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Research on intercultural interactions in higher education focuses on measuring student attitudes and degrees of cosmopolitanism, but there is little theoretically and empirically informed effort to understand 1) the nature of these campus interactions as ordinary, embodied, and routine, and 2) the cultural and social impact of campus intercultural interactions. Based on a qualitative study of ethnically diverse, newer migrant university students' experiences in Australia, our research examines ways intercultural interactions occur in everyday routines of higher education and how they reinforce ethnically-based relations of power. We employ and revise the concept "convivialities" -- the everyday, routine, and embodied nature of intercultural interactions that are not directly about ethnicity or ethnic difference -- to offer a nuanced perspective on everyday campus interculturality. We argue ordinary cross-cultural campus interactions can reinforce relations of dominance and subordinance through constituting symbolic boundaries for belonging.

Results suggest that the Campylobacter jejuni Cj1148 gene encodes the heptosyltransferase II enzyme, WaaF. The O-chain of the lipooligosaccharide, from the Waaf mutant, is not covalently attached to the oligosaccharide core.

Research has been conducted on the bile-tolerant Helicobacter spp. Growth-enhancing substances for this bacterium and their effect on the coccoid conversion have been investigated and the results suggest that the growth enhancement may be caused by the ability of the activated charcoal to remove toxic compounds in the culture media.

Research has been conducted on the lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The isolation of the LPS from Danish Helicobacter pylori strains by hot phenol-water extraction is described.

A modified extraction method was used to produce high yields of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) from two Pectinatus species. The ratio of phenol-chloroform-petroleum ether in this method was modified into 5:5:8 volume ratio. This procedure enabled the separation of two types of LPS from both P. cerevisiiphilus and P. frisingensis. This modified technique was used for further characterization of the LPS and also successfully extracted smooth-type LPS.

The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of seven fresh clinical isolates and three culture collection strains of Helicobacter pylori were analyzed. The clinical isolates all produced a smooth-form LPS, while the culture collection strains produced rough-form LPS. Compositional analysis of the rough-form LPS showed structural differences in the oligosaccharide moiety of the three strains. The lipid A moiety, meanwhile, contained unusually long 3-hydroxy fatty acids as well as an unusual phosphorylation pattern compared with enterobacterial lipid A.

Abstract Background Campylobacter jejuni is a major bacterial cause of food-borne enteritis, and its lipooligosaccharide (LOS) plays an initiating role in the development of the autoimmune neuropathy, Guillain-Barré syndrome, by induction of anti-neural cross-reactive antibodies through ganglioside molecular mimicry. Results Herein we describe the existence and heterogeneity of multiple LOS forms in C. jejuni strains of human and chicken origin grown at 37°C and 42°C, respectively, as determined on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide electrophoresis gels with carbohydrate-specific silver staining and blotting with anti-ganglioside ligands, and confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The C. jejuni NCTC 11168 original isolate (11168-O) was compared to its genome-sequenced variant (11168-GS), and both were found to have a lower-Mr LOS form, which was different in size and structure to the previously characterized higher-Mr form bearing GM1 mimicry. The lower-Mr form production was found to be dependent on the growth temperature as the production of this form increased from ~5%, observed at 37°C to ~35% at 42°C. The structure of the lower-Mr form contained a β-D-Gal-(1→3)-β-D-GalNAc disaccharide moiety which is consistent with the termini of the GM1, asialo-GM1, GD1, GT1 and GQ1 gangliosides, however, it did not display GM1 mimicry as assessed in blotting studies but was shown in NMR to resemble asialo-GM1. The production of multiple LOS forms and lack of GM1 mimicry was not a result of phase variation in the genes tested of NCTC 11168 and was also observed in most of the human and chicken isolates of C. jejuni tested. Conclusion The presence of differing amounts of LOS forms at 37 and 42°C, and the variety of forms observed in different strains, indicate that LOS form variation may play a role in an adaptive mechanism or a stress response of the bacterium during the colonization of different hosts.