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Simple Summary: Mosquito traps are widely used for the monitoring and surveillance of mosquito vectors in many mosquito-borne disease-endemic countries. However, the costs and efficacy of traps remain a great challenge. In this study, we compared the trapping efficacy of locally modified Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) and Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) for dengue vector (Aedes aegypti) in a semi-field and field settings. The GAT was lined with pyrethroid-treated nets as a killing agent, while the AGO adhered with a sticky board to capture mosquitoes. We also compared the locally modified traps baited with either yeast or grass infusion with BG-Sentinel (BGS) with BG lure (a standard trap for capturing Aedes mosquitoes). Our findings showed that the GAT was more efficacious than the AGO in both semi-field and field settings. Additionally, there was no significant difference between yeast-baited and grass-baited GAT traps in capturing mosquitoes, although yeast was easier to use. When compared to a standard trap (BGS), GAT showed no difference in capturing Aedes mosquitoes in a semi-field; however, in the field setting, BGS outperformed the modified GAT. The study assessed the trapping efficacy of locally modified (1) Gravid Aedes Trap (GAT) lined with insecticide-treated net (ITN) as a killing agent and (2) Autocidal Gravid Ovitrap (AGO) with sticky board in the semi-field system (SFS) and field setting. Fully balanced Latin square experiments were conducted to compare GAT lined with ITN vs. AGO, both with either yeast or grass infusion. Biogent-Sentinel (BGS) with BG-Lure and no CO2 was used as a standard trap for Aedes mosquitoes. In the SFS, GAT outperformed AGO in collecting both nulliparous (65% vs. 49%, OR = 2.22, [95% CI: 1.89–2.60], p < 0.001) and gravid mosquitoes (73% vs. 64%, OR = 1.67, [95% CI: 1.41–1.97], p < 0.001). Similar differences were observed in the field. Yeast and grass infusion did not significantly differ in trapping gravid mosquitoes (OR = 0.91, [95% CI: 0.77–1.07], p = 0.250). The use of ITN improved mosquito recapture from 11% to 70% in the SFS. The same trend was observed in the field. Yeast was chosen for further evaluation in the optimized GAT due to its convenience and bifenthrin net for its resistance management properties. Mosquito density was collected when using 4× GATs relative to BGS-captured gravid mosquitoes 64 vs. 58 (IRR = 0.82, [95% CI: 0.35–1.95], p = 0.658) and showed no density dependence. Deployment of multiple yeast-baited GAT lined with bifenthrin net is cost-effective (single GAT < $8) compared to other traps such as BGS ($160). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the intersections between gender, display, and empire at turn-ofthe-century world's fairs in the United States. The 1915 Panama-Pacific International Exposition serves as a case study. Designed to celebrate the completion of the Panama Canal, the 1915 fair was hinged on contemporary notions of manliness and used gender ideology to articulate prevailing ideas and assumptions about the American nation, its new empire, and its influence on the entire world. Indeed, gendered rhetoric found its way into numerous contemporary published tracts, articles, paintings, and popular culture that take on the enormity of the Panama Canal and its implications. Manliness and its mechanical prosthetic, technology, became the arenas through which the United States refashioned its national body and confidently assumed its new role as imperialist on the world stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presently, the most common malaria control tools–i.e., long lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) and indoor residual spraying (IRS)–are limited to targeting indoor biting and resting behaviors of Anopheles mosquito species. Few interventions are targeted towards malaria control in areas where transmission is driven or persists due to outdoor biting behaviors. This study investigated a volatile pyrethroid-based spatial repellent (VPSR) designed to bridge this gap and provide protection from mosquito bites in outdoor spaces. Southern Province, Zambia, is one such environment where outdoor biting is suspected to contribute to malaria transmission, where people are active in the evening in open-walled outdoor kitchens. This study assessed the VPSR in replica kitchens within a controlled semi-field environment. Endpoints included effects on mosquito host seeking, immediate and delayed mortality, deterrence, blood feeding inhibition, and fertility. Host-seeking was reduced by approximately 40% over the course of nightly releases in chambers containing VPSR devices. Mosquito behavior was not uniform throughout the night, and the modeled effect of the intervention was considerably higher when hourly catch rates were considered. These two observations highlight a limitation of this overnight semi-field design and consideration of mosquito circadian rhythms is recommended for future semi-field studies. Additionally, deterrence and immediate mortality were both observed in treatment chambers, with evidence of delayed mortality and a dose related response. These results demonstrate a primarily personal protective mode of action with possible positive and negative community effects. Further investigation into this primary mode of action will be conducted through a field trial of the same product in nearby communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is not surprising that the Library of Congress would be defined as our national monument of art given the scale of the project, its federal sponsorship, and its posture as a public library with access to all Americans. Paralleling the assumption of the Library of Congress as not merely a building for housing books but a ritualistic center of civilization, the ambitious decorative program celebrated Western civilization and, in particular, the evolution of culture through knowledge. This article examines two mural cycles at the Library of Congress, "The Evolution of the Book" by John White Alexander and "The Evolution of Civilization" by Edwin Blashfield, considering each as a multivalent construction of American national identity and the critical debates that they generated. The male body was the subject of both cycles and functioned as the ideological armature within which to project current assumptions of and debates about masculinity, labor, imperialism, social reform, national identity, and progress.