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Summary: Circulating tumour DNA (ctDNA) allows genotyping and minimal residual disease (MRD) detection in lymphomas. Using a next‐generation sequencing (NGS) approach (EuroClonality‐NDC), we evaluated the clinical and prognostic value of ctDNA in a series of R‐CHOP‐treated diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma (DLBCL) patients at baseline (n = 68) and after two cycles (n = 59), monitored by metabolic imaging (positron emission tomography combined with computed tomography [PET/CT]). A molecular marker was identified in 61/68 (90%) ctDNA samples at diagnosis. Pretreatment high ctDNA levels significantly correlated with elevated lactate dehydrogenase, advanced stage, high‐risk International Prognostic Index and a trend to shorter 2‐year progression‐free survival (PFS). Valuable NGS data after two cycles of treatment were obtained in 44 cases, and 38 achieved major molecular response (MMR; 2.5‐log drop in ctDNA). PFS curves displayed statistically significant differences among those achieving MMR versus those not achieving MMR (2‐year PFS of 76% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). Similarly, more than 66% reduction in ΔSUVmax by PET/CT identified two subgroups with different prognosis (2‐year PFS of 83% vs. 38%; p < 0.001). Combining both approaches MMR and ΔSUVmax reduction, a better stratification was observed (2‐year PFS of 84% vs. 17% vs. 0%, p < 0.001). EuroClonality‐NDC panel allows the detection of a molecular marker in the ctDNA in 90% of DLBCL. ctDNA reduction at two cycles and its combination with interim PET results improve patient prognosis stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Examination of the transition of successful students from university into the labour market reveals a significant gap between the competencies acquired during higher education and those needed in the workplace. In this article, the authors discuss a research study undertaken to analyse the employability traits of engineers who had recently graduated. In order to do this, an estimation was made of both acquired and applied competencies in each area of engineering examined (computer engineers, naval engineers and industrial engineers). This analysis enabled the calculation of a choice model to clarify which competencies act as a stimulus for employment and which discourage recruitment. The results provide clear policy directions both for management teams in each of the three areas of engineering and for universities.

MONOGRAFÍA: ENSEÑANZA DE LA GRAMÁTICA EN ELE: RESULTADOS DE INVESTIGACIÓN Y NUEVAS PROPUESTAS Este artículo tiene por objeto reflexionar sobre los usos del pretérito perfecto compuesto en el ámbito de la enseñanza y aprendizaje del español, contexto en el que se tiende a simplificar la dimensión real de los tiempos del pasado y donde suele ignorarse la variación existente en su uso. Para ello, presentaremos los resultados de un análisis basado en datos provenientes del Corpus de aprendices de español (Rojo y Palacios, 2014). Tras una descripción sociolingüística de los fenómenos de variación a los que están sujetos las formas del pasado en el español actual, describiremos sus efectos en el ámbito del español no nativo, examinando un total de 2228 contextos en que los estudiantes de español del corpus utilizan el pretérito perfecto en tareas de expresión escrita. A través de un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo, nos interrogaremos sobre las causas de los usos encontrados para entender su distribución, el grado de corrección en el empleo de las formas, la coherencia contextual, así como otras implicaciones aspectuales o estilísticas que se puedan extraer, y que no necesariamente reflejen la manera en que se enseñan y se categorizan los tiempos verbales del pasado en libros de texto, planes de enseñanza y exámenes. ABSTRACT In this article, I carry out a detailed analysis of some of the linguistic features of the Spanish pretérito perfecto compuesto (present perfect tense) in order to show its implications within the Spanish Second Language teaching and learning context, where this particular tense is usually explained in a very simplistic way. I will present the results of the analysis of the present perfect tense using a data-driven methodology, analysing data from a Spanish learner’s corpus, the Corpus de aprendices de español (Rojo & Palacios 2014). After having described the unstable sociolinguistic landscape of the present perfect in the Spanish-speaking world nowadays, I will track the effects of grammar variation in the context of Spanish language learning by examining 2,228 sentences that Spanish students have written using the present perfect. With this analysis, I aim to study some morphological features and aspectual representations to explore quantitative and qualitative differences between native and non-native uses of this particular tense and aspect. The results of this analysis will help us understand that the use of the target language by the learners contradicts some beliefs, learning processes and contents that are generally associated to the grammar structures that teachers of Spanish normally deal with in textbooks, language reference curricula and assessments

The study explores the effectiveness of the implementation of blended teaching (BT) by combining the Spanish online resource "Aula Virtual de Espanol" (AVE) with the face-to-face (F2F) delivery approach in second language Spanish programs in two high schools in Alberta, Canada. Findings demonstrate the effectiveness of combining the online resource AVE to the F2F teaching approach to promote BT in the Spanish language classroom. The use of BT approach in the language classroom had a positive impact on the students' attitudes towards the study of the language, the students' motivation and their participation levels in class, as well as their use of the target language in the classroom. Moreover, the multimodal experiences provided by the use of the online AVE resource combined with the F2F delivery approach responded more to the different learners learning styles and specific needs. Finally, the use of online AVE in conjunction with F2F teaching was also perceived as an effective tool in the preparation for the International Spanish Diplomas (DELE) taken by the students in the more advanced Spanish classes. (Contains 11 tables and 6 figures.)

In this article, the development of a stable perovskite-based photovoltaic device manufactured in a controlled environment, with humidity between 40 and 65%, and encapsulated is presented. Encapsulation using polymers like ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), and EVA combined with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) was proposed due to the low curing temperatures, insulating properties, and simple deposition processes of these materials. Testing involved subjecting these materials to humidity, temperature, and UV irradiation, following the International Summit on Stability of Organic Photovoltaics (ISOS-T) protocols, and using a 24 W UV lamp. Characterization analyses were carried out using various technologies including digital microscopy, spectroscopic ellipsometry, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and electrical simulations. The results indicate that EVA-encapsulated samples displayed higher stability and resistance against external factors compared to PMMA and EVA-PVDF. Specifically, the EVA-encapsulated samples maintained a 15.06% power conversion efficiency (PCE) after the thermal cycles were carried out, reducing only by 0.9% compared to pristine samples. Similarly, after 350 h of UV exposure, they retained a PCE of 13.90%, decreasing by just 9.58% compared to the initial value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to develop a sediment deposits hydraulic deterioration model based on self-cleansing criteria to prioritize the inspection of sewer systems. The model was trained with benchmarking literature values from earlier experiments and validated with household connections complaints data from Bogotá, Colombia. Recursive Feature Elimination with Cross-Validation (RFECV) and Bayesian Optimization (BO) were used to construct a Random Forest (RF) model to predict, at pipe level, the likelihood for a pipe to present sediment deposits. To evaluate the model's prediction accuracy, two different performance indicators were used: (i) the Percentage of Effective Inspections, and (ii) Pipes per Inspection with sediments. The sediment deposits hydraulic deterioration model shows good overall performance with buffer zones radiuses of 250 m predicting which pipes tend to present sediment deposits over time. This model improves the understanding of sediment deposits in hydraulic deterioration models and can be used to prioritize inspection of sewer systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]