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1. Understanding sexed and racialised violence : an intersectional approach

Author

Monk, Helen L.

Subjects
340, H Social Sciences (General), HQ The family. Marriage. Woman, L Education (General)
Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to address the relative effectiveness and usefulness of intersectionality as an elastic concept which can span more than the theoretical arena. To do this, the prevailing social problem of violence against ethnicised women is examined in all its complexities. Intersectionality works on two strategic levels – firstly, the framework recognises that individuals are comprised of numerous identity markers and that these characteristics take on a multiplicative relationship, and secondly, that structural systems of power exist within society to reinforce hierarchical privileges and oppressions that are predicated on identity. This thesis presents intersectionality as a possible way of framing the various interactions of social divisions, and the regimes of inequality which cut-across them, in the context of violence against ethnicised women. This violence is analysed through theoretical, policy and practical responses with particular attention being paid to how the three spheres deal with difference on a variety of analytical levels. A content analysis of New Labour government policy adopts intersectionality as a lens with which to ascertain how valuable this frame is as a methodological tool. Ten interviews with service providers from the violence against women field are conducted in order to gain experiential insight into how identity is seen to shape experience and appropriate responses. This thesis demonstrates that competing perceptions of identity, which are contextually and historically contingent, create a series of specific problems for ethnicised women that are frequently rooted in discourses of marginality, difference and homogeny. Intersectionality is a useful way of creating increased fluidity between theory, policy and practice, and of heightening an understanding of the heterogeneity of women’s experiences. It has much to offer the VAW field in the UK.

Published
2011

2. Oral abstracts 3: RA Treatment and outcomesO13. Validation of jadas in all subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a clinical setting

Author

McErlane, Flora, Beresford, Michael W., Baildam, Eileen M., Thomson, Wendy, Hyrich, Kimme, Chieng, Alice, Davidson, Joyce, Foster, Helen E., Gardner-Medwin, Janet, Lunt, Mark, Wedderburn, Lucy, Nikiphorou, Elena, Carpenter, Lewis, Kiely, Patrick, Walsh, David, Dixey, Josh, Young, Adam, Kapoor, Sabrina R., Filer, Andrew, Fitzpatrick, Martin, Fisher, Benjamin A., Taylor, Peter C., Buckley, Christopher, McInnes, Iain, Raza, Karim, Young, Stephen P., Dougados, Maxime, Kissel, Karsten, Amital, Howard, Conaghan, Philip, Martin-Mola, Emilio, Nasonov, Evgeny, Schett, Georg, Troum, Orrin, Veldi, Tiina, Bernasconi, Corrado, Huizinga, Tom, Durez, Patrick, Genovese, Mark C., Richards, Hanno B., Supronik, Jerzy, Dokoupilova, Eva, Aelion, Jacob A., Lee, Sang-Heon, Codding, Christine E., Kellner, Herbert, Ikawa, Takashi, Hugot, Sophie, Ligozio, Gregory, Mpofu, Shephard, Kavanaugh, Arthur, Emery, Paul, Fleischmann, Roy, Van Vollenhoven, Ronald, Pavelka, Karel, Guérette, Benoît, Santra, Sourav, Redden, Laura, Kupper, Hartmut, Smolen, Josef S., Wilkie, Ross, Tajar, Abdelouahid, McBeth, John, Hooper, Lindsey S., Bowen, Catherine J., Gates, Lucy, Culliford, David, Edwards, Christopher J., Arden, Nigel K., Adams, Jo, Ryan, Sarah, Haywood, Hannah, Pain, Helen, Siddle, Heidi J., Redmond, Anthony C., Waxman, Robin, Dagg, Abigail R., Alcacer-Pitarch, Begonya, Wilkins, Richard A., Helliwell, Philip S., Norton, Sam, Williams, Richard, Halls, Serena, Law, Rebecca-Jane, Jones, Jeremy, Markland, David, Maddison, Peter, Thom, Jeanette, Parker, Ben, Urowitz, Murray B., Gladman, Dafna D., Bruce, Ian, Croca, Sara C., Pericleous, Charis, Yong, Harry, Isenberg, David, Giles, Ian, Rahman, Anisur, Ioannou, Yiannis, Warrell, Clare E., Dobarro, David, Handler, Clive, Denton, Christopher P., Schreiber, Benjamin E., Coghlan, John G., Betteridge, Zoe E., Woodhead, Felix, Bunn, Christopher, Abraham, David, Desai, Sujal, du Bois, Roland, Wells, Athol, McHugh, Neil, Abignano, Giuseppina, Aydin, Sibel, Castillo-Gallego, Conception, Woods, Daniel, Meekings, Adam, McGonagle, Dennis, Del Galdo, Francesco, Vila, Josephine, Mitchell, Sheryl, Bowman, Simon, Price, Elizabeth, Pease, Colin T., Andrews, Jacqueline, Bombardieri, Michele, Sutcliffe, Nurhan, Pitzalis, Constantino, Lanyon, Peter, Hunter, John, Gupta, Monica, McLaren, John, Regan, Marian, Cooper, Annie, Vadivelu, Saravanan, Coady, David, Griffiths, Bridget, Lendrem, Dennis, Foggo, Heather, Tarn, Jessica, Ng, Wan-Fai, Goodhead, Charlotte, Shekar, Priya, Kelly, Clive, Francis, Gail, Bailey, Ann-Marie, Thompson, Lynsey, Hamilton, Jennifer, Salisbury, Chris, Foster, Nadine E., Bishop, Annette, Coast, Jo, Franchini, Angelo, Hall, Jeanette, Hollinghurst, Sandra, Hopper, Cherida, Grove, Sean, Kaur, Surinder, Montgomery, Alan, Paskins, Zoe, Sanders, Tom, Croft, Peter R., Hassell, Andy B., Coxon, Domenica E., Frisher, Martin, Jordan, Kelvin P., Jinks, Clare, Peat, George, Monk, Helen L., Muller, Sara, Mallen, Christian, Hider, Samantha L., Roddy, Edward, and Hayward, Richard

Abstract

Background: Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) is a 4 variable composite disease activity (DA) score for JIA (including active 10, 27 or 71 joint count (AJC), physician global (PGA), parent/child global (PGE) and ESR). The validity of JADAS for all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting is unknown. We investigated the construct validity of JADAS in the clinical setting in all subtypes of JIA through application to a prospective inception cohort of UK children presenting with new onset inflammatory arthritis. Methods: JADAS 10, 27 and 71 were determined for all children in the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) with complete data available at baseline. Correlation of JADAS 10, 27 and 71 with single DA markers was determined for all subtypes. All correlations were calculated using Spearman's rank statistic. Results: 262/1238 visits had sufficient data for calculation of JADAS (1028 (83%) AJC, 744 (60%) PGA, 843 (68%) PGE and 459 (37%) ESR). Median age at disease onset was 6.0 years (IQR 2.6-10.4) and 64% were female. Correlation between JADAS 10, 27 and 71 approached 1 for all subtypes. Median JADAS 71 was 5.3 (IQR 2.2-10.1) with a significant difference between median JADAS scores between subtypes (p < 0.01). Correlation of JADAS 71 with each single marker of DA was moderate to high in the total cohort (see Table 1). Overall, correlation with AJC, PGA and PGE was moderate to high and correlation with ESR, limited JC, parental pain and CHAQ was low to moderate in the individual subtypes. Correlation coefficients in the extended oligoarticular, rheumatoid factor negative and enthesitis related subtypes were interpreted with caution in view of low numbers. Conclusions: This study adds to the body of evidence supporting the construct validity of JADAS. JADAS correlates with other measures of DA in all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting. Given the high frequency of missing ESR data, it would be useful to assess the validity of JADAS without inclusion of the ESR. Disclosure statement: All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. Table 1Spearman's correlation between JADAS 71 and single markers DA by ILAR subtype ILAR Subtype Systemic onset JIA Persistent oligo JIA Extended oligo JIA Rheumatoid factor neg JIA Rheumatoid factor pos JIA Enthesitis related JIA Psoriatic JIA Undifferentiated JIA Unknown subtype Total cohort Number of children 23 111 12 57 7 9 19 7 17 262 AJC 0.54 0.67 0.53 0.75 0.53 0.34 0.59 0.81 0.37 0.59 PGA 0.63 0.69 0.25 0.73 0.14 0.05 0.50 0.83 0.56 0.64 PGE 0.51 0.68 0.83 0.61 0.41 0.69 0.71 0.9 0.48 0.61 ESR 0.28 0.31 0.35 0.4 0.6 0.85 0.43 0.7 0.5 0.53 Limited 71 JC 0.29 0.51 0.23 0.37 0.14 -0.12 0.4 0.81 0.45 0.41 Parental pain 0.23 0.62 0.03 0.57 0.41 0.69 0.7 0.79 0.42 0.53 Childhood health assessment questionnaire 0.25 0.57 -0.07 0.36 -0.47 0.84 0.37 0.8 0.66 0.47

Published
2017

3. Understanding Sexed and Racialised Violence: An Intersectional Approach

Author

Monk, Helen L and Monk, Helen L

Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to address the relative effectiveness and usefulness of intersectionality as an elastic concept which can span more than the theoretical arena. To do this, the prevailing social problem of violence against ethnicised women is examined in all its complexities. Intersectionality works on two strategic levels – firstly, the framework recognises that individuals are comprised of numerous identity markers and that these characteristics take on a multiplicative relationship, and secondly, that structural systems of power exist within society to reinforce hierarchical privileges and oppressions that are predicated on identity. This thesis presents intersectionality as a possible way of framing the various interactions of social divisions, and the regimes of inequality which cut-across them, in the context of violence against ethnicised women. This violence is analysed through theoretical, policy and practical responses with particular attention being paid to how the three spheres deal with difference on a variety of analytical levels. A content analysis of New Labour government policy adopts intersectionality as a lens with which to ascertain how valuable this frame is as a methodological tool. Ten interviews with service providers from the violence against women field are conducted in order to gain experiential insight into how identity is seen to shape experience and appropriate responses. This thesis demonstrates that competing perceptions of identity, which are contextually and historically contingent, create a series of specific problems for ethnicised women that are frequently rooted in discourses of marginality, difference and homogeny. Intersectionality is a useful way of creating increased fluidity between theory, policy and practice, and of heightening an understanding of the heterogeneity of women’s experiences. It has much to offer the VAW field in the UK.

Published
2011

5. Understanding Sexed and Racialised Violence: An Intersectional Approach

Author

Monk, Helen L

Subjects
L300
Abstract

The purpose of this thesis is to address the relative effectiveness and usefulness of intersectionality as an elastic concept which can span more than the theoretical arena. To do this, the prevailing social problem of violence against ethnicised women is examined in all its complexities. Intersectionality works on two strategic levels – firstly, the framework recognises that individuals are comprised of numerous identity markers and that these characteristics take on a multiplicative relationship, and secondly, that structural systems of power exist within society to reinforce hierarchical privileges and oppressions that are predicated on identity. This thesis presents intersectionality as a possible way of framing the various interactions of social divisions, and the regimes of inequality which cut-across them, in the context of violence against ethnicised women. This violence is analysed through theoretical, policy and practical responses with particular attention being paid to how the three spheres deal with difference on a variety of analytical levels. A content analysis of New Labour government policy adopts intersectionality as a lens with which to ascertain how valuable this frame is as a methodological tool. Ten interviews with service\ud providers from the violence against women field are conducted in order to gain experiential insight into how identity is seen to shape experience and appropriate responses. This thesis demonstrates that competing perceptions of identity, which are contextually and historically contingent, create a series of specific problems for ethnicised women that are frequently rooted in discourses of marginality, difference and homogeny. Intersectionality is a useful way of creating increased fluidity between theory, policy and practice, and of heightening an understanding of the heterogeneity of women’s experiences. It\ud has much to offer the VAW field in the UK.

6. Oral abstracts 3: RA Treatment and outcomesO13. Validation of jadas in all subtypes of juvenile idiopathic arthritis in a clinical setting

Author

McErlane, Flora, Beresford, Michael W., Baildam, Eileen M., Thomson, Wendy, Hyrich, Kimme, Chieng, Alice, Davidson, Joyce, Foster, Helen E., Gardner-Medwin, Janet, Lunt, Mark, Wedderburn, Lucy, Nikiphorou, Elena, Carpenter, Lewis, Kiely, Patrick, Walsh, David, Dixey, Josh, Young, Adam, Kapoor, Sabrina R., Filer, Andrew, Fitzpatrick, Martin, Fisher, Benjamin A., Taylor, Peter C., Buckley, Christopher, McInnes, Iain, Raza, Karim, Young, Stephen P., Dougados, Maxime, Kissel, Karsten, Amital, Howard, Conaghan, Philip, Martin-Mola, Emilio, Nasonov, Evgeny, Schett, Georg, Troum, Orrin, Veldi, Tiina, Bernasconi, Corrado, Huizinga, Tom, Durez, Patrick, Genovese, Mark C., Richards, Hanno B., Supronik, Jerzy, Dokoupilova, Eva, Aelion, Jacob A., Lee, Sang-Heon, Codding, Christine E., Kellner, Herbert, Ikawa, Takashi, Hugot, Sophie, Ligozio, Gregory, Mpofu, Shephard, Kavanaugh, Arthur, Emery, Paul, Fleischmann, Roy, Van Vollenhoven, Ronald, Pavelka, Karel, Guérette, Benoît, Santra, Sourav, Redden, Laura, Kupper, Hartmut, Smolen, Josef S., Wilkie, Ross, Tajar, Abdelouahid, McBeth, John, Hooper, Lindsey S., Bowen, Catherine J., Gates, Lucy, Culliford, David, Edwards, Christopher J., Arden, Nigel K., Adams, Jo, Ryan, Sarah, Haywood, Hannah, Pain, Helen, Siddle, Heidi J., Redmond, Anthony C., Waxman, Robin, Dagg, Abigail R., Alcacer-Pitarch, Begonya, Wilkins, Richard A., Helliwell, Philip S., Norton, Sam, Williams, Richard, Halls, Serena, Law, Rebecca-Jane, Jones, Jeremy, Markland, David, Maddison, Peter, Thom, Jeanette, Parker, Ben, Urowitz, Murray B., Gladman, Dafna D., Bruce, Ian, Croca, Sara C., Pericleous, Charis, Yong, Harry, Isenberg, David, Giles, Ian, Rahman, Anisur, Ioannou, Yiannis, Warrell, Clare E., Dobarro, David, Handler, Clive, Denton, Christopher P., Schreiber, Benjamin E., Coghlan, John G., Betteridge, Zoe E., Woodhead, Felix, Bunn, Christopher, Abraham, David, Desai, Sujal, du Bois, Roland, Wells, Athol, McHugh, Neil, Abignano, Giuseppina, Aydin, Sibel, Castillo-Gallego, Conception, Woods, Daniel, Meekings, Adam, McGonagle, Dennis, Del Galdo, Francesco, Vila, Josephine, Mitchell, Sheryl, Bowman, Simon, Price, Elizabeth, Pease, Colin T., Andrews, Jacqueline, Bombardieri, Michele, Sutcliffe, Nurhan, Pitzalis, Constantino, Lanyon, Peter, Hunter, John, Gupta, Monica, McLaren, John, Regan, Marian, Cooper, Annie, Vadivelu, Saravanan, Coady, David, Griffiths, Bridget, Lendrem, Dennis, Foggo, Heather, Tarn, Jessica, Ng, Wan-Fai, Goodhead, Charlotte, Shekar, Priya, Kelly, Clive, Francis, Gail, Bailey, Ann-Marie, Thompson, Lynsey, Hamilton, Jennifer, Salisbury, Chris, Foster, Nadine E., Bishop, Annette, Coast, Jo, Franchini, Angelo, Hall, Jeanette, Hollinghurst, Sandra, Hopper, Cherida, Grove, Sean, Kaur, Surinder, Montgomery, Alan, Paskins, Zoe, Sanders, Tom, Croft, Peter R., Hassell, Andy B., Coxon, Domenica E., Frisher, Martin, Jordan, Kelvin P., Jinks, Clare, Peat, George, Monk, Helen L., Muller, Sara, Mallen, Christian, Hider, Samantha L., Roddy, Edward, Hayward, Richard, McErlane, Flora, Beresford, Michael W., Baildam, Eileen M., Thomson, Wendy, Hyrich, Kimme, Chieng, Alice, Davidson, Joyce, Foster, Helen E., Gardner-Medwin, Janet, Lunt, Mark, Wedderburn, Lucy, Nikiphorou, Elena, Carpenter, Lewis, Kiely, Patrick, Walsh, David, Dixey, Josh, Young, Adam, Kapoor, Sabrina R., Filer, Andrew, Fitzpatrick, Martin, Fisher, Benjamin A., Taylor, Peter C., Buckley, Christopher, McInnes, Iain, Raza, Karim, Young, Stephen P., Dougados, Maxime, Kissel, Karsten, Amital, Howard, Conaghan, Philip, Martin-Mola, Emilio, Nasonov, Evgeny, Schett, Georg, Troum, Orrin, Veldi, Tiina, Bernasconi, Corrado, Huizinga, Tom, Durez, Patrick, Genovese, Mark C., Richards, Hanno B., Supronik, Jerzy, Dokoupilova, Eva, Aelion, Jacob A., Lee, Sang-Heon, Codding, Christine E., Kellner, Herbert, Ikawa, Takashi, Hugot, Sophie, Ligozio, Gregory, Mpofu, Shephard, Kavanaugh, Arthur, Emery, Paul, Fleischmann, Roy, Van Vollenhoven, Ronald, Pavelka, Karel, Guérette, Benoît, Santra, Sourav, Redden, Laura, Kupper, Hartmut, Smolen, Josef S., Wilkie, Ross, Tajar, Abdelouahid, McBeth, John, Hooper, Lindsey S., Bowen, Catherine J., Gates, Lucy, Culliford, David, Edwards, Christopher J., Arden, Nigel K., Adams, Jo, Ryan, Sarah, Haywood, Hannah, Pain, Helen, Siddle, Heidi J., Redmond, Anthony C., Waxman, Robin, Dagg, Abigail R., Alcacer-Pitarch, Begonya, Wilkins, Richard A., Helliwell, Philip S., Norton, Sam, Williams, Richard, Halls, Serena, Law, Rebecca-Jane, Jones, Jeremy, Markland, David, Maddison, Peter, Thom, Jeanette, Parker, Ben, Urowitz, Murray B., Gladman, Dafna D., Bruce, Ian, Croca, Sara C., Pericleous, Charis, Yong, Harry, Isenberg, David, Giles, Ian, Rahman, Anisur, Ioannou, Yiannis, Warrell, Clare E., Dobarro, David, Handler, Clive, Denton, Christopher P., Schreiber, Benjamin E., Coghlan, John G., Betteridge, Zoe E., Woodhead, Felix, Bunn, Christopher, Abraham, David, Desai, Sujal, du Bois, Roland, Wells, Athol, McHugh, Neil, Abignano, Giuseppina, Aydin, Sibel, Castillo-Gallego, Conception, Woods, Daniel, Meekings, Adam, McGonagle, Dennis, Del Galdo, Francesco, Vila, Josephine, Mitchell, Sheryl, Bowman, Simon, Price, Elizabeth, Pease, Colin T., Andrews, Jacqueline, Bombardieri, Michele, Sutcliffe, Nurhan, Pitzalis, Constantino, Lanyon, Peter, Hunter, John, Gupta, Monica, McLaren, John, Regan, Marian, Cooper, Annie, Vadivelu, Saravanan, Coady, David, Griffiths, Bridget, Lendrem, Dennis, Foggo, Heather, Tarn, Jessica, Ng, Wan-Fai, Goodhead, Charlotte, Shekar, Priya, Kelly, Clive, Francis, Gail, Bailey, Ann-Marie, Thompson, Lynsey, Hamilton, Jennifer, Salisbury, Chris, Foster, Nadine E., Bishop, Annette, Coast, Jo, Franchini, Angelo, Hall, Jeanette, Hollinghurst, Sandra, Hopper, Cherida, Grove, Sean, Kaur, Surinder, Montgomery, Alan, Paskins, Zoe, Sanders, Tom, Croft, Peter R., Hassell, Andy B., Coxon, Domenica E., Frisher, Martin, Jordan, Kelvin P., Jinks, Clare, Peat, George, Monk, Helen L., Muller, Sara, Mallen, Christian, Hider, Samantha L., Roddy, Edward, and Hayward, Richard

Abstract

Background: Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS) is a 4 variable composite disease activity (DA) score for JIA (including active 10, 27 or 71 joint count (AJC), physician global (PGA), parent/child global (PGE) and ESR). The validity of JADAS for all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting is unknown. We investigated the construct validity of JADAS in the clinical setting in all subtypes of JIA through application to a prospective inception cohort of UK children presenting with new onset inflammatory arthritis. Methods: JADAS 10, 27 and 71 were determined for all children in the Childhood Arthritis Prospective Study (CAPS) with complete data available at baseline. Correlation of JADAS 10, 27 and 71 with single DA markers was determined for all subtypes. All correlations were calculated using Spearman's rank statistic. Results: 262/1238 visits had sufficient data for calculation of JADAS (1028 (83%) AJC, 744 (60%) PGA, 843 (68%) PGE and 459 (37%) ESR). Median age at disease onset was 6.0 years (IQR 2.6-10.4) and 64% were female. Correlation between JADAS 10, 27 and 71 approached 1 for all subtypes. Median JADAS 71 was 5.3 (IQR 2.2-10.1) with a significant difference between median JADAS scores between subtypes (p < 0.01). Correlation of JADAS 71 with each single marker of DA was moderate to high in the total cohort (see Table 1). Overall, correlation with AJC, PGA and PGE was moderate to high and correlation with ESR, limited JC, parental pain and CHAQ was low to moderate in the individual subtypes. Correlation coefficients in the extended oligoarticular, rheumatoid factor negative and enthesitis related subtypes were interpreted with caution in view of low numbers. Conclusions: This study adds to the body of evidence supporting the construct validity of JADAS. JADAS correlates with other measures of DA in all ILAR subtypes in the routine clinical setting. Given the high frequency of missing ESR data, it would be useful to assess the validity of JA

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