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Monodora crispata Engl., Notizbl. Königl. Bot. Gart. Berlin 2: 301, 1899 Fig. 74; Map 9I = Monodora crispata var. klaineana Engl., Monogr. Afrik. Pflanzen.-Fam. 6: 90, 1901. Type. Gabon. Estuaire, Libreville, Klaine T.-J. 1435, 14 Jan 1899: lectotype, designated by Couvreur (2009), p. 206: P[P01985660]. Type. Cameroon. South Region; 9 km N. of Kribi, Bos J.J. 6224, 2 Feb 1970: neotype, designated by Couvreur 2008, p. 206, sheet here designated: WAG[WAG0158468]; isotypes: BR[BR0000014056789]; C, K, LD, L MO, P, WAG[WAG0158469]; YA. Description. Tree or a more often a woody climber, lianescent, up to 20 m tall, d.b.h. 15-30 cm; stilt roots or buttresses absent. Indumentum of simple hairs if present; old leafless branches glabrous, young foliate branches glabrous. Leaves: petiole 3-7 mm long, 1-2 mm in diameter, glabrous, grooved, blade inserted on the side of the petiole; blade 5-17 cm long, 2.5-6 cm wide, elliptic to obovate, apex acuminate, acumen 0.3-1 cm long, base rounded, coriaceous to membranous, below glabrous when young and old, above glabrous when young and old, concolorous; midrib raised above, above glabrous when young and old, below glabrous when young and old; secondary veins 9 to 13 pairs, glabrous below; tertiary venation reticulate. Individuals bisexual; inflorescences ramiflorous on old or young foliate branches, leaf opposed or extra axillary. Flowers with 9 perianth parts in 3 whorls, 1 per inflorescence; pedicel 20-50 mm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter, glabrous; in fruit 30-50 mm long, 4-10 mm in diameter, glabrous; bracts 1, upper only, towards the upper half or middle of pedicel, 6-15 mm long, 5-9 mm wide; sepals 3, valvate, free, 5-18 mm long, 3-6 mm wide, ovate, apex acute, base truncate, green, glabrous outside, glabrous inside, margins wavy to crisped; petals basally fused, tube 2-3 mm long, inner and outer whorl differentiated, outer petals longer than inner; outer petals 3, 35-70 mm long, 6-20 mm wide, oblong, apex attenuate, base truncate, white or yellow at base and distally yellow with red-brown mottling, margins crisped, glabrous outside, glabrous inside; inner petals 3, valvate, 16-25 mm long, 6-20 mm wide, cordate to triangular, apex acute, base narrowed into a claw 3-8 mm long, white to yellow with red streaks towards margins, margins crisped, glabrous outside, sparsely pubescent inside; receptacle convex to flat; stamens numerous, in 9 to 11 rows, 1 mm long; connective discoid, glabrous, cream; staminodes absent; carpels fused into a single structure, ca. 2 mm long, stigma bilobed, slightly capitate, sparsely pubescent. Fruit syncarpous, 35-50 mm long, ca. 20 mm in diameter, long ellipsoid, apex acute, glabrous, 6-7 ribbed, otherwise smooth, green when ripe; seeds 10-13 mm long, 5-9 mm in diameter, ellipsoid; aril absent. Distribution. A widespread species present in West and Central Africa, from Sierra Leone to Ghana, and from southeastern Nigeria to Gabon; in Cameroon known from South and South-West regions. Habitat. An uncommon species in Cameroon; in primary and secondary rain forests and along streams, generally on sandy soil. Altitude 0-400 m a.s.l. Local and common names known in Cameroon. None recorded. IUCN conservation status. Least Concern (LC) (Cosiaux et al. 2019z). Uses in Cameroon. None reported. Notes. Monodora crispata is characterized by its generally lianescent habit resembling a woody climber growing on rocks or larger trees, the petals with very crispy margins, entirely glabrous branches and leaves, and ellipsoid and conspicuously 6-7-ribbed fruits. Cheek and Cable (1998) mention from Mt Cameroon an Isolona sp. nov. (Watts 687, Wheatley 501), however these are now identified as Monodora crispata. Specimens examined. South Region: 9 km N of Kribi, 4.83°N, 9.99°E, 02 February 1970, Bos J.J. 6224 (BR,C,K,LD,MO,P,WAG,YA); Just E of Kribi Seca Regrowth veg On S bank of Kienke R, 3.1°N, 10.25°E, 20 August 1970, Bos J.J. 7199 (BR,P,WAG); bezirk Ebolowa Ekuk 22 km Ebolowa, 2.91°N, 11.31°E, 01 January 1911, Mildbraed G.W.J. 5650 (HBG); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3884 (B); Bipindi, 3.08°N, 10.41°E, 01 January 1909, Zenker G.A. 3935 (BM,BR,G,K,L,MO,P,S). South-West Region: Versant extérieur SSE du cratère du lac Dissoni (=SODEN lac) 20 km WNW Kumba, 4.72°N, 9.270°E, 20 March 1976, Letouzey R. 14498 (K,MO,WAG,YA); Mt Bakingili-Nja Keta Path, 4.08°N, 9.05°E, 21 September 1992, Wheatley J.I. 501 (K,YA)., Published as part of Couvreur, Thomas L. P., Dagallier, Leo-Paul M. J., Crozier, Francoise, Ghogue, Jean-Paul, Hoekstra, Paul H., Kamdem, Narcisse G., Johnson, David M., Murray, Nancy A. & Sonke, Bonaventure, 2022, Flora of Cameroon - Annonaceae Vol 45, pp. 1-532 in PhytoKeys 207 on pages 250-251, DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.207.61432, {"references":["Couvreur, TLP, 2009. Monograph of the syncarpous African genera Isolona and Monodora (Annonaceae). Systematic Botany Monographs 87: 1 - 150","Cosiaux, A, Couvreur, TLP, Erkens, RHJ, 2019z. Monodora crispata. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species: e.T132683216A133046245. https://doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2019-3.RLTS.T132683216A133046245.en"]}

International audience; The composition of four samples of essential oil isolated from the leaves of individual Monodora crispata trees growing wild in an Ivorian forest(Adiopodoumé) were investigated by a combination of chromatographic (GC(RI)) and spectrometric (GC-MS, 13C NMR) techniques. In total, fifty-sevencompounds accounting for 92.3-98.7% of the whole composition were identified. These oils were characterized by the preeminence of sesquiterpenehydrocarbons and the content of the main components varied substantially from sample to sample. Two samples were largely dominated by germacrene D(67.3% and 76.3%, respectively), a third sample was represented by germacrene D (28.3%), germacrene C (14.3%), -elemene (12.1%) and -elemene (9.3%)and the fourth sample was characterized by 3-dimethylallylindole (15.1%), germacrene D (12.0%) and cyperene (7.8%). 13C NMR spectroscopy wasparticularly efficient for the identification of heat-sensitive compounds

► Monodora crispata and M. brevipes (Annonaceae) now belong to the Monodoreae tribe. ► Their chemical composition is poorly known. ► 11 benzylisoquinolines, mainly aporphinoids, were obtained from their leaves. ► Presence of 2 morphinandienones was ascertained in M. crispata. ► N,N-dimethylated isoquinolines are proposed as a distinctive trait in Monodora spp.

The composition of four samples of essential oil isolated from the leaves of individual Monodora crispata trees growing wild in an Ivorian forest (Adiopodoumé) were investigated by a combination of chromatographic (GC(RI)) and spectrometric (GC-MS,13C NMR) techniques. In total, fifty-seven compounds accounting for 92.3–98.7% of the whole composition were identified. These oils were characterized by the preeminence of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and the content of the main components varied substantially from sample to sample. Two samples were largely dominated by germacrene D (67.3% and 76.3%, respectively), a third sample was represented by germacrene D (28.3%), germacrene C (14.3%), δ-elemene (12.1%) and β-elemene (9.3%) and the fourth sample was characterized by 3-dimethylallylindole (15.1%), germacrene D (12.0%) and cyperene (7.8%).13C NMR spectroscopy was particularly efficient for the identification of heat-sensitive compounds.