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A soja para a alimentação humana apresenta alta variabilidade genética em relação às características nutricionais. Os genótipos podem ser cruzados para a obtenção de linhagens puras adaptadas para uma região, com alta produtividade e qualidade nutricional. Na análise multivariada, as múltiplas informações de um experimento são combinadas com base em um complexo de variáveis, para selecionar os melhores parentais com alta divergência. Cento e quatro genótipos foram analisados para doze caracteres de importância agronômica para selecionar parentais de soja tipo alimento, usando-se a análise multivariada com base na distância generalizada de Mahalanobis ( D2 ) e no método de agrupamento de Tocher. Pela aglomeração, foram formados sete grupos. O caráter que mais contribuiu para esta classificação foi altura da planta no florescimento (19,50%) e altura da planta na maturidade (22,35%). Cinqüenta e cinco cruzamentos foram recomendados entre os genótipos com alta produtividade e alta divergência genética. Onze genótipos foram selecionados do grupo I para serem cruzados com cinco genótipos do grupo III. Soybean for human consumption shows high genetic variability in relation to nutritional traits. Genotypes can be crossed to obtain inbreed lines adapted for a region, with high yield and nutritional qualities. In the multivariate analysis, the multiple information of an experiment are combined, based on a complex of variables, to select the best parents with high divergence. One hundred and four genotypes were analyzed for 12 characters of agronomic importance to select food type soybean parents, using the multivariate analysis based on Mahalanobis generalized distance (D2) and on Tocher’s classification method. Seven groups were formed trough clustering. The traits that most contributed to this classification were plant height at flowering (19.50%) and plant height at maturity (22.35%). Fifty-five crosses were recommended among genotypes with high genetic divergence and high yield. Eleven genotypes were selected from cluster I to be crossed with five genotypes from cluster III.

El cultivo de la berenjena en el departamento de Córdoba (Colombia) tiene lugar en medio de varias limitaciones tecnológicas; una de ellas es la carencia de semilla de buena calidad, lo cual reduce la competitividad de los agricultores. Esta investigación evaluó la germinación y el vigor de la semilla de berenjena en función del tipo de empaque y las condiciones de almacenamiento. El período en el que las semillas permanecen viables es extremadamente variable y, aunque está determinado genéticamente, los factores ambientales y las condiciones de almacenamiento tienen un efecto decisivo en la duración de la vida de una semilla. Fueron utilizadas semillas de berenjena (Solanum melongena L., cv. Criollo) en las que se determinó contenido de humedad, germinación y vigor por un período de 11 meses. El diseño experimental fue de Bloques Completos al Azar con cuatro tratamientos (refrigerador a 5,5°C y 70% HR con empaques en recipiente plástico o bolsa de aluminio y condiciones naturales a 27,0°C y 86,58% HR con empaques en bolsa de papel o recipiente de vidrio) con seis repeticiones y 100 semillas en cada unidad experimental. Los resultados indican que las semillas almacenadas en refrigerador, independientemente del tipo de empaque, conservaron una mejor calidad fisiológica; por su parte, en condiciones no controladas, el deterioro es mucho más rápido por la permeabilidad del empaque a las oscilaciones ambientales. The eggplant in the department of Cordoba (Colombia) is produced with technological limitations, between which is poor seed quality reducing the competitiveness of the agriculturists. The objective of the research was to evaluate germination and vigor of eggplant seeds based on the type of packing and conditions of storage. The period that seeds remained viable was extremely variable and, although controlled genetically, the environmental factors and storage had a decisive effect on the duration of seed storage. Seeds of eggplant (Solanum melongena L., cv. Criollo) were used for the determinations of water content, germination, and vigor by a period of 11 months. The experimental design was complete blocks at random with four treatments (refrigerator at 5.5 °C and 70% RH with packing in plastic container or aluminum bag and natural conditions with packing in stock market of 27.0° C and 86.58% RH paper bag or glass container), six replicates and 100 seeds in each experimental unit. The results indicated that seeds stored in refrigerator, independently of the type of packing, conserved better physiological quality, whereas in uncontrolled environments, the deterioration were much faster due to permeability of the packing to the environmental oscillations.

El cultivo de la berenjena en el departamento de Córdoba (Colombia) tiene lugar en medio de varias limitaciones tecnológicas, una de ellas es la carencia de semilla de buena calidad, lo cual reduce la competitividad de los agricultores. Esta investigación evaluó la germinación y el vigor de la semilla de berenjena en función del tipo de empaque y las condiciones de almacenamiento. El período en el que las semillas permanecen viables es extremadamente variable y, aunque está determinado genéticamente, los factores ambientales y las condiciones de almacenamiento tienen un efecto decisivo en la duración de la vida de una semilla. Fueron utilizadas semillas de berenjena (Solanum melongena L., cv. Criollo) en las que se determinó contenido de humedad, germinación y vigor por un período de 11 meses. El diseño experimental fue de Bloques Completos al Azar con cuatro tratamientos (refrigerador a 5,5°C y 70 por ciento HR con empaques en recipiente plástico o bolsa de aluminio y condiciones naturales a 27,0°C y 86,58 por ciento HR con empaques en bolsa de papel o recipiente de vidrio) con seis repeticiones y 100 semillas en cada unidad experimental. Los resultados indican que las semillas almacenadas en refrigerador, independientemente del tipo de empaque, conservaron una mejor calidad fisiológica, por su parte, en condiciones no controladas, el deterioro es mucho más rápido por la permeabilidad del empaque a las oscilaciones ambientales Berenjena-Solanum melongena

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an autogamous species that shows natural crossing rates of up to 3%, where the variations are influenced by genotypes and environments. The present work aimed to evaluate the rates and distances of natural crossing between the upland rice cultivars Guarani and IAC 201. The study was done in the counties of Carpina and Recife, in the State of Pernambuco during the agricultural years of 2001 and 2002, respectively. The Guarani cultivar presents leaf pilosity conditioned by the dominant alleles HLHL and this character was used as a morphologic tracer. On the other hand, the IAC 201 cultivar does not show pilosity because it carries the recessive alleles (hlhl). The experiments were composed of four blocks, constituting of ten circunscribed rows of the cultivar under study, spaced 50 cm between themselves, and in the center of each block the Guarani cultivar was planted. The natural crossing rate and distance were evaluated in the plants resulting from the seeds of the IAC 201 cultivar from natural crossing, expressing pilosity in the leaves. After the evaluation of the plants arising from the first two rows of the experiment carried out in Carpina and the first three rows of the experiment done in Recife, it was concluded that in the first row (0.5 m) there were plants resulting from natural crossing. At this distance, the average crossing rate in Carpina was 0.30% while that in Recife was 0.35%. O arroz (Oryza sativa L.) é uma espécie autógama com taxa de cruzamento natural de até 3%, sendo as variações influenciadas pelos genótipos e ambientes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a taxa e a distância de cruzamento natural entre as cultivares de arroz-de-sequeiro Guarani e IAC 201. O estudo foi desenvolvido nos municípios de Carpina e do Recife, no Estado de Pernambuco nos anos agrícolas de 2001 e de 2002 respectivamente. Na cultivar Guarani observa-se pilosidade nas folhas condicionada por alelos dominantes HLHL e essa característica foi utilizada como marcador morfológico. Já na cultivar IAC 201 não, por ser portadora dos alelos recessivos (hlhl). Os experimentos foram compostos por quatro blocos, constituídos de dez linhas circunscritas da cultivar em estudo, espaçados a 50 cm entre si, e no centro de cada bloco plantou-se a cultivar Guarani. A taxa e a distância de cruzamento natural foram avaliadas nas plantas provenientes das sementes da cultivar IAC 201, oriundas do cruzamento natural, expressando pilosidade nas folhas. Após a avaliação das plantas referentes às duas primeiras linhas do experimento desenvolvido em Carpina e das três primeiras linhas do experimento de Recife, constatou-se que apenas na primeira linha (0,5 m) houve plantas resultantes de cruzamento natural. Nessa distância, verificou-se que a taxa média de cruzamento natural de 0,30% em Carpina e de 0,35% no Recife.

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an autogamous species that shows natural crossing rates of up to 3%, where the variations are influenced by genotypes and environments. The present work aimed to evaluate the rates and distances of natural crossing between the upland rice cultivars Guarani and IAC 201. The study was done in the counties of Carpina and Recife, in the State of Pernambuco during the agricultural years of 2001 and 2002, respectively. The Guarani cultivar presents leaf pilosity conditioned by the dominant alleles HLHL and this character was used as a morphologic tracer. On the other hand, the IAC 201 cultivar does not show pilosity because it carries the recessive alleles (hlhl). The experiments were composed of four blocks, constituting of ten circunscribed rows of the cultivar under study, spaced 50 cm between themselves, and in the center of each block the Guarani cultivar was planted. The natural crossing rate and distance were evaluated in the plants resulting from the seeds of the IAC 201 cultivar from natural crossing, expressing pilosity in the leaves. After the evaluation of the plants arising from the first two rows of the experiment carried out in Carpina and the first three rows of the experiment done in Recife, it was concluded that in the first row (0.5 m) there were plants resulting from natural crossing. At this distance, the average crossing rate in Carpina was 0.30% while that in Recife was 0.35%.