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7. Microbial production of high octane and high sensitivity olefinic ester biofuels

Author

Carruthers, David N, Kim, Jinho, Mendez-Perez, Daniel, Monroe, Eric, Myllenbeck, Nick, Liu, Yuzhong, Davis, Ryan W, Sundstrom, Eric, and Lee, Taek Soon

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Industrial Biotechnology, Alcohol acyltransferase, Fuel blends, IPP-bypass pathway, Isoprenyl acetate, Isoprenyl lactate, MVA pathway, Olefinic esters, Prenyl acetate, Prenyl lactate
Abstract

BackgroundAdvanced spark ignition engines require high performance fuels with improved resistance to autoignition. Biologically derived olefinic alcohols have arisen as promising blendstock candidates due to favorable octane numbers and synergistic blending characteristics. However, production and downstream separation of these alcohols are limited by their intrinsic toxicity and high aqueous solubility, respectively. Bioproduction of carboxylate esters of alcohols can improve partitioning and reduce toxicity, but in practice has been limited to saturated esters with characteristically low octane sensitivity. If olefinic esters retain the synergistic blending characteristics of their alcohol counterparts, they could improve the bioblendstock combustion performance while also retaining the production advantages of the ester moiety.ResultsOptimization of Escherichia coli isoprenoid pathways has led to high titers of isoprenol and prenol, which are not only excellent standalone biofuel and blend candidates, but also novel targets for esterification. Here, a selection of olefinic esters enhanced blendstock performance according to their degree of unsaturation and branching. E. coli strains harboring optimized mevalonate pathways, thioester pathways, and heterologous alcohol acyltransferases (ATF1, ATF2, and SAAT) were engineered for the bioproduction of four novel olefinic esters. Although prenyl and isoprenyl lactate titers were limited to 1.48 ± 0.41 mg/L and 5.57 ± 1.36 mg/L, strains engineered for prenyl and isoprenyl acetate attained titers of 176.3 ± 16.0 mg/L and 3.08 ± 0.27 g/L, respectively. Furthermore, prenyl acetate (20% bRON = 125.8) and isoprenyl acetate (20% bRON = 108.4) exhibited blend properties comparable to ethanol and significantly better than any saturated ester. By further scaling cultures to a 2-L bioreactor under fed-batch conditions, 15.0 ± 0.9 g/L isoprenyl acetate was achieved on minimal medium. Metabolic engineering of acetate pathway flux further improved titer to attain an unprecedented 28.0 ± 1.0 g/L isoprenyl acetate, accounting for 75.7% theoretical yield from glucose.ConclusionOur study demonstrated novel bioproduction of four isoprenoid oxygenates for fuel blending. Our optimized E. coli production strain generated an unprecedented titer of isoprenyl acetate and when paired with its favorable blend properties, may enable rapid scale-up of olefinic alcohol esters for use as a fuel blend additive or as a precursor for longer-chain biofuels and biochemicals.

Published
2023

13. Outcome of Children with Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt: A Meta-Analysis of Individual Patient Data

Author

Deniz, Sinan, Schinner, Regina, Monroe, Eric J., Horslen, Simon, Srinivasa, Ravi N., Lv, Yong, Fan, Daiming, Han, Guohong, Sarma, Moinak Sen, Srivastava, Anshu, Poddar, Ujjal, Yadav, Rajanikant, Hoang, Thi Phuong Thao, Lange, Christian M., Öcal, Osman, Ricke, Jens, Seidensticker, Max, Lurz, Eberhard, Di Giorgio, Angelo, D’Antiga, Lorenzo, and Wildgruber, Moritz

Published
2023
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19. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm or Dissection: Treatment Planning and Follow-Up

Author

Contrella, Benjamin N., Khaja, Minhajuddin S., Majdalany, Bill S., Kim, Charles Y., Kalva, Sanjeeva P., Beck, Adam W., Browne, William F., Clough, Rachel E., Ferencik, Maros, Fleischman, Fernando, Gunn, Andrew J., Hickey, Sean M., Kandathil, Asha, Kim, Karen M., Monroe, Eric J., Ochoa Chaar, Cassius Iyad, Scheidt, Matthew J., Smolock, Amanda R., Steenburg, Scott D., Waite, Kathleen, Pinchot, Jason W., and Steigner, Michael L.

Published
2023
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20. Monoterpene production by the carotenogenic yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides

Author

Zhuang, Xun, Kilian, Oliver, Monroe, Eric, Ito, Masakazu, Tran-Gymfi, Mary Bao, Liu, Fang, Davis, Ryan W, Mirsiaghi, Mona, Sundstrom, Eric, Pray, Todd, Skerker, Jeffrey M, George, Anthe, and Gladden, John M

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Industrial Biotechnology, Responsible Consumption and Production, Affordable and Clean Energy, Biofuels, Biomass, Carotenoids, Fermentation, Lignin, Monoterpenes, Ustilaginales, Rhodosporidium toruloides, Monoterpene, 1, 8-Cineole, Biofuel, Microbiology, Biotechnology
Abstract

BackgroundDue to their high energy density and compatible physical properties, several monoterpenes have been investigated as potential renewable transportation fuels, either as blendstocks with petroleum or as drop-in replacements for use in vehicles (both heavy and light-weight) or in aviation. Sustainable microbial production of these biofuels requires the ability to utilize cheap and readily available feedstocks such as lignocellulosic biomass, which can be depolymerized into fermentable carbon sources such as glucose and xylose. However, common microbial production platforms such as the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae are not naturally capable of utilizing xylose, hence requiring extensive strain engineering and optimization to efficiently utilize lignocellulosic feedstocks. In contrast, the oleaginous red yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides is capable of efficiently metabolizing both xylose and glucose, suggesting that it may be a suitable host for the production of lignocellulosic bioproducts. In addition, R. toruloides naturally produces several carotenoids (C40 terpenoids), indicating that it may have a naturally high carbon flux through its mevalonate (MVA) pathway, providing pools of intermediates for the production of a wide range of heterologous terpene-based biofuels and bioproducts from lignocellulose.ResultsSixteen terpene synthases (TS) originating from plants, bacteria and fungi were evaluated for their ability to produce a total of nine different monoterpenes in R. toruloides. Eight of these TS were functional and produced several different monoterpenes, either as individual compounds or as mixtures, with 1,8-cineole, sabinene, ocimene, pinene, limonene, and carene being produced at the highest levels. The 1,8-cineole synthase HYP3 from Hypoxylon sp. E74060B produced the highest titer of 14.94 ± 1.84 mg/L 1,8-cineole in YPD medium and was selected for further optimization and fuel properties study. Production of 1,8-cineole from lignocellulose was also demonstrated in a 2L batch fermentation, and cineole production titers reached 34.6 mg/L in DMR-EH (Deacetylated, Mechanically Refined, Enzymatically Hydorlized) hydrolysate. Finally, the fuel properties of 1,8-cineole were examined, and indicate that it may be a suitable petroleum blend stock or drop-in replacement fuel for spark ignition engines.ConclusionOur results demonstrate that Rhodosporidium toruloides is a suitable microbial platform for the production of non-native monoterpenes with biofuel applications from lignocellulosic biomass.

Published
2019

27. Management of twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence with microwave ablation: A case report and review of the literature.

Author

Stellon, Michael A., Joshi, Devashish S., Beninati, Michael, Antony, Kathleen M., Bohrer, Justin, Hinshaw, J. Louis, Monroe, Eric, Winchester, Casey, and Lobeck, Inna

Abstract

Twin reversed arterial perfusion (TRAP) sequence carries a high mortality risk to the "pump twin." Management involves disrupting blood flow to the acardiac mass. In this case, the pregnant patient presented at 20 weeks 6 days with Stage IIb TRAP Sequence and underwent percutaneous ultrasound‐guided microwave ablation (MWA) of the acardiac mass at 21 weeks 0 days. The probe traversed the thorax of the acardiac mass and ablated the confluence of the umbilical vessels. A healthy child was delivered at 33 weeks 5 days gestation. This report demonstrates the utility of MWA in TRAP sequence and describes a novel approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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45. Burnout among Interventional Radiologists

Author

Bundy, Jacob J., Hage, Anthony N., Srinivasa, Ravi N., Gemmete, Joseph J., Lee, Eunjee, Gross, Jonathan S., Healey, Travis L., Solberg, Agnieszka O., Monroe, Eric J., and Chick, Jeffrey Forris Beecham

Published
2020
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50. Venous Malformations

Author

Bly, Randall A., Shivaram, Giri, Monroe, Eric J., Perkins, Jonathan A., editor, and Balakrishnan, Karthik, editor

Published
2018
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