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Copyright of Ido Movement for Culture. Journal of Martial Arts Anthropology is the property of Idokan Poland Association and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: Effective recovery monitoring is crucial to optimise performance and prevent overreaching, injuries, and over-training. This study evaluated the heart rate cost (HRC) during submaximal running as a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective tool to assess recovery after a high-intensity training session. Methods: Fifteen male recreational runners (aged 18–31 years) participated in this investigation. Assessments included anamnesis, blood tests (CPK, cortisol, testosterone), body composition analysis, blood pressure, heart rate (HR), heart rate variability (HRV), pain scale, vertical jump (VJ), and a 6-minute submaximal running test to determine HRC (HR/running velocity). Afterwards, participants completed a high-intensity training session, consisting of six 1-minute treadmill runs and 10 strength exercises in a circuit format. Results: HRC increased 24 h post-training, indicating higher physiological cost, but significantly decreased after five days of recovery (p = 0.044). VJ performance returned to normal after five days compared to 24 h post-training (p = 0.013), with a significant correlation between the delta reduction in HRC and performance recovery on VJ (r = –0.689). No significant changes were found in the testosterone/cortisol ratio or HRV (HRV) (p > 0.05), likely due to the fact that these variables reflect chronic stress more than acute stress. CPK levels mirrored HRC and VJ trends, worsening 24 h post-training and improving after five days (p = 0.01). Conclusions: HRC proved effective in distinguishing recovery status after high-intensity training, showing sensitivity comparable to VJ and CPK measurements. These findings are relevant for researchers, coaches, and athletes in daily recovery assessments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The validity of rating of perceived exertion (RPE) in predicting lactate threshold during an incremental test was analyzed in 15 men with type 2 diabetes (M age=53.4 yr., SD=12.9). Blood glucose, lactate, and minute ventilation (VE)/V[O.sub.2] responses identified the lactate, ventilatory, and glucose thresholds. Workloads (W) corresponding to RPEs 12, 13, 14, and 15 were determined. Second-order polynomials fit to VE/W and [lac]/W ratios corresponding to RPEs of 9-10, 12-13, and 16-17 also identified workloads above which there was an overproportional increase in VE and [lac]. These workload breakpoints did not differ, although at RPE 12 underestimated and at RPE 15 overestimated lactate threshold. RPE 13 and 14 and the responses of VE/W and [lac]/W to submaximal exercise accurately predicted lactate threshold. DOI 10.2466/06.13.15.27.PMS.111.5.365-378

The aim of this study was to analyze the physiological responses to a tap dance choreography and to compare with those observed during a maximal treadmill exercise test, in tap dancers. Eight women (19.6 [+ or -] 2.4 years; 162.3 [+ or -] 4.4 cm; 54.0 [+ or -] 2.3 kg; 20.5 [+ or -] 1.4 kg x [m.sup.2(-1)]; and 5.1 [+ or -] 2.6 years of tap dance training) were submitted to the following procedures: (a) graded exercise test (GXT) on a treadmill until volitional exhaustion with 0.8 km x [h.sup.-1] of increment at each 3 and 1 minute of interval between stages and (b) tap dance choreography (TAP)--'The Shim Sham Shimmy'--consisting of 9 stages of 3 minutes with 1-minute rest between stages. Expired gas analyses were performed in all experimental sessions, providing breath-by-breath values for respiratory exchange rate (RER), oxygen uptake ([[??]o.sub.2]), and carbon dioxide production (C[O.sub.2]). Heart rate (HR) and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) were also measured. During the rest period between stages, blood samples (25 [micro]l) were collected from the ear lobe for lactate threshold (LT) determination. It was observed that at the end of the TAP, subjects achieved an average of 83.8 [+ or -] 6.2% of the HRmax and 68.9 [+ or -] 11.3% of the [[??]o.sub.2]max, both previously identified in the GXT. The choreography demanded 204.7 [+ or -] 31.3 kcal, an average RER of 0.88 [+ or -] 0.05 and mean RPE of 13 [+ or -] 2. The [[??]o.sub.2], HR, and RPE values did not significantly differ from those at the LT intensity identified during the GTX. Based on the present results, it was concluded that the TAP performance in the 'The Shim Sham Shimmy' choreography elicited acute physiologic responses similar to those observed at the LT intensity, thus suggesting that Tap Dance constitutes a useful exercise modality for aerobic fitness and cardiovascular health improvements. KEY WORDS dancing, blood lactate, oxygen consumption, heart rate, rating of perceived exertion

This study analyzed the postexercise blood pressure (BP) after resistance exercise (RE) on middle-aged type-2 diabetic (T2DM, n = 10, 46.6 [+ or -] 13.1 years) and nondiabetic subjects (NDM, n = 10, 52.0 [+ or 0] 13.2 years). Participants performed (a) 1 repetition maximum (1RM) strength test; (b) 3 laps in an RE circuit of 6 exercises (16 repetitions at 43% 1RM); (c) 3 laps in an RE circuit (30 repetitions at 23% 1RM); and (d) a control session. The blood lactate concentration ([lac]) (YSI 2700S) and BP (Microfife BP3AC1-1) were measured pre-exercise, after exercise, and at each 15 minutes during the 120 minutes of recovery. Analysis of variance with Bonferroni as a post hoc evidenced that the 43% 1RM session elicited the highest [lac] response for both NDM (7.8 [+ or 0] 1.8 vs. 6.4 [+ or -] 1.8 mmol x [L.sup.-1]; p < 0.05) and T2DM (7.0 [+ or -] 1.4 vs. 5.6 [+ or -] 1.6 mmol x [L.sup.-1]; p < 0.05). Also, the 43% 1RM session promoted a significant postexercise hypotension (PEH) of systolic blood pressure (SBP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP), whereas the 23% 1RM did not. The highest BP reductions for T2DM and NDM after 43% 1RM were, respectively, 9.5 [+ or -] 11.1and 11.0 [+ or -] 7.1 mmHg for SBP and 6.4 [+ or -] 7.8 and 7.7 [+ or -] 7.9 mmHg for the MAP (p [less than or equal to] 0.05). The PEH of SBP lasted longer (120 minutes) for NDM than for T2DM (90 minutes). The PEH may be associated with [lac] elevation, and the lower hypotensive effect presented by T2DM may be related to endothelial dysfunction usually observed in diabetic individuals. In conclusion, the RE of higher intensity, performed in ~25-minute duration, was more efficient at promoting PEH which, in turn, suggests its use on BP control for middle-aged T2DM and NDM subjects with characteristics similar to those of our participants. KEY WORDS resistance exercise, diabetes, blood pressure control, postexercise hypotension, blood lactate

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this study was to compare different methods to identify the lactate threshold (LT) and glucose threshold (GT) on resistance exercise for individuals with type 2 diabetes. Nine men with type 2 diabetes (47.2 [+ or -] 12.4 years, 87.6 [+ or -] 20.0 kg, 174.9 [+ or -] 5.9 cm, and 22.4 [+ or -] 7.2% body fat) performed incremental tests (ITs) on the leg press (LP) and bench press (BP) at relative intensities of 10, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90% of one-repetition maximum (1 RM) at each 1 -minute stage. During the 2-minute interval between stages, 25 [micro]l of capillary blood were collected from the earlobe for blood lactate [Lac] and blood glucose [Gluc] analysis (YS12700S). The LT in the LP and BP was identified at IT by the inflexion in [Lac] response as well as by an equation originated from a polynomial adjustment (LTp) of the [Lac]/% 1RM ratio responses. The lowest [Gluc] during the IT identified the GT. The analysis of variance did not show differences among the 1RM at the thresholds identified by different methods in the LP ([LT.sub.Lp] = 31.0% [+ or -] 5.3% 1RM; [GT.sub.LP] = 32.1% [+ or -] 6.1% 1RM; LT[p.sub.LP] = 36.7% [+ or -] 5.6% [+ or -] 1RM; p > 0.05) and BP ([LT.sub.BP] 29.9% [+ or -] 8.5[+ or -] 1RM; [GT.sub.BP] = 32.1% [+ or -] 8.5% 1RM; LT[p.sub.BP] = 31.8% [+ or -] 6.7% 1 RM; p > 0.05). It was concluded that it was possible to identify the LT and GT in resistance exercise by different methods for individuals with type 2 diabetes with no differences between them. The intensities (kg) corresponding to these thresholds were between 46% and 60% of the body weight on the LP and between 18% and 26% of the body weight on the BP, in which the exercise prescription would be done to this intensity in 3 sets of 20 to 30 repetitions each and 1 minute of rest while alternating the muscle groups for blood glucose control for individuals with characteristics similar to the participants. KEY WORDS anaerobic threshold, prescription of resistance exercise, glucose control

As part of the International Sexuality Description Project, a total of 17,804 participants from 62 cultural regions completed the Relationship Questionnaire (RQ), a self-report measure of adult romantic attachment. Correlational analyses within each culture suggested that the Model of Self and the Model of Other scales of the RQ were psychometrically valid within most cultures. Contrary to expectations, the Model of Self and Model of Other dimensions of the RQ did not underlie the four-category model of attachment in the same way across all cultures. Analyses of specific attachment styles revealed that secure romantic attachment was normative in 79% of cultures and that preoccupied romantic attachment was particularly prevalent in East Asian cultures. Finally, the romantic attachment profiles of individual nations were correlated with sociocultural indicators in ways that supported evolutionary theories of romantic attachment and basic human mating strategies. Keywords: romantic attachment; culture; internal working models; human mating strategies