. Here, we study the dynamics of exciton-polariton condensation into multiple modes of Gaussian defect microcavities filled with ladder type polymer gain material methyl-substituted ladder-type poly(p-phenylene) MeLPPP. We deploy a second-order cumulant model to simulate the dynamics of the system and find picosecond-timescale switching between condensate modes. By interferometric measurements we reveal the experimental signatures of such mode competition behaviour.

Biodiversity offsetting is the process of using protection, habitat restoration and habitat maintenance to compensate for ecological damage to biodiversity caused by human activity, such as construction of infrastructure projects. Offsetting has been criticized for failure to deliver biodiversity no net loss, the common goal of offsetting. Reasons of failure can be broadly divided into failures in planning, failures in project-level implementation, and systemic failures of offset frameworks. One way to fail is inadequate monitoring that does not observe deficient implementation or unexpectedly poor outcomes of restoration or maintenance. Here, we consolidate understanding about the role and importance of monitoring in offsetting. We review different types of monitoring relevant in the context of offsetting and consider monitoring from the perspective of an individual project versus the offset system. We organize pros and cons of different types of monitoring from the perspective of different actors involved in offsetting. We also discuss funding for monitoring and the development of the offset framework: where should the money come from. Overall, we provide conservation managers a useful summary that can be used to formulate, update, and improve offset monitoring schemes, both for individual projects and for regional or national offset frameworks.

Background The m.3243A>G variant in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) is the most common cause of the MELAS (Mitochondrial encephalopathy, lactic acidosis and stroke-like episodes) syndrome usually commencing in childhood or adolescence. In adults, the variant presents with versatile and mostly neurological phenotypes, but MELAS may not be common.Objective To examine the frequency of phenotypes in adults with m.3243A>G in a population-based cohort and in a meta-analysis of reported case series.Methods We clinically examined 51 adult patients with m.3243A>G to determine the frequency of phenotypes and to analyse the contribution of variant heteroplasmy, age, sex and mtDNA haplogroup to the phenotypes. The frequencies of neurological features were also assessed in a meta-analysis on 25 published case series reporting 1314 patients.Results Sensorineural hearing impairment (HI), cognitive impairment and myopathy were the most common manifestations, whereas stroke-like episodes were infrequent. Variant heteroplasmy and age were only modest predictors of the phenotypes, although heteroplasmy correlated significantly with disability and Kaplan-Meier analysis showed progression of phenotypes with age. Male sex predicted more severe disability, whereas haplogroup UK was associated with no significant disability. Meta-analysis revealed substantial heterogeneity of phenotype frequencies and preferential inclusion of the MELAS phenotype.Discussion In adult patients with m.3243A>G sensorineural HI, cognitive impairment and myopathy are common manifestations with lifetime prevalences approaching unity. Stroke-like episodes are rare. Variant heteroplasmy, age, sex and mtDNA haplogroup contribute to the severity of the disease. Meta-analysis provided a solid estimate of the various neurological symptoms in adults with m.3243A>G.

Abstract Molecular systems known as single-molecule magnets (SMMs) exhibit magnet-like behaviour of slow relaxation of the magnetisation and magnetic hysteresis and have potential application in high-density memory storage or quantum computing. Often, their intrinsic magnetic properties are plagued by low-energy molecular vibrations that lead to phonon-induced relaxation processes, however, there is no straightforward synthetic approach for molecular systems that would lead to a small amount of low-energy vibrations and low phonon density of states at the spin-resonance energies. In this work, we apply knowledge accumulated over the last decade in molecular magnetism to nanoparticles, incorporating Er3+ ions in an ultrasmall sub-3 nm diamagnetic NaYF4 nanoparticle (NP) and probing the slow relaxation dynamics intrinsic to the Er3+ ion. Furthermore, by increasing the doping concentration, we also investigate the role of intraparticle interactions within the NP. The knowledge gained from this study is anticipated to enable better design of magnetically high-performance molecular and bulk magnets for a wide variety of applications, such as molecular electronics.

Abstract Background Angiogenesis is crucial for tumor development, progression, and metastasizing. The most important regulator of angiogenesis is the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family, which is involved in multiple pathways in tumor microenvironment. The objective of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the VEGF family in patients treated for metastatic breast cancer. The emphasis was on neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) and placental growth factor (PlGF). Materials and methods An analysis of eight members of the VEGF family was performed using baseline plasma samples of 65 patients treated for metastatic HER2 negative breast cancer in a phase II first-line bevacizumab plus chemotherapy trial. The patients were divided into two groups, high or low, according to the median for each VEGF family member. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were determined for each VEGF family member. Results The patients with low plasma levels of NRP-1 and PlGF had a longer OS than those with high plasma levels [multivariable adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) 2.54 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–5.82, p = 0.02) and 3.11 (95% CI 1.30–7.47, p = 0.01), respectively]. The patients with low levels of both NRP-1 and PlGF had a remarkably long OS with HR of 6.24, (95% CI 1.97–19.76, p = 0.002). In addition, high baseline NRP-1 level was associated with a significantly shorter PFS [multivariable adjusted HR 2.90 (95% CI 1.02–8.28, p = 0.04)] than that in the low-level group, and a high baseline vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 level was associated with a longer PFS [multivariable adjusted HR 0.43 (95% CI 0.19–0.98, p = 0.04)]. Conclusion Especially NRP-1 and PlGF have prognostic potential in metastatic breast cancer patients treated with a bevacizumab-taxane combination. Patients with low plasma levels of NRP-1 or PlGF have longer OS than patients with high levels. Patients with both low NRP-1 and PlGF levels appear to have excellent long-term survival. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT00979641, registration date 18/09/2009. The regional Ethics Committee: R08142M, registration date 18/11/2008.

Abstract Aneuploidies, and in particular, trisomies represent the most common genetic aberrations observed in human genetics today. To explore the presence of trisomies in historic and prehistoric populations we screen nearly 10,000 ancient human individuals for the presence of three copies of any of the target autosomes. We find clear genetic evidence for six cases of trisomy 21 (Down syndrome) and one case of trisomy 18 (Edwards syndrome), and all cases are present in infant or perinatal burials. We perform comparative osteological examinations of the skeletal remains and find overlapping skeletal markers, many of which are consistent with these syndromes. Interestingly, three cases of trisomy 21, and the case of trisomy 18 were detected in two contemporaneous sites in early Iron Age Spain (800-400 BCE), potentially suggesting a higher frequency of burials of trisomy carriers in those societies. Notably, the care with which the burials were conducted, and the items found with these individuals indicate that ancient societies likely acknowledged these individuals with trisomy 18 and 21 as members of their communities, from the perspective of burial practice.

Research that examines generalist preservice teachers' memories from the viewpoint of a specific subject is scarce. As generalist teachers' self-efficacy varies between subjects, subject-oriented research is needed. This qualitative study explores the meaningful memories of visual arts education for twenty-one preservice generalist teachers in Finland. The data, analyzed via an abductive approach and a constant comparison method, consists of participants' written memories. According to the findings, the nature of preservice generalist teachers' memories of visual arts education is a result of negotiation between personal (i.e., their personal relationship with visual arts) and structural (i.e., changes in curricula) aspects. Teachers were presented as playing important mediatory roles between these two domains, as both the positive and negative memories of the participants often included personified descriptions of their teachers. The implications for both visual arts and teacher education are also provided.

Early childhood education and care (ECEC) serves as a crucial foundation for children’s holistic growth and lifelong learning. Despite its significance, comparative analyses of leading ECEC documents across cultures remain limited. To address this gap, our study conducts a comparative analysis to identify key aspects and examine similarities and differences in national ECEC documents from China and Finland. Methodologically, we used a triangle of researchers from China and Finland. We employed qualitative content analysis to systematically identify, examine, and compare the key aspects in these two countries from the leading ECEC documents, i.e., the Chinese national ECEC guidelines and the Finnish ECEC national core curriculum. The findings reveal numerous similarities alongside notable differences. Both countries place a high value on ECEC, emphasizing principles that shape the learning environment and use diverse pedagogical methods. However, nuanced variations exist in the approaches. The Chinese documents feature more specific guidelines tailored to different age groups, accompanied by detailed pedagogical suggestions, while the Finnish national core curriculum offers general guidelines for all preschool age groups, complemented by the unique feature of individual development plans for each child. The findings have significant implications for policymakers, ECEC educators, and practitioners in international contexts. Future studies are needed to further explore the specific pedagogies in ECEC between these two nations and to analyze how the curriculum and educational guidelines are implemented in pedagogical practices.

Satisfaction with the detection process of autism and its determinants was investigated using data from the Autism Spectrum Disorder in the European Union (2015-2018) network. A total of 1342 family members, including 1278 parents, completed an online survey collecting information about their experience and satisfaction with the early detection of autism in their child. Overall, the level of satisfaction varied considerably from one respondent to another. Difficulty in finding information about detection services, lack of professional guidance and support in response to first concerns, finding a diagnostic service on one's own, and a delay of more than 4 months between the confirmation of concerns and the first appointment with a specialist were all experiences individually associated with greater odds of being less satisfied. Using a dominance analysis approach, we further identified professional guidance and support in response to first concerns as the most important predictor of the level of satisfaction. These findings highlight the aspects of the process that need to be improved to enhance the experience of the detection process and are therefore relevant to guide health administrations toward actions to be implemented to this effect.

Abstract Sustainability transitions have effects on working life, but there are no standardized measurement instruments for understanding employees’ views on their effects. This article presents a novel survey targeted at employees to gather information on employees’ perceptions of sustainability in their work. A survey was designed to gather information on all workers, regardless of the economic sector in which they work in, to broadly capture transition-relevant changes in working life. These include measuring the actions of both work organizations and employees to work in a more sustainable way. This paper presents the survey with findings from a nationally representative data collection taken in Finland. The topics include questions from work organizations’ sustainability actions to employees’ own sustainable actions. The results show the differences in organizations and individuals’ actions in working life. Large work organizations are most active, and there are differences between sectors. Individuals’ sustainable actions are more common among women and climate worried employees. The method provides evidence of employees’ views and actions in sustainability transitions and improves our holistic understanding of transitions in all sectors of the economy. In addition, the results provoke new questions for both policy and research on how to acknowledge differences between social groups in transitions and support them in delivering a just sustainability transition.

Artikkelissa vastaamme kritiikkeihin, joita on kohdistettu aikaisempaan tutkimukseemme ekososialisaatiosta ja ekoindividuaatiosta uusina kasvatustieteellisinä käsitteinä. Artikkelissa tarkastelemme tutkimuksemme kritiikkejä sekä selvennämme siinä käyttämiämme käsitteitä ja sen argumentaation rakennetta. Lähteinä hyödynnämme ekososiaalisen kasvatuksen teoriaan liittyviä tutkimuksia sekä sivistysteoreettisen pedagogiikan perinteen teorioita ja malleja poliittisesta kasvatuksesta. Esitämme yhtäältä, että tutkimuksemme kritiikki on osittain perusteltua. Toisaalta väitämme, että kritiikki sisältää ongelmallisia piirteitä. Siksi allekirjoitamme edelleen kritiikkimme ekososialisaation ja ekoindividuaation käsitteistä. Muotoilemme johtopäätöksinä ehdotuksia ekososiaalisen kasvatus- ja sivistysteorian rakentamiseen.