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This letter discusses a study conducted on preschool children with recurrent wheeze or asthma who were hospitalized for a severe exacerbation. The study aimed to investigate the presence of rhinovirus viremia during these exacerbations and its association with clinical characteristics and immune profiles. The results showed that rhinovirus viremia was detected in 34.3% of patients, and those with viremia were more likely to be male and less likely to be under maintenance treatment with inhaled corticosteroids. Additionally, certain cytokine levels in sputum were found to be higher in patients with viremia. However, there was no difference in cytokine levels in plasma based on viremia status. The study suggests that respiratory viral infections, particularly RV-C infections, may have a more pronounced effect on the epithelial barrier integrity and may be associated with specific inflammatory profiles. However, further research is needed to fully understand the long-term consequences and clinical implications of viremia in children with asthma. [Extracted from the article]

Although rhinoviruses play a major role in exacerbations of childhood asthma, the presence of rhinovirus (RV) RNA in plasma, referred to as viremia, has been investigated in a few studies. The aim of the study was to investigate the presence of rhinovirus viremia at the time of asthma exacerbation and to describe the molecular characteristics of rhinoviruses associated with viremia. We conducted an observational, prospective, multicenter study in eight pediatric hospitals (VIRASTHMA2). Preschool‐aged recurrent wheezers (1–5 years) hospitalized for a severe exacerbation were included. Reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) and molecular typing for RV/enteroviruses (EV) were performed on nasal swabs and plasma. Plasma specimens were available for 105 children with positive RT‐PCR for RV/EV in respiratory specimens. Thirty‐six (34.3%) had positive viremia. In plasma, 28 (82.4%) of the typable specimens were RV‐C, five (14.7%) were EV‐D68, and one was RV‐A (2.9%). In all cases, the RV/EV type was identical in the plasma and respiratory specimens. In conclusion, RV/EV viremia is frequent in severe exacerbations of preschool recurrent wheezers, particularly in RV‐C infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Sr-substituted LaMnO3 perovskite (LSM) and yttria-stabilized zirconia mixture was investigated by thermodynamic calculations to understand the factors affecting the stabilities of La2Zr2O7 and SrZrO3, the two zirconates. at different conditions in solid oxide fuel cell. Two sets of independent experimental investigations were done: (i) The thermodynamic stabilities of the two zirconates in N2 and air to simulate the phase equilibria at different conditions. The experimental data proved that thermodynamic calculations were reliable and they can be used to provide guidance to reduce/prevent the formation of the two zirconates. (ii) The stabilities ot zirconates with LSM made by fusion and conventional methods were compared in air and N2. The fused LSM powders from Saint-Gobain show less zirconate phase formation in all conditions than in conventional synthesis methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]