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The main cytoskeletal proteins, such as vimentin, actin and tubulin have rearrangements during insulin-stimulated that induces the plasma membrane distribution and rearrangements after adipose tissue growth. Recently has been described in several mammalian tissues, the septins such as a new component of the cytoskeleton. The aim of this study was characterize the expression and regulation of septin 11 (SEPT11) in human adipose tissue in an obesity and insulin resistance state. Paired samples from 64 patients were used obtained the omental and subcutaneous adipose from these samples. Adipocytes contributed to overall expression of Septin11 in adipose tissue and this protein show a caveolar distribution in fat cells. A direct relationship of SEPT11 with caveolin-1 in fat cells. During adipogénesis change the SEPT11 distribution from filaments to rings. SEPT11 was regulated by lipolytic (isoproterenol), proinflammatory (TNF-α and lipopolysaccharide) and lipogenic (insulin) stimuli in human adipocytes. Accordingly, SEPT11 was associated to the obesity and adipocyte size in visceral fat and to insulin resistance biomarkers in subcutaneous adipose tissue. All of this suggest that, SEPT11 constitutes a novel cytoskeletal protein in human adipocytes strongly influenced by obesity. These results show a new understanding of the cytoskeleton remodeling during the obesity and insulin resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]