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16. Urbanization as a driver of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity losses in bird communities

Author

Palacio, Facundo X., Ibanez, Lucia M., Maragliano, Rene E., and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
Urbanization -- Research, Bird communities -- Research, Ornithological research, Population declines -- Research, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Urbanization is one of the most important threats to biodiversity worldwide, as it drives declines in species diversity, functional diversity, and phylogenetic diversity and increases functional redundancy among species. We estimated taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities, as well as the abundance of several functional groups, in bird communities from a town in east-central Argentina in 1985-1986 and 30 years after (2015-2016). In 1985-1986, we found that taxonomic diversity (abundance, species richness, and alpha diversity), functional richness, and basal phylogenetic diversity were negatively related to building cover, whereas terminal phylogenetic diversity showed a positive relationship with building cover. Moreover, the abundance of specialized functional groups (ground, aerial, and foliage insectivores; nectarivores/insectivores; ground/canopy and ground granivores) decreased with increased building cover, whereas the reverse pattern for the abundance of generalists (medium-sized/large and small omnivores) was found. In 2015-2016, by contrast, taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities were not related to building cover. Our results not only support the hypothesis that urbanization affects the potential number of ecosystem functions, but also that this relationship may change through time. Given the accelerated rate of urbanization worldwide, an integrative approach between different facets of biodiversity is promoted to gain insight into the response of bird communities in urban environments. Key words: bird community, functional evenness, functional divergence, functional redundancy, functional richness, functional traits. L'urbanisation est l'une des plus grandes menaces pesant sur la biodiversité à l'échelle planétaire puisqu'elle entraíne le déclin d'especes, des baisses de la diversité fonctionnelle et phylogénétique et l'augmentation de la redondance fonctionnelle entre espèces. Nous estimons les diversités taxonomique, fonctionnelle et phylogénétique et l'abondance de plusieurs groupes fonctionnels dans des communautés d'oiseaux d'une ville du centre-est de l'Argentine, en 1985-1986, puis 30 ans plus tard (2015-2016). Nous constatons que, en 1985-1986, la diversité taxonomique (abondance, richesse spécifique et diversité alpha), la richesse fonctionnelle et la diversité phylogénétique basale étaient négativement reliées à la couverture d'immeubles, alors que la diversité phylogénétique terminale présentait une relation positive avec la couverture d'immeubles. En outre, l'abondance de groupes fonctionnels spécialisés (insectivores terrestres, aériens et du feuillage; nectarivores/insectivores; granivores terrestres/de la canopée et terrestres) diminuait quand augmentait la couverture d'immeubles, alors que la relation inverse était observée pour l'abondance des généralistes (moyens/grands et petits omnivores). En revanche, en 2015-2016, les diversités taxonomique, fonctionnelle et phylogénétique n'étaient pas reliée à la couverture d'immeubles. Nos résultats appuient non seulement l'hypothèse voulant que l'urbanisation ait une incidence sur le nombre potentiel de fonctions écosystémiques, mais également la notion voulant que cette relation puisse changer dans le temps. Étant donné l'accélération de l'urbanisation à l'échelle planétaire, une approche qui integre diverses facettes de la biodiversité est recommandée dans l'étude des réactions des communautés d'oiseaux en milieu urbain. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : communauté d'oiseaux, uniformité fonctionnelle, divergence fonctionnelle, redondance fonctionnelle, richesse fonctionnelle, caractères fonctionnels., Introduction Urbanization has become one of the most severe threats to biodiversity worldwide, as it negatively impacts on ecosystem functions and processes (Vitousek et al. 1997; Alberti 2005; Aronson et [...]

Published
2018
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23. Local bird traits match fruit traits of two alien plants in urban fruit-frugivore interactions.

Author

PALACIO, FACUNDO X. and MONTALTI, DIEGO

Subjects
*INTRODUCED plants, *MUTUALISM, *FORAGE plants, *PLANT species, *FRUIT seeds, *INVASIVE plants, *URBAN plants, *SEED dispersal
Abstract

Bird-mediated seed dispersal enhances invasions of many alien plant species. Typically, this mutualism is composed of a generalist assemblage of frugivorous birds in which morphological trait matching between bird and plant species is often thought to be poor due to low reciprocal adaptation. Despite this long- held notion, trait matching between local birds and alien plants has not been investigated. Here, we assessed trait matching by comparing functional traits in multidimensional space for local birds (bill, wing and tarsus size) and two alien invasive plants (fruit and seed size, fruit and seed shape) in an urban area. To do this, we measured bird functional traits in museum specimens and plant functional traits in individuals located in the study area. We found significant trait matching between birds and alien invasive plants (i.e., frugivorous birds interacted with morphologically corresponding invasive plant species). In addition, we detected a positive correlation between morphological and functional specialization of bird species so that extreme morphologies played specialized functional roles. Contrary to the idea that alien plant mutualisms are mediated by generalized seed dispersers without a close match between bird and alien plant traits, our results indicate that species with different morphologies forage on distinct plant species. These findings highlight the importance of studying the functional role of local birds in mutualistic interactions with alien invasive plants, and how these functional roles may promote invasion processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. On the adequacy of fruit removal as a proxy for fitness in studies of bird‐mediated phenotypic selection.

Author

Palacio, Facundo X., Cataudela, Juan Francisco, Montalti, Diego, and Ordano, Mariano

Subjects
FRUIT, FRUIT seeds, BIOLOGICAL fitness, PASSIFLORA, PHENOTYPES
Abstract

Premise: In fleshy‐fruited plants, fruit removal is widely used as a proxy for plant reproductive success. Nevertheless, this proxy may not accurately reflect the number of seeds dispersed, an assumed better proxy for total fitness (fruit removal × mean number of seeds dispersed per fruit). Methods: We examined under what circumstances fruit removal can be reliable as a proxy for total fitness when assessing bird‐mediated selection on fruit traits. In three populations of the Blue Passionflower (Passiflora caerulea), we used the number of fruits pecked per plant as a surrogate for fruit removal to estimate phenotypic selection on fruit and seed traits, and simulations of the effect of the fruit‐seed number trade‐off on the number of fruits removed. Results: Fruit removal was a good indicator of fitness, accounting for 55 to 68% of the variability in total fitness, measured as total number of seeds removed. Moreover, multivariate selection analyses on fruit crop size, mean fruit diameter and mean seed number using fruit removal as a fitness proxy yielded similar selection regimes to those using total fitness. Simulations showed that producing more fruits, a lower number of seeds per fruit, and a higher variability in seed number can result in a negative relationship between fruit removal and total fitness. Conclusions: Our results suggest that fruit removal can be reliably used as a proxy for total fitness when (1) there is a weak fruit number‐seed number trade‐off, (2) fruit crop size and fruit removal correlate positively, and (3) seed number variability does not largely exceed fruit number variability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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37. Comparative morphology and histochemistry of the uropygial gland of the endangered and endemic Hooded Grebe (Podiceps gallardoi, Podicipediformes).

Author

Chiale, María Cecilia, Carril, Julieta, Montalti, Diego, and Barbeito, Claudio Gustavo

Subjects
COMPARATIVE anatomy, GREBES, GLANDS, HISTOCHEMISTRY, CONNECTIVE tissues, FEATHERS
Abstract

The Hooded Grebe is an endangered and endemic species of Podicipediformes of Argentina. Many aspects of this bird's biology are still unknown including the uropygial gland. This is the first morphological and histochemical description of the uropygial gland for this species in a comparative context. The uropygial gland of these birds had parallel arranged lobes with a kidney‐like shape, a conical papilla and a feather tuft in a sub‐terminal position. The lobes were composed of tubular adenomers with a straight course that lead to secondary chambers. The capsule and connective tissue around the adenomers had elastic fibres. It showed a positive reaction to AlcianBlue/Periodic Acid Schiff and several lectins indicating the presence of glycoconjugates. The uropygial gland of the Hooded Grebe shares morphological characteristics with other aquatic species (e.g. secondary chambers) and the presence of glycoconjugates might suggest protective functions against microbes as previously proposed. The sub‐terminal position of the feather tuft is a unique characteristic of this species indicating that this position leaves the tuft in a dorsal location and could be involved in parent‐chick recognition mediated by odour transmission. Further studies are needed to increase our knowledge on some behavioural aspects of this species related to the biochemical composition of the uropygial secretion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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40. Morphometric differences between sexes of two subspecies of black-crowned night heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) using discriminant analysis

Author

Piro, Alejandra, Fuchs, Daniela Viviana, and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
Ciencias Biológicas, BLACK-CROWNED NIGHT-HERON, Zoología, Ornitología, Entomología, Etología, DISCRIMINANT FUNCTION ANALYSIS, MORPHOMETRICS, ARDEIDAE, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

The objective of this study was to develop tools for distinguishing between sexes of the two Blackcrowned Night-Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) subspecies (N. n. obscurus and N. n. hoactli) using discriminant function analysis. Significant differences were found in length of the culmen, length of the bill from the gape, and length of the wing chord between the sexes of each subspecies, with males being larger than females. The resulting discriminant functions were able to differentiate between the sexes of each studied subspecies and between subspecies after determining the sex of the individuals (with a correct classification of 77.8% for females and 97.8% for males). In females, all morphometrics were greater for N. n. obscurus than N. n. hoactli; this was also the case for males, except for bill width, which was greater in N. n. hoactli. Wing chord length was the most useful measurement for constructing the discriminant functions. External morphometrics are a valuable tool not only for discriminating between N. n. hoactli and N. n. obscurus but also for sexing these subspecies. Fil: Piro, Alejandra. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; Argentina Fil: Fuchs, Daniela Viviana. Provincia de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Universidad Autónoma de Entre Ríos. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Santa Fe. Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Transferencia de Tecnología a la Producción; Argentina Fil: Montalti, Diego. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - La Plata; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de La Plata. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. División Zoología de Vertebrados. Sección Ornitología; Argentina

Published
2018

41. La segunda vida de un pingüino emperador

Author

Sardi, Marina Laura and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
Historia y Arqueología, HUMANIDADES, Exhibición, purl.org/becyt/ford/6 [https], Museos, Ciencias Naturales, Zoología, purl.org/becyt/ford/6.1 [https], Taxidermia, Patrimonio, Historia
Abstract

La exhibición de un animal en un museo es el resultado de una trayectoria cargada de procedimientos propios de la cultura científica, de las relaciones entre instituciones y de los modos en que nuestra sociedad lo representa., Fundación Museo La Plata

Published
2017

42. The tropical fowl mite Ornithonyssus bursa (Acari: Mesostigmata: Macronyssidae) parasitizing the European starling Sturnus vulgaris (Aves: Passeriformes: Sturnidae), an invasive bird in central Argentina: an approach to the bacterial fauna of this mite

Author

Lareschi, Marcela, Cicuttin, Gabriel L., De Salvo, María Nazarena, Ibáñez, Lucía Mariel, and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
Mites, animal structures, Macronyssidae, integumentary system, Bacteria, parasitic diseases, Argentina, Zoología, Passeriformes, Bacterias, Wolbachia, respiratory tract diseases, Ácaros
Abstract

The tropical fowl mite (Ornithonyssus bursa) is a common parasite of domestic and wild birds in tropical and subtropical regions. This mite can cause irritation, severe dermatitis and anemia. The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is an invasive bird in Argentina. Both O. bursa and S. vulgaris have high reproductive rates with implications for public health. The goals of our study were to report the occurrence of this mite parasitizing the starlings, and test for the presence of bacteria that could be potentially associated with the mites. The study was conducted in Estación de Cría de Animales Silvestres (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Mites were collected from starlings and stored in 96% ethanol, and prepare for their identification under an optic microscope. Molecular studies were conducted in order to examine the presence of bacteria. All mites were identified as O. bursa. We detected for the first time Wolbachia sp., associated with the genus Ornithonyssus. In contrast, mites were negative for species of Rickettsia, Bartonella and Borrelia. In addition to the damage that the starlings produce as an invasive species in central Argentina, herein we report the association of these birds with O. bursa, favoring the dispersal of the mites and their colonization to other birds., Ornithonyssus bursa es un parásito común en aves domésticas y silvestres de regiones tropicales y subtropicales que puede causar irritación, dermatitis severa y anemia. El estornino pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) es un ave invasora en Argentina. Tanto O. bursa como S. vulgaris tienen altas tasas de reproducción con implicaciones en salud pública. Los objetivos del estudio fueron reportar la presencia de este ácaro parasitando a los estorninos y comprobar la potencial asociación de bacterias a los ácaros. El estudio se realizó en la Estación de Cría de Animales Silvestres (Buenos Aires, Argentina). Los ácaros se obtuvieron de estorninos, se almacenaron en etanol 96% y se prepararon para su identificación al microscopio óptico. Se realizaron estudios moleculares con el fin de examinar la presencia de bacterias. Todos los ácaros se identificaron como O. bursa. Se detectó por primera vez la presencia de Wolbachia sp. asociada con el género Ornithonyssus. En contraste, los resultados fueron negativos para las especies de Rickettsia, Bartonella y Borrelia. Además del dano˜ que producen los estorninos como una especie invasora en el centro de Argentina, se presenta la asociación de estas aves con O. bursa, lo que favorece la dispersión de los ácaros y su colonización hacia otras aves., Centro de Estudios Parasitológicos y de Vectores, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Published
2017

43. Interactions between the European starling, Sturnus vulgaris, and native birds of Argentina for cavity use

Author

Ibáñez, Lucía Mariel, Girini, Juan Manuel, Palacio, Facundo X., Fiorini, Vanina Dafne, and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
Comportamiento de Nidificación, Ciencias Naturales, cavidades en árboles, competencia, Especies Introducidas, Aves
Abstract

El estornino pinto, Sturnus vulgaris, es un ave introducida en Argentina que nidifica en cavidades y puede desplazar a otras aves de sus nidos. Durante las temporadas reproductivas 2010 y 2011 observamos en el parque Pereyra Iraola 3 intentos de usurpación de nidos de aves nativas, hornero (Furnarius rufus), carpintero real (Colaptes melanochloros) y carpintero campestre (C. campestris). Además, en 2 ocasiones se observaron estorninos nidificando en cavidades que estaban construyendo carpinteros en días previos. Se observó también que el estornino pinto utiliza cavidades de chiripepé cabeza verde (Pyrrhura frontalis), calancate ala roja (Psittacara leucophtalmus) —especies traslocadas—, alilicucú común (Megascops choliba) y carpintero campestre —especies nativas —. Estas observaciones alertan sobre la posibilidad de competencia por el uso de este recurso entre el estornino pinto y aves nativas que nidifican en cavidades en Argentina., The European Starling, Sturnus vulgaris, is a hole-nesting bird introduced in Argentina that can displace other species from their nests. We recorded 3 attempts of nest usurpation of native birds, Rufous Hornero (Furnarius rufus), Golden-breasted Woodpecker (Colaptes melanochloros) and Field Flicker Woodpecker (C. campestris) during 2010 and 2011 breeding seasons in Pereyra Iraola Park. Additionally, we observed 2 pairs of starlings breeding in cavities that woodpeckers were building in the previous days. Starlings also used cavities of the Reddish-bellied Parakeet (Pyrrhura frontalis), the White-eyed Parakeet Psittacara leucophtalmus —traslocated species—, the Tropical Screech-owl (Megascops choliba) and the Field Flicker Woodpecker —native species—. These observations warn about the chance of competition for the use of this resource between the European starling and native hole-nesting birds of Argentina., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Published
2017

44. Presence of predatory nematode (Nematoda, Mononchidae) in a Wilson's storm petrel nest, Oceanites oceanicus (Ave, Procellariiformes, Hydrobatidae), in Southern Shetland Islands, Antarctica

Author

Camino, Nora Beatriz, Archuby, Diego Ignacio, Montalti, Diego, and González, Sandra Elizabeth

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Wilson's storm petrel nest, Petrel, Mononchida, Antártida, Ciencias Naturales, Antarctica, Antartida, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Nematodos, Nematode
Abstract

The discovery of a mononchid nematode in the Argentinean Antarctic turns out to be a first citation of this predatory nematode in a Wilson's storm petrel nest. In that nest there were dead young petrels that we deduced full of bacteria, the bacteriophage nematodes went to the nest to feed in the cadavers and were followed by their predatory nematodes. We found a free soil predatory nematode Coomansus jairajpuri (Nematoda, Mononchida) in a Wilson's storm petrel nest, Oceanites oceanicus (Ave, Procellariiformes, Hydrobatidae), in Southern Shetland Islands, Antarctica. Working on reproductive biology of this bird and during the analysis of the material used for the construction of the nest, we observed, on January of 2011, the presence of specimens of free living nematodes. The nematode specimens were fixed in 4 parts 40% formalin and then put in TAF pure. We can diagnose our species that differed from the others by having the dorsal tooth apex at 75% of buccal cavity length from its base and has 14 supplements, most of them mammiliform and few are low mounds. We are waiting for a new campaign to the Argentinean antarctic to find more nematodes to identify the species; we need more number of specimens to describe this species as we suspect it is a new one., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Published
2017

45. Primer registro de daño a cultivo de frutales por el estornino pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) [Passeriformes: Sturnidae] en Argentina

Author

Ibañez, Lucía Mariel, Andreucci, Fabricio, and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
Especie invasora, Introduced bird, Invasive species, Ave introducida, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Crops, Cultivos, Blueberries, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], CULTIVOS, Ciencias Biológicas, ARÁNDANOS, ESPECIE INVASORA, Zoología, Arándanos, AVE INTRODUCIDA, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

El estornino pinto (Sturnus vulgaris) es un ave exótica invasora que se registró por primera vez en Argentina en 1987 y actualmente se encuentra en expansión en el país. En noviembre de 2014, se observaron en un campo en la localidad de City Bell (La Plata, provincia de Buenos Aires) estorninos consumiendo arándanos en parejas y grupos pequeños. En diciembre de ese año, una bandada de entre 80 y 100 estorninos consumió el 75% de la etapa final de la producción de arándanos. Estas observaciones constituyen el primer registro de daño a un cultivo de frutales por parte del estornino pinto en Argentina., The European starling (Sturnus vulgaris) is an exotic invasive bird that was first record in Argentina in 1987 and nowadays it is expanding in the country. In November 2014 we observed pairs and small flocks of starlings eating blueberries for first time in a field placed in the locality of City Bell (La Plata, Buenos Aires province). In December of this year a flock between 80 and 100 starlings consumed the 75% of the last stage of blueberries production. It is the first record of damage to a fruit crop by the starling in Argentina., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Published
2016

48. Do morphometric measurements allow sex discrimination in Mockingbirds (Mimus sp)?

Author

Fuchs, Daniela Viviana and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Ciencias Biológicas, Southern South America, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Mockingbirds, Mimidae, Zoología, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Morphometrics, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS, Dimorphism
Abstract

Sexual dimorphism in birds may be expressed as differences in body size, plumage, color and/or behavior. Many species are monomorphic in color, making sex determination difficult in the field. An example of the latter are mockingbirds, which are passerines of the genus Mimus, endemic to the Americas. In order to distinguish between male and female mockingbirds using external body measurements that are easy to take, the objective of this work was to quantify morphometric differences between sexes in adults of the following species: M. thenca (45 specimens), M. patagonicus (95), M. saturninus (88), M. triurus (152), and M. dorsalis (7). We measured the following variables: culmen length, bill height and width, tarsus length, middle toe length, wing chord and tail length. Measurements were generally larger in males than in females except for bill width in M. saturninus and M. triurus, culmen length in M. thenca and M. dorsalis, and bill height in M. dorsalis. There were significant differences between sexes in wing chord for M. patagonicus, M. saturninus and M. triurus; tail length for M. patagonicus and M. triurus; tarsus length for M. patagonicus; and in middle toe length for M. triurus. No significant differences in measurements were found between sexes for M. thenca. Significant discriminant functions were obtained for M. patagonicus, M. saturninus and M. triurus, with a percentage of correct classification less than 80%. Only a few variables were useful for sex determination in the studied Mimus species, i.e. wing chord, tail length, middle toe length and tarsus length for three, two, one and one species, respectively., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Published
2016

49. Nuevos registros de Lechuza Bataraz Austral Strix rufipes en ambientes no-boscosos del norte de la Patagonia andina

Author

Girini, Juan Manuel, Trejo, Ana Raquel, and Montalti, Diego

Subjects
ARGENTINA, Otras Ciencias Biológicas, Argentina, LECHUZA, purl.org/becyt/ford/1 [https], Ciencias Biológicas, Ciencias Naturales, Zoología, purl.org/becyt/ford/1.6 [https], Lechuza, AVES, PATAGONIA ANDINA, Aves, Patagonia andina, CIENCIAS NATURALES Y EXACTAS
Abstract

La Lechuza Bataraz Austral Strix rufipes se encuentra restringida a los bosques de la Patagonia andina en el sur de Argentina y Chile. En Argentina, se distribuye aproximadamente entre los 39°S y 55°S, desde el noroeste de la provincia de Neuquén hasta el sur de Tierra del Fuego. Es considerada una rapaz especialista de bosque, ya que dependería estrictamente de este tipo de hábitat para nidificar, y ha sido escasamente observada cerca de ambientes altamente modificados por el hombre, como las áreas urbanas. En el presente trabajo se comunican tres registros de S. rufipes durante la época no reproductiva en ciudades y ambientes de ecotono y estepa en el norte de la Patagonia andina. Además de documentar la presencia de la especie en ambientes no-boscosos y áreas urbanas, estos registros apoyan las sugerencias de movimientos locales y dispersivos en la especie, que hasta ahora han sido poco estudiados., Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo

Published
2016

50. Arpías

Author

Montalti, Diego

Subjects
Arpías, Literatura fantástica, Jorge Luis Borges, BIOGRAFIAS, Mitos
Abstract

Fil: Montalti, Diego. División Zoología Vertebrados. Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo. Universidad Nacional de La Plata; Argentina

Published
2016

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