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Expandir as matrículas nos cursos técnicos é um desafio ao mesmo tempo histórico e urgente da educação brasileira. Apesar dos muitos esforços empreendidos durante décadas, a magnitude da educação profissional ainda ocupa níveis muito inferiores às reais demandas da sociedade. Entre aqueles que se dedicam à modalidade, restam divergências acerca de como equacionar deve ser utilizada para equacionar de vez esse problema educacional. Tomando como referência o Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), os autores defendem que a desejada expansão deve seguir o caminho indicado pelas 14 estratégias que compõem a Meta 11 do PNE. A partir dessa inferência, são realizadas análises sobre cada uma das estratégias, buscando aferir os seus graus de desenvolvimento e as limitações que impedem as suas plenas implementações. Por fim, à luz dos resultados alcançados, é sugerido um conjunto de ações que buscam otimizar o efeito desejado das políticas públicas, atualizando o debate educacional.

The practice of surgical castration of piglets and its alternatives is still under debate. Production of boars may impair meat quality due to boar taint and reduced tenderness compared to meat from surgically castrated male pigs, while immunocastration reduces boar taint and may improve meat quality but seems to be less accepted by the pig chain. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the consumer’s sensory appreciation of meat from barrows (BAs), immunocastrates (ICs) and boars (BOs) in six European countries, taking into account the selection of tainted carcass and consumers’ appreciation of boar taint. Loin chops of 30 BAs, 30 ICs and 30 BOs were evaluated by 752 consumers in six countries: Belgium, Czech Republic, Poland, Portugal, Romania and Spain. Consumers rated odour, flavour, tenderness, juiciness, overall liking and willingness to buy and sensitivity to and liking of androstenone (AND) and liking of skatole (SKA) was also tested. In each of the six countries, consumers liked the odour of the BO samples less than that of BA, and IC intermediate. For flavour, tenderness, juiciness, overall liking and willingness to buy, liking scores given by the Czech, Polish and Portuguese consumers significantly differed between the BA, BO and IC. Willingness to buy was highest for BA by Czech and Polish consumers and for BA and IC by Portuguese consumers. The frequency of the negative check all terms that apply terms also differed, with a higher frequency of disgusting for BO compared to BA and IC and of off-flavour, irritating, manure, sweat, disappointing compared to BA, and intermediate for IC. 31% of the consumers disliked the odour of AND (NEGAND), and 36% of them were not sensitive; in contrast, 77% of the consumers disliked SKA (NEGSKA). The decrease in flavour liking score for BO compared to BA and IC was more outspoken by the NEGAND consumer, while NEGSKA consumers gave an overall lower liking score independent of the type of male pig. The results of this study indicate that IC can be a valid alternative for surgical castration. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

O estudo analisou as estratégias da Meta 10 do Plano Nacional de Educação (PNE), vis-à-vis os programas que buscam responder aos principais desafios estabelecidos por ela e que correspondem em grande parte, aos seus direcionamentos, como o Programa Nacional de Integração da Educação Profissional com a Educação Básica na Modalidade de Educação de Jovens e Adultos (Proeja), o Programa Nacional de Inclusão de Jovens (Projovem) e o Programa Nacional de Acesso ao Ensino Técnico e Emprego (Pronatec), e contribuir com a reflexão sobre os desafios de universalização da educação básica e de elevação da escolaridade da população brasileira. As estratégias da Meta alinham-se às diretrizes do PNE: universalização do atendimento escolar; superação das desigualdades educacionais, com ênfase na promoção da cidadania e na erradicação de todas as formas de discriminação; melhoria da qualidade da educação; formação para o trabalho e para a cidadania, com ênfase nos valores morais e éticos em que se fundamenta a sociedade. A Meta 10 propõe oferecer, no mínimo, 25% das matrículas de educação de jovens e adultos (EJA), nos ensinos fundamental e médio, na forma integrada à educação profissional e apresenta um baixo desempenho desde o início do Plano, alcançando apenas 1,8% em 2020. Assim, o texto analisa as estratégias buscando compreender como esse percentual poderia ser ampliado.

Submitted by Ana Jorge (ana.jorge@esa.ipsantarem.pt) on 2018-07-20T09:22:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Revista_Suinicultura_Teste_Performance_MA_7_2018.pdf: 253595 bytes, checksum: e425036147f02ad1ffdcd08794e73464 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2018-07-20T09:23:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Revista_Suinicultura_Teste_Performance_MA_7_2018.pdf: 253595 bytes, checksum: e425036147f02ad1ffdcd08794e73464 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

IDEA '15 held at HiPEAC 2015, Amsterdam, The Netherlands on January 21st, 2015 is the rst workshop on Investigating Data ow in Embedded computing Architectures. This technical report comprises of the proceedings of IDEA '15. Over the years, data ow has been gaining popularity among Embedded Systems researchers around Europe and the world. However, research on data ow is limited to small pockets in dierent communities without a common forum for discussion. The goal of the workshop was to provide a platform to researchers and practitioners to present work on modelling and analysis of present and future high performance embedded computing architectures using data ow. Despite being the rst edition of the workshop, it was very pleasant to see a total of 14 submissions, out of which 6 papers were selected following a thorough reviewing process. All the papers were reviewed by at least 5 reviewers. This workshop could not have become a reality without the help of a Technical Program Committee (TPC). The TPC members not only did the hard work to give helpful reviews in time, but also participated in extensive discussion following the reviewing process, leading to an excellent workshop program and very valuable feedback to authors. Likewise, the Organisation Committee also deserves acknowledgment to make this workshop a successful event. We take this opportunity to thank everyone who contributed in making this workshop a success.

Trickle is a polite gossip algorithm for managing communication traffic. It is of particular interest in low-power wireless networks for reducing the amount of control traffic, as in routing protocols (RPL), or reducing network congestion, as in multicast protocols (MPL). Trickle is used at the network or application level, and relies on up-to-date information on the activity of neighbors. This makes it vulnerable to interference from the media access control layer, which we explore in this paper. We present several scenarios how the MAC layer in low-power radios violates Trickle timing. As a case study, we analyze the impact of CSMA/CA with ContikiMAC on Trickle's performance. Additionally, we propose a solution called Cleansing that resolves these issues.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art, data flow-based techniques for the analysis, modeling and mapping technologies of concurrent applications on multi-processors. The authors present a flow for designing embedded hard/firm real-time multiprocessor streaming applications, based on data flow formalisms, with a particular focus on wireless modem applications. Architectures are described for the design tools and run-time scheduling and resource management of such a platform. ? Provides a comprehensive overview of the complete design trajectory, based on data flow programming and analysis for multiprocessor systems; ? Describes modeling techniques, with an emphasis on different data flow models for budget schedulers and the modeling of different schedulers; ? Discusses other relevant data-flow models of computation, such as cyclo-static data flow and variable-rate data flow; ? Includes other analysis and scheduling techniques, such as simulation-based throughput analysis and scenario-aware data flow analysis.

Entre Junio a Diciembre del año 1995, se estudiaron a 233 trabajadoras sexuales legales con control sanitario y 171 trabajadoras sexuales clandestinas que evaden dicho control sanitario, quienes fueron atendidas en el Centro de Salud Antivenéreo de Lima con la finalidad de investigar la frecuencia de las infecciones gonocócicas en estos grupos de población y detectar cepas de Neisseria gonorrhoeae productoras de beta-lactamasa. Se encontró diferencia significativa (p=0,014) entre las frecuencias de aislamiento del gonococo procedente de las trabajadores sexuales legales, 1,72% (4/233), en comparación con lo encontrado en las clandestinas, 7,02% (12/171). Del total de las cepas aisladas de N. gonorrhoeae, el 37,5% (6/16) resultaron ser productoras de beta-lactamasa. Between June a December 1995, two hundred thirty-three commercial sex workers (CSW) with update health certificates and 171without were examined at the STD clinic in order to assess current gonococcal infection frecuency and detect beta-lactamase producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae. The findings showed a significant difference (0,014) between the frequency of isolation of gonococcus from legal CSW. Four out of 233 legal CSW were positive to Neisseria gonorrhoeae (1,72%) in contrast to 12 out of 171 illegal ones (7,02%) and only the 37,5% (6/16) of the total number of strains isolated were positive beta-lactamase producing.

Articles in International Journals The aims of the study were 1) to investigate effects of a low protein diet on fatty acids content and composition of the LM and subcutaneous adipose tissue in 3 genetically diverse breeds, Large White × Landrace, Alentejano, and Bizaro, and 2) to determine whether the effect of the low protein diet of fatty acid composition is associated with dietary modulation of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) protein expression. The experiments were conducted on 12 Large White × Landrace, 12 Alentejano, and 10 Bízaro female and male pigs. The average animal BW at the beginning of experiments was 40.8, 40.7, and 38.3 kg for Large White × Landrace, Alentejano, and Bízaro, respectively, and the BW of animals at slaughter was 90 kg. The diets contained 202 or 169 g/kg DM of CP (high and low protein diets, respectively) and were balanced in essential AA. The diets were fed until the animals reached 90 kg BW (approximately 73 d). It was established that Large White × Landrace pigs had a less (P = 0.001) total fatty acid content in subcutaneous adipose tissue when compared with Alentejano and Bízaro and less (P < 0.001) intramuscular fat (IMF) content when compared with Alentejano. There was a positive relationship between SCD protein expression in the LM and MUFA content (r = 0.627, P = 0.029) and SCD protein expression and total muscle fatty acids content (r = 0.725, P = 0.008) in Large White × Landrace but not in Alentejano and Bizaro breeds. It has been suggested that SCD protein expression is associated with regulation of fat deposition only in breeds with genetic predisposition to a low IMF content.

On a multi-radio baseband system, multiple independent transceivers must share the resources of a multi-processor, while meeting each its own hard real-time requirements. Not all possible combinations of transceivers are known at compile time, so a solution must be found that either allows for independent timing analysis or relies on runtime timing analysis. This thesis proposes a design flow and software architecture that meets these challenges, while enabling features such as independent transceiver compilation and dynamic loading, and taking into account other challenges such as ease of programming, efficiency, and ease of validation. We take data flow as the basic model of computation, as it fits the application domain, and several static variants (such as Single-Rate, Multi-Rate and Cyclo-Static) have been shown to possess strong analytical properties. Traditional temporal analysis of data flow can provide minimum throughput guarantees for a self-timed implementation of data flow. Since transceivers may need to guarantee strictly periodic execution and meet latency requirements, we extend the analysis techniques to show that we can enforce strict periodicity for an actor in the graph; we also provide maximum latency analysis techniques for periodic, sporadic and bursty sources. We propose a scheduling strategy and an automatic scheduling flow that enable the simultaneous execution of multiple transceivers with hard-realtime requirements, described as Single-Rate Data Flow (SRDF) graphs. Each transceiver has its own execution rate and starts and stops independently from other transceivers, at times unknown at compile time, on a multiprocessor. We show how to combine scheduling and mapping decisions with the input application data flow graph to generate a worst-case temporal analysis graph. We propose algorithms to find a mapping per transceiver in the form of clusters of statically-ordered actors, and a budget for either a Time Division Multiplex (TDM) or Non-Preemptive Non-Blocking Round Robin (NPNBRR) scheduler per cluster per transceiver. The budget is computed such that if the platform can provide it, then the desired minimum throughput and maximum latency of the transceiver are guaranteed, while minimizing the required processing resources. We illustrate the use of these techniques to map a combination of WLAN and TDS-CDMA receivers onto a prototype Software-Defined Radio platform. The functionality of transceivers for standards with very dynamic behavior – such as WLAN – cannot be conveniently modeled as an SRDF graph, since SRDF is not capable of expressing variations of actor firing rules depending on the values of input data. Because of this, we propose a restricted, customized data flow model of computation, Mode-Controlled Data Flow (MCDF), that can capture the data-value dependent behavior of a transceiver, while allowing rigorous temporal analysis, and tight resource budgeting. We develop a number of analysis techniques to characterize the temporal behavior of MCDF graphs, in terms of maximum latencies and throughput. We also provide an extension to MCDF of our scheduling strategy for SRDF. The capabilities of MCDF are then illustrated with a WLAN 802.11a receiver model. Having computed budgets for each transceiver, we propose a way to use these budgets for run-time resource mapping and admissibility analysis. During run-time, at transceiver start time, the budget for each cluster of statically-ordered actors is allocated by a resource manager to platform resources. The resource manager enforces strict admission control, to restrict transceivers from interfering with each other’s worst-case temporal behaviors. We propose algorithms adapted from Vector Bin-Packing to enable the mapping at start time of transceivers to the multi-processor architecture, considering also the case where the processors are connected by a network on chip with resource reservation guarantees, in which case we also find routing and resource allocation on the network-on-chip. In our experiments, our resource allocation algorithms can keep 95% of the system resources occupied, while suffering from an allocation failure rate of less than 5%. An implementation of the framework was carried out on a prototype board. We present performance and memory utilization figures for this implementation, as they provide insights into the costs of adopting our approach. It turns out that the scheduling and synchronization overhead for an unoptimized implementation with no hardware support for synchronization of the framework is 16.3% of the cycle budget for a WLAN receiver on an EVP processor at 320 MHz. However, this overhead is less than 1% for mobile standards such as TDS-CDMA or LTE, which have lower rates, and thus larger cycle budgets. Considering that clock speeds will increase and that the synchronization primitives can be optimized to exploit the addressing modes available in the EVP, these results are very promising.

Energy efficient execution of applications is important for many reasons, e.g. time between battery charges, device temperature. Voltage and Frequency Scaling (VFS) enables applications to be run at lower frequencies on hardware resources thereby consuming less power. Real-time applications have deadlines that must be met otherwise their output is devalued. Dataflow modelling of real-time applications enables off-line verification of the application's temporal requirements. In this paper we describe a method to reduce the combined static and dynamic energy consumption using a Dynamic VFS (DVFS) technique for dataflow modelled real-time applications that may be mapped onto multiple hardware resources. We achieve this by using an application's static slack in order to perform DVFS while still satisfying the application's temporal requirements. We show that by formulating a dataflow modelled application and its mapping as a convex optimisation problem, with energy consumption as the objective function, the problem can be solved with a generic convex optimisation solver, producing an energy optimal constant frequency per application task. Our method allows task frequencies to be constrained such that, e.g. one frequency per application or per processor may be achieved.

Beyond multi-standard operation, SDR for consumer handsets must also aim at multi-radio operation: supporting e.g. HSPA, DVB-T, and WLAN active simultaneously on a shared hardware platform ("radio computer"). In essence, we propose an SDR operating system that provides a virtual platform for individual radios. By means of a technology demonstrator we address dynamic multi-radio operation, incl. key challenges such as unifying critical interfaces, resource management under real-time constraints, and efficiency.

International audience