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Technological and climatic factors significantly influence the expression of quality and quantity properties of spring wheat. This study aims to quantify the effects of weather conditions and fertilizer systems on spring wheat yield, quality (protein content), and physiological indicators (leaf vapor pressure deficit, evapotranspiration, surface temperature of the flag leaf) and to identify a suitable spring wheat genotype for the Transylvanian Plain. The experimental factors were: Y represents the year (Y1, 2019; Y2, 2020); F represents the fertilizer variant (F1, a single rate of fertilization: 36 kg ha−1 of nitrogen; F2, two rates of fertilization: 36 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 72 kg ha−1 of nitrogen; F3, two rates of fertilization: 36 kg ha−1 of nitrogen + 105 kg ha−1 of nitrogen); and S represents the genotype (S1, Pădureni; S2, Granny; S3, Triso; S4, Taisa; S5, Ciprian; and S6, Lennox). This multifactorial experiment with three factors was conducted on Phaeozem soil. Regardless of weather conditions, fertilization with N100–110 at the head swollen sheath (stage 10, Feeks Growth Scale for Wheat) is deemed the most suitable variant because it yields an average grain yield of 5000 kg ha−1 of good quality (13.84% protein) with a considerable flag leaf area (29 cm2) where physiological processes can optimally support the well-being of the spring wheat plants. Beyond this level of fertilization, the average grain yield tends to plateau, but the protein content considerably increases by 13–23%, depending on the genotype. High yields were achieved in the Lennox and Triso genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change has become the biggest global challenge, being a real danger especially for crops and an inevitable threat to food security. This paper presents the results of a study conducted in the Transylvanian Plain during 2012–2021, regarding the influence of climatic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, water reserve in the soil and hours of sunshine, on the development stages and yield of maize. During 2012–2021, the soil water reserve determined for maize cultivation was above the minimum requirements (1734.8 m3 ha−1) in the spring months, but fell below this limit in the months when the water consumption for maize was the highest, but without reaching the withering index (1202.8 m3 ha−1). The hours of sunshine in the maize vegetation period have been significantly reduced from 1655.5 h (2012) to values between 1174.6 and 1296.7 h, with a significant decrease in this parameter being observed. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.51) shows the importance of rainfall during the period of emergence of reproductive organs in maize production. During 2019–2021, there was a decreasing trend of temperatures in May compared to the multiannual average of this month, and therefore the processes of emergence and growth of plants in the early stages were affected. During the period of the study, all parameters analyzed (temperature, rainfall, water reserve in the soil, hours of sunshine) deviated from the multiannual average, with negative variations compared to the requirements of maize. Climatic conditions, especially during the growing season, have a significant influence on the yield of a crop, especially when the interaction between several parameters is manifested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of monitoring the thermal and hydric regime of the soils from the Someşan Plateau is to set up the evolution tendency of pedoclimate parameters and to establish the agrotechnical measures in order to adapt agricultural technologies to climate changes. Romania is among the areas with the lowest capacity to adapt to existing climate changes and to those which are going to come and the Someşan Plateau is among the most affected areas due to the reduced degree of afforestation and the lack of forest curtains. Monitoring and variability of climate elements was achieved during 2013-2018, through a network of 10 HOBO microstations which stored soil temperature data electronically (at 10, 30, 50 cm deep) and air (at 1 m height), soil moisture (at 10 cm depth) and rain gauges. The thermal regime of the soils from the Some an Plateau is mesic, with values of the annual average temperature of the soil 50 cm deep ranging between 8-15°C, and the differences between the average of summer temperatures and the average of winter temperatures are higher than 6°C at 50 cm depth (the difference ranging between 10.3-15.6°C). The annual values of the soil humidity ranged between 0.153-0.344 m3/m3. The annual average of the air temperature during 2013-2018 ranged between 9.21-11.03°C. The annual average of rainfall ranged between 476.3-879.4 mm/an. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent research at a national and international level in the field of agrotechnics has as a main objective the optimization of soil functions and the preserve of soil and water resources by applying systems of conservative agriculture, securing the crop productivity under efficiency and efficacy conditions. The aim of the paper is to know the impact the soil tillage system and graduation of quantity of vegetal debris have upon the soil moisture and temperature as well as upon the production of maize and soybean crop. The research was made in the experimental field organized at the Agricultural Research and Development Station Turda (ARDS Turda). The experience was placed on a chernozem, during 2015-2018, trifactor type. The rotation is soybean-wheat-maize, the results presented in the paper were obtained in the agricultural year 2015-2016, in the maize crop, and 2017-2018 in the soybean crop. The experimental factors established were: Factor A - Crop: a1 - soybean; a2 - wheat; a3 - maize; Factor B - Soil tillage system: b1 - conventional system: reverse plough + disk 2x + sowed + fertilized (witness); b2 - conservative system with minimum tillage: chisel + rotary harrow + sowed + fertilized; b3 - conservative system with direct sowing (sowed - fertilized - herbicides); Factor C - Vegetal debris: c1 - 60% (3 t/ha); c2 - 80% (4 t/ha); c3 - 100% (5 t/ha). The soil temperature was influenced a little by the soil tillage system, but the influence is significant in the case of vegetal debris. The moisture results show significant differences, ensured statistically in the case of direct sowing, as the quantity of vegetal debris increases. The soil moisture was higher when the crops were sowed and during the first phases of vegetation, then the differences decreased in time. Maize and soybean reacted better to soil loosening, mobilizing the soil fertility and mineralization of nutritive substances, ensuring a higher production in the conventional tillage system. The aim of applying conservative agricultural practices is to accumulate, preserve and value efficiently the water coming from rainfall in order to protect the soil and to avoid desertification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The desire for sustainable agriculture has begun to spread in the las decades. The main issues of growing strawberries in organic system are represented by the control of diseases and pests and weeds control. Their appearance and development is directly influenced by agro-climatic factors, being, in this case, necesarry to use the most effective techniques and methods to control them. Thus, for the control of weeds the soil was mulched with black plastic. The soil temperature and humidity was monitorized in fieldd and tunnel using two HOBO microstations. The sensors were placed at 10-15 cm depth. In field were registered the rainfalls and air temperature at a heigh of 1m. Durring the study (March-June 2018), the highest values of soil temperature and moisture were recorded in tunnel. From phytosanitary point of view, the fluctuations of agro-climatic factors influenced both the variety and the amount of strawberries affected by fungal diseases. The highest quantity of strawberries was affected in field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agrotechnical characterization of lands from the Somean Plateau targets the knowledge of their restrictions and limitations with the purpose to determine the needs and possibilities of increasing the production capacity, under the conditions of a durable agriculture. The purpose of the paper is the technological characterization of lands and the specification of agrotechnical measures to set up durable agricultural technologies, the determination of indices of characterization of rain aggressiveness (Fournier Index, Modified Fournier Index, Angot Pluviometric Index), of the best sowing time and the amount of active biological temperatures, as well as the degree of water ensurance of plants during the vegetation period. Monitoring and variability of climate elements was achieved during 2014-2018, through a network of 10 HOBO microstations, which store soil temperature data electronically (at 10, 30, 50 cm deep) and air (at 1 m hight), soil moisture (at 10 cm depth) and rain gauges. According to the values of the Fournier Index, 31.81% of the soils fit in low risk of rain erosivity. At the same time, the values of the Modified Fournier Index in most of the stations are between 90-120 and fit in a moderate rain risk of aggressiveness. The percentage analysis of the values of this index shows that 12.5% of the values crorespond to a low rain risk of aggressiveness, 58.33% of the values correspond to a moderate rain risk of aggressiveness and 29.16% of the values correspond to a high rain risk of aggressiveness. From the percentage analysis of averages of monthly values of the Angot Index it results that 54.9% of the values are subunit and 45.1% of the values are over unity, indicating the fact that drought intervals prevail over rain ones. The analysis of the best sowing time leads to the recommendation to maintain the reference intervals for the Somean Playeau, thus: maize, 10-25 April; potato, 10-30 March; clover, 1-10 March. An increase of the amount of active biological degrees and the need to remake the zoning of favorability conditions for certain crops, according to the new microclimate conditions of the area is registered. When it comes to the degree of water ensurance of plants during the vegetation period for the main crops, one can notice that during 2014-2018, in the case of spring row crops, the water need was ensured during an optimal interval of 57.14% from the vegetation period in the case of maize, of 53.49% in the case of potato, of 53.57% in the case of clover and of 47.67% in the case of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the experimental results on the influence of different soil tillage systems and technological subsystems on the production and conversion efficiency, on the energy invested in the winter wheat crop cultivated in the Transylvanian Plain. The methodology was based on an econometric model, taking into account the combination of production factors and their limited character, as well as the two aspects of economic activity, to maximize profit and to minimize effort. The results show that by practising reduced tillage and no-tillage, the total power consumption can be reduced by 7.8%, and 12.4%, respectively, compared to the conventional system in the case of winter wheat. Up to the sowing phase (including) a decrease of 59.5% fuel consumption per hectare was achieved in the case of reduced tillage compared to the conventional system and a decrease of 78.7% fuel consumption in the no-tillage system. The highest average production was obtained whilst using the reduced tillage, followed by the one from the conventional and no-tillage systems. The highest degree of total energy efficient use (REE=5.84) as well as the highest net energy (EN) were obtained in the reduced tillage system, followed by the no-tillage. The econometric analysis shows that any additional energy consumption of input factors in the conventional system, like human labor requirement, energy incorporated in machinery and fuel consumption had negative effects on yield and leads to a comedown of the economic and energetic balance. The aforemention factors had the following negative values of elasticity coefficients: -0.5264, -0.5965 and -0.2629. The chemical fertilizers (+0.3237) and chemicals (+0.1074) had positive effects on the wheat yield. Surprisingly, the effect of seeds was not significant. The highest quantity of energy spent for the production of winter wheat was indirect and non-renewable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The developing sustainable agriculture (ecological) promoting sustainable production systems, diversified and balanced, in order to prevent the pollution of the crop and the environment. In order to extend the system of sustainable agriculture in the Republic of Moldova, national legislation has been established on the production, processing and capitalizing on agri-food products and special attention is given to soil quality - plant life. The aim and tasks of rural research were to: Determine the washed soil mass on the slopes based on the average statistical parameter data depending on the chemical properties (humus content) and make the necessary calculations. From the analysis of the data on soil losses through washing it is observed that they are in close connection with the degree of erosion. By comparing these data to the result we obtained: not eroded soil - 92 cm; poorly eroded soil - 76 cm; moderately eroded soil - 47 cm; strongly eroded soil - 40 cm; mollic delluvial soil - 132 cm; typical delluvial soil - 193 cm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transylvanian Plain (TP), with an area of 395,616 hectares, is considered as an area with a lowest capacity to adapt to existing climate change. In these conditions, for a better sustainable development of agricultural technologies, the deployment of measures to adapt to these changes and climate monitoring are essential. Purpose of this paper is to analyse and monitor the agro-climatic indicators between 2009-2016 and the data obtained will be the basis for the technological development of the recommendations adapted to the current favourable conditions. For the study we used 10 HOBO microstations located in TP that record the temperature of the soil at 10 cm, 30 cm and 50 cm depth, the soil humidity at 10 cm depth, the air temperature at 1 m and rainfall. In TP between 2009-2016, the multiannual average of temperature at 10 cm depth in soil is 11.50°C, respectively 11.47°C at 50 cm depth in soil and the multiannual average of soil moisture is 0.223 m3/m3. The multiannual average of rainfall is 514.29 mm. Results highlight evolution of agroclimatic indicators in TP in the period 2009-2016. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ecological frame from the Transylvanian Plain is given by the existence of interaction among a great number of factors, of which two are very important for the agroechosystem: i) the first is the thermal background with high time variations and low rainfall, characteristics which impose significant restrictions for crop plants; ii) and the second is the hill orography, with slope fields. The purpose of the research made is to establish the influence of the soil tillage system (conventional and no-tillage), the fertilization system and the phytosanitary treatments applied, on the accumulation and water preservation in the soil, on the degree of weeds in the case of autumn wheat crop and the production. The restoration of water reserve in the soil in the no-tillage system is more reduced than in the conventional system, but also the loss of water in the conventional system is as rapid. This loss of water is due to a more intense water evaporation in the conventional system, without vegetal debris at the surface. The degree of weeds in the case of wheat in the conventional system (with plowing) during the experiment (2012-2016) is more reduced compared to the no-tillage system. The average production of wheat recorded in the no-tillage system during the five experiment years is 6234 kg/ha, compared to the average production obtained in the conventional system, that is 6162 kg/ha, which indicates the suitability of its cultivation in the no-tillage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is one of the most important factors influencing agricultural production, by natural energy flows blocking the work of the plant systems. Human activity, primarily the use of fossil fuels as the main energy source, contributes with over 40% increase greenhouse gas emissions. The principles of conservation agriculture include practices that retain soil undisturbed, conservation of soil fertility, minimum loss of organic matter and reduce the amount of water lost from the soil, conservation and use of water by plants spread throughout the growing season. The purpose of this paper is researching the influence of the minimum tillage systems application and climate conditions on the momentary soil moisture reserves and yield in the case of pea crops. The experimental factors were: factor A - tillage system, a1 = classical tillage system (with plowing), a2 = minimum tillage system (chisel variant), a3 = no-tillage system (direct sowing); factor B - experimental years, b1 = 2014, b2 = 2015, b3 = 2016. The afila pea variety cultivated was Tudor. Momentary soil moisture reserves were determined by the oven drying method. The average annual temperature increased during 2014-2016 by 0.9-2.0°C from the annual average of the past 59 years of 9.1°C recorded at the Meteorological Station Turda. Rainfall monthly registered over the three years were higher than the average on 59 years by 127.6 mm in 2015, 227.9 mm in 2014 and 303.2 mm in 2016. Soil reserve moisture determined between March and July at pea crop was higher in 2016 both the depth of 0-20 cm and 0-50 cm, the pea yield was 4210 kg/ha, compared to 2015 when the moisture reserve was close to the minimum limit and the yield obtained was 2360 kg/ha. Momentary soil moisture reserves calculated on 0-20 cm and 0-50 cm of depths were influenced by the soil tillage processing, in the minimum tillage systems and no-tillage the momentary soil moisture reserves are preserved better than in the classical tillage system. Reserve momentary soil moisture and pea yield are influenced by climate conditions and the processing of soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last years, in the Romanian agricultural practice, the alternatives of soil minimum tillage and no-tillage are very much applied in the winter wheat crop. During droughty autumns, when the soil is very dryand we can't have any plowing or the result of plowing would beclods very hard to chop, preparing the field by minimum tillage or direct sowing are prefered to plowing in order not to delay the wheat sowing, but also from an economic point of view. The paper presents the influence of thesoil tillage (conventional and no-tillage), of the fertilization systemand of the agricultural year (expressed by different climate conditions), on the soil humidity, production andeconomic efficiency in the winter wheat crop. The experience was polyfactorial, placed on a Faeoziom type of soil from the Transylvanian Plain (the average multiannual temperature of 9.1°C and average multiannual rainfall of 518.6 mm). The wheat crop responded favourably to the no-tillage technology, the production registered (6285 kg/ha) is very close to the one obtained in the conventional system (6320 kg/ha). The no-tillage system has the advantage of a better water preserve in the soil, which can be used in stages by the plants during drought seasons. Additional wheat fertilization (with N40) brings a production increase of 111 kg/ha. The economic efficiency of the no-tillage system results mainly from the reduced fuel consumption (approximately by 50%) and the reduced number of tillage, which determines a reduction by 19.2% of the total technological expenses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tranyilvanian Plain is considered as an area with a low capacity to adapt to climate changes, monitoring the climate and implementing the adaption measures being essential for the development of certain durable agricultural technologies. The monitoring and variability of climate elements were achieved during 2008 (March) - 2014, through a network of 10 HOBO stations which store soil temperature data electronically (at 10, 30, 50 cm deep) and air (at 1 m hight), soil moisture (at 10 cm depth) and are equipped with rain gauges. The purpose of the paper is to establish the tendency in the evolution of the soil thermal and hydric regime, to predict and identify the climate tendencies from the Transylvanian Plain. The thermal regime of soils in this area is mesic, the differences between the annual averages of summer temperatures and the average of winter temperatures 50 cm deep in the soil are ranging between 12.81- 20.01°C. The evolution of temperatures at the soil level during 2008-2014 indicate the clear tendencies of rising temperatures at the soil surface (0 cm). The coefficients of linear correlation among the data lines analyzed indicate a rising synchronous evolution of the annual average temperature, with values of the correlation indices of 0.52-0.81. The same linear tendency in evolution of rising of the annual average temperature is recorded also in the case of temperatures from 10 cm and 30 cm deep in the soil. The evolution of temperatures in the air during 2008-2014 shows slightly rising evolutionary tendencies. The evolution of rainfall during 2008-2014 shows a falling linear tendency of them, the highest values of the annual average is recorded in 2010 (631 mm), and the lowest quantities of rainfall were recorded in 2012 (263.9 mm). The value of the correlation coefficient associated to the falling evolution tendency of rainfall is r = -0.51. The multiannual average of rainfall from the Transylvanian Plain is 466.52 mm. From the analysis of the statistical relation between rainfall and soil moisture, the calculated correlation coefficient has a value of r = 0.92 which indicates a direct and positive causal relation between the two parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is one of the most important cultivated plants, with great nutritional weight. The wide surfaces on which it is seeded, as well as people's concern regarding the wheat cultivation, are due to certain factors: the high level of the grains in carbon hydrates and proteins; the long conservation of the grains; the big ecological plasticity, being cultivated in areas with very different climates and soils; the possibility of integral mechanization of the crop etc.. Through the experiment done at SCDA Turda, we are following the behaviour of certain inland autumn wheat varieties, in comparison to varieties of foreign origin, in order to make certain recommandations regarding their pretability to various soil tillage systems and levels of fertilization in the region of the Transylvanian Plain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Transylvanian Plain (TP) is a geographical region located in north-central Romania and is bordered by large rivers to the north and south, the Someş and the Mureş, respectively. The TP is 395,616 ha and ranges from 231-662 m in elevation, with some of the highest elevations occurring in the NW region. Contrary to the name, the TP consists of rolling hills with patches of forests located on the tops of hills. Soil temperatures of the TP were evaluated using a set of 20 datalogging stations positioned throughout the plain. Soil temperatures were monitored at the surface and at depths of 10, 30, and 50 cm. Soil moisture was monitored at 10 cm. The presence of the Carpathian mountains ring and the arrangement, almost concentric, of the relief from Transylvanian Depression, determines the development of a zonal sequence of soil types, a horizontal zonality as a direct influence of lithology and indirect of the relief, by changing climate and vegetation. Diversity of the pedogenetical factors - highly fragmented relief, forest and herbaceous vegetation grafted on a lithological background predominantly acid in the north - west and predominantly basic in south - est, parent rock composition and especially their combination in the contact zones, have conditioned in this hilly area of TP a tessellated soil cover. During soil pedogenesis, soil properties and features developed in response to differential lithology and macro/microrelief. Evaluated soils were found to largely be a complex mix of Cernisols, Luvisols and Antrisols. Soil temperatures of the TP are mesic, with small differences between the northern and southern extents. However, differences in seasonal warming and cooling trends across the plain were noted. These have important implications for planting recommendations. Recorded data allow us to say that towards the optimal sowing period known from the literature, during 2010, for all cultures were recorded minimum temperatures for germination with approx. 5-10 days earlier. The optimum sowing period was recorded 15 days earlier at soybeans, with 10-12 days earlier at corn and beans, 2-3 days earlier at potato, sunflower and sugar beet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil tillage systems can be able to influence soil compaction, water dynamics, soil temperature and yield crop. These processes can be expressed as changes of soil microbiological activity, soil respiration and sustainability of agriculture. This work had as objectives: to assess the effects of tillage systems on compaction, temperature, soil moisture and soil respiration as well as establishing the effect of the changes on the production of wheat, maize and soybeans. The study was conducted on an argic-stagnic Faeoziom. Minimum Tillage (MT) and No-Tillage (NT) application reduce or completely eliminate the soil mobilization, due to this, soil is compacted in the first years of application. The degree of compaction is directly related to soil type and its state of degradation. The state of soil compaction diminishes over time, tending toward a specific type of soil density. Soil moisture was higher in NT and MT at the time of sowing and in the early stages of vegetation, then the differences diminishes over time. Moisture determinations show significant differences, statistically insured. MT and NT systems reduce the thermal amplitude in the first 15 cm of soil and increase soil temperature by 0.5-2.2°C. Water dynamics and soil temperature showed no differences that could affect crop yields. The determinations confirm the effect of soil tillage system on soil respiration; the daily average is lower at NT (315-1914 mmoli m-2s-1), followed by MT (318-2395 mmoli m-2s-1) and is higher in the Conventional System (CS; 321-2480 mmol m-2s-1). Productions obtained at MT and NT don't have significant differences at wheat and are higher at soybean. The differences in crop yields are recorded at maize and can be a direct consequence of loosening, mineralization and intensive mobilization of soil fertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on conservative agriculture, determined as minimal soil tillage, no tillage and enduring soil cover (mulch) together with rational rotations, as to achieve a more sustainable cultivation system for the future, in the context of the global warming and the permanent increase of population. Both farming and tillage play important roles in the agricultural systems. The conservative tillage systems in agriculture appeared in the U.S. and have developed in different ways, adapted to climatic zones and are considered unconventional or for soil conservation systems. Our research shows an improvement on conservative tillage, where no tillage, mulch and rotations significantly improve soil properties and other biotic factors also reducing the CO2 emissions. Advantages of conservative tillage systems are represented by improving soil physics and excellent control of soil erosion, accumulation and water retention in the soil, reduced labor and fuel costs and in some cases even increased productivity. In the conservative tillage systems, land must be covered with plant debris at a rate of 15-30%, and in minimal tillage system with crop residue mulch, coverage exceeds 30%. In the no tillage system, sowing is done directly in the stubble or on a ground covered with plant debris from the preceding plant, using precision machinery. The paper concludes that a conservative tillage system is a more environmentally friendly and sustainable management system for cultivating crops. Case studies from all over the world show that when using conservative agriculture for most of the crops we get a raise production sustainably and profitably. Advantages in terms of greenhouse gas emissions and their effect on global warming are also taken into consideration. These systems also have a big disadvantage, high consumption of herbicides for weed control. An increased attention for direct seeding requires preventive plant protection characters. Seeds must be treated with insecticide-fungicide and soil requires more herbicide than for the classic systems with plough. The paper concludes that farming and agriculture in the next decade will have to produce more food from less or the same land through more efficient management of natural resources and with less impact on the environment in order to sustain the permanent growing population demands. Promoting and adopting conservative agriculture management systems can help meet this goal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge about the influence that soil tillage has on the agricultural production and profit has been the permanent concern of both scientific research and farmers. Soil tillage has an evident impact on the soil and production, but without a constant value and a certain size, as the relation with the surrounding environment always interferes, especially the weather conditions, the status of the ecological determinants and the cultivated technology applied. The crop level depends on the degree to which each factor and all of them together come close to the optimum values requested by the biology of the plants, so that the corn production recorded in the experimental years in the area of the Somesan Plateau is connected to the soil tiling system and the climatic conditions. This paper follows the line of the present and future attempts of transforming the technologies by the rationalization of some of their components, respectively by replacing one soil tilling system with another one, with the final purpose of preserving the soil and obtaining efficient and sufficient productions. The high balance of soil tillage expenses in the corn culture technology motivates the rationalization of the soil tillage with the purpose of reducing the fuel consumption and introducing new soil tillage alternatives with the chisel, paraplow and rotary harrow which lead to making the cultivation technology more productive, an increase in profit for the surface unit and a decrease of the production costs in the area. The new soil tilling systems recommended for different climate and soil areas and actual local conditions constitute alternatives which eliminate the risk factors and their negative consequences on the agricultural agro-ecosystems. The increase in the fuel prices and the necessity of reducing the energetic input with the purpose of increasing the economic efficiency of the soil cultivation was another cause which led to major changes in the concept of soil tillage. This paper is designed as an experiment with the four tilling systems in which the production and economic efficiency is observed for corn, which has the highest balance in the area in the arid years conditions which we have been facing lately. The analysis of the corn production by the tillage system confirms the above mentioned, with productions between 3656 hg/ha and 4504 kg/ha. The analysis of the recorded corn production confirms the inefficiency of the use in the conditions of the Somesan Plateau of the rotary harrow and chisel, as highly significant negative differences with limits between 583-738 kg/ha have been recorded comparatively to the classical plowing alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]