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Prostate cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors among men worldwide, posing a significant threat to male health. Since prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) has been proved to be the preferred biomarker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, PSMA-targeted radiopharmaceuticals have made significant progress in the diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer, effectively improving the diagnostic sensitivity and treatment effect of prostate cancer. This article reviews the research progress of PSMA-targeted radioactive molecular probes in recent years, analyzes the design concepts of probe structure and summarizes the clinical experience. It is expected to benefit the development of radioactive molecular probes for diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective In view of the crucial role of indole propionic acid in the treatment of tumor immune checkpoint blockade and further revealing its mechanism, our study intended to design and synthesize 1-[18F]-fluoroethyl-indole propionic acid (1-[18 F]-IPA), and evaluate it as a tumor PET imaging agent. Methods The precursor 1- (2-p-toluenesulfonic acid oxygen ethyl)-methyl indole propionate underwent nucleophilic substitution reaction with 18F-. The crude product was separated and purified by high-performance liquid chromatography and the intermediates were collected. Finally, 1-[18F]-IPA was obtained by hydrolysis. The clarity of the product was measured by visual inspection, the pH value was determined by precision test paper, and the radiochemical purity and stability were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. In order to determine the biodistribution of 1-[18F]-IPA in normal mice, ICR mice were intravenously injected with 1-[18F]-IPA (0. 2 mL, 7 MBq), and sacrificed at 5, 15, 25, 45, 75 and 120 min and dissected. Micro-PET imaging was performed and analyzed in BxPC-3 tumor-bearing nude mice. Student t test was used to compare the biodistribution of tissues and organs at different time points. Results The total preparation time of 1-[18F]-IPA was 35-40 min, the radiochemical yield was (45±5)％, and the radiochemical purity was more than 95％. The product solution was clear without particles, and the pH value was 6. 5, which had good stability in vitro and in vivo. The results of biodistribution in healthy ICR mice showed that except for the brain, 1-[18 F]-IPA had a certain uptake in all major organs, with the most obvious uptake in the liver, gallbladder and kidneys. The radioactivity in the gallbladder gradually increased with time and reached (39. 86+6. 56)％ID/g at 120 min, but bone uptake did not change significantly with time. Micro-PET/CT showed that there was radioactive uptake at the tumor 30 min after injection of 1-[18F]-IPA in Dutch BxPC-3 nude mice, but it was not obvious. At this time, SUVmax was about 55. 18±14. 62. Consistent with the results of biodistribution, the brain uptake was low at each time point. Conclusion In summary, 1-[18F]-IPA with short preparation time and high yield is expected to be a tool to probe tryptophan indole metabolism pathway and further reveal tumor immune resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed in the mesenchyme of most malignant epithelial tumors, while its expression is low in normal tissues. FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) bind specifically to FAP and are used for tumor-targeted diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to radiosynthesize a novel molecular probe 131I-FAPI and evaluate its in-vitro targeting and biological characteristics. Methods: The structurally modified FAPI was labelled with 131I through the chloramine-T method. The radiolabeling rate was then detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The stability of 131I-FAPI was determined at PBS (room temperature) and serum (37°C). Its hydrophilicity was calculated by measuring its lipid-water partition coefficient. Pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell line and glioma U87 cell line were cultured in vitro. Cell uptake assay was used to show the binding ability of 131I-FAPI. The CCK-8 assay was used to calculate the inhibitory effects of 131I-FAPI at different time points (4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h) after comparing with the 131I and FAPI. The before-and-after-24h scratch areas of the two cells were determined in order to verify the effect of 131I-FAPI on the migration ability of the cells. Results: The radiolabeling rate was (84.9 ± 1.02) %. The radiochemical purity of 131I-FAPI remained over 80% in both 25°C PBS and 37°C serum. The value of the lipid-water partition coefficient was -0.869 ± 0.025, indicating the hydrophilic of the probe. The cellular uptake assay showed that U87 cells had a specific binding capacity for 131I-FAPI. In cell inhibition assays, the inhibitory effect of 131I-FAPI on U87 cells increased with time. The results of cell scratch assay showed that 131IFAPI had the strongest inhibitory effect on the migratory ability of U87 cells compared with 131I and FAPI (P<0.001). Conclusion: 131I-FAPI was synthesized with good in-vitro stability and hydrophilic properties. It can be specifically bound by U87 cells. The proliferation and migration of U87 cells can be effectively inhibited. 131I-FAPI is promising to become a therapeutic probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intrinsic correlation between depression and serotonin (5‐HT) is a highly debated topic, with significant implications for the diagnosis, treatment, and advancement of drugs targeting neurological disorders. To address this important question, it is of utmost priority to understand the action mechanism of serotonin in depression through fluorescence imaging studies. However, the development of efficient molecular probes for serotonin is hindered by the lack of responsive sites with high selectivity for serotonin at the present time. Herein, we developed the first highly selective serotonin responsive site, 3‐mercaptopropionate, utilizing thiol‐ene click cascade nucleophilic reactions. The novel responsive site was then employed to construct the powerful molecular probe SJ‐5‐HT for imaging the serotonin level changes in the depression cells and brain tissues. Importantly, the imaging studies reveal that the level of serotonin in patients with depression may not be the primary factor, while the ability of neurons in patients with depression to release serotonin appears to be more critical. Additionally, this serotonin release capability correlates strongly with the levels of mTOR (intracellular mammalian target of rapamycin). These discoveries could offer valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underpinning depression and furnish mTOR as a novel direction for the advancement of antidepressant therapies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed in the mesenchyme of most malignant epithelial tumors, while its expression is low in normal tissues. FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) bind specifically to FAP and are used for tumor-targeted diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to radiosynthesize a novel molecular probe 131I-FAPI and evaluate its in-vitro targeting and biological characteristics. Methods: The structurally modified FAPI was labelled with 131I through the chloramine-T method. The radiolabeling rate was then detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The stability of 131I-FAPI was determined at PBS (room temperature) and serum (37°C). Its hydrophilicity was calculated by measuring its lipid-water partition coefficient. Pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell line and glioma U87 cell line were cultured in vitro. Cell uptake assay was used to show the binding ability of 131I-FAPI. The CCK-8 assay was used to calculate the inhibitory effects of 131I-FAPI at different time points (4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h) after comparing with the 131I and FAPI. The before-and-after-24h scratch areas of the two cells were determined in order to verify the effect of 131I-FAPI on the migration ability of the cells. Results: The radiolabeling rate was (84.9 ± 1.02) %. The radiochemical purity of 131I-FAPI remained over 80% in both 25°C PBS and 37°C serum. The value of the lipid-water partition coefficient was -0.869 ± 0.025, indicating the hydrophilic of the probe. The cellular uptake assay showed that U87 cells had a specific binding capacity for 131I-FAPI. In cell inhibition assays, the inhibitory effect of 131I-FAPI on U87 cells increased with time. The results of cell scratch assay showed that 131IFAPI had the strongest inhibitory effect on the migratory ability of U87 cells compared with 131I and FAPI (P<0.001). Conclusion: 131I-FAPI was synthesized with good in-vitro stability and hydrophilic properties. It can be specifically bound by U87 cells. The proliferation and migration of U87 cells can be effectively inhibited. 131I-FAPI is promising to become a therapeutic probe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate visualization of tumor microenvironment is of great significance for personalized medicine. Here, we develop a near‐infrared (NIR) fluorescence/photoacoustic (FL/PA) dual‐mode molecular probe (denoted as NIR−CE) for distinguishing tumors based on carboxylesterase (CE) level by an analyte‐induced molecular transformation (AIMT) strategy. The recognition moiety for CE activity is the acetyl unit of NIR−CE, generating the pre‐product, NIR−CE−OH, which undergoes spontaneous hydrogen atom exchange between the nitrogen atoms in the indole group and the phenol hydroxyl group, eventually transforming into NIR−CE−H. In cellular experiments and in vivo blind studies, the human hepatoma cells and tumors with high level of CE were successfully distinguished by both NIR FL and PA imaging. Our findings provide a new molecular imaging strategy for personalized treatment guidance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We revisit one of the most used techniques for quantifying the aqueous OH radicals (OHaq) in plasma–liquid systems, the molecular probe method which obtains the [OHaq] by measuring a stable material formed through a rapid reaction between the molecular probe and the OHaq. In this study, we used disodium terephthalate (NaTA) as the molecular probe; the experimental results with a theoretical analysis suggest that to obtain the correct OHaq concentration, the concentration of the molecular probe should be greater than a certain value, which depends on the types of the plasma–liquid systems. However, this is not the case in most of the existing reports in which the NaTA is often much less than the requisite value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Precision medicine calls for advanced theranostics that integrate controllable diagnostic and therapeutic capabilities into one platform for disease treatment in the early stage. Phototheranostics such as fluorescence imaging (FLI), photoacoustic imaging (PAI), photodynamic therapy (PDT), and photothermal therapy (PTT) have attracted considerable attention in recent years, which mainly employ different excited‐state energy dissipation pathways of a chromophore. According to the Jablonski diagram, FLI is related to the radiative process, PAI and PTT are derived from the nonradiative thermal deactivation, and PDT originates from the triplet state energy, in which these processes are usually competitive. Therefore, it is critically important to precisely tune the photophysical energy transformation processes to realize certain diagnosis and treatment properties in optimal state for boosting biomedical applications. Currently, there are mainly two strategies including chemical structure and aggregate behavior changes that relate to the regulation of excited state energy dissipation. In this review, we will discuss the recent advances of smart molecular probes that the photophysical properties can be regulated by external triggers and their applications in biomedical fields. We will summarize the development of activatable phototheranostic molecular probes in response to stimuli such as reactive oxygen species, pH, light, hypoxia, enzyme and gas. The assembly and disassembly of molecular aggregates that greatly affect the photophysical energy transformation processes will also be highlighted. This review aims to provide valuable insights into the development of more accurate diagnostic and therapeutic systems, thereby advancing the emerging field of smart medicine.

Herein, we report the synthesis of a chemical probe for real-time visualization of L-type voltage-gated calcium channels (LTCCs) using fluorescence microscopy. The probe, FluoBar2, is based on a barbiturate ligand selective for LTCCs. FluoBar2 contains the organic fluorophore 5-carboxyfluorescein and was synthesized in seven total steps with a 22% overall yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PurposeFibroblast activation protein (FAP) is highly expressed in the mesenchyme of most malignant epithelial tumors, while its expression is low in normal tissues. FAP inhibitors (FAPIs) bind specifically to FAP and are used for tumor-targeted diagnosis and therapy. The aim of this study was to radiosynthesize a novel molecular probe 131I-FAPI and evaluate its in-vitro targeting and biological characteristics.MethodsThe structurally modified FAPI was labelled with 131I through the chloramine-T method. The radiolabeling rate was then detected by thin-layer chromatography (TLC). The stability of 131I-FAPI was determined at PBS (room temperature) and serum (37°C). Its hydrophilicity was calculated by measuring its lipid-water partition coefficient. Pancreatic cancer PANC-1 cell line and glioma U87 cell line were cultured in vitro. Cell uptake assay was used to show the binding ability of 131I-FAPI. The CCK-8 assay was used to calculate the inhibitory effects of 131I-FAPI at different time points (4h, 8h, 12h, 24h, 48h) after comparing with the 131I and FAPI. The before-and-after-24h scratch areas of the two cells were determined in order to verify the effect of 131I-FAPI on the migration ability of the cells.ResultsThe radiolabeling rate was (84.9 ± 1.02) %. The radiochemical purity of 131I-FAPI remained over 80% in both 25°C PBS and 37°C serum. The value of the lipid-water partition coefficient was -0.869 ± 0.025, indicating the hydrophilic of the probe. The cellular uptake assay showed that U87 cells had a specific binding capacity for 131I-FAPI. In cell inhibition assays, the inhibitory effect of 131I-FAPI on U87 cells increased with time. The results of cell scratch assay showed that 131I-FAPI had the strongest inhibitory effect on the migratory ability of U87 cells compared with 131I and FAPI (P

Abstract Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder with long preclinical and prodromal phases in older people. Molecular imaging is a promising approach for noninvasive in vivo identification and tracking pathophysiological changes. In particular, nuclear neuroimaging in AD has extended beyond traditional evaluation of brain perfusion and glucose metabolism, and has achieved substantial progress over the past 2 decades. To gain a comprehensive understanding of nuclear neuroimaging with different targets in the brain, this review provides an overview of the literature on the current status and recent progress of the development of radioligands for definitive and differential diagnosis of AD.

Dopamine D3 receptors are closely related to drug addiction, Parkinson’s disease (PD), schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric diseases. PET imaging agents that target dopamine D3 receptors can noninvasively show changes in receptor density and status, thus revealing the origin and development process of disease and providing a basis for treatment. However, because dopamine D3 receptors have high similarity with D2 receptors hinders the selectivity of existing D3 receptors PET imaging agents, which limits the study of the mechanism of action of dopamine D3 receptors in neural networks. It is of great significance to develop high specificity, affinity, selective D3 receptor probe for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases of the central nervous system. This article reviewed the 18F and 11C radiolabeled PET molecular probes including tetrahydropyrrole derivatives, aminotetralin derivatives and phenylpiperazines derivatives. Furthermore, the challenges in the development of D3 receptor probes also be discussed, aiming to provide valuable insights for future probe advancements.

This article explores the use of hemicyanine dyes (HD) as fluorescent platforms for near-infrared (NIR) probes in biosensing and bioimaging. The authors discuss the advantages of HD dyes, such as their easily tunable spectral properties and diverse structures, which make them suitable for in vivo detection and imaging. They describe the synthesis of novel HD analogues and their applications in detecting selenol and drug-induced lung injury. The article also explores the development of HD-like NIR-II dyes for activatable probes in NIR-II region imaging. The challenges and strategies for improving the stability and performance of hemicyanine-based probes are also discussed. [Extracted from the article]

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The hydroxyl radical (•OH) is shown to play a crucial role in the occurrence and progression of acute kidney injury (AKI). Therefore, the development of a robust •OH probe holds great promise for the early diagnosis of AKI, high‐throughput screening (HTS) of natural protectants, and elucidating the molecular mechanism of intervention in AKI. Herein, the design and synthesis of an activatable fluorescent/photoacoustic (PA) probe (CDIA) for sensitive and selective imaging of •OH in AKI is reported. CDIA has near‐infrared fluorescence/PA channels and fast activation kinetics, enabling the detection of the onset of •OH in an AKI model. The positive detection time of 12 h using this probe is superior to the 48‐hour detection time for typical clinical assays, such as blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine detection. Furthermore, a method is established using CDIA for HTS of natural •OH inhibitors from herbal medicines. Puerarin is screened out by activating the Sirt1/Nrf2/Keap1 signaling pathway to protect renal cells in AKI. Overall, this work provides a versatile and dual‐mode tool for illuminating the •OH‐related pathological process in AKI and screening additional compounds to prevent and treat AKI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: MitoView 633, a far-red fluorescent dye, exhibits the ability to accumulate within mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner, as described by the Nernst equation. This characteristic renders it a promising candidate for bioenergetics studies, particularly as a robust indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential (DYm). Despite its great potential, its utility in live cell imaging has not been well characterized. Methods: This study seeks to characterize the spectral properties of MitoView 633 in live cells and evaluate its mitochondrial staining, resistance to photobleaching, and dynamics during DYm depolarization. The co-staining and imaging of MitoView 633 with other fluorophores such as MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM were also examined in cardiomyocytes using confocal microscopy. Results and Discussion: Spectrum analysis showed that MitoView 633 emission could be detected at 660 ± 50 nm, and exhibited superior thermal stability compared to tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), a commonly used DYm indicator, which emits at 605 ± 25 nm. Confocal imaging unequivocally illustrated MitoView 633's specific localization within the mitochondrial matrix, corroborated by its colocalization with MitoTracker Green, a well-established mitochondrial marker. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MitoView 633 exhibited minimal photobleaching at the recommended in vitro concentrations. Additionally, the dynamics of MitoView 633 fluoresce during carbonyl cyanide-ptrifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler)-induced DYm depolarization mirrored that of TMRM. Importantly, MitoView 633 demonstrated compatibility with co-staining alongside MitoSOX Red and Fluo- 4 AM, enabling concurrent monitoring of DYm, mitochondrial ROS, and cytosolic Ca2+ in intact cells. Conclusion: These findings collectively underscore MitoView 633 as a superb molecular probe for the singular or combined assessment of DYm and other indicators in live cell imaging applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In vivo imaging of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury remains an important challenge. We injected porous Ag/Au@SiO2 bimetallic hollow nanoshells carrying anti-tropomyosin 4 as a molecular probe into mice with cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and observed microvascular changes in the brain using photoacoustic imaging with ultrasonography. At each measured time point, the total photoacoustic signal was significantly higher on the affected side than on the healthy side. Twelve hours after reperfusion, cerebral perfusion on the affected side increased, cerebrovascular injury worsened, and anti-tropomyosin 4 expression increased. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion and later, perfusion on the affected side declined slowly and stabilized after 1 week; brain injury was also alleviated. Histopathological and immunohistochemical examinations confirmed the brain injury tissue changes. The nanoshell molecular probe carrying anti-tropomyosin 4 has potential for use in early diagnosis of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and evaluating its progression.

Introduction: Drug development has been challenged by the dual drawbacks involving unpredictable disease outcomes and drug resistance, which has placed greater demands on pharmacology education. Molecular pharmacology, as a frontier crossover field of pharmacology, focuses on the research of new drugs and targets. However, due to the lack of a systematic experimental training system, molecular pharmacology has not made a corresponding contribution in promoting the training of innovative talent in pharmacology. We aim to establish an experimental training program suitable for molecular pharmacology to improve students' ability to engage in drug development in future. Methods: Based on the feasibility of drug–target projects, a comprehensive training program containing molecular docking, target stability experiment, and fluorescent probe detection of protein expression in living cells and mice was conducted among 20 pharmacy graduate students. The experimental training was assessed by the experimental training report and the student recognition questionnaires. Results: All 20 students mastered the experimental principles and operations required for the training program. The experimental reports proved that the students were in good command of the experimental principles, operations and applications. The results of the Likert questionnaire indicated that the training program promoted the understanding of the drug research process and increased motivation to learn. Conclusion: The designed experimental training program has a positive effect on the training of pharmacology talents, and can be implemented as a part of molecular pharmacology education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: MitoView 633, a far-red fluorescent dye, exhibits the ability to accumulate within mitochondria in a membrane potential-dependent manner, as described by the Nernst equation. This characteristic renders it a promising candidate for bioenergetics studies, particularly as a robust indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential (DYm). Despite its great potential, its utility in live cell imaging has not been well characterized.Methods: This study seeks to characterize the spectral properties of MitoView 633 in live cells and evaluate its mitochondrial staining, resistance to photobleaching, and dynamics during DYm depolarization. The co-staining and imaging of MitoView 633 with other fluorophores such as MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM were also examined in cardiomyocytes using confocal microscopy.Results and Discussion: Spectrum analysis showed that MitoView 633 emission could be detected at 660 ± 50 nm, and exhibited superior thermal stability compared to tetramethylrhodamine methyl ester (TMRM), a commonly used DYm indicator, which emits at 605 ± 25 nm. Confocal imaging unequivocally illustrated MitoView 633’s specific localization within the mitochondrial matrix, corroborated by its colocalization with MitoTracker Green, a well-established mitochondrial marker. Furthermore, our investigation revealed that MitoView 633 exhibited minimal photobleaching at the recommended in vitro concentrations. Additionally, the dynamics of MitoView 633 fluoresce during carbonyl cyanide-p-trifluoromethoxyphenylhydrazone (FCCP, a mitochondrial uncoupler)-induced DYm depolarization mirrored that of TMRM. Importantly, MitoView 633 demonstrated compatibility with co-staining alongside MitoSOX Red and Fluo-4 AM, enabling concurrent monitoring of DYm, mitochondrial ROS, and cytosolic Ca2+ in intact cells.Conclusion: These findings collectively underscore MitoView 633 as a superb molecular probe for the singular or combined assessment of DYm and other indicators in live cell imaging applications.

The surface area of anisotropic polymeric assemblies is a critical parameter concerning their properties. However, it is still a grand challenge for traditional techniques to determine the surface area. Here, a molecular probe loading (MPL) method is developed to measure the surface area of anisotropic polymersomes in the shape of tube, disc, and stomatocyte. This method uses an amphiphilic molecular probe, comprising hydrophobic pyrene as the anchor and hydrophilic tetraethylene glycol (EG4) as the float. The surface area of spherical polymersomes determined by dynamic light scattering is quantitatively correlated with the loading amount of probes, allowing the calculation of the average separation distance between the loaded probes. With the separation distance, we successfully determine the surface area of anisotropic polymersomes by measuring the loading amount. We envision that the MPL method will assist in the real‐time surface area characterization, enabling the customization of functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amines are being widely used in industrial, chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Yet, few studies involve simple inexpensive methods to determine the presence or concentrations of these compounds in surface water. Many molecular probes used for this purpose are not water soluble. Tetrasulfophthalocyanines are water soluble and capable of forming complexes through electron charge transfer. This means UV-Vis absorbance changes may be useful for quantifying amines in solution. To achieve this, Iron(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine's (FeTSPc) was evaluated to both quantify dibutylamine (DBA) in water and remove DBA when supported on anion exchange resin. The UV-Vis absorbance spectrum of FeTSPc was shown to result in a shoulder at 667 nm due to forming a complex with DBA. The absorbance difference between the shoulder and that of pure FeTSPc in water was used to quantify the amount of DBA present. The calibration was found to be logarithmic with a detection limit of 55 ppm, which is higher than instrumental methods. The hallmark of this effort found that one gram total of anion exchange resin with bound FeTSPc (2.33 µmol/g of resin) was capable of removing 0.02 g of dibutylamine from 50 mL of water (400 ppm). This was verified by UV-Vis absorbance and 1H-NMR indicating this is a new remediation method for treating amines in water.

Objective: To synthesize PEG-G5.NH2-FITC-DOTA (Gd) -Monalizumab/IPH4301 nanoprobes, and investigate the ability of PEG-G5.NH2-FITC-DOTA (Gd) -Monalizumab/IPH4301 nanoprobe bound to NK-92MI cells, effect on cell viability, magnetic resonance imaging in vitro and promotion of the apoptosis of targeted tumor cells by NK-92MI cells. Methods: PEG-G5.NH2-FITC-DOTA (Gd) -Monalizumab/IPH4301 nanoprobes were synthesized and characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and its particle size was calculated using Image J software. Furthermore, flow cytometry was used to analyze the cellular uptake of nanoprobes to NK-92MI cells and magnetic resonance imaging was applied to measure the T1 signal of NK-92MI cells treated with different concentration of nanoprobes. Finally, the expressions of apoptosis-related proteins, such as Cleaved-caspase3, Bax, Bcl-2, were investigated by Western Blot in one of triple-negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) after co-culture with NK-92MI cells at ratio of 1:5 overnight and the concentrations of interferon-γ were detected by Elisa assay in the medium. Results: The prepared nanoprobes had uniform particle size distribution and the morphology was nearly spherical. The amounts of nanoprobes bound to NK-92MI cells and T1 signal detected by MRI gradually increased with rising concentration. Moreover, nanoprobes modified with Monalizumab and IPH4301 antibodies promoted the release of interferon-γ in the medium and the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells after cocultured with NK-92MI cells overnight. Conclusions: After binding to NK-92MI cells, the PEG-G5.NH2-FITC-DOTA (Gd) -Monalizumab/IPH4301nanoprobes could be visualized with 3.0T MRI in vitro and enhanced cytotoxic effect of NK-92MI cells to induce the apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Activity assays are indispensable for studying biochemical properties of enzymes. The purposes of measuring activity are wide ranging from a simple detection of the presence of an enzyme to kinetic experiments evaluating the substrate specificity, reaction mechanisms, and susceptibility to inhibitors. Common activity assay methods include spectroscopy, electrochemical sensors, or liquid chromatography coupled with various detection techniques. This review focuses on the use of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) as a growing and modern alternative, which offers high speed of analysis, sensitivity, versatility, possibility of automation, and cost‐effectiveness. It may reveal reaction intermediates, side products or measure more enzymes at once. The addition of an internal standard or calculating the ratios of the substrate and product peak intensities and areas overcome the inherent inhomogeneous distribution of analyte and matrix in the sample spot, which otherwise results in a poor reproducibility. Examples of the application of MALDI‐TOF MS for assaying hydrolases (including peptidases and β‐lactamases for antibiotic resistance tests) and other enzymes are provided. Concluding remarks summarize advantages and challenges coming from the present experience, and draw future perspectives such as a screening of large libraries of chemical compounds for their substrate or inhibitory properties towards enzymes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PMSA (prostate-specific membrane antigen) is currently the most significant target for diagnosing and treating PCa (prostate cancer). Herein, we reported a series 68Ga/177Lu-labeled multimer PSMA tracer conjugating with PEG chain, including [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(1P-PEG4), [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(2P-PEG0), [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(2P-PEG4), and [68Ga]Ga/[177Lu]Lu-DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2, which showed an advantage of a multivalent effect and PEGylation to achieve higher tumor accumulation and faster kidney clearance. To figure out how structural optimizations based on a PSMA multimer and PEGylation influence the probe's tumor-targeting ability, biodistribution, and metabolism, we examined PSMA molecular probes' affinities to PC-3 PIP (PSMA-highly-expressed PC-3 cell line), and conducted pharmacokinetics analysis, biodistribution detection, small animal PET/CT, and SPECT/CT imaging. The results showed that PEG4 and PSMA dimer optimizations enhanced the probes' tumor-targeting ability in PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice models. Compared with the PSMA monomer, the PEGylated PSMA dimer reduced the elimination half-life in the blood and increased uptake in the tumor, and the biodistribution results were consistent with PET/CT imaging results. [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2 exhibited higher tumor-to-organ ratios. When labeled by lutetium-177, relatively high accumulation of DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2 was still detected in PC-3 PIP tumor-bearing mice models after 48 h, indicating its prolonged tumor retention time. Given the superiority in imaging, simple synthetic processes, and structural stability, DOTA-(2P-PEG4)2 is expected to be a promising tumor-targeting diagnostic molecular probe in future clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromium (VI) (Cr(VI)), a toxic metal ion, is widely present in industrial wastewater. To reduce the contamination of Cr(VI), many technologies for the photocatalytic reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) have been developed in the past decades. However, the practical application of photocatalysts for the reduction of Cr(VI) in wastewater treatment is often hindered by the complicated photoreduction processes due to the sedimentation and stratification of catalyst particles that present during the treatment of the wastewater. Probing and understanding the influences of the sedimentation and stratification of the catalyst particles on the photoreduction processes are long-term challenges in the field. Herein, we demonstrate that this issue can be solved by using layer location integrated low-field time-domain nuclear magnetic resonance (LF-NMR) relaxometry. With paramagnetic Cr (III) cation as the molecular probe, we successfully monitored the Cr(VI) photoreduction processes by operando probing the 1H T2 relaxation time of the photoreduction systems. The influences of catalyst sedimentation and the light wavelength on photocatalysis were studied and discussed. The results showed the great potential of LF-NMR relaxometry in the study of Cr (VI) photoreduction processes during industrial wastewater treatments.

IntroductionNear-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-guided surgery is increasingly utilized in humans and pets. As clinical imaging systems are optimized for Indocyanine green (ICG) detection, the usage of targeted dyes necessitates the validation of these systems for each dye. We investigated the impact of skin pigmentation and tissue overlay on the sensitivity of two NIR cameras (IC-FlowTM, VisionsenseTM VS3 Iridum) for the detection of non-targeted (ICG, IRDye800) and targeted (AngiostampTM, FAP-Cyan) NIR fluorophores in an ex vivo big animal model.MethodsWe quantitatively measured the limit of detection (LOD) and signal-to-background ratio (SBR) and implemented a semi-quantitative visual score to account for subjective interpretation of images by the surgeon.ResultsVisionsenseTM VS3 Iridum outperformed IC-FlowTM in terms of LOD and SBR for the detection of all dyes except FAP-Cyan. Median SBR was negatively affected by skin pigmentation and tissue overlay with both camera systems. Level of agreement between quantitative and semi-quantitative visual score and interobserver agreement were better with VisionsenseTM VS3 Iridum.ConclusionThe overlay of different tissue types and skin pigmentation may negatively affect the ability of the two tested camera systems to identify nanomolar concentrations of targeted-fluorescent dyes and should be considered when planning surgical applications.

Fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) and other interventions are rapidly evolving as a class of technologically driven interventional approaches in which many surgical specialties visualize fluorescent molecular tracers or biomarkers through associated cameras or oculars to guide clinical decisions on pathological lesion detection and excision/ablation. The technology has been commercialized for some specific applications, but also presents technical challenges unique to optical imaging that could confound the utility of some interventional procedures where real-time decisions must be made. Accordingly, the AAPM has initiated the publication of this Blue Paper of The Emerging Technology Working Group (TETAWG) and the creation of a Task Group from the Therapy Physics Committee within the Treatment Delivery Subcommittee. In describing the relevant issues, this document outlines the key parameters, stakeholders, impacts, and outcomes of clinical FGS technology and its applications. The presentation is not intended to be conclusive, but rather to inform the field of medical physics and stimulate the discussions needed in the field with respect to a seemingly low-risk imaging technology that has high potential for significant therapeutic impact. This AAPM Task Group is working toward consensus around guidelines and standards for advancing the field safely and effectively.

Photochromic compounds are employed in implementing neuron surrogates. They will boost the development of neuromorphic engineering in wetware. In this work, the photochromic behaviours of (E)-3,4,6-trichloro-2-(p-diazenil)-phenol (t-DZH) and its conjugated phenoxide base (t-DZ) have been investigated experimentally in three different media: (1) pure acetonitrile, (2) in water and acetonitrile mixed in a 1/1 volume ratio, and (3) in an aqueous micellar solution of 3-(N,N-Dimethylmyristylammonio)propanesulfonate (SB3-14). The analysis of the spectral and kinetic features of t-DZH and t-DZ has been supported by quantum-mechanical DFT calculations, the maximum entropy method, and the determination of their colourability (C). The versatility of t-DZH and t-DZ makes them promising molecular probes of micro-environments and potential ingredients of photochemical oscillators required for implementing pacemaker neurons capable of communicating through optical signals in wetware. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) represents approximately 80–85% of all lung cancers, and tumor resistance remains common and difficult to treat. Therefore, early detection of tumor resistance is of great significance for improving prognosis. Here, we developed a novel molecular imaging agent that could be used for imaging drug-resistant NSCLC, providing a noninvasive method for dynamically observing whether tumor resistance occurs during treatment. Background: N-cadherin is considered a characteristic protein of EMT and has been found to be closely related to tumor resistance. In this study, a novel molecular imaging probe, 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1, was developed, and its diagnostic value in monitoring drug resistance in NSCLC was preliminarily investigated. Methods: ADH-1 was labeled indirectly with 99mTc. Radiochemical purity and stability, partition coefficients and pharmacokinetics were evaluated. Additionally, the fluorescent probe of ADH-1 was synthesized to study tumor uptake in cells level and in vivo. Biodistribution analysis and small animal SPECT/CT were performed in PC9GR and PC9 tumor-bearing mice. Results: 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 was highly stable (radiochemical purity ≥ 98% in PBS and serum after 24 h). A cell binding study and fluorescence imaging showed that the uptake was significantly higher in PC9GR cells (gefitinib-resistant) than in PC9 cells (nonresistant) (p < 0.05). Biodistribution analysis showed rapid blood clearance and significant uptake in the kidney and resistant tumor. Small animal SPECT/CT studies showed that uptake in PC9GR tumors (T/NT = 7.73 ± 0.54) was significantly higher than that in PC9 tumors (T/NT = 3.66 ± 0.78) at 1 h (p = 0.002). Conclusions: The 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 molecular probe has a short synthesis time, high labeling rate, high radiochemical purity and good stability, does not require purification, is characterized by rapid blood clearance and is mainly excreted through the urinary system. 99mTc-HYNIC-ADH-1 is considered a promising probe for monitoring drug resistance in NSCLC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Altered metabolism has long been recognized as a central hallmark of cancer; however, in the fluorescence imaging field, few studies have been conducted to label tumors by exploiting metabolic differences between cancer cells and normal cells. In this work, we successfully developed a metabolic probe MB-C for specific imaging of glutathione (GSH) dynamic metabolic pathways. GSH was endogenously metabolized to produce SO2via Na2S2O3 and thiosulfate sulfurtransferase, equilibrating with sulfites/bisulfites. MB-C was allowed to be activated by GSH along with multi-fluorescence emission increased in red and green channels and further sequence-response metabolites (SO2) of GSH in significant fluorescence ratio change of red and green channels. Furthermore, such evident fluorescence ratio changes could be used to distinguish cancer cells from normal cells and identify tumor and normal tissues. Therefore, GSH metabolic imaging was successfully applied to accurately label tumors, which provides a new idea and practical case for the precise visualization of malignant tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Luminescent Lanthanide (III) (Ln(III)) bioprobes (LLBs) have been extensively used in the last two decades as intracellular molecular probes in bio-imaging for the efficient revelation of analytes, to signal intracellular events (enzymes/protein activity, antigen-antibody interaction), target specific organelles, and determine parameters of particular biophysical interest, to gain important insights on pathologies or diseases. The choice of using a luminescent Ln(III) coordination compound with respect to a common organic fluorophore is intimately connected to how their photophysical sensitization (antenna effect) can be finely tuned and especially triggered to respond (even quantitatively) to a certain biophysical event, condition or analyte. While there are other reviews focused on how to design chromophoric ligands for an efficient sensitization of Ln(III) ions, both in the visible and NIR region, this review is application-driven: it is a small collection of particularly interesting examples where the LLB's emissive information is acquired by imaging the emission intensity and/or the fluorescence lifetime (fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy, FLIM)., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) catalyzes heme degradation on the consumption of NADPH and molecular oxygen. As an inducible enzyme, HO-1 is highly induced in various disease states, including cancer. Currently, two fluorescent probes for HO-1 have been designed based on the catalytic activity of HO-1, in which the probes serve as a substrate, so NADPH is required to enable the detection. Probes functioning in a NADPH-dependent way may influence other NADPH-consuming pathways, as all these pathways share a common NADPH pool. Here, we report the peptide-based fluorescent probe NBD-P 5 as a simple alternative approach for HO-1 sensing. The designed probe NBD-P 5 functions independently of the catalytic activity of HO-1, therefore enabling fast and sensitive detection of HO-1 with no requirements of other substances, including NADPH and biliverdin reductase. Moreover, it overcomes the need for a large substrate amount and long incubation time during the detection. NBD-P 5 can be quickly taken up by cells, demonstrates an excellent colocalization with the endoplasmic reticulum (where HO-1 is mainly located), and is shown to be reliable in reporting changes in HO-1 levels in live cells. This work provides a simple alternative approach for designing HO-1 fluorescent probes, and we expect it will act as a practical tool for further studying HO-1 biology.

Bacterial infections, particularly those caused by drug-resistant bacteria, represent a pressing global health challenge. During the interaction between pathogen infection and host defense, bacterial infections initiate the host's immune response, which involves the activation of proteases that play a critical role in antibacterial defense. Granzyme B (GzmB), a key immune-related biomarker associated with cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), plays a pivotal role in this process. Therefore, detecting the activity of GzmB is crucial for understanding the host immune response to bacterial infections and for developing therapeutic strategies to overcome bacterial virulence. In this study, we designed and synthesized three granzyme B-activated near-infrared molecular probes. Among them, the probe HCy-F demonstrates in situ imaging capability, enabling precise quantification of GzmB activity. This development offers a valuable tool for monitoring immune responses and optimizing immunotherapy approaches for combating drug-resistant pathogens., (© 2025 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Fe-doped NiOOH electrocatalysts have attracted wide interest for the exceptional oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance, but the precise role of Fe doping on the improved intrinsic activity remains unclear. Herein, the molecular probe technique combined with density functional theory calculation is used to reveal the influence of the Fe atom on the rate-determining step of the OER reaction, where the pre-catalyst of hierarchical self-supporting NiFe layered double hydroxide [LDH] nanosheets equipped on nickel foam (NiFe LDH/NF) is generated via a facile and industrially well-matched one-pot corrosion method. The physical characterization results reveal the reconstruction of NiFe LDH into Fe-doped NiOOH for promoted OER, which has a lower OH* adsorption energy with fast subsequent steps that help in obtaining an improved charge injection efficiency compared to NiOOH. In addition, more exposed electroactive species and facile delivery of mass/electron inside the catalytic procedure actually have a high-quality contribution to the outstanding catalytic activity. Therefore, the NiFe LDH 36 /NF electrocatalyst provides high catalytic activities of 241 and 320 mV at 10 mA cm -2 toward the OER and overall water-splitting in 1 m KOH. This work provides a promising avenue for the rational design of durable self-supporting electrodes toward large-scale water splitting., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Rationale: The quick and accurate detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) is essential for improving the treatment efficacy and patient survival, which nevertheless remains challenging due to low specificity and sensitivity of current CRC diagnostic approaches. Therefore, providing a robust solution for real-time and accurate tumor delineation is highly desirable. Methods: We report a novel polyacrylic acid-mediated strategy to develop the endogenous hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S)-activated NIR-II probe DCNP@PB for specific visualization of CRC and image-guided tumor surgery. The stability, biocompatibility, H 2 S-responsiveness, and NIR-II imaging capability were evaluated in vitro and in vivo . Human CRC tissues were used to evaluated the performance of the DCNP@PB. Results: By exploiting the effective inner filter effect (IFE) and fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) between DCNPs and PB, luminescence of DCNP@PB can be rapidly switched ON in response to H 2 S in colorectal tumor, affording high tumor-to-background ratio (TBR). Notably, H 2 S-responsive range of DCNP@PB well matches the H 2 S concentration at tumor site, thereby minimizing nonspecific activation by other sulfur-containing substances in a complicated biological environment. Such accurate H 2 S responsiveness not only benefits the differentiation between tumor and normal tissues in the mouse model, but also clearly delineates the cancerous boundaries in human tissues specimens. Conclusion: This work presents not only a promising example of H 2 S-activated NIR-II optical probe that could be intravenously injected for in vivo applications to afford reliable information and quick feedback, but also an effective strategy to design the activatable imaging probes for precise tumor diagnosis and intraoperative decision support., Competing Interests: Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interest exists., (© The author(s).)

Persistent luminescence is a unique visual phenomenon that occurs after cessation of excitation light irradiation or following oxidization of luminescent molecules. The energy stored within the molecule is released in a delayed manner, resulting in luminescence that can be maintained for seconds, minutes, hours, or even days. Organic persistent luminescence materials (OPLMs) are highly robust and their facile modification and assembly into biocompatible nanostructures makes them attractive tools for in vivo bioimaging, whilst offering an alternative to conventional fluorescence imaging materials for biomedical applications. In this review, we give attention to the existing limitations of each class of OPLM-based molecular bioimaging probes based on their luminescence mechanisms, and how recent research progress has driven efforts to circumvent their shortcomings. We discuss the multifunctionality-focused design strategies, and the broad biological application prospects of these molecular probes. Furthermore, we provide insights into the next generation of OPLMs being developed for bioimaging techniques.

Cancer immunotherapy, especially immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), has paved a new way for the treatment of many types of malignancies, particularly advanced-stage cancers. Accumulating evidence suggests that as a molecular imaging modality, positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) can play a vital role in the management of ICIs therapy by using different molecular probes and metabolic parameters. In this review, we will provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical data to support the importance of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT (18F-FDG PET/CT) imaging in the treatment of ICIs, including the evaluation of the tumor microenvironment, discovery of immune-related adverse events, evaluation of therapeutic efficacy, and prediction of therapeutic prognosis. We also discuss perspectives on the development direction of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging, with a particular emphasis on possible challenges in the future. In addition, we summarize the researches on novel PET molecular probes that are expected to potentially promote the precise application of ICIs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective：This study aims to investigate the diagnostic efficacy of targeted magnetic resonance SPIO ⁃ PLA ⁃ P53 molecular probe in rat glioma. Methods：Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles SPIO ⁃PLA and glioma targeting nanomolecular probe SPIO⁃PLA⁃P53 were synthesized. The physical properties of molecular probes were detected by transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. Cell activity was detected by Cell Counting Kit ⁃ 8（CCK ⁃ 8）method. The penetration efficiency of molecular probe through blood⁃brain barrier in vitro was detected. The distribution of nanoprobes in glioma was detected by 7.0 T small animal ⁃ special magnetic resonance instrument and matching coil. Pathological staining of tumor ⁃ bearing mouse brain tissue was performed to clarify the accumulation of targeted molecular probes in the tumor tissue. Statistical analysis of the results was performed using GraphPad Prism software. Results：Glioma targeted SPIO ⁃ PLA ⁃ P53 nanoparticles have uniform size，good dispersion，good biocompatibility and targeted aggregation effect. Magnetic resonance scanning showed that the tumor T2WI signal was decreased after injection of targeted SPIO ⁃ PLA ⁃ P53 probe in the tumor ⁃ bearing rats，and there was no significant change in the tumor signal after injection of SPIO⁃PLA probe solution. The pathological results confirmed that a large amount of iron ions accumulated in the glioma of rat injected with SPIO ⁃PLA ⁃P53. Conclusion：SPIO ⁃PLA ⁃P53 can be used as an magnetic resonance molecular probe for specific imaging of rat gliomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical endoscopy is the primary diagnostic and therapeutic tool for management of gastrointestinal (GI) malignancies. Most GI neoplasms arise from precancerous lesions; thus, technical innovations to improve detection and diagnosis of precancerous lesions and early cancers play a pivotal role in improving outcomes. Over the last few decades, the field of GI endoscopy has witnessed enormous and focused efforts to develop and translate accurate, user‐friendly, and minimally invasive optical imaging modalities. From a technical point of view, a wide range of novel optical techniques is now available to probe different aspects of light–tissue interaction at macroscopic and microscopic scales, complementing white light endoscopy. Most of these new modalities have been successfully validated and translated to routine clinical practice. Herein, we provide a technical review of the current status of existing and promising new optical endoscopic imaging technologies for GI cancer screening and surveillance. We summarize the underlying principles of light–tissue interaction, the imaging performance at different scales, and highlight what is known about clinical applicability and effectiveness. Furthermore, we discuss recent discovery and translation of novel molecular probes that have shown promise to augment endoscopists' ability to diagnose GI lesions with high specificity. We also review and discuss the role and potential clinical integration of artificial intelligence‐based algorithms to provide decision support in real time. Finally, we provide perspectives on future technology development and its potential to transform endoscopic GI cancer detection and diagnosis.

Huipu Li,1,&ast; Shasha Shi,1,&ast; Meng Wu,2,&ast; Wei Shen,1 Jianli Ren,3 Zhechuan Mei,1 Haitao Ran,3 Zhigang Wang,3 Yi Tian,4 Jian Gao,1 Hongyun Zhao1,3 1Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Ultrasound, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, People’s Republic of China; 3Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ultrasound Molecular Imaging, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Hongyun Zhao; Jian Gao Email zhychina@cqmu.edu.cn; 982213482@qq.comPurpose: Prepare a multifunctional ultrasound molecular probe, cell-penetrating peptide-modified 10-hydroxycamptothecin-loaded phase-transformation lipid nanoparticles (iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs), and to combine iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP -NPs with low-intensity focused ultrasound (LIFU) for precision theranostics against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Materials and Methods: The morphology of nanoparticles (NPs) and iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs was detected. In vitro, we examined targeting ability by flow cytometry and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM), assessed penetration ability into hepatoma cells, and assessed killing ability. In vivo, we examined the targeting ability of the NPs with a photoacoustic (PA) imager and fluorometer (FL), while LIFU irradiation was used to trigger the release of chemotherapeutic drugs, which had a therapeutic effect on tumors.Results: The particle size of iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs was 298.4 ± 10.42 nm. In vitro, iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs bound more to SK-Hep1 cells than ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs. iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs could achieve PA/ultrasound imaging. The percentage of antiproliferative and apoptotic cells in the iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs+LIFU group was significantly higher. In vivo, iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs can target tumor sites and achieve PA/ultrasound imaging. The tumor volume in the iRGD-ICG-10-HCPT-PFP-NPs+LIFU group was significantly smaller, and the antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects were higher.Conclusion: We successfully prepared a novel molecular probe that has good targeting, can perform ultrasound/PA dual-modality imaging, and can penetrate deep into tumors to achieve better therapeutic tumor effects, providing a new idea and method for theranostics of HCC.Keywords: molecular probe, homing membrane peptide, precision diagnosis and treatment, dual-modality imaging

The article "Corrigendum: Radiosynthesis and in-vitro identification of a molecular probe 131I-FAPI targeting cancer-associated fibroblasts" published in Frontiers in Oncology on October 17, 2024, addresses an error in the affiliation of the authors. The correction clarifies that the Department of Nuclear Medicine is located at The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, not the First Affiliated Hospital. The authors emphasize that this correction does not impact the scientific conclusions of the original article. [Extracted from the article]

Specific features of the localization of coumarin and xanthene dye molecules in ionic surfactant micelles of sodium n-dodecyl sulphate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide have been studied by molecular dynamics simulation. It is shown that the change in the microenvironment of a dye molecule in a micelle after its protonation (deprotonation) depends on both the nature of such a dye and the sign of the micelle charge. It was established that the presence of a long hydrocarbon chain in a dye molecule does not prevent its movement during (de)protonation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, we disclose a new turn‐on type fluorescent probe (named BCB‐1) for the detection of Aβ plaques, which is an essential biomarker in Alzheimer's disease (AD). BCB‐1 has a hybrid structure of benzo[g]coumarin and benzothiazole, and it showed significant emission enhancement at the near‐infrared (NIR) region when sensing Aβ plaques. BCB‐1 also showed high selectivity and sensitivity toward Aβ plaques, and its bio‐imaging applicability was confirmed within an AD mouse (5XFAD) brain. We expect our superb AD diagnosis fluorescent probe to be broadly applied in Aβ plaques related clinical and biological studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]