Search

Observations of the neutral atomic hydrogen (HI) in the nuclear starburst galaxy NGC 4945 with MeerKAT are presented. We find a large amount of halo gas, previously missed by HI observations, accounting for 6.8% of the total HI mass. This is most likely gas blown into the halo by star formation. Our maps go down to a $3\sigma$ column density level of $5\times10^{18} cm^{-2}$ . We model the HI distribution using tilted-ring fitting techniques and find a warp on the galaxy's approaching and receding sides. The HI in the northern side of the galaxy appears to be suppressed. This may be the result of ionisation by the starburst activity in the galaxy, as suggested by a previous study. The origin of the warp is unclear but could be due to past interactions or ram pressure stripping. Broad, asymmetric HI absorption lines extending beyond the HI emission velocity channels are present towards the nuclear region of NGC 4945. Such broad lines suggest the existence of a nuclear ring moving at a high circular velocity. This is supported by the clear rotation patterns in the HI absorption velocity field. The asymmetry of the absorption spectra can be caused by outflows or inflows of gas in the nuclear region of NGC 4945. The continuum map shows small extensions on both sides of the galaxy's major axis that might be signs of outflows resulting from the starburst activity., Comment: 20 pages, 15 figures, 3 tables, accepted for publication in MNRAS

The infrared-radio correlation (IRRC) underpins many commonly used radio luminosity-star formation rate (SFR) calibrations. In preparation for the new generation of radio surveys we revisit the IRRC of low-$z$ galaxies by (a) drawing on the best currently available IR and 1.4 GHz radio photometry, plus ancillary data over the widest possible area, and (b) carefully assessing potential systematics. We compile a catalogue of $\sim$9,500 z $<$ 0.2 galaxies and derive their 1.4 GHz radio ($L_{\mathrm{1.4}}$), total IR, and monochromatic IR luminosities in up to seven bands, allowing us to parameterize the wavelength-dependence of monochromatic IRRCs from 22-500 $\mu$m. For the first time for low-$z$ samples, we quantify how poorly matched IR and radio survey depths bias measured median IR/radio ratios, $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$, and discuss the level of biasing expected for low-z IRRC studies in ASKAP/MeerKAT fields. For our subset of $\sim$2,000 high-confidence star-forming galaxies we find a median $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ of 2.54 (scatter: 0.17 dex). We show that $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ correlates with $L_{\mathrm{1.4}}$, implying a non-linear IRRC with slope 1.11$\pm$0.01. Our new $L_{\mathrm{1.4}}$-SFR calibration, which incorporates this non-linearity, reproduces SFRs from panchromatic SED fits substantially better than previous IRRC-based recipes. Finally, we match the evolutionary slope of recently measured $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$-redshift trends without having to invoke redshift evolution of the IRRC. In this framework, the redshift evolution of $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ reported at GHz frequencies in the literature is the consequence of a partial, redshift-dependent sampling of a non-linear IRRC obeyed by low-$z$ {\it and} distant galaxies., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 29 pages, 20 figures, 9 tables including appendices

ESO 149-G003 is a close-by, isolated dwarf irregular galaxy. Previous observations with the ATCA indicated the presence of anomalous neutral hydrogen (HI) deviating from the kinematics of a regularly rotating disc. We conducted follow-up observations with the MeerKAT radio telescope during the 16-dish Early Science programme as well as with the MeerLICHT optical telescope. Our more sensitive radio observations confirm the presence of anomalous gas in ESO 149-G003, and further confirm the formerly tentative detection of an extraplanar HI component in the galaxy. Employing a simple tilted-ring model, in which the kinematics is determined with only four parameters but including morphological asymmetries, we reproduce the galaxy's morphology, which shows a high degree of asymmetry. By comparing our model with the observed HI, we find that in our model we cannot account for a significant (but not dominant) fraction of the gas. From the differences between our model and the observed data cube we estimate that at least 7%-8% of the HI in the galaxy exhibits anomalous kinematics, while we estimate a minimum mass fraction of less than 1% for the morphologically confirmed extraplanar component. We investigate a number of global scaling relations and find that, besides being gas-dominated with a neutral gas-to-stellar mass ratio of 1.7, the galaxy does not show any obvious global peculiarities. Given its isolation, as confirmed by optical observations, we conclude that the galaxy is likely currently acquiring neutral gas. It is either re-accreting gas expelled from the galaxy or accreting pristine intergalactic material., Comment: 16 pages, 14 figures, MNRAS, Accepted 2020 December 2, in original form 2019 September 18

We present observations and models of the kinematics and the distribution of the neutral hydrogen (HI) in the isolated dwarf irregular galaxy, Wolf-Lundmark-Melotte (WLM). We observed WLM with the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) and as part of the MeerKAT Early Science Programme, where 16 dishes were available. The HI disc of WLM extends out to a major axis diameter of 30 arcmin (8.5 kpc), and a minor axis diameter of 20 arcmin (5.6 kpc) as measured by the GBT. We use the MeerKAT data to model WLM using the TiRiFiC software suite, allowing us to fit different tilted-ring models and select the one that best matches the observation. Our final best-fitting model is a flat disc with a vertical thickness, a constant inclination and dispersion, and a radially-varying surface brightness with harmonic distortions. To simulate bar-like motions, we include second-order harmonic distortions in velocity in the tangential and the vertical directions. We present a model with only circular motions included and a model with non-circular motions. The latter describes the data better. Overall, the models reproduce the global distribution and the kinematics of the gas, except for some faint emission at the 2-sigma level. We model the mass distribution of WLM with a pseudo-isothermal (ISO) and a Navarro-Frenk-White (NFW) dark matter halo models. The NFW and the ISO models fit the derived rotation curves within the formal errors, but with the ISO model giving better reduced chi-square values. The mass distribution in WLM is dominated by dark matter at all radii., Comment: Accepted for publication in MNRAS, 25 pages, 21 figures, 5 tables

MeerKATHI is the current development name for a radio-interferometric data reduction pipeline, assembled by an international collaboration. We create a publicly available end-to-end continuum- and line imaging pipeline for MeerKAT and other radio telescopes. We implement advanced techniques that are suitable for producing high-dynamic-range continuum images and spectroscopic data cubes. Using containerization, our pipeline is platform-independent. Furthermore, we are applying a standardized approach for using a number of different of advanced software suites, partly developed within our group. We aim to use distributed computing approaches throughout our pipeline to enable the user to reduce larger data sets like those provided by radio telescopes such as MeerKAT. The pipeline also delivers a set of imaging quality metrics that give the user the opportunity to efficiently assess the data quality., Comment: 4 pages, 1 figure, in conference proceedings of the ADASS XXIX, to appear in ASPC. CARACal (formerly MeerKATHI) can be accessed at: https://caracal.readthedocs.io

We present the SCUBA-2 850 ${\mu}m$ component of JINGLE, the new JCMT large survey for dust and gas in nearby galaxies, which with 193 galaxies is the largest targeted survey of nearby galaxies at 850 ${\mu}m$. We provide details of our SCUBA-2 data reduction pipeline, optimised for slightly extended sources, and including a calibration model adjusted to match conventions used in other far-infrared data. We measure total integrated fluxes for the entire JINGLE sample in 10 infrared/submillimetre bands, including all WISE, Herschel-PACS, Herschel-SPIRE and SCUBA-2 850 ${\mu}m$ maps, statistically accounting for the contamination by CO(J=3-2) in the 850 ${\mu}m$ band. Of our initial sample of 193 galaxies, 191 are detected at 250 ${\mu}m$ with a $\geq$ 5${\sigma}$ significance. In the SCUBA-2 850 ${\mu}m$ band we detect 126 galaxies with $\geq$ 3${\sigma}$ significance. The distribution of the JINGLE galaxies in far-infrared/sub-millimetre colour-colour plots reveals that the sample is not well fit by single modified-blackbody models that assume a single dust-emissivity index $(\beta)$. Instead, our new 850 ${\mu}m$ data suggest either that a large fraction of our objects require $\beta < 1.5$, or that a model allowing for an excess of sub-mm emission (e.g., a broken dust emissivity law, or a very cold dust component 10 K) is required. We provide relations to convert far-infrared colours to dust temperature and $\beta$ for JINGLE-like galaxies. For JINGLE the FIR colours correlate more strongly with star-formation rate surface-density rather than the stellar surface-density, suggesting heating of dust is greater due to younger rather than older stellar-populations, consistent with the low proportion of early-type galaxies in the sample., Comment: Accepted by MNRAS; data available at http://www.star.ucl.ac.uk/JINGLE/

Using infrared data from the Herschel Space Observatory and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) 3 GHz observations in the COSMOS field, we investigate the redshift evolution of the infrared-radio correlation (IRRC) for star-forming galaxies (SFGs) we classify as either spheroid- or disc-dominated based on their morphology. The sample predominantly consists of disc galaxies with stellar mass ${\gtrsim}10^{10}\,M_{\odot}$, and residing on the star-forming main sequence (MS). After the removal of AGN using standard approaches, we observe a significant difference between the redshift-evolution of the median IR/radio ratio $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ of (i) a sample of ellipticals, plus discs with a substantial bulge component (`spheroid-dominated' SFGs) and, (ii) virtually pure discs and irregular systems (`disc-dominated' SFGs). The spheroid-dominated population follows a declining $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$ vs. $z$ trend similar to that measured in recent evolutionary studies of the IRRC. However, for disc-dominated galaxies, where radio and IR emission should be linked to star formation in the most straightforward way, we measure very little change in $\overline{q}_{\mathrm{TIR}}$. This suggests that low-redshift calibrations of radio emission as an SFR-tracer may remain valid out to at least $z\,{\simeq}\,1\,{-}\,1.5$ for pure star-forming systems. We find that the different redshift-evolution of $q_{\rm TIR}$ for the spheroid- and disc-dominated sample is mainly due to an increasing radio excess for spheroid-dominated galaxies at $z\,{\gtrsim}\,$0.8, hinting at some residual AGN activity in these systems. This finding demonstrates that in the absence of AGN the IRRC is independent of redshift, and that radio observations can therefore be used to estimate SFRs at all redshifts for genuinely star-forming galaxies., Comment: Resubmitted to MNRAS after addressing reviewer feedback

HE0450-2958, an interacting quasar-starburst galaxy pair at $z$ = 0.285, is one of the best known examples of strong star formation activity in the presence of a quasar-driven jet. We present new multi-band JVLA-imaging covering 1 to 6 GHz and reaching an angular resolution of up to $0{}_{{}^.}^{"}6$ (a 6-fold improvement over existing radio data). We confirm the previous detection of a spatially extended radio component around the quasar indicating that there is on-going star formation activity in the quasar host galaxy. For the first time, we directly detect a jet-like bipolar outflow from the quasar aligned with its companion star-forming galaxy (SFG) and several blobs of ionized gas in its vicinity identified in previous studies. Within the companion SFG we find evidence for a flattening of the synchrotron spectral index towards the point of intersection with the jet axis, further suggesting that the outflow may actually be impacting its interstellar medium (ISM). We discuss two possible mechanisms that could have triggered the starburst in the companion SFG: a wet-dry merger with the quasar and jet-induced star formation. While triggering through interaction-driven gas dynamics cannot be excluded with current data, our new observations make HE0450-2958 a strong candidate for jet-induced star formation, and one of the rare links between local systems (like Minkowski's Object or Centaurus A) and the high-z regime where radio-optical alignments suggest that this phenomenon could be more common., Comment: 11 pages including 5 figures, published in MNRAS