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Background: The enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) is a viral disease with a chronic aspect and its etiological agent is an oncogenic deltaretrovirus called bovine leukemia virus (VLB). It has a wide distribution in dairy cattle herds, and it may take several years before the first clinical manifestations occur. Animals seropositive for VLB are more susceptible to developing infectious diseases such as mastitis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of EBL, the prevalence of mastitis, the possible association between leukosis and mastitis, and the risk factors related to leukosis in municipalities of the Caparaó region of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Materials, Methods & Results: The prevalence of enzootic bovine leukosis and its association with mastitis were evaluated in an 854 clinically healthy crossbred (Bos tauros tauros x Bos taurus indicus) dairy cows were used, in different lactation phases, from farms located in the 12 municipalities that compose the Caparaó Capixaba micro-region, in the southern part of Espírito Santo, Brazil, in the period from February to December 2015. The seroprevalence of EBL was determined by the agar gel immunodiffusion test, the presence of clinical mastitis was ascertained by the black background mug test and of subclinical mastitis by the CMT. The reuse of needles, type of milking, reproductive management, calf mortality, presence of reproductive problems and milk yield were the risk factors assessed. The association between the variables was estimated by the odds ratio (95% confidence interval). The significance of the associations was determined by the Chi-square test. The prevalence of EBL, clinical and subclinical mastitis was 56.79%, 5.50% and 43.55%, respectively. There was a positive association between the EBL virus and the presence of subclinical mastitis (P < 0.05, OR = 1.41, CI = 1.07-1.86). The reuse of disposable needles (OR = 1.92, CI = 1.46-2.53), mechanical milking (OR = 2.03, CI = 1.34- 3.08), calf mortality (OR = 2.39; CI = 1.25-4.55) and the presence of reproductive problems (OR = 1.62; CI = 1.23-2.14) were considered risk factors associated with LEB (P < 0.05). Discussion: Enzootic bovine leukosis is disseminated in the dairy herds in the municipalities the study. The lack of knowledge about EBL among farmers and the failure to adopt measures for its control and elimination favor the appearance of new cases in the herd. Factors such as animal age, absence of exams when purchasing animals, reuse of gloves for rectal palpation and needles, contribute to dissemination of the infection. The economic losses associated with subclinical mastitis can even be greater than those caused by clinical mastitis. The differences for prevalence of clinical mastitis can be associated with the breeding system, type of management, intensification and level of production. In this context, we noted a much larger number of animals with subclinical infection, where the losses may not be perceptible to the farmers. It is concluded that EBL is widespread in dairy herds of the municipalities of Caparaó Espírito Santo's region. The prevalence of clinical and subclinical mastitis is high in some cities surveyed. The presence of EBL increases the chances of developing subclinical mastitis. The reuse of disposable needles and mechanical milking were considered risk factors associated with EBL. Seroreagent animals for EBL are more likely to present calf mortality and reproductive problems. It is necessary to discuss the best sanitary management system for the region, with a better economic and social response and then carry out the elaboration of educational and implementation measures, through technical assistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper identifies the microbiological conditions of the white whiting (Cynoscionleiarchus) fresh commercialized in the coastal region of the state of Espirito Santo and of the ice used in conservation. In total 105 samples were collected from hake and from twenty-one ice shows five municipalities (Piúma, Marataízes, Anchieta, Itapemirim and President Kennedy). The hake were subjected to research analysis of Staphylococcus coagulase positive and Most Probable Number of total coliforms at (35 ° C) and fecal coliforms at (45 ° C), and ice samples were analyzed for total and fecal coliforms. The hake showed high contamination content coagulase positive Staphylococcus, coliforms at 35 ° C and coliforms at 45 ° C. The ice cores were mostly considered unsuitable for use in the conservation of the fish. Therefore, it is necessary to raise awareness about the importance of good handling practices and greater oversight seeking a quality product that offers no risk to public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal is the property of Associacao Cientifica dos Medicos Veterinarios do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Higiene e Sanidade Animal is the property of Associacao Cientifica dos Medicos Veterinarios do Ceara and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study evaluated the seroprevalence and associated factors of Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis (IBR) and Bovine Viral Diarrhea (BVD), and to analyze the possible relationship between IBR, BVD, and the occurrence of mastitis. For this purpose, 854 crossbred dairy cows were evaluated from 69 properties allocated in the 12 municipalities that make up the Caparaó region, Espírito Santo (ES), Brazil. The seroprevalence of IBR and BVD was determined using the indirect ELISA test. Associations between variables were estimated using the prevalence ratio (PR) with a 95% confidence interval. The chi-square test was used to verify the significance of the associations (P < 0.05). The average prevalence of IBR and BVD was 48.59% and 26.46%, respectively. Animals seroreactive for IBR were more likely to develop subclinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 1.27), and cows that were seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop clinical mastitis (P < 0.01; PR: 2.24). Mechanical milking was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.36) and BVD (P < 0.01; PR: 1.25). Reproductive management by natural breeding was considered a factor associated with IBR (P < 0.01; PR: 1.22). Animals seroreactive for BVD were more likely to develop reproductive problems (P < 0.01; PR: 1.34). It was concluded that the agents that cause IBR and BVD are widely disseminated in dairy cattle herds in the municipalities of the Caparaó region, ES, Brazil. The presence of IBR and BVD increased the chances of cows developing subclinical mastitis and clinical mastitis, respectively, and the cows that were mechanically milked were more likely to be seroreactive for IBR and BVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]