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Introduction: An association between socioeconomic status (SES) and smoke-free private spaces among smokers could be due to heavier smoking among low SES smokers. We assessed whether quantity smoked or SES are independently associated with smoke-free homes or cars in daily smokers. Method: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional telephone survey (2011-2012) of 750 daily smokers age [greater than or equal to]18 years in Quebec, Canada (45% response). Multivariable logistic regression was used to model the independent association between (a) number of cigarettes smoked per day, and (b) each of educational attainment, annual household income, or active employment status and smoke-free homes or cars. Results: Participants were 41.0 years old on average, 57% were female. Median (IQR) number of cigarettes smoked per day was 14 (10, 20). Forty-eight percent of participants reported smoke-free homes; 34% reported smoke-free cars. Quantity smoked was strongly associated with both smoke-free homes and cars. Income and education (but not actively employed) were associated with smoke-free homes. None of the SES indicators were associated with smoke-free cars. Conclusions: Interventions targeting smokers to promote smoke-free homes and cars should incorporate components to help smokers reduce quantity smoked or preferably, to quit. Interventions targeting smoke-free homes will also need to address SES inequalities by education and income. Our data suggest that reduction in quantity smoked may help smokers reduce SHS exposure in cars, but that an inequality lens may not be relevant.

Surveyed Quebec francophone college students regarding their acculturation orientation towards immigrants in general and toward valued and devalued immigrants. Overall, respondents preferred individualism and integrationism over assimilationism, segregationism, and exclusionism. However, individualism and integrationism were more strongly endorsed for valued than devalued immigrants, while other orientations were more strongly endorsed for devalued immigrants. (SM)

Abstract After defining discrimination and linguicism, the first part of the paper provides a brief overview of employment problems experienced by minority groups in Quebec. Part two offers results from [...]

ABSTRACT/RESUME This empirical study compared the acculturation orientations of host communities whose ethnolinguistic vitality was perceived as somewhat threatened in two national settings: Fancophones in Quebec (N = 206) and [...]

Introduction: We investigated whether secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure is associated with depressive symptoms in a population-based sample of children.Methods: Never-smoking students from 29 French-language elementary schools in Greater Montréal, Canada, were followed from 5th to 11th grade (2005-2011) in five waves: 1 (5th grade), 2 (spring 6th grade), 3 (7th grade), 4 (9th grade), and 5 (11th grade). Associations between depressive symptoms and SHS exposure at home and in cars were examined in cross-sectional and longitudinal gamma generalized regression models adjusted for sex, maternal education, and neighborhood socioeconomic status.Results: The sample comprised 1553 baseline never-smokers (mean [SD] age = 10.7 [0.5] years; 44% male; 89% French-speaking). SHS exposure at home and in cars was associated with higher depressive symptom scores in cross-sectional analyses pooled across grades and adjusted for demographics (B [95% confidence interval (CI)] = 0.041 [0.017 to 0.068] for home exposure; 0.057 [0.030 to 0.084] for car exposure). In longitudinal analyses from fifth to sixth grade, B (95% CI), adjusted for demographics and baseline depressive symptoms, was 0.042 (0.003 to 0.080) for home exposure and 0.061 (0.019 to 0.103) for car exposure. From sixth to seventh grade, B (95% CI) was 0.057 (0.003 to 0.110) for home exposure and 0.074 (0.015 to 0.133) for car exposure. SHS exposure at any age did not predict depressive symptoms 2 years later.Conclusions: SHS exposure is associated with depressive symptoms in young persons, both concurrently and 1 year later. This finding adds to the evidence base supporting that children should be protected from SHS exposure.Implications: SHS exposure has deleterious effects on physical health and results of this study raise concerns that such exposure might also affect the mental health of young persons. Clearly, protecting children from SHS in all locations is a critical public health priority. Although research is needed to determine if the association between SHS exposure and depressive symptoms is causal, continued implementation of smoking bans and educational efforts to discourage smoking in vehicles when children are present are warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Daily cannabis use can portend problematic use or dependence. We aimed to identify early risk factors for daily cannabis use in young adults.Methods: Data were available in a longitudinal investigation of 1294 grade 7 students age 12 to 13 years at inception recruited in 10 secondary schools in Montreal, Canada, in 1999. Data on daily cannabis use were collected in mailed self-report questionnaires from 878 participants (67.9% of 1294) at age 20. The associations between each of 23 potential risk factors measured in grade 7 and daily cannabis use at age 20 were modeled using logistic regression.Results: At age 20, 44% of participants reported past-year cannabis use; 10% reported daily use. Older age; male sex; higher levels of family stress and other stress; use of alcohol, cigarettes, and other tobacco products; parent(s), sibling(s), and friend(s) smoke cigarettes; higher body mass index; higher impulsivity and novelty seeking; and lower self-esteem increased the odds of daily cannabis use.Conclusions: Children at risk of daily cannabis use as young adults can be identified early. They may benefit from early intervention to prevent problematic cannabis use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contexte/problématique : La formation continue en ligne est eficace pour améliorer les connaissances de l'apprenant, mais les effets sur l'adoption de meilleures pratiques cliniques sont plus rarement démontrés. Ain de répondre au besoin des inhalothérapeutes d'améliorer leurs pratiques de counseling en abandon du tabac (Tremblay et al. 2006), l'Ordre des inhalothérapeutes du Québec, en collaboration avec l'Institut national de santé publique, a développé la formation « Intervenir auprès de vos patients fumeurs : le rôle des inhalothérapeutes », offerte uniquement en ligne aux inhalothérapeutes ayant gradué. Cette formation a fait l'objet d'une évaluation en s'inspirant du modèle de Kirkpatrick à 4 niveaux (1996). Objectifs : L'objectif de l'évaluation consistait à mesurer les effets de la formation sur les connaissances, le sentiment de compétence à intervenir et les pratiques de counseling des inhalothérapeutes. Méthodes : Les participants ont été soumis à un test de connaissance sur le counseling en abandon du tabac avant la formation et immédiatement après. Leurs perceptions de compétence à intervenir auprès des patients fumeurs ainsi que leurs pratiques de counseling auprès de cette clientèle ont été évaluées avant la formation et trois mois après avoir complété la formation. Tous les inhalothérapeutes qui suivaient la formation étaient invités à participer à l'évaluation. Des 549 inhalothérapeutes qui ont complété la formation dix-huit mois après sa mise en ligne, 123 ont participé à toutes les étapes de l'évaluation. Résultats : Après avoir suivi la formation, les inhalothérapeutes ont amélioré leurs connaissances du counseling en abandon du tabac ; ils ont obtenu en moyenne un score au test de 11,6 sur 13 après la formation comparé à 5,3 avant (p < 0,05). Trois mois après avoir suivi la formation, ils se sentaient plus compétents à intervenir (4,2 sur une échelle de 5 vs. 2,6 ; p < 0,05) et ils intervenaient, en moyenne, auprès d'un patient sur dix de plus (5,0 patients sur 10 après la formation vs. 3,7 patients sur 10 avant ; p < 0,05). Discussion/conclusion : Cette formation en ligne a permis d'améliorer les connaissances, le sentiment de compétence et les pratiques de counseling des inhalothérapeutes auprès de leurs patients fumeurs. Ces résultats démontrent que cette méthode contemporaine d'éducation médicale continue peut améliorer les pratiques cliniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]