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Suicide ranks among the 10 leading causes of death, with rates increasing among middle-aged adults. Anger is associated with suicide risk, but few studies have investigated this association in a primarily middle-aged sample. The present study investigated the association between state or trait anger and suicidal ideation among a national sample of 1255 middle-aged adults. Participants (M = 54.5, SD = 11.7; range = 34-84) were from the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Biomarker sub-project (2004-2009). In a multivariate model including age, sex, depression symptoms, angry temperament, and externalized anger, only angry temperament significantly predicted suicidal ideation independent of depression symptoms (OR = 1.13, p = .04). The associations between anger subscales and suicidal ideation were not moderated by gender or depression symptoms and were not mediated by interpersonal difficulties. Among middle-aged adults, angry temperament is associated with risk of suicidal ideation, irrespective of gender or depression symptoms. Assessing and addressing angry temperament in treatment may help decrease suicide risk., Author(s): Ruifeng Cui [sup.1] , Montgomery T. Owsiany [sup.1] , Nicholas Turiano [sup.1] , Amy Fiske [sup.1] [sup.2] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.268154.c, 0000 0001 2156 6140, Department of Psychology, West [...]

Abstract In December of 3 years, 87 beef cows with nursing calves (594 ± 9.8 kg; calving season, September to November) at side were stratified by body condition score, body weight, cow age, and calf gender and divided randomly into 6 groups assigned to 1 of 6 cool-season annual pastures (0.45 ha/cow) that had been interseeded into a dormant common bermudagrass (Cynodon dactylon [L.] Pers.)/bahiagrass (Paspalum notatum Flugge) sod. Pastures contained 1 of the following 3 seeding mixtures (2 pastures/mixture): 1) wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam., WRG), 2) wheat and ryegrass plus red clover (Trifolium pretense L., WRR), or 3) wheat and ryegrass plus white (Trifolium repens L.) and crimson clovers (Trifolium incarnatum L., WRW). All groups had ad libitum access to grass hay (12% crude protein; 58% total digestible nutrients). The second week in December, cow estrous cycles were synchronized and artificially inseminated. In late December, a bull was placed with each group for 60-d. Data were analyzed with an analysis of variance using a mixed model containing treatment as the fixed effect and year as the random effect. Body weight and condition scores did not differ (P ≥ 0.27) among cows between February and June. Calf birth weights or average daily gain did not differ (P ≥ 0.17) among treatments; however, calves grazing pastures with clovers did tend (P = 0.06) to weigh more than calves grazing grass only. Weaning weight per cow exposed to a bull was greater (P = 0.02) for WRR and WRW than WRG. Cows grazing winter-annual pastures containing clovers tended to wean more calf body weight per cow exposed to a bull than cows grazing the grass only pastures.

Measurement of the viscoelastic properties of polymer solids, melts, and solutions is broadly practiced. The so-called 'frequency sweep' appears in thousands of publications, with data covering up to five decades of frequency to reveal, for example, the relative molecular size of a polymer. To perform these experiments, the frequency range is typically 'swept' from high to low frequency or vice versa. Unfortunately, this confounds frequency with run time. This is more than annoying; time effects can result in serious mistakes in the interpretation of the data. Fortunately, the confounding can be eliminated by simply running the frequencies in random order, which converts the time trend to random error. Described here is how this can be done and shows via modeling that the result can not only show that time effects are present but can be analyzed to show the time rate of change of the sample. This analysis is demonstrated using two real examples: loss of solvent from poly(dimethyl siloxane) gum and gelation of porcine gelatin. This method compares well with the multiwave technique, but does not require any special software or adjustments of amplitude with frequency or harmonic spacing of the frequencies. KEYWORDS melt rheology, porcine gelatin, random-frequency sweeps, 1 | INTRODUCTION Since their introduction, rotational rheometers have been successfully adapted for dynamic and steady measurements of shear stresses as a function of frequency ([omega]) and shear rate ([??]), [...]

Objectives: Women are twice as likely to be diagnosed with major depressive disorder as men. Yet suicide rates are four times higher in men than women, increasing to six times when comparing older men to older women. Investigators have begun researching if depression presents differently in individuals who adhere to masculine norms, leading to the conceptualization of masculine depression. Despite validity evidence for the Male Depression Risk Scale-22 (MDRS-22) in mixed-age samples, few studies have investigated the possibility of age-related differences in masculine depression. The present study aimed to test for age invariance of the MDRS-22. Method: Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was tested via a multi-group confirmatory factor analysis with groups of younger (18–64 years) and older (65+ years) males (N = 469). Results: Age invariance for the MDRS-22 was not established, ΔX2 = 451.47, Δdf = 16, p < 0.001. Conclusion: Results of the study indicate that masculine depression may present differently between younger and older men. To fully understand the construct of masculine depression, it is important to investigate how symptoms may present in individuals of all ages. Overall, the study highlights the importance of investigating how masculine depression may present differently in older men. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A significant fraction of the experimental works on the rheology of polymer melts include an attempt to find the zero-shear-rate viscosity [[eta].sub.0]. This is done for good reasons, because [[eta].sub.0] is a limiting property that depends only on thermodynamic variables and, importantly, the molecular and supermolecular structure of the melt. As with all limiting properties, [[eta].sub.0] is impossible to measure directly. Fortunately with many melts, it can be estimated from viscosity measurements at very low shear rates or frequencies, but still remains one of those properties that becomes in the limit very prone to error. The common approach is to use a set of frequency- or shear-rate-dependent data and extrapolate to find [[eta].sub.0]. As with any extrapolation, the major question is the function used for the extrapolation. This question is addressed in some detail in this article. The question of which function to use was discarded in favor of using a large sample of 20 equations of many functional forms. This sample of randomly chosen equations was used to generate a set of [[eta].sub.0] values, and the statistics of this distribution were examined, in the usual fashion, by description with an analytical probability density function that gives a high probability of being a likely generator of the data. In addition, a weighted average was proposed, where the weighting factor takes into account the quality of the fit. For testing these ideas, the room temperature melts of poly(vinyl isobutyl ether), poly(isobutylene), and poly(dimethyl siloxane) were used. The [[eta].sub.0] of the latter was reachable; for the other resins, a falling ball technique was attempted. KEYWORDS empirical viscosity descriptions, generalized Newtonian fluids, zero-shear-rate viscosity, 1 | INTRODUCTION While gathering viscosity data for viscoelastic polymer melts, many investigators stop taking data at shear rates (or frequencies) somewhat or even well above the point where the [...]

AbstractObjectivesMethodResultsConclusionThis review aims to evaluate and synthesize quantitative and qualitative findings on perceived control and value placed on control within the context of suicidal ideation or nonfatal suicidal behaviors in older adults.A comprehensive literature search was completed in June 2022, October 2022, and November 2023. Included studies focused on perceived control or value placed on control and on suicidal ideation or nonfatal suicidal behavior. Studies were published in English and included older adults (≥ 60 years) in separate analyses. Studies focusing on self-efficacy were excluded.Twelve studies with 10 unique samples of 1487 total participants from eight countries were assessed. Quantitative studies indicated that perceived control and value placed on control are significant correlates of suicidal ideation and nonfatal suicidal behaviors, while qualitative studies highlighted that individuals who survive suicide attempts often specify decreased perceived control as a reason for their attempts.Results of this review indicate that perceived control and value placed on control are relevant variables when studying suicidal ideation and nonfatal suicidal behavior. This conclusion should be considered preliminary. Future research should examine heterogeneous samples, adopt gold standard assessments, and assess covariates in the associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty-nine percent of adults in the U.S. care for children, and 12% to 24.3% of those adults are multigenerational caregivers who also provide unpaid care for one or more adults. These adults are considered members of the "sandwich generation," which is a term for multigenerational caregivers who provide care, financial support, and emotional support for both their children and parents. The present study characterized the sandwich generation and examined how sandwich generation caregivers differed from caregivers of children, caregivers of parents, and non-caregivers regarding burnout and depression. We found that sandwich generation caregivers and caregivers of parents reported significantly higher levels of informal caregiving burnout than caregivers of children. Compared to non-caregivers, all caregivers reported significantly higher levels of personal burnout. Burnout is higher in sandwich generation caregivers and those who care for parents than burnout among those who care only for children. Future studies should investigate additional variables that affect burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We characterize rates and correlates of PTSD and of trauma re-engagement without PTSD in medically ill older Veterans, as well as supportive strategies, with the goal of advancing trauma-informed care. We interviewed medically ill older Veterans (N = 88, M age 75.13, SD = 6.14) with primary care screening measures for PTSD and trauma re-engagement, and open-ended questions to assess supportive strategies. One-fifth (20.5%) presented with probable PTSD, associated with greater trauma exposures (r=.57, p<.001), whereas two-fifths (43.2%) reported re-engagement with military memories without PTSD, associated with having a spouse/partner (t = 2.27, p=.028). Of those who experienced trauma, half reported thinking more about the trauma recently and becoming more emotional on certain days. In response to the question 'What gives you strength as you think about the future with your illness' Veterans described support of family, healthcare, worldview, personal control, acceptance, and health behaviors. Memories of trauma are common with medical illness. Age-friendly trauma-informed care could consider factors that patients describe as sources of strength with illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A good strategy for working with external media is essential to the success of student affairs professionals. Examples of practices that lead to effective engagement with the various media are examined. (Author)