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The article describes the structure of the created software package for mechatronic systems that implements the technology of selective laser melting (SLM). One of the part of this software package is a software platform for solving machine vision tasks. Examples of several problems solved using the software platformare given. The solution to define the geometry and location of a metal sheet is considered in detail. The developed algorithm is used to solve the task of determining the geometry of the melted layer, the results of which will later be used for layer-by-layer reconstruction of the geometry of the manufactured part. The presented software platform was developed to implement analysis and control functions within the application software for implementing in SLM technology, however, as a result, the created software platform has received a wider range of applications.

Introduction Idiopathic scoliosis is characterized by a multicomponent deformity of the axial skeleton, surgical correction of which is advisable to improve the quality of life of patients. The SRS-22 questionnaire is widely used for its evaluation. The purpose of the work was to identify and evaluate, using a systematic review method, non-surgical, socio‑economic and other factors not directly related to surgical intervention that influence the results of SRS-22. Materials and methods The search was performed on the PubMed electronic platform in accordance with the PICOS protocol. Initially, 280 articles were selected for the period of 2003-2023. The authors carried out further selection manually. The review was based on the analysis of 15 articles containing data to determine the influence of various factors on the results of the SRS-22 questionnaire. Results It was revealed that the results of SRS-22 depend on many factors that are not directly related to either the spinal pathology itself or its surgical treatment. Contemporary studies assessing quality of life in scoliosis emphasize the influence of ethnic and socioeconomic factors on the results of the SRS-22 survey. The results indicate differences in the assessment of the quality of life of patients with comparable pathologies depending on the geographical and social context. The role of three-way interaction between the doctor, parents and paediatric patient when assessing the results of the SRS-22 survey was considered. It was found that SRS-22 scores before and after the initial medical consultation did not have significant differences; and the assessment by parents did not differ from the assessment by the paediatric patient. A relationship was found between the use of “rigid” functional corrective braces and the results of SRS-22 — indicators of satisfaction with treatment, and, accordingly, the overall SRS-22 score in patients who received brace therapy were significantly higher. It was found that physical activity and endurance correlate with the quality of life of patients with idiopathic scoliosis. Discussion The SRS-22 questionnaire is a key tool for assessing the quality of life of patients with scoliosis, taking into account their age and functional status. Over the years of using SRS questionnaires, various scientists have proposed several modifications to improve accuracy and ease of use, but only SRS-22 has become generally accepted. It is necessary to develop special additional algorithms that allow the results of various versions of SRS questionnaires to be interpreted into a single format for their analysis and comparison. Conclusion The relationship and influence of the severity and structure of spinal deformity on the standard of living is an extremely heterogeneous and multicomponent issue. SRS-22 results are strongly influenced not only by medical factors, but also by age, ethnic, cultural, social and economic factors. There is a gradual change in SRS-22 scores in the postoperative period over decades since the moment of surgery. Parents are quite accurate in assessing their child's condition when using the SRS-22.

Objective. To evaluate early and medium-term results of surgical treatment of early-onset scoliosis using the principle of growth-friendly systems. Material and Methods. A retrospective analysis of the medical records of 54 patients treated using surgical distractible metal implants was carried out. Patients were divided into 4 etiological groups: congenital (n = 17), systemic (n = 12), idiopathic (n = 16) and neurogenic scoliosis (9). The boy/girl ratio was 11/43. The average age at which patients started treatment was 9.6 years, and at the end of treatment – 13.2 years. Results. Radiometric parameters were assessed during and after completion of treatment. The Cobb angle of the main curve of deformity before treatment averaged 56.1°, after the primary operation – 31.8°, and after completion of treatment – 23.2°. Correction of the main deformity curve for the entire period of multi-stage surgical treatment was 57.8 %. The highest initial magnitude of deformity was noted in the group of neuromuscular scoliosis (67.6°), and the lowest in the group of congenital pathology (50.4°). In the groups of systemic and idiopathic scoliosis, the preoperative values were very close: 53.4° for systemic scoliosis and 57.6° for idiopathic scoliosis. According to the results of staged treatment in the neuromuscular scoliosis group, the residual curvature of the main curve was the lowest, and the percentage of its correction was the highest – 18.9° and 73.6 %, respectively, versus 24.5° and 49.7 % in the congenital scoliosis group. The effectiveness of treatment with an assessment of the percentage of correction after final instrumentation in groups of idiopathic and systemic scoliosis was close: 23,0° and 62.3 %, and 28.5° and 51.5 %, respectively. Identical average values of the main curve angle after final instrumentation were noted in all four etiological groups (on average, 23.2°). Changes in thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis were insignificant. During the treatment, 22 unplanned surgical interventions were performed in 15 patients. Conclusion. This study revealed a number of key points that in the future may help in the formation of clearer algorithms of selecting the most optimal technique: neurogenic scoliosis is most successfully corrected by growing systems, and congenital scoliosis shows less pronounced correction of deformity and a greater relative number of complications per patient with a single use of growing systems, which requires caution during staged surgical treatment.

Abstract Retinotopy, like all long-range projections, can arise from the axons themselves or their targets. The underlying connectivity pattern, however, remains elusive at the fine scale in the mammalian brain. To address this question, we functionally mapped the spatial organization of the input axons and target neurons in the female mouse retinocollicular pathway at single-cell resolution using in vivo two-photon calcium imaging. We found a near-perfect retinotopic tiling of retinal ganglion cell axon terminals, with an average error below 30 μm or 2° of visual angle. The precision of retinotopy was relatively lower for local neurons in the superior colliculus. Subsequent data-driven modeling ascribed it to a low input convergence, on average 5.5 retinal ganglion cell inputs per postsynaptic cell in the superior colliculus. These results indicate that retinotopy arises largely from topographically precise input from presynaptic cells, rather than elaborating local circuitry to reconstruct the topography by postsynaptic cells.

Abstract Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy has had limited success (

The article assesses the share of counterfeit products on the Russian domestic market highlighting the most counterfeited product categories. On the basis of the analysis of key indicators of the automotive parts market, preconditions for the presence of large volumes of counterfeit products in the segment have been identified. Correlation of parallel imports and the counterfeit auto parts number increase has been established. The paper presents recommendations for combating the importation of counterfeit products in the context of parallel imports. The most significant of them are the extension of digital labeling to a wide category of automotive components, establishment of domestic production of spare parts and components, stimulation of Russian manufacturers by providing targeted loans and tax incentives.

We investigate the stochastic version of the paradigmatic model of magnetohydrodynamic turbulence. The model can be interpreted as an active vector admixture subject to advective processes governed by turbulent flow. The back influence on fluid dynamics is explicitly taken into account. The velocity field is generated through a fully developed turbulent flow taking into account the violation of spatial parity, which is introduced through the helicity parameter ρ. We consider a generalized setup in which parameter A is introduced in model formulation, which is associated with the interaction part of the model, and its actual value represents different physical systems. The model is analyzed by means of the field-theoretic renormalization group. The calculation is performed using ε-expansion, where ε is the deviation from the Kolmogorov scaling. Two-loop numerical calculations of the renormalization constant associated with the renormalization of the magnetic field are presented.

Background. Feed-borne T-2 toxin may inhibit innate immune system function in birds.The aim. To evaluate the effect of T-2 toxin, artificially introduced with feed, on the expression level of a number of immunity-related genes in the tissues of the broiler digestive system.Materials and methods. The experiments were carried out in the vivarium of the FSC “VNITIP” RAS broilers of the Smena 8 cross from 33 to 47-day old. Experimental contamination of feed T-2 toxin was performed. The birds were divided into 4 groups of 5 animals each: I – control, receiving a diet without the introduction of T-2 toxin, II experimental – receiving a diet with the addition of T-2 toxin, III experimental – receiving a diet with the addition of T-2 toxin and the sorbent Zaslon2+, IV experimental – receiving a diet with the addition of T-2 toxin, the same sorbent Zaslon2+and Axtra Pro enzyme. The level of mRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription PCR.Results. The data obtained indicated the impact of T-2 toxin contamination of broiler feed on the modulation of the level of expression of genes associated with the functioning of the immune system in the cecum and pancreas. Exposure to T-2 toxin (group II) led to an increase in the expression of the pro-inflammatory gene IL-6 in the tissues of the caecum by 10.8 times and IL-8 in the pancreas by 3.89 times (p ≤ 0.05) compared with control group I. The effect of the sorbent, as well as the complex, including the sorbent and the enzyme, on the expression of broiler genes was positive. The sorbent without the enzyme showed greater efficiency than with the additional introduction of the enzyme.