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1. Features of cryptococcosis among 652 HIV-seronegative individuals in France: a cross-sectional observational study (2005-2020)

Author

Paccoud, Olivier, primary, Desnos-Ollivier, Marie, additional, Persat, Florence, additional, Demar, Magalie, additional, Boukris-Sitbon, Karine, additional, Bellanger, Anne-Pauline, additional, Bonhomme, Julie, additional, Bonnal, Christine, additional, Botterel, Françoise, additional, Bougnoux, Marie-Elisabeth, additional, Brun, Sophie, additional, Cassaing, Sophie, additional, Cateau, Estelle, additional, Chouaki, Taieb, additional, Cornet, Muriel, additional, Dannaoui, Eric, additional, Desbois-Nogard, Nicole, additional, Durieux, Marie-Fleur, additional, Favennec, Loïc, additional, Fekkar, Arnaud, additional, Gabriel, Frederic, additional, Gangneux, Jean-Pierre, additional, Guitard, Juliette, additional, Hasseine, Lilia, additional, Huguenin, Antoine, additional, Le Gal, Solène, additional, Letscher-Bru, Valérie, additional, Mahinc, Caroline, additional, Morio, Florent, additional, Nicolas, Muriel, additional, Poirier, Philippe, additional, Ranque, Stéphane, additional, Roosen, Gabrielle, additional, Rouges, Célia, additional, Roux, Anne-Laure, additional, Sasso, Milène, additional, Alanio, Alexandre, additional, Lortholary, Olivier, additional, Lanternier, Fanny, additional, Brieu, N., additional, Durand, C., additional, Bertei, D., additional, Bouchara, J.P., additional, Pihet, M., additional, Bland, S., additional, Bru (Annecy), J.P., additional, Pulik, M., additional, Le Turdu, F., additional, Lefrand, C, H., additional, Ferrand, M., additional, Larrouy, M., additional, Millon, L., additional, Delhaes, L., additional, Imbert, S., additional, Accoceberry, I., additional, Bachelier, M.N., additional, Nevez, G., additional, Quinio, D., additional, Le Coustumier, A., additional, Carmagnol, F., additional, Rivière, B., additional, Boex, P., additional, Podac, B., additional, Moniot, M., additional, Nourrisson, C., additional, Augereau, O., additional, Emond, J.P., additional, Belkacem-Belkaki, G., additional, Bacri, J.L., additional, Berthelot, G., additional, Dalle, F., additional, Vallee, E., additional, Bizet, J., additional, Noussair, L., additional, Herrmann, J.L., additional, Maubon, D., additional, Brocard, C., additional, Guiffault, P., additional, Layet, A., additional, Morel, A., additional, Angoulvant, A., additional, Penn, P., additional, Gigandon, A., additional, Sendid, B., additional, Cornu, M., additional, Darde, M.L., additional, Jaccard, A., additional, Bouteille, B., additional, Azjenberg, D., additional, Prades, N., additional, Bienvenu, A.L., additional, Benoit-Cattin, T., additional, Fiacre, A., additional, Levy, S., additional, Pitsch, A., additional, Kiefer, M.H., additional, Debourgogne, A., additional, Moquet, O., additional, Colot, J., additional, Courtellemont, L., additional, Poisson, D., additional, Laurens, V., additional, Kauffmann-Lacroix, C., additional, Martres, P., additional, Gargala, G., additional, Godineau, N., additional, Picot, S., additional, Chassagne, C., additional, Djibo, N., additional, Devallière, R., additional, Sabou, M., additional, Camin-Ravenne, A.M., additional, Bissuel, F., additional, Janvier, F., additional, Aubert, X., additional, Chadapaud, S., additional, Delbeck, X., additional, Lafeuillade, A., additional, Raoult, X., additional, Baclet, V., additional, Coignard, C., additional, Mouton, Y., additional, Ravaux, I., additional, Eloy, C., additional, Fur, A., additional, Rezzouk, L., additional, Mazards, E., additional, Eloy, O., additional, Chachaty, E., additional, Mihaila, L., additional, Dellion, S., additional, Patey, O., additional, Thouvenot, A., additional, Limousin, L., additional, Paugam, A., additional, Desplaces, N., additional, Raguin, G., additional, Sitterlé, E., additional, Blaize, M., additional, Gits-Muselli, M., additional, Hennequin, C., additional, Poirot, J.L., additional, Bretagne, S., additional, Lacroix, Claire, additional, and Hamane, Samia, additional

Published
2024
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2. A prospective multicentre surveillance study to investigate the risk associated with contaminated sinks in the intensive care unit

Author

Abdoush, H., Alfandari, S., Allaire, A., Aloe, L., Andreo, A., Antoine, E., Aurel, C., Azaouzi, A., Barry-Perdereau, V., Berrouane, Y., Blaise, S., Blanie, M., Bonjean, S., Borderan, G.C., Bounoua, M., Bourigault, C., Brean, V., Cecille, A., Chakaroun, H., Chanay, O., Chauvin, C., Curnier, V., Dalmas, H., Degallaix, D., Del Guidice, F., Delhomme, J., Demasure, M., Denis, C., Diaw, F., Dorel, S., Fourneret-Vivier, A., Fradin, B., Fribourg, A., Fumery, B., Gallais, S., Gazagne, L., Genillon, J.P., Gerbier, C., Glanard, A., Gouin, C., Gourmelen, F., Haond, C., Huart, C., Idri, N., Ionescu, P., Joron, S., Joseph, E., Labonne, V., Laurent, B., Le Coq, M., Lecuru, M., Legrand, A., Lehiani, O., Lepainteur, M., Lesteven, C., Llorens, M., Lugagne, N., Magneney, M., Mahamat, A., Marie, V., Mattioli, K., Mesnil, M., Mien, S., Morange, V., Negrin, N., Neulier, C., Ory, J., Ouzani, S., Perez, A., Pospisil, F., Sevin, T., Thomas-Hervieu, A., Valdes, A., Victoire, C., Vidal-Hollaender, B., Veyres, P., Zamfir, O., Anguel, N., Aussant, P., Badetti, C., Bavozet, F., Bayekula, J., Bedon-Carte, S., Bedos, J.P., Berthon, M., Bertrand, P.M., Brunel, E., Burel, C., Cerf, C., Chelha, R., Combaux, D., Da Silva, D., Damoisel, C., De Rudnicki, S., Debost, J., Desfrere, L., Della-Guardia, M., Dieye, E., Eisenmann, N., Ethuin, F., Favier, L., Fedun, S., Feller, M., Ferreira, L., Fillatre, P., Galin, X., Garot, D., Duclos, J. Gaubert, Gette, S., Georges, H., Godde, F., Hamet, M., Hira, M., Hoff, J., Hyvernat, H., Illinger, J., Jacques, L., Joubert, J., Kaidomar, M., Kalfon, P., Kallel, H., Lafforgue, P., Lambiotte, F., Landivier, A., Lazard, T., Le Gall, F., M'fam, W., Mariot, J., Martin, A., Martinet, O., Michaux, P., Michel, O., Mofredj, A., Montini, F., Muller, L., Pommier, C., Pottie, J.C., Prevost, F., Roger, C., Samat, C., Serpin, L., Siami, S., Alaoui, S. Sidki, Simaillaud, A., Simonoviez, P.Y., Slimani, H., Thouret, J.M., Toledano, D., Travert, B., Trouiller, P., Trouillet, G., Vescovali, C., Adochitei, A., Amara, M., Arsene, S., Bachelier, M.N., Barrans, A., Belmonte, O., Ben Hadj Yahia, S., Bensaid, T., Beretta-Salaun, G., Bertei, D., Bizet, J., Bleunven, S., Bonfils, F., Bonnet, R., Brisou, P., Cantet, P., Cattoen, C., Chaplain, C., Cordoleani, B., Dao, A., Dorangeon, E., Dupin, C., Farfour, E., Farrugia, C., Fines, M., Fougnot, S., Garnier, P., Guerin, M., Guillet-Caruba, C., Guinard, J., Goux, A., Hammami, S., Heusse, E., Heym, B., Alet, C. Hombrouck, Jacquemin, P., Jensen, C., Lacomme, M.P., Lafay, E., Lance, F., Lanselle, C., Lavigne, J.P., Le Gallou, F., Lechat, S., Lemenand, O., Leotard, S., Levast, M., Louis, G., Lourtet, J., Luizy, N., Mereghetti, L., Mignot, L., Moquet, O., Navarrot, J.C., Lory, M. Pancher, Parmeland, L., Patoz, P., Poussing, S., Ragot, C., Roudiere, L., Ruimy, R., Rose, V. Sainte, Sanchez, R., Seraphin, H., Vanson, M.l., Valentin, Anne-Sophie, Santos, Sandra Dos, Goube, Florent, Gimenes, Rémi, Decalonne, Marie, Mereghetti, Laurent, Daniau, Côme, and van der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie

Published
2021
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3. A prospective multicentre surveillance study to investigate the risk associated with contaminated sinks in the intensive care unit

Author

Valentin, Anne-Sophie, primary, Santos, Sandra Dos, additional, Goube, Florent, additional, Gimenes, Rémi, additional, Decalonne, Marie, additional, Mereghetti, Laurent, additional, Daniau, Côme, additional, van der Mee-Marquet, Nathalie, additional, Abdoush, H., additional, Alfandari, S., additional, Allaire, A., additional, Aloe, L., additional, Andreo, A., additional, Antoine, E., additional, Aurel, C., additional, Azaouzi, A., additional, Barry-Perdereau, V., additional, Berrouane, Y., additional, Blaise, S., additional, Blanie, M., additional, Bonjean, S., additional, Borderan, G.C., additional, Bounoua, M., additional, Bourigault, C., additional, Brean, V., additional, Cecille, A., additional, Chakaroun, H., additional, Chanay, O., additional, Chauvin, C., additional, Curnier, V., additional, Dalmas, H., additional, Degallaix, D., additional, Del Guidice, F., additional, Delhomme, J., additional, Demasure, M., additional, Denis, C., additional, Diaw, F., additional, Dorel, S., additional, Fourneret-Vivier, A., additional, Fradin, B., additional, Fribourg, A., additional, Fumery, B., additional, Gallais, S., additional, Gazagne, L., additional, Genillon, J.P., additional, Gerbier, C., additional, Glanard, A., additional, Gouin, C., additional, Gourmelen, F., additional, Haond, C., additional, Huart, C., additional, Idri, N., additional, Ionescu, P., additional, Joron, S., additional, Joseph, E., additional, Labonne, V., additional, Laurent, B., additional, Le Coq, M., additional, Lecuru, M., additional, Legrand, A., additional, Lehiani, O., additional, Lepainteur, M., additional, Lesteven, C., additional, Llorens, M., additional, Lugagne, N., additional, Magneney, M., additional, Mahamat, A., additional, Marie, V., additional, Mattioli, K., additional, Mesnil, M., additional, Mien, S., additional, Morange, V., additional, Negrin, N., additional, Neulier, C., additional, Ory, J., additional, Ouzani, S., additional, Perez, A., additional, Pospisil, F., additional, Sevin, T., additional, Thomas-Hervieu, A., additional, Valdes, A., additional, Victoire, C., additional, Vidal-Hollaender, B., additional, Veyres, P., additional, Zamfir, O., additional, Anguel, N., additional, Aussant, P., additional, Badetti, C., additional, Bavozet, F., additional, Bayekula, J., additional, Bedon-Carte, S., additional, Bedos, J.P., additional, Berthon, M., additional, Bertrand, P.M., additional, Brunel, E., additional, Burel, C., additional, Cerf, C., additional, Chelha, R., additional, Combaux, D., additional, Da Silva, D., additional, Damoisel, C., additional, De Rudnicki, S., additional, Debost, J., additional, Desfrere, L., additional, Della-Guardia, M., additional, Dieye, E., additional, Eisenmann, N., additional, Ethuin, F., additional, Favier, L., additional, Fedun, S., additional, Feller, M., additional, Ferreira, L., additional, Fillatre, P., additional, Galin, X., additional, Garot, D., additional, Duclos, J. Gaubert, additional, Gette, S., additional, Georges, H., additional, Godde, F., additional, Hamet, M., additional, Hira, M., additional, Hoff, J., additional, Hyvernat, H., additional, Illinger, J., additional, Jacques, L., additional, Joubert, J., additional, Kaidomar, M., additional, Kalfon, P., additional, Kallel, H., additional, Lafforgue, P., additional, Lambiotte, F., additional, Landivier, A., additional, Lazard, T., additional, Le Gall, F., additional, M'fam, W., additional, Mariot, J., additional, Martin, A., additional, Martinet, O., additional, Michaux, P., additional, Michel, O., additional, Mofredj, A., additional, Montini, F., additional, Muller, L., additional, Pommier, C., additional, Pottie, J.C., additional, Prevost, F., additional, Roger, C., additional, Samat, C., additional, Serpin, L., additional, Siami, S., additional, Alaoui, S. Sidki, additional, Simaillaud, A., additional, Simonoviez, P.Y., additional, Slimani, H., additional, Thouret, J.M., additional, Toledano, D., additional, Travert, B., additional, Trouiller, P., additional, Trouillet, G., additional, Vescovali, C., additional, Adochitei, A., additional, Amara, M., additional, Arsene, S., additional, Bachelier, M.N., additional, Barrans, A., additional, Belmonte, O., additional, Ben Hadj Yahia, S., additional, Bensaid, T., additional, Beretta-Salaun, G., additional, Bertei, D., additional, Bizet, J., additional, Bleunven, S., additional, Bonfils, F., additional, Bonnet, R., additional, Brisou, P., additional, Cantet, P., additional, Cattoen, C., additional, Chaplain, C., additional, Cordoleani, B., additional, Dao, A., additional, Dorangeon, E., additional, Dupin, C., additional, Farfour, E., additional, Farrugia, C., additional, Fines, M., additional, Fougnot, S., additional, Garnier, P., additional, Guerin, M., additional, Guillet-Caruba, C., additional, Guinard, J., additional, Goux, A., additional, Hammami, S., additional, Heusse, E., additional, Heym, B., additional, Alet, C. Hombrouck, additional, Jacquemin, P., additional, Jensen, C., additional, Lacomme, M.P., additional, Lafay, E., additional, Lance, F., additional, Lanselle, C., additional, Lavigne, J.P., additional, Le Gallou, F., additional, Lechat, S., additional, Lemenand, O., additional, Leotard, S., additional, Levast, M., additional, Louis, G., additional, Lourtet, J., additional, Luizy, N., additional, Mereghetti, L., additional, Mignot, L., additional, Moquet, O., additional, Navarrot, J.C., additional, Lory, M. Pancher, additional, Parmeland, L., additional, Patoz, P., additional, Poussing, S., additional, Ragot, C., additional, Roudiere, L., additional, Ruimy, R., additional, Rose, V. Sainte, additional, Sanchez, R., additional, Seraphin, H., additional, and Vanson, M.l., additional

Published
2021
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4. P-172 Identification par MALDI TOF Vitek MS sur subculture rapide des hémocultures

Author

Sarret, B, Chanteperdrix-Marillier, V, Bourgerette, E, Kherouf, H, Bouchet, F, Moquet, O, and Moquet, Olivier

Subjects
Hémocultures, Blood cultures, Identification microbienne, Maldi tof ms, [SDV.MP.BAC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, Bacterial identification
Abstract

Objectif - IntroductionLa technique MALDI TOF a amélioré la précision et la rapidité du rendu des identifications microbiennes par rapport aux techniques biochimiques classiques.Elle permet théoriquement une adaptation précoce de l’antibiothérapie si nécessaire avant les résultats de l’antibiogramme. Pour l’identification des souches d’hémocultures, des kits et protocoles sont disponibles pour travailler directement à partir des flacons.Ils demandent cependant beaucoup de manipulations, pour des performances inférieures aux performances standards.L’objectif de cette étude était d’évaluer les performances du Vitek MS (Biomérieux) pour l’identification des souches isolées d’hémocultures sur subculture rapide sur gélose.Matériels (ou Patients) et méthodesLes flacons aérobies ou anaérobies (Bactec) détectés positifs et monomicrobiens au Gram ont été ensemencés sur gélose PolyVitex sous atmosphère adaptée pendant 6h. Les cultures présentant une pousse visible ont été identifiées. Les résultats ont été comparés à ceux obtenus selon le protocole standard sur cultures de 18-24hRésultatsDu 13 octobre 2015 au 20 Mai 2016, 215 souches ont été incluses. On retrouvait 95 Entérobactéries, 66 Staphylocoques, 16 Streptocoques, 10 Entérocoques, 10 anaérobies, 8 bacilles non fermentant, 10 divers.Une identification correcte a été obtenue pour 95% des souches.Pour 8 flacons plurimicrobiens à la culture, le Vitek MS indiquait une des espèces identifiées en protocole standard.Pour 4 flacons, le Vitek MS a rendu Haemophilus haemolyticus : l’examen des cultures à 18-24h a cependant conclu à des subcultures négatives, et la reprise du Gram une absence de germe.Suite aux bonnes performances initiales, les 103 dernières identifications rapides ont été communiquées au clinicien par le biologiste.Pour 33 d’entre elles, l’antibiothérapie était inadaptée et le dialogue clinicobiologique a permis une adaptation efficace de la prescription dans les 2 heures.A noter: on retrouvait une absence d’antibiothérapie pour 17 cas, une antibiothérapie non adaptée au Gram pourtant communiqué dans 3 cas.ConclusionCes résultats prouvent les bonnes performances du Vitek MS pour l’identification rapide des souches d’hémocultures, ainsi que son intérêt dans l’optimisation précoce de l’antibiothérapie des patients

Published
2016

7. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus screening in France: Missed opportunities? A retrospective multicenter study of serological testing in hospital laboratories.

Author

Moquet O, Faye I, Auffret N, Garin B, Brichler S, and Césaire R

Abstract

Objectives: Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 infection is endemic in the French Antilles, French Guiana, and sub-Saharan Africa, the origin of many immigrants currently living in France. There are no national screening recommendations outside of the regulatory obligations concerning donations of blood, tissue, gametes, or milk to a lactarium. This study aimed to investigate the screening and diagnostic practices for this infection in France., Methods: Serological statistics for regulatory, antenatal, sexually transmitted infections (for CeGIDDs (Centre Gratuit d'Information, de Dépistage et de Diagnostic des Infections Sexuellement Transmissibles), which are public sexual health clinics), accidental exposure to blood screenings, and diagnosis since January 1, 2018 were collected from 23 hospital laboratories (two in the French Antilles, 21 in mainland France) associated with 55 hospitals and 22 maternity units., Results: A total absence of antenatal screening was reported by 75% of the laboratories associated with maternity units in mainland France. All the laboratories in mainland France reported an absence of screening in the accidental exposure to blood context, as did all the laboratories in mainland France associated with a CeGIDD in the context of sexually transmitted infection screening. Conversely, screening in accordance with the existing regulations was generally systematically carried out. The most frequently reported diagnostic contexts were hematology and neurology., Conclusions: This study reveals an underscreening of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 in the hospital laboratories of mainland France., Competing Interests: The authors have no competing interests to declare., (© 2024 The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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8. COVID-19-Associated Pulmonary Aspergillosis, Fungemia, and Pneumocystosis in the Intensive Care Unit: a Retrospective Multicenter Observational Cohort during the First French Pandemic Wave.

Author

Bretagne S, Sitbon K, Botterel F, Dellière S, Letscher-Bru V, Chouaki T, Bellanger AP, Bonnal C, Fekkar A, Persat F, Costa D, Bourgeois N, Dalle F, Lussac-Sorton F, Paugam A, Cassaing S, Hasseine L, Huguenin A, Guennouni N, Mazars E, Le Gal S, Sasso M, Brun S, Cadot L, Cassagne C, Cateau E, Gangneux JP, Moniot M, Roux AL, Tournus C, Desbois-Nogard N, Le Coustumier A, Moquet O, Alanio A, and Dromer F

Subjects
Aged, Antifungal Agents therapeutic use, COVID-19 mortality, COVID-19 pathology, Coinfection epidemiology, Critical Care, Female, France epidemiology, Fungemia drug therapy, Fungemia mortality, Galactose analogs & derivatives, Galactose blood, Humans, Intensive Care Units statistics & numerical data, Male, Mannans blood, Middle Aged, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis drug therapy, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis mortality, Pulmonary Aspergillosis drug therapy, Pulmonary Aspergillosis mortality, Retrospective Studies, SARS-CoV-2, Treatment Outcome, COVID-19 epidemiology, Coinfection mortality, Fungemia epidemiology, Pneumonia, Pneumocystis epidemiology, Pulmonary Aspergillosis epidemiology
Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate diagnostic means, host factors, delay of occurrence, and outcome of patients with COVID-19 pneumonia and fungal coinfections in the intensive care unit (ICU). From 1 February to 31 May 2020, we anonymously recorded COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), fungemia (CA-fungemia), and pneumocystosis (CA-PCP) from 36 centers, including results on fungal biomarkers in respiratory specimens and serum. We collected data from 154 episodes of CAPA, 81 of CA-fungemia, 17 of CA-PCP, and 5 of other mold infections from 244 patients (male/female [M/F] ratio = 3.5; mean age, 64.7 ± 10.8 years). CA-PCP occurred first after ICU admission (median, 1 day; interquartile range [IQR], 0 to 3 days), followed by CAPA (9 days; IQR, 5 to 13 days), and then CA-fungemia (16 days; IQR, 12 to 23 days) ( P < 10 -4 ). For CAPA, the presence of several mycological criteria was associated with death ( P < 10 -4 ). Serum galactomannan was rarely positive (<20%). The mortality rates were 76.7% (23/30) in patients with host factors for invasive fungal disease, 45.2% (14/31) in those with a preexisting pulmonary condition, and 36.6% (34/93) in the remaining patients ( P = 0.001). Antimold treatment did not alter prognosis ( P = 0.370). Candida albicans was responsible for 59.3% of CA-fungemias, with a global mortality of 45.7%. For CA-PCP, 58.8% of the episodes occurred in patients with known host factors of PCP, and the mortality rate was 29.5%. CAPA may be in part hospital acquired and could benefit from antifungal prescription at the first positive biomarker result. CA-fungemia appeared linked to ICU stay without COVID-19 specificity, while CA-PCP may not really be a concern in the ICU. Improved diagnostic strategy for fungal markers in ICU patients with COVID-19 should support these hypotheses. IMPORTANCE To diagnose fungal coinfections in patients with COVID-19 in the intensive care unit, it is necessary to implement the correct treatment and to prevent them if possible. For COVID-19-associated pulmonary aspergillosis (CAPA), respiratory specimens remain the best approach since serum biomarkers are rarely positive. Timing of occurrence suggests that CAPA could be hospital acquired. The associated mortality varies from 36.6% to 76.7% when no host factors or host factors of invasive fungal diseases are present, respectively. Fungemias occurred after 2 weeks in ICUs and are associated with a mortality rate of 45.7%. Candida albicans is the first yeast species recovered, with no specificity linked to COVID-19. Pneumocystosis was mainly found in patients with known immunodepression. The diagnosis occurred at the entry in ICUs and not afterwards, suggesting that if Pneumocystis jirovecii plays a role, it is upstream of the hospitalization in the ICU.

Published
2021
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10. Beware of the dog! Septic shock due to Capnocytophaga canimorsus revealed on peripheral blood smear.

Author

Gosset F, Sarret B, Mortreux S, and Moquet O

Subjects
Animals, Bacteremia diagnosis, Bacteremia etiology, Bacteremia microbiology, Bites and Stings diagnosis, Bites and Stings microbiology, Cytodiagnosis, Diagnostic Tests, Routine, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections blood, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections etiology, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections microbiology, Hematologic Tests, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Shock, Septic blood, Shock, Septic etiology, Shock, Septic microbiology, Splenectomy, Bites and Stings complications, Capnocytophaga isolation & purification, Dogs, Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections diagnosis, Shock, Septic diagnosis
Abstract

A blood smear examination led to the diagnosis of severe bacterial infection in a splenectomized patient. The knowledge of a relevant clinical information (recent dog bite) could have led to immediate presumptive identification of the causative agent, Capnocytophaga canimorsus.

Published
2019
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11. Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency in a French General Hospital: fortuitous detection rather than efficient screening.

Author

Moquet O, Kherouf H, de Faverges G, Dumont P, Bourgerette E, and N'Guyen T

Abstract

Introduction: We studied the characteristics of the screening procedure for alpha-1 antitrypsin at Nevers Hospital (France), together with the performance of serum protein gel electrophoresis for the fortuitous detection of patients with deficiency., Material and Methods: We carried out a retrospective study of requests for alpha-1 antitrypsin determination referred to the laboratory during 3 years. We compared these requests with the numbers of patients seen at the hospital and requiring screening according to international recommendations. In parallel, we reviewed all the serum protein gel electrophoresis results obtained during the same period., Results: The laboratory received 102 direct requests for alpha-1 antitrypsin determination, whereas more than 1397 patients presented an indication for screening. No case of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency was detected among the 102 patients screened. In parallel, 5551 serum protein gel electrophoresis analyses were carried out at the laboratory. A decrease in the size of the alpha-1 globulin fraction was detected in 68 patients. Seventeen of these patients underwent alpha-1 antitrypsin determinations and 14 were found to have alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency., Conclusion: Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency was more frequently detected fortuitously, by electrophoresis, than through efficient screening. The exploration of alpha-1 globulin deficiencies by serum protein gel electrophoresis thus appears to be still a particularly efficient approach to the detection of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency and should be carried out systematically. Furthermore, the testing of all patients with an indication for screening according to international recommendations should be encouraged.

Published
2018
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12. High third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterobacteriaceae prevalence rate among neonatal infections in Dakar, Senegal.

Author

Breurec S, Bouchiat C, Sire JM, Moquet O, Bercion R, Cisse MF, Glaser P, Ndiaye O, Ka S, Salord H, Seck A, Sy HS, Michel R, and Garin B

Subjects
Enterobacter cloacae drug effects, Enterobacter cloacae isolation & purification, Enterobacter cloacae pathogenicity, Enterobacteriaceae isolation & purification, Enterobacteriaceae pathogenicity, Enterobacteriaceae Infections drug therapy, Enterobacteriaceae Infections epidemiology, Female, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Klebsiella pneumoniae drug effects, Klebsiella pneumoniae isolation & purification, Klebsiella pneumoniae pathogenicity, Male, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Senegal epidemiology, Tertiary Care Centers, Treatment Outcome, beta-Lactam Resistance genetics, beta-Lactamases genetics, Cephalosporins pharmacology, Enterobacteriaceae drug effects, Enterobacteriaceae Infections microbiology, beta-Lactam Resistance drug effects
Abstract

Background: Neonatal infection constitutes one of Senegal's most important public health problems, with a mortality rate of 41 deaths per 1,000 live births., Methods: Between January 2007 and March 2008, 242 neonates with suspected infection were recruited at three neonatal intensive care units in three major tertiary care centers in Dakar, the capital of Senegal. Neonatal infections were confirmed by positive bacterial blood or cerebrospinal fluid culture. The microbiological pattern of neonatal infections and the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates were characterized. In addition, the genetic basis for antibiotic resistance and the genetic background of third-generation cephalosporin-resistant (3GC-R) Enterobacteriaceae were studied., Results: A bacteriological infection was confirmed in 36.4 % (88/242) of neonates: 22.7 % (30/132) during the early-onset and 52.7 % (58/110) during the late-onset periods (p > 0.20). Group B streptococci accounted for 6.8 % of the 88 collected bacterial isolates, while most of them were Enterobacteriaceae (n = 69, 78.4 %). Of these, 55/69 (79.7 %) were 3GC-R. The bla CTX-M-15 allele, the bla SHV and the bla TEM were highly prevalent (63.5, 65.4 and 53.8 %, respectively), usually associated with qnr genes (65.4 %). Clonally related strains of 3GC-R Klebsiella pneumoniae and 3GC-R Enterobacter cloacae, the two most commonly recovered 3GC-R Enterobacteriaceae (48/55), were detected at the three hospitals, underlining the role of cross-transmission in their spread. The overall case fatality rate was 18.6 %., Conclusions: Measures should be taken to prevent nosocomial infections and the selection of resistant bacteria.

Published
2016
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13. Histoplasma capsulatum in Cayenne, French Guiana.

Author

Moquet O, Blanchet D, Simon S, Veron V, Michel M, and Aznar C

Subjects
French Guiana, Histoplasma genetics, Environmental Monitoring, Histoplasma isolation & purification, Soil Microbiology
Abstract

We carried out a soil sampling survey in September 2008 in central Cayenne, French Guiana, using molecular methods to assess the presence of the dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. Four of the 31 samples collected (12.9 %) tested positive by PCR, with confirmation of the result by DNA sequencing. H. capsulatum is therefore present in urban environments in French Guiana. These results provide additional support for the primary prophylaxis of AIDS-related histoplasmosis in French Guiana.

Published
2012
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14. Development of echinocandin resistance in Clavispora lusitaniae during caspofungin treatment.

Author

Desnos-Ollivier M, Moquet O, Chouaki T, Guérin AM, and Dromer F

Subjects
Aged, Amino Acid Substitution genetics, Antifungal Agents administration & dosage, Caspofungin, DNA Mutational Analysis, DNA, Fungal chemistry, DNA, Fungal genetics, Echinocandins administration & dosage, Glucosyltransferases genetics, Humans, Lipopeptides, Male, Molecular Sequence Data, Mutation, Missense, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Drug Resistance, Fungal, Echinocandins pharmacology, Mycoses drug therapy, Mycoses microbiology, Saccharomycetales drug effects
Abstract

Clavispora lusitaniae is an opportunistic human pathogen responsible for 0.6 to 2% of candidemia. This species is intrinsically susceptible to echinocandins. Nevertheless, in this study, development of echinocandin resistance in C. lusitaniae isolates was observed during caspofungin treatment. This resistance resulted from missense mutation in the echinocandin target Fks1 gene.

Published
2011
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