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Aim: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of subgingival ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with essential oils (EOs) of residual periodontal pockets. Material and methods: Sixty-four individuals with chronic periodontitis were invited to participate in this randomized, double-blind, parallel, and placebo-controlled clinical trial. All subjects received non-surgical periodontal therapy. After reevaluation (baseline), residual pockets (pocket depth ≥5 mm) received test (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with EOs) or control therapy (ultrasonic instrumentation irrigated with negative control). Probing pocket depth (PPD), gingival recession (R), clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), and plaque were assessed at baseline and after 4, 12, and 24 weeks. Differences between groups and changes over the course of time were analysed according to a generalized linear model. Results: There was a significant reduction in PPD and BOP, as well as a significant CAL gain in the two groups (p<0.001). Nevertheless, there were no differences between the groups at any time of the study. When only initially deep pockets (PPD ≥7 mm) were analysed, a significantly greater CAL gain (p=0.03) and PPD reduction (p=0.01) was observed in the test group. Conclusion: The adjunctive use of EOs may promote significant CAL gain and PPD reduction in deep residual pockets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Severe gingival overgrowth (CO) is induced in patients taking cyclosporin A (CsA) following organ transplantation. Determining which patient will develop GO is still not possible. The purpose of this study was to establish an association between CsA and gingival overgrowth in heart transplant patients taking into account periodontal and microbiological conditions. Methods: Thirty patients (10 female, 20 male; range: 13 to 67 years: mean age: 44.39) undergoing CsA treatment were evaluated using the gingival index (GI), plaque index (PI), probing depth (PD), and clinical attachment level (CAL). Subgingival samples collected from the deepest site of each quadrant and saliva samples were submitted to microbial analysis. All patients had at least 12 teeth. Exclusion criteria were the use of antibiotics and/or having undergone periodontal treatment 6 months prior to the study. Patients were divided in two groups: with gingival (GO+) and without gingival overgrowth (GO-). Results: There were no statistically significant differences between the GO+ and GO- groups when CsA dosage, time since transplant. GI, PI, PD, and CAL were compared. Microbiological examination of the subgingival samples detected the following microorganisms: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (23%), Porphyromonas gingivalis (36%), Prevotella intermedia (93%), Fusobacterium sp. (66%), Campylobacter rectus (30%), Micromonas micros (66%), enteric rods (0%), and yeasts (30%). A positive association between M. micros and the GO+ group was found (P <0.001). Yeasts were detected in 30% of the subgingival and saliva samples. Conclusions: Clinical parameters were not sufficient to determine which patients would develop GO. However, colonization by M. micros might play a role in the etiology of GO. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]