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The objective of this study was to compare the quantitative radiomics data between malignant mixed Müllerian tumors (MMMTs) and endometrial carcinoma (EC) and identify texture features associated with overall survival (OS). This study included 61 patients (36 with EC and 25 with MMMTs) and analyzed various radiomic features and gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) features. These variables and patient clinicopathologic characteristics were compared between EC and MMMTs using the Wilcoxon Rank sum and Fisher's exact test. The area under the curve of the receiving operating characteristics (AUC ROC) was calculated for univariate analysis in predicting EC status. Logistic regression with elastic net regularization was performed for texture feature selection. This study showed that skewness ( p = 0.045) and tumor volume ( p = 0.007) significantly differed between EC and MMMTs. The range of cluster shade, the angular variance of cluster shade, and the range of the sum of squares variance were significant predictors of EC status ( p ≤ 0.05). The regularized Cox regression analysis identified the "256 Angular Variance of Energy" texture feature as significantly associated with OS independently of the EC/MMMT grouping ( p = 0.004). The volume and texture features of the tumor region may help distinguish between EC and MMMTs and predict patient outcomes.

Takayasu arteritis is characterized by blood vessel inflammation involving the aorta and its branches. We describe a patient with Takayasu arteritis with severe multivessel involvement and classic physical examination findings but virtually no symptoms because of the presence of extensive collateral circulation seen on computed tomography angiography and magnetic resonance angiography imaging., Competing Interests: The authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose., (© 2024 The Authors.)

The retroperitoneum, a complex anatomical space within the abdominopelvic region, encompasses various vital abdominal organs. It is compartmentalized by fascial planes and contains potential spaces critical in multiple disease processes, including inflammatory effusions, hematomas, and neoplastic conditions. A comprehensive understanding of the retroperitoneum and its potential spaces is essential for radiologists in identifying and accurately describing the extent of abdominopelvic disease. This pictorial review aims to describe the anatomy of the retroperitoneum while discussing commonly encountered pathologies within this region. Through a collection of illustrative images, this review will provide radiologists with valuable insights into the retroperitoneum, facilitating their diagnostic proficiency to aid in appropriate patient clinical management., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (© 2023 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Journal of Clinical Imaging Science.)

Molecular imaging plays a vital role in the management of neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs). Somatostatin receptor (SSTR) PET is critical for evaluating NENs, ascertaining peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) eligibility, and treatment response. SSTR-PET/MRI can provide a one-stop-shop multiparametric evaluation of NENs. The acquisition of complementary imaging information in PET/MRI has distinct advantages over PET/CT and MR imaging acquisitions. The purpose of this manuscript is to provide a comprehensive overview of PET/MRI and a current review of recent PET/MRI advances in the diagnosis, staging, treatment, and surveillance of NENs., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

The peritoneum is a large serosal membrane enveloping the abdomen and pelvic organs and forming the peritoneal cavity. This complex relationship forms many named abdominopelvic spaces, which are frequently involved in infectious, inflammatory, neoplastic, and traumatic pathologies. The knowledge of this anatomy is essential to the radiologist to localize and describe the extent of the disease accurately. This manuscript provides a comprehensive pictorial review of the peritoneal anatomy to describe pathologic fluid and gas., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (© 2023 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Journal of Clinical Imaging Science.)

Abstract: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NC) is an epithelial tumor with distinctive prevalence in East and Southeast Asia. Most patients with NC only experience regional metastasis. In cases of distant metastasis, prognosis is grim. Leptomeningeal spread of the disease is a rare occurrence, which is sparsely described in the literature. We present a case of a 33-year-old man with a history of high-grade NC with leptomeningeal metastasis. Initial MRI lumbar spine demonstrated subtle findings consistent with leptomeningeal disease. These findings are easily discernible on 18 F-FDG PET/CT., Competing Interests: Conflicts of interest and sources of funding: none declared., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc.)

Myoepithelioma-like hyalinizing epithelioid tumors are rare neoplasms that share morphological characteristics of myoepitheliomas but lack traditional immunophenotypic findings. Though little is known about these tumors at present, a handful of recent studies have confirmed that they harbor a novel fusion gene known as "OGT-FOXO." Though closely resembling myoeptheliomas, Myoepithelioma-like hyalinizing epithelioid tumors are considered a distinct tumor entity, and few studies have explored their clinical characteristics or their potential for malignancy. Furthermore, literature describing imaging findings of these tumors is virtually non-existent. Understanding the radiological and pathological differences between Myoepithelioma-like hyalinizing epithelioid tumors and myoepitheliomas is helpful in developing a comprehensive differential for soft tissue neoplasms of the foot. We describe a case of MHET of the foot and correlate MRI findings with pathology in addition to describing surgical technique and implications to care., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

The assessment of acute abdominal and pelvic emergencies typically involves a multimodal approach consisting of plain radiographs, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and rarely magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although MRI is not traditionally employed in acute care settings, there are several instances in which MRI provides superior functional and prognostic information. In this manuscript, we highlight multimodal findings of adrenal gland emergencies: Hemorrhage, infarction, and infection. The purpose of our study is to highlight significant findings in various modalities, including CT, MRI, ultrasound, and PET/CT. Due to the scarcity of published data and limited clinical use, primary ultrasound findings are limited in our multimodal review. In conclusion, we find that synergistic use of CT, MRI, and functional imaging provides an effective tool for evaluation and management of adrenal pathology., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (© 2022 Published by Scientific Scholar on behalf of Journal of Clinical Imaging Science.)

Thyroid cancer is a type of malignancy that is considered to have a low morbidity and an indolent disease course in most patients. Though some of its pathologic variants such as anaplastic carcinoma may present with advanced disease staging, it is important to consider the possibility of metastasis to thyroid which may present like a thyroid primary. Solid organ carcinomas form the bulk of the uncommon metastasis to the thyroid, though sarcomas from various organs also rarely exhibit this activity. Literature demonstrating sound diagnostic criteria for these occurrences is sparse. We present a case of uterine sarcoma with distant metastasis to the thyroid gland that initially presented as hypercapnic respiratory failure. Only an inpatient episode of uterine bleeding prompted our team to explore the potential of a metastatic process. Our diagnosis was made utilizing a multidisciplinary approach that we feel is important for clinicians dealing with metastatic disease to the thyroid. In addition to sound physical exam, and use of appropriate imaging modality, we feel it is essential to utilize a detailed cytohistologic specimen evaluation, immunohistochemistry, and genetic sequencing to effectively work up such patients. Although our patient did not survive her hospital stay, we hope this paper brings greater awareness of this malignancy and acts as a benchmark for diagnosing such an unusual remote primary., Competing Interests: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2022 by S. Karger AG, Basel.)

Jejunal adenocarcinoma (JA) is both a rare type of gastrointestinal malignancy and an uncommon cause of small bowel obstruction (SBO). It typically presents with vague symptoms, such as abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and, in some cases, weight loss. Due to this vague presentation as well as lack of definitive imaging techniques, diagnosis tends to be delayed and patients typically present at later stages. We present a case of a patient who presented with acute onset abdominal pain. Imaging revealed the presence of an SBO with the presence of a suspicious small bowel stricture. He eventually underwent upper endoscopy to find the mass, with subsequent biopsy indicating JA. We hope to bring greater awareness to jejunal carcinoma as a potent cause of SBO in adults., Competing Interests: The authors have declared financial relationships, which are detailed in the next section., (Copyright © 2022, Patel et al.)

Post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) accounts for 5% of all epilepsies and 10-20% of the acquired forms. The latency between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and epilepsy onset in high-risk patients offers a therapeutic window for intervention to prevent or improve the disease course. However, progress towards effective treatments has been hampered by the lack of sensitive prognostic biomarkers of PTE, and of therapeutic targets. There is therefore a pressing clinical need for preclinical PTE models suitable for biomarker discovery and drug testing. We characterized in-depth a model of severe TBI induced by controlled cortical impact evolving into PTE in CD1 adult male mice. To identify sensitive measures predictive of PTE development and severity, TBI mice were longitudinally monitored by video-electrocorticography (ECoG), examined by MRI, and tested for sensorimotor and cognitive deficits and locomotor activity. At the end of the video-ECoG recording mice were killed for brain histological analysis. PTE occurred in 58% of mice with frequent motor seizures (one seizure every other day), as determined up to 5 months post-TBI. The weight loss of PTE mice in 1 week after TBI correlated with the number of spontaneous seizures at 5 months. Moreover, the recovery rate of the sensorimotor deficit detected by the SNAP test before the predicted time of epilepsy onset was significantly lower in PTE mice than in those without epilepsy. Neuroscore, beam walk and cognitive deficit were similar in all TBI mice. The increase in the contusion volume, the volume of forebrain regions contralateral to the lesioned hemisphere and white matter changes over time assessed by MRI were similar in PTE and no-PTE mice. However, brain histology showed a more pronounced neuronal cell loss in the cortex and hippocampus contralateral to the injured hemisphere in PTE than in no-PTE mice. The extensive functional and neuropathological characterization of this TBI model, provides a tool to identify sensitive measures of epilepsy development and severity clinically useful for increasing PTE prediction in high-risk TBI patients. The high PTE incidence and spontaneous seizures frequency in mice provide an ideal model for biomarker discovery and for testing new drugs.

With the advent of state-of-the-art imaging modalities, increasing population age, and advanced preventive medical treatments, medical device design attempts to keep up with procedural demand. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a recognized, potentially fatal disease process where strides have been made in screening, detection, and treatment since its discovery. With the introduction of percutaneous endograft procedures in 1991, open surgical treatment is nearly a lost art. Endovascular aortic repair is now the gold standard. However, short landing zone necks, hostile angulation, and markedly dilated seal zones present challenges for one size fits all endovascular aortic devices. Suprarenal and juxtarenal fenestrated aortic grafts are the most advanced individually customized grafts invented to date. Subsequently, proper placement of these complex devices still presents challenges. We present a method for preoperative renal stent placement for target purposes. This article includes a pictorial guide and describes the tips and pitfalls for easy proper AAA exclusion with a fenestrated aortic graft. We were successful in the deployment of the fenestrated graft device and the exclusion of an aortic aneurysm while preserving the patency of the renal arteries. The patient had no postoperative complications. During 18-month postoperative surveillance, imaging demonstrated proper graft positioning without evidence of an endoleak. In fenestrated endovascular aortic repair, preoperative renal stenting is paramount for targeting purposes. This allows for the precise and timely deployment of the renal limbs through the fenestrations while minimizing the risk of postoperative complications, including renal artery occlusion., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Montanarella et al.)

Ventricular noncompaction, also previously known as spongy myocardium, is an inherited primary genetic cardiomyopathy. Noncompaction of the left ventricle is seen in the general population typically in the setting of other congenital heart defects and can be a cause of significant morbidity and mortality. Right ventricular noncompaction is a rare form of cardiomyopathy with no definitive diagnostic criteria. Diagnosis of noncompaction of the right ventricle can be concluded using guidance from the diagnostic criteria for left ventricular noncompaction with multi-modality imaging., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Montanarella et al.)

Chronic exertional compartment syndrome is a subset of compartment syndrome that most frequently affects the lower extremities, often in athletic persons. It is most often characterized by calf pain shortly after the initiation of exercise and resolution of the pain soon after rest. While the pathophysiology is not completely understood, it is believed that compartment a lack of fascial compliance and increased compartment fluid leads to increased pressure, ultimately leading to a reversible ischemic state. Chronic exertional compartment syndrome was once considered a diagnosis of exclusion; however, needle manometry is an invasive way to measure intracompartmental pressure. Similarly, fasciotomy is the treatment of choice but is not without complications. We describe a case of chronic exertional compartment syndrome diagnosed by two-stage MRI and successfully treated by endoscopically-assisted fasciotomy., (© 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of University of Washington.)

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignancy of the liver and a leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. HCC commonly results from longstanding liver cirrhosis, which presents a host of complications and a severely diminished quality of life. Despite advancements in diagnosis, molecular pathogenesis, and management of the complications associated with irreversible liver diseases, HCC remains an aggressive malignancy with high mortality. HCC is often invasive to adjacent vasculature, including the inferior vena cava (IVC) and portal veins, which present with rapid morbidity and patient decline. This article describes a patient with cirrhosis and HCC previously treated with cryoablation now presenting with multiple new foci and invasion of the left medial portal vein. These lesions were synchronously cryoablated. Cryoablation is typically reserved for solid tumor masses within the soft tissue or specific organs. This report illustrates a technique of directly cryoablating tumors within vessels. We achieved adequate cryoablation of the intravascular HCC portal vein tumor thrombus in the left medial portal vein. A one-month follow-up CT scan demonstrated significant portal vein macrovascular invasion (MVI) regression from 22.8 mm to 7.7 mm. Portal vein invasion by HCC presents unique challenges and traditionally precludes percutaneous or surgical therapy. Our technique shows successful cryoablation of MVI as a viable adjunct to treatment in select patients., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Esposito et al.)

The ovaries are a common site of metastasis from a variety of solid organ malignancies. These tumors most commonly originate from the gastrointestinal tract. Neuroendocrine tumors of the small bowel are unrelenting in their tendency to exhibit this type of distant spread, which poses a challenge for curative treatment. Whether metastatic disease to the ovary or primary ovarian malignancy, this is a major cause of morbidity and mortality for women of various ages. Currently, a mainstay of palliative treatment for advanced-stage disease resides in surgical debulking and chemotherapy. At times, these patients may not be surgical candidates due to various reasons which may include a large disease burden. Computed tomography-guided percutaneous cryoablation is a minimally invasive technique that has shown promise in treating solid organ metastatic lesions by exposing them to lethal temperatures. We describe a novel technique of palliative cryoablation of a primary small bowel carcinoid tumor that metastasized to the ovary. Hydrodissection was utilized to create a window for safe percutaneous treatment. At the end of freeze cycles, intraoperative CT was performed, demonstrating greater than 90% incorporation of the ovarian tumor within the margins of the lethal ice zone. Our team decided that this was a maximum percentage of freeze due to neighboring vessels and bowel. The patient tolerated this treatment well, and there were no reported post-operative complications. The procedure was clinically successful at shrinking the tumor as demonstrated on a nine-month follow-up CT. Percutaneous cryoablation is already a widely utilized method for treating tumors in various locations including the kidneys and liver. The application of cryoablation can be expanded as an effective and safe palliative technique for treating ovarian tumors. This may be especially useful in patients that are not surgical candidates., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2021, Montanarella et al.)

Testicular cancer is the most common solid malignancy in male adolescents and young adults, with germ cell derived seminomas and non-seminomas being by far the most common histologies. Teratoma with somatic-type malignancy is a rare chemo-resistant phenotype of testis cancer associated with poor prognosis in patients with advanced stage disease. Malignant gonadal-stromal tumors comprise 5% of testicular neoplasms and approximately 10% are malignant and considered chemo-radiation resistant. Prognostic factors and treatment strategies for these uncommon histologies are lacking., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2020 Translational Andrology and Urology. All rights reserved.)

Legacy soil data have been produced over 70 years in nearly all countries of the world. Unfortunately, data, information and knowledge are still currently fragmented and at risk of getting lost if they remain in a paper format. To process this legacy data into consistent, spatially explicit and continuous global soil information, data are being rescued and compiled into databases. Thousands of soil survey reports and maps have been scanned and made available online. The soil profile data reported by these data sources have been captured and compiled into databases. The total number of soil profiles rescued in the selected countries is about 800,000. Currently, data for 117, 000 profiles are compiled and harmonized according to GlobalSoilMap specifications in a world level database (WoSIS). The results presented at the country level are likely to be an underestimate. The majority of soil data is still not rescued and this effort should be pursued. The data have been used to produce soil property maps. We discuss the pro and cons of top-down and bottom-up approaches to produce such maps and we stress their complementarity. We give examples of success stories. The first global soil property maps using rescued data were produced by a top-down approach and were released at a limited resolution of 1km in 2014, followed by an update at a resolution of 250m in 2017. By the end of 2020, we aim to deliver the first worldwide product that fully meets the GlobalSoilMap specifications., (© 2017.)

The study investigated the effect of varying pole weights on energy expenditure, upper limb muscle activation and on forces transmitted to the poles during Nordic walking (NW). Twelve women [age = 21 (2) years, body mass = 60.8 (6) kg, height = 1.71 (0.06) m] participated in five 7-min walking tests randomly chosen without poles (W), with normal NW poles (NW) or with added masses of 0.5 kg (NW + 0.5) 1.0 kg (NW + 1.0) or 1.5 kg (NW + 1.5) at a speed of 2 m s(-1). Heart rate (HR), relative oxygen uptake ([Formula: see text]), blood lactate (La) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were registered along with surface EMG (SEMG) from biceps brachii, triceps brachii, trapecius and deltoideus muscles. Inbuilt force transducers measured reaction forces along the long axes of the poles. NW + 0.5 and NW + 1.5 showed significant increases for [Formula: see text] and RPE compared with W (p < 0.05) but with no respective differences within NW. SEMG revealed higher activation of biceps brachii for all NW tests plus added masses compared to W (p < 0.05). Additionally the activation of biceps brachii was higher for NW + 1.5 compared to NW (p < 0.05). The contribution to overall activation duration of triceps brachii became lower but increased for biceps brachii with heavier poles. The increased energy expenditure during NW can be attributed to intensified muscle activation during forward swing of the poles. Heavier poles have no effect on energy expenditure compared to NW with usual poles but enhance muscular activity. Since there are no benefits concerning physiological and biomechanical parameters we do not recommend the use of heavier NW poles.