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×Butyagrus nabonnandii (Prosch.) Vorster is known as mule palm due to sterility, but recently, its pollen has been successfully used in backcrosses. It was first described as an artificial cross between Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman and Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick in 1890. It has been considered rare in nature, and its morphology has been little studied. Thus, we aimed to verify if ×B. nabonnandii is sterile by studying its morphology and seed germination from different natural populations. The hybrid was sampled in four municipalities and is new to three of these. In one of the visited cities, 20 specimens were counted. The vegetative morphology showed less variation than the reproductive. However, part of the vegetative characters differed from previous descriptions relying solely on cultivated specimens. Contrary to previous reports, our data indicate that ×Butyagrus nabonnandii is neither rare nor infertile. Seed germination rates of ×B. nabonnandii are low due to seed predation by beetle larvae and seedless fruit production, which is also observed in the genera of the parental species. Furthermore, as in its parents, the morphology of the hybrid is complex, and future anatomical and molecular approaches are important for a better delimitation and understanding of the biology of ×B. nabonnandii. Resumo ×Butyagrus nabonnandii (Prosch.) Vorster é conhecida como palmeira-mula por ser considerada estéril, apesar de ter sido utilizada com sucesso em retrocruzamentos. O híbrido resulta do cruzamento entre Syagrus romanzoffiana (Cham.) Glassman e Butia odorata (Barb.Rodr.) Noblick, é tido como raro e possui morfologia pouco estudada. Objetivou-se estudar a morfologia de ×B. nabonnandii e verificar sua esterilidade através da germinação de suas sementes a partir de diferentes populações naturais. O híbrido foi registrado em quatro municípios sendo, em três desses, de ocorrência inédita. Em um dos municípios visitados, foram contabilizados 20 espécimes. A morfologia vegetativa apresentou menor variação do que a reprodutiva. Entretanto, parte dos caracteres morfológicos vegetativos diferem do descrito na literatura para espécimes cultivados. Nossos dados indicam que além de não ser raro, o híbrido é fértil. As taxas de germinação das sementes de ×B. nabonnandii são baixas devido à predação das sementes por larvas de besouros, além da produção de frutos sem sementes, o que também ocorre nos gêneros das espécies progenitoras. Além disso, assim como em seus parentais, a morfologia do híbrido é complexa, sendo importantes futuros estudos anatômicos e moleculares para uma melhor delimitação e compreensão da biologia de ×B. nabonnandii.

A collection of 30 melon introgression lines (ILs) was developed from the wild accession Ames 24297 (TRI) into ‘Piel de Sapo’ (PS) genetic background. Each IL carried an average of 1.4 introgressions from TRI, and the introgressions represented 91.4% of the TRI genome. Twenty-two ILs, representing 75% of the TRI genome, were evaluated in greenhouse (Algarrobo and Meliana) and field (Alcàsser) trials, mainly to study traits related to domestication syndrome such as fruit weight (FW) and flesh content (FFP), as well as other fruit quality traits as fruit shape (FS), flesh firmness (FF), soluble solid concentration (SSC), rind color and abscission layer. The IL collection showed an impressive variation in size-related traits, with FW ranging from 800 to 4100 g, reflecting the strong effect of the wild genome on these traits. Most of the ILs produced smaller fruits compared with PS; however, unexpectedly, the IL TRI05-2 produced bigger fruits, likely due to new epistatic interacions with the PS genetic background. In contrast, the genotypic effect for FS was smaller, and few QTLs with notable effects were detected. Interestingly, variability was also observed for FFP, FF and SSC, rind color and abscission layer formation. Genes in these introgressions are candidates for having been involved in melon domestication and diversification as well. These results confirm that the TRI IL collection is a very powerful tool for mapping traits of agronomic interest in melon, allowing the confirmation of previously reported QTLs and the identification of new ones to better understand the domestication process of this crop. Esta investigación ha sido financiada por las ayudas ID2020-116055RB-C22, RTI2018-097665-B-C22, AGL2015-64625-C2-2-R, financiadas por MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 y por "ERDF A way of making Europe" de la Unión Europea, así como por los proyectos PROMETEO para grupos de investigación de excelencia 2021/072 financiados por la Conselleria de Innovación, Universidades, Ciencia y Sociedad Digital (Generalitat Valenciana, España). exotic germplasm Piel de Sapo fruit morphology quality QTL transgressive segregation Published

Bactris maraja is a palm typical of upland and lowland forests in the Amazon. Knowledge about the species’ morphology can assist in the correct identification in the field and in the interpretation of germination in the laboratory. The objective of this work was to describe the chronological and morphological patterns of germination and seedling development. The seeds were sown in vermiculite, in nursery. Samples were collected from the different stages of the seedling for further morphological analysis. The anatomical study was performed using sections of material fixed in neutral buffered formalin and preserved in 70% ethanol, stained with astra blue and safranin and observed in optical microscope. Germination is cryptocotyledonary, hypogeal and adjacent ligular, starting at 152 days with the emission of the short cotyledonary petiole. The protrusion of the primary root occurred at 197 days. The expansion of the eophyll occurred at 250 days, with a bifid and spinous leaf blade, an epidermis with tetracytic stomata, tectorial trichomes and collateral vascular bundles. The primary root has thick epidermis, thin cuticle, sclerenchymatic and parenchymal cortex, conspicuous endoderm; vascular cylinder with sclerenchyma medulla, exarco primary xylem, with protoxylem with polyarc arrangement. The characterized structures expand the taxonomic knowledge of palm species. Bactris maraja é uma palmeira típica de florestas de terra firme e várzea da Amazônia. O conhecimento sobre a morfologia da espécie pode auxiliar na correta identificação em campo e na interpretação da germinação em laboratório. O objetivo deste trabalho foi descrever os padrões cronológicos e morfológicos da germinação e do desenvolvimento da plântula. As sementes foram semeadas em vermiculita, em viveiro, sendo coletadas amostras dos diferentes estádios da plântula para posterior análise morfológica. O estudo anatômico foi feito por meio de secções de material fixado em formalina neutra tamponada e conservado em etanol 70%, coradas com azul de astra e safranina e observadas em microscópio óptico. A germinação é criptocotiledonar, hipógea e adjacente ligular, iniciando aos 152 dias com a emissão do pecíolo cotiledonar curto. A protrusão da raiz primária ocorreu aos 197 dias. A expansão do eofilo ocorreu aos 250 dias, com limbo bífido e espinuloso, epiderme com estômatos tetracíticos e tricomas tectores, e feixes vasculares colaterais. A raiz primária tem epiderme espessa, cutícula delgada, córtex esclerenquimático e parenquimático, endoderme conspícua; cilindro vascular com medula esclerenquimática, xilema primário exarco e protoxilema com arranjo poliarco. As estruturas caracterizadas ampliam o conhecimento taxonômico de espécies de palmeiras.

The Peyssonneliaceae represents the only family in the order Peyssonneliales, a clade of red encrusting algae distributed worldwide, including 136 species in eleven currently accepted genera. Delineation of genera in the Peyssonneliaceae has mostly been based on vegetative characteristics. Previous molecular phylogenies have shown that some traditionally circumscribed genera are not monophyletic and relationships among them are uncertain. We contribute to the knowledge of the evolutionary history of this clade, presenting a robust rbcL phylogeny that provides new insights on the origin and diversification of the Peyssonneliales. Based on a broad dataset and morphological analyses, we propose a revised taxonomic scheme for the Peyssonneliales resolved as monophyletic with well-supported main lineages. Our results show that Peyssonnelia is polyphyletic, and, therefore, we propose three new genera, Agissea, Olokunia, and Rhodowynnea to accommodate species currently assigned to Peyssonnelia, but distantly related to the clade with the type species of the genus. Additionally, barcoding techniques and analyzed criteria for specific delimitation supported the establishment of one new genus, Brasilophycus, and seven new species, from northeastern Brazil: Agissea amadoi, A. densissima, A. taberniforma, A. villatlantica, A. yemonjasagbae, Brasilophycus similis, and B. roseomarginatus. Our integrative taxonomic approach reveals underestimated diversity of Brazilian Peyssonneliales. Investment in broader sampling along the Brazilian coast and other tropical areas may reveal that its marine biodiversity can be expanded, enlightening our knowledge about this ecologically important group of red algae.

Flowers of Meliaceae are traditionally described as bisexual, but functionally unisexual flowers have been reported for many genera. For Trichilia, several reproductive systems have been previously reported: subdioecy, gynodioecy, polygamy and hermaphroditism. The aim of this study was to analyze the occurrence of floral dimorphism and sexual-functional aspects of the flower of Trichilia claussenii. Structural and developmental analyses of flowers of Trichilia claussenii were performed using light and electron microscopy. In addition, male and female function of flowers was investigated through pollen viability and stigma receptivity tests, hand pollination and seed germination. Two floral morphotypes were identified in Trichilia claussenii: one morphologically male with a reduced gynoecium and the other morphologically female with anthers which do not release pollen. In the supposedly male flower, anthers are well developed and produce viable pollen grains. A conspicuous nectary disk differentiates at the base of the gynoecium, and the ovary has small ovules; however, our study proved that this ovary develops into a fruit, which contains viable seeds. In contrast, the supposedly female flower has larger gynoecium and ovules, and the nectary is smaller and inconspicuous. The stamens of female flowers have inviable pollen grains due to a tapetal necrotic product that keeps them united into an amorphous mass within the anthers. Male flowers are geitonogamous. Our results demonstrate that Trichilia claussenii exhibits subtle sexual floral dimorphism with female flowers and bisexual flowers distributed in different individuals. Our results indicate that male sterility occurs in only one morphotype; therefore, the species is gynodioecious.

The Rutaceae Juss. is a plant family known as a producer of bioactive compounds, comprising several species used for disease treatment in folk medicine. Among Rutaceae genera, Esenbeckia Kunth includes 28 species distributed from Mexico through Argentina and in the West Indies. Some species such as E. alata (Triana) Triana & Planch., E. febrifuga (A.St.-Hil.) A.Juss. ex Mart. and E. yaaxhokob Lundell are used as medicines to treat fever and gastrointestinal disorders. To date, almost 50 studies provided phytochemical data and biological activities from 19 species of Esenbeckia. A comprehensive review of the current state of knowledge of the genus is discussed in this article. A total of 180 compounds distributed into alkaloids, phenolic derivatives (mostly coumarins and flavonoids), steroids and terpenoids were summarized. Moreover, this survey provides data about cytotoxic, antiplasmodial, leishmanicidal, larvicidal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities found in compounds, fractions and extracts of Esenbeckia, highlighting its potential as a producer of bioactive metabolites. In addition, the use of compounds as chemophenetic characters is evaluated into the genus.

The subfamily Barnadesioideae (Compositae) is endemic to South America, comprising 10 genera and 80 species of mostly spiny herbs, subshrubs, shrubs, trees, or woody vines distributed from Venezuela to Argentina. Three genera, Dasyphyllum (27 species), Chuquiraga (22 spp.) and Barnadesia (19 spp.) contain 85% of the species, while the other seven genera (Archidasyphyllum, Arnaldoa, Doniophyton, Duseniella, Fulcaldea, Huarpea, and Schlechtendalia) are represented by up to three species each. Most species are found in xeric areas in the Andean and Patagonian regions—as in the Páramos, Puna and Patagonian steppe vegetation—with a secondary center of diversity in eastern South America. Previous phylogenetic hypotheses have clarified the relationships within the subfamily, showing that there are many non-monophyletic groups in different taxonomic ranks. As a result, taxonomic changes have been proposed over recent decades in order to reflect classifications comprising only monophyletic groups. In the present study, we provide a generic synopsis of the subfamily Barnadesioideae based on the most recent generic circumscriptions, including a key, expanded morphological descriptions, information on geographical distribution and habitat, photographs and taxonomic notes for all genera.

The Sapindales comprise one of the hallmark orders in the Neotropics, being an important component of forested and open formations, especially in Brazil. In recent decades, there have been many efforts made to unravel the Brazilian flora and its distribution; among them is the Brazilian Flora 2020 Project, the main goal of which was to produce updated monographs about Brazilian plant groups. In this work, we present a synthesis of the occurrence and distributions of species and genera of Sapindales in Brazil, noting species endemic to the country, as well as the prevalence of the order in Brazilian phytogeographic domains and vegetations. We have shown that Brazil has 1003 native species in 119 genera of six families of Sapindales, with 388 (43%) species endemic to the country, and the Rutaceae and Sapindaceae families being the richest in species, genera and endemics. Diverse species and life forms are found in virtually all vegetations and phytogeographic domains, but mostly in rainforests of the Amazonian and Atlantic Forest domains. Life forms vary greatly across different families, with a prevalence of lianas in Sapindaceae and of trees in Rutaceae. We discuss our results in light of the current patterns of the families and their assemblage in different vegetation and pytogeographic domains of Brazil.

Knowing the characteristics of maize varieties becomes a strategy for an adequate crop planning, in order to extract the maximum agronomic power of each variety. The objective of this work is to know the morphophysiological and developmental parameters of maize varieties. The experiment was conducted in August 2021, in Faculdades Integradas Stella Maris (FISMA), located in the Municipality of Andradina, State of São Paulo. The design was entirely randomized, where six maize varieties were grown: XB 8010; AG 1051; Cateto Paraguay; Sweet Maize (Paraguay Soup); White Maize and Asteca Mole and with four repetitions, totaling 20 plots or pots. The hybrid varieties showed better development characteristics. The criolla variety Asteca Mole presented lower developmental characteristics. Stomatal density and functionality were expressed in an antagonistic way. Maize varieties did not present differences in internal morphology in the leaves. Correlations were found between the morphophysiological and developmental parameters in the maize varieties., Conhecer as características de variedades de milho torna uma estratégia para o um planejamento de adequado de safra, a fim de extrair o máximo do poder agronômica de cada variedade. O objetivo desse trabalho é conhecer os parâmetros morfofisiológicos e de desenvolvimento de variedades de milho. O experimento foi realizado em agosto de 2021, nas Faculdades Integradas Stella Maris (FISMA), localizada no Município de Andradina, Estado de São Paulo. O delineamento foi inteiramente casualizado, onde foram cultivadas seis variedades de milho: XB 8010; AG 1051; Cateto Paraguai; Milho Doce (Sopa Paraguai); Milho Branco e Asteca Mole e com quatro repetições, totalizando 20 parcelas ou vasos. As variedades híbridas apresentam melhores características de desenvolvimento. A variedade crioula Asteca Mole apresentou menores características de desenvolvimento. A densidade e funcionalidade estomática se expressaram de maneira antagônica. As variedades de milho não apresentaram diferenças na morfologia interna nas folhas. Foram encontradas correlações entre os parâmetros morfofisiológicos com os de desenvolvimento nas variedades de milho.

New segregates from the Neotropical genus Stryphnodendron (Leguminosae, Caesalpinioideae, mimosoid clade)

Homalolepis was described by Turczaninow in 1848 and reestablished by Devecchi et al. in 2018, enclosing mostly the extra-Amazonian species previously included in two sections of Simaba Aubl.. We performed the first cytogenetic analysis in Homalolepis and, by surveying chromosome numbers of other Simaroubaceae representatives, reconstructed the evolution of chromosome numbers in the family, using ChromEvol software. The four Homalolepis species showed 2n = 32 and two or four CMA+ bands. In situ hybridization showed a diverse distribution of ribosomal DNA sites (5S and 18S), positioned on the same chromosome pair in H. floribunda (A. St.-Hil.) Devecchi & Pirani or on different chromosome pairs in H. arenaria (Devecchi & Pirani) Devecchi & Pirani. The basic chromosome number here indicated for Simaroubaceae is x = 12, from which chromosome numbers of other genera were derived by ascending dysploidy, with polyploidy occurring in Ailanthus Desf. only. Homalolepis presents x = 16, derived by ascending disploidy.

Martinella Baill. is a genus of Neotropical lianas in tribe Bignonieae (Bignoniaceae). The genus is monophyletic and well supported by morphological and molecular characters. Members of Martinella are characterized by a continuous interpetiolar ridge surrounding the stem, bilobed or 4–5-parted calyces, and minute triangular prophylls of the axillary buds. Generic circumscription remained unchanged since the description of the genus, although unclear species limits remained. Based on extensive fieldwork, herbarium work, and a molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the genus, we here recognize five species of Martinella. Of these, three were recognized in earlier treatments for the genus, while two represent new species described here, Martinella lanuginosa Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, sp. nov. and Martinella tomentosa Kataoka & L.G.Lohmann, sp. nov.Martinella iquitoensis A.Samp. is treated as a synonym of M. insculpta Sprague & Sandwith. In addition, one second-step lectotype is designated for Bignonia martini DC., and neotypes are designated for Doxantha longisiliqua Miers and Martinella gollmeri K.Schum. This work provides a full taxonomic treatment for Martinella, including a complete list of synonyms, morphological descriptions, illustrations, photographs, distribution maps, conservation status, and comments for all five species recognized.

O trabalho teve como objetivo elaborar um jogo didático de morfologia vegetal. Para elaboração do jogo, foram utilizados materiais de fácil acesso e de baixo custo. A proposta pedagógica foi exposta em um evento, no qual os participantes observaram o jogo e realizaram considerações sobre o mesmo, como poder ser aplicado em qualquer modalidade de ensino e não somente para Educação do campo e que os próprios educandos podem elaborar esse material didático. Por fim, ressalta-se a necessidade do educador relacionar o conteúdo teórico com o contexto do educando, promovendo a valorização de suas origens e o sentimento de pertencimento.

Com o objetivo de caracterizar cinco cultivares e um novo genótipo de algodoeiro (Gossypium hirsutum L. r. latifolium Hutch) com respeito a variáveis morfológicas e agronômicas no município de Uberaba (MG), a técnica multivariada da análise de componentes principais foi aplicada. Para a realização do experimento utilizou-se o delineamento casualizado em blocos com seis tratamentos e quatro repetições, em que foram avaliadas as variedades Delta Opal (Delta and Pine), Delta Penta (Delta and Pine), BRS Cedro (EMBRAPA), IAC-25 (IAC), EPAMIG Precoce I e a progênie IAC-06/191 (IAC). As variáveis avaliadas foram: altura do primeiro ramo produtivo, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule na colheita, estande final, peso total de sementes, peso de 100 sementes, peso de um capulho, porcentagem de fibra, índice de fibra e produtividade. A análise de componentes principais possibilitou a visualização conjunta das variáveis avaliadas, sendo aquelas relacionadas à colheita mecânica e à produtividade as maiores responsáveis pela dispersão total dos dados. A linhagem BRS-Cedro demonstrou alta produtividade e aspectos positivos para a colheita mecânica, o que a coloca em destaque em relação a cada uma das outras linhagens. Já a progênie IAC-06/191 mostrou que favorecerá o bom desempenho das colhedoras, embora não tenha apresentado alta produtividade.

Capsicum chinense Jacq. “aji mochero” is cataloged a gastronomic heritage for its pleasant spicy or pungency degree that flavors many internationally recognized Peruvian dishes. The gastronomic boom in Peru has led to the export of many national inputs, including ají mochero. Therefore, many basic agronomic studies that provide information on the productive state of fruits and seeds of this crop are necessary. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to determine the morphometry of fruits and seeds of “ají mochero” C. chinense. For this, fruits from the Moche district, province of Trujillo, department of La Libertad were collected; in the laboratory, the weight of the fruit and pulp were evaluated, in addition to the length, width and number of seeds. A descriptive statistical analysis was performed with 50 repetitions for each component evaluated. The average fruit weight is 2.4 g and the average pulp weight is 2.1 g. The seed has an average length of 4.3 mm, and an average width of 1.4 mm. An average of 16.4 seeds per fruit were recorded. A high coefficient of variation and a high correlation (p < 0.01) were found between the evaluated parameters. It is concluded that the morphometry of fruits and seeds of “ají mochero” C. chinense differentiates it from other species and varieties such as C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. frutescens, and C. pubescens. This information is essential to promote its industrialization and support its designation of origin. Resumen Capsicum chinense Jacq. “ají mochero” es catalogado como patrimonio gastronómico de Perú por su agradable grado de picor, que condimenta numerosos platos reconocidos internacionalmente. El boom gastronómico en Perú ha conllevado a la exportación de diferentes insumos nacionales, incluyendo el ají mochero, por lo que se requieren estudios agronómicos que brinden información sobre el estado productivo de los frutos y las semillas de este cultivo. El estudio buscó determinar la morfometría de los frutos y las semillas de C. chinense “ají mochero”. Para ello, se recolectaron frutos procedentes del distrito de Moche (provincia de Trujillo, departamento de La Libertad) y en el laboratorio se evaluó el peso del fruto y de la pulpa, así como las dimensiones y el número de semillas. Se realizó un análisis estadístico descriptivo con 50 repeticiones por cada componente evaluado. El peso promedio del fruto fue de 2,4 g y el peso promedio de la pulpa, de 2,1 g. La semilla registró una longitud promedio de 4,3 mm y un ancho promedio de 1,4 mm, y se reportaron 16,4 semillas por fruto. Se identificó un alto coeficiente de variación y una alta correlación (p < 0,01) entre los parámetros evaluados. Se concluyó que la morfometría de los frutos y las semillas de C. chinense “ají mochero” permite diferenciar esta de otras especies y variedades como C. annuum, C. baccatum, C. frutescens y C. pubescens. Esta información es primordial para promover su industrialización y fundamentar su denominación de origen.

O cártamo (Carthamus tinctorius L.)é uma espécie que tem grande potencial de inserçãoem regiõesque sofrem com o estresse hídrico, devido suas condições de adaptabilidade,qualidadeseaplicações. Nesse sentido, este estudo objetivouidentificar acessos de cártamo compotenciais de adaptações às condições edafoclimáticas norte-mineiras, visando fomentar um programa de melhoramento.Paraisso, 10 acessos docártamoforam avaliadospor caracteres morfoagronômicos.Os caracteres avaliados foram a altura de plantas,matéria seca da parte aérea, diâmetro do caule,ramificação primariaesecundária,inflorescência,produçãode grãosea produção de óleo.Os dados experimentais foram submetidos à análise de variância,ao teste Scott-Knott,correlação linear de Pearsone agrupamento de otimização de Tocher. A herdabilidade (H²),os coeficientes de variação ambiental (Cve) e genética(Cvg) e a e relação Cvg/Cveforam estimados. Foipossível avaliar o potencial de produçãodas variedadesde cártamoe obter aseleção das variedadesdemaior potencial produtivopara as principais características. Tambémfoi possível selecionaroscaracteres com maior potencial ao melhoramento genético. O cártamo pode ser inseridonas condições norte-mineiras e se tornar uma espécie de importância econômica. Safflower(Carthamus tinctorius L.) is aspecies that has great potential forhydrical stressregions,due to its adaptability, qualities and applications.Therefore, this study aimed to identifysaffloweraccess with potential for adaptationat soil and climatic conditionsin northern Minas Geraisforfostering a breeding program.Thereunto, 10saffloweraccesswere evaluated bymorphoagronomic characters. Characters were plant height, shoot dry matter, stem dimeter,primary andsecondary branching, inflorescence, grain yield and oil production.The experimental data were submitted to analysis of variance,Scott-Knott,linear correlation of Pearson and Tocher optimization grouping.The heritability(H²), coefficients of environmentaland genetic variationand Cvg/Cve ratio were estimated. Evaluate the production potential of safflower varietiesandobtain the selection of the varieties with the greatest productive potential for the main characteristicswaspossible. Also,characters with the greatest potential for genetic improvement.Safflowercan be inserted at North ofMinasconditions and become aneconomic importancespecies.

Knowledge of how climatic conditions affect plant morphophysiology is essential for understanding how to manage the growth cycles of different crops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the growing seasons in a semi-arid area on the morphophysiological variables of ornamental sunflower plants. The experiment was carried out in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement with four replicates. Six cultivars (‘Bonito de Outono Sortido’, ‘Sol Noturno’, ‘Sol Vermelho’, ‘Jardim Amarelo Alto’, ‘Girassol F1 Sunbright Supreme’ and ‘Girassol F1 Vincents Choice’) were evaluated in the main plots and two different growing seasons (GS) in the subplots (GS1 - warm climate and GS2 - mild climate). Evaluations of gas exchange, chlorophyll indices, and leaf surface area were carried out at the reproductive stage (R5.5). The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers in semi-arid regions was significantly affected by the growing season. Changes in gas exchange variables and the morphophysiology of ornamental sunflower plants in the two growing seasons reflected the high phenotypic plasticity characteristic of this species. The cultivation of ornamental sunflowers under semi-arid conditions in the growing season, when air temperature and solar radiation are high, could be limited due to elevated transpiration rates. Therefore, it is recommended that they are grown mainly during the moderate climatic season in semi-arid regions. RESUMO O conhecimento de como as condições climáticas afetam a morfofisiologia das plantas é essencial para compreender como manejar os ciclos de crescimento das diferentes culturas. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de épocas de cultivo em condições semiáridas sobre os parâmetros morfofisiológicos e de trocas gasosas de plantas de girassol ornamental. O experimento foi conduzido no delineamento em blocos casualizados arranjado em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Foram avaliados seis cultivares (‘Bonito de Outono Sortido’, ‘Sol Noturno’, ‘Sol Vermelho’, ‘Jardim Amarelo Alto’, ‘Girassol F1 Sunbright Supreme’ e ‘Girassol F1 Vincents Choice’) na parcela principal e duas diferente épocas de cultivo (GS) nas subparcelas (GS1 - clima quente e GS2 - clima ameno). As avaliações de trocas gasosas, índices de clorofilas e área foliar foram realizadas na fase reprodutiva (R5.5). O cultivo de girassol de corte no semiárido é afetado significativamente pela época de cultivo. Mudanças nas variáveis de trocas gasosas e morfofisiologia das plantas de girassol ornamental em duas epócas de cultivo, refletem uma característica de alta plasticidade fenotípica dessa espécie. O cultivo de girassol ornamental sobre condições semiáridas em época de cultivo quando a temperatura do ar e radiação solar são altas, pode ser limitada devido às altas taxas de transpiração. Recomenda-se o cultivo de girassol ornamental em épocas de clima moderado em regiões semiáridas.

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2022-11-21T20:42:58Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Jone Clebson Ribeiro Mendes.pdf: 7227937 bytes, checksum: 29ccde3917767a624c591345a050e3b4 (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2022-11-21T20:42:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Jone Clebson Ribeiro Mendes.pdf: 7227937 bytes, checksum: 29ccde3917767a624c591345a050e3b4 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2022-02-25 Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq Phyllanthus has about 880 species, divided into 18 subgenera, 70 sections and 14 subsections, therefore, it is considered the largest and most diversified genus of Phyllanthaceae. Among the sections, Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus for being the largest comprising 45 species included in four subsections [Almadenses, Clausseniani, Niruri and Pentaphylli]. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani is referred to as exclusive to Brazil and until then, it was represented by 17 species, recognized by the peculiar morphology of its deeply emarginated anthers or with distinct and often spipitated teak, in addition to the 4-colporate pollen grains. Considering the morphological complexity, the imprecise interspecific limits and the nomenclatural and typification problems, this thesis aimed to review the morphological characters of the species of P. sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani in order to update his taxonomy. For this purpose, approximately 545 specimens from 57 national and international herbaria were analyzed, as well as material from expeditions carried out in different Brazilian regions. The results were organized into seven manuscripts, of which three were published, three are accepted and one will be submitted for publication. (1) In the first manuscript, six typifications were carried out, and a new synonymization, so that Phyllanthus atalaiensis becomes synonymous with P. heteradenius. (2) In the second manuscript, we suggest the conservation of the name Phyllanthus claussenii on P. udicola. (3) In the third manuscript, we bring to light the rediscovery of new Phyllanthus itatiaiensis individuals in the state of Rio de Janeiro after 50 years, as well as the expansion of its distribution to the state of Minas Gerais. (4) In the fourth manuscript, we update the geographic distribution and present new records of Phyllanthus allemii, a rare species from the Brazilian Cerrado. (5) In the fifth manuscript, we describe the new endemic species from Northeastern Brazil, Phyllanthus dardanoi. (6) In the sixth manuscript, we propose two new species endemic to the Brazilian Atlantic Forest, specifically from the Southeast region of Brazil. (7) The seventh manuscript deals with the review by P. sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani. In this manuscript, we suggest expanding the circumscription of the subsection from 17 to 27 species and updating its morphological concept. Additionally, we describe five new species (P. draconicaudus, P. hialinum, P. pedrosae, P. rupiculum e P. serranum), we chose two new synonyms for P. subemarginatus, as well as we proceeded with the lectotyping of P. blanchetianus and P. lagoensis. However, this work also brings complete descriptions, distribution maps, as well as records of new occurrences for some Brazilian states, as well as comments on ecology, phenology, conservation and taxonomic comments for species recognition. An identification key is added, along with previously unpublished illustrations and in situ photos, making identification more objective and accurate. Even so, pollen morphology, seed morphology and leaf blade clarification were useful to distinguish some species and also to characterize the subsection, even though they were not so informative for the distinction of many species. Phyllanthus apresenta cerca de 880 espécies, alocadas em 18 subgêneros, 70 seções e 14 subseções, logo, é considerado o maior e o mais diversificado gênero de Phyllanthaceae. Dentre as seções, destaca-se Phyllanthus sect. Phyllanthus por ser a maior comportando 45 espécies incluídas em quatro subseções [Almadenses, Clausseniani, Niruri e Pentaphylli]. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani é referida como exclusiva do Brasil e até então, estava representada por 17 espécies, reconhecidas pela morfologia peculiar de suas anteras profundamente emarginadas ou com tecas distintas e frequentemente estipitadas, além dos grãos de pólen 4-colporados. Considerando a complexidade morfológica, os limites interespecíficos imprecisos e os problemas nomenclaturais e de tipificação, a presente tese objetivou revisar os caracteres morfológicos das espécies de P. sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani a fim de atualizar sua taxonomia. Para tanto, foram analisados cerca de 545 espécimes oriundos de 57 herbários nacionais e internacionais, além de material proveniente de expedições realizadas em diferentes regiões brasileiras. Os resultados foram organizados em sete manuscritos, dentre os quais três foram publicados, três estão aceitos e um será submetido para publicação. (1) No primeiro manuscrito, foram procedidas seis tipificações, e uma nova sinonimização, de forma que Phyllanthus atalaiensis passa a ser sinônimo de P. heteradenius. (2) No segundo manuscrito, sugerimos a conservação do nome Phyllanthus claussenii sobre P. udicola. (3) No terceiro manuscrito, trazemos à tona a redescoberta de Phyllanthus itatiaiensis no estado do Rio de Janeiro após 50 anos, assim como a ampliação da sua distribuição para o estado de Minas Gerais. (4) No quarto manuscrito, atualizamos a distribuição geográfica e apresentamos novos registros de Phyllanthus allemii, uma espécie rara do Cerrado brasileiro. (5) No quinto manuscrito, descrevemos a nova espécie endêmica da região Nordeste do Brasil, Phyllanthus dardanoi. (6) No sexto manuscrito, propomos duas novas espécies endêmicas da Mata Atlântica brasileira, especificamente da região Sudeste do Brasil. (7) O sétimo manuscrito trata da revisão de P. sect. Phyllanthus subsect. Clausseniani. Neste manuscrito, sugerimos a ampliação da circunscrição da subseção de 17 para 27 espécies e atualização do conceito morfológico da mesma. Adicionalmente, descrevemos cinco novas espécies (P. draconicaudus, P. hialinum, P. pedrosae, P. rupiculum e P. serranum), elegemos dois novos sinônimos para P. subemarginatus, bem como procedemos as lectotipificações de P. blanchetianus e P. lagoensis. Contudo, este trabalho também traz descrições completas, mapas de distribuição, assim como registros de novas ocorrências para alguns estados brasileiros, além de comentários sobre ecologia, fenologia, conservação e comentários taxonômicos para o reconhecimento das espécies. Uma chave de identificação é acrescida, juntamente com ilustrações e fotos in situ inéditas, tornando a identificação mais objetiva e precisa. Ainda assim, a morfologia polínica, das sementes e a clarificação da lâmina foliar foram úteis para distinguir algumas espécies e também para caracterizar a subseção, mesmo que não tenham sido tão informativos para a distinção de muitas espécies.

Background and aims The petaline operculum that covers the inner whorls until anthesis and the woody capsule that develops after fertilization are reproductive structures of eucalypts that protect the flower and seeds. Although they are distinct organs, they both develop from flower buds and this common ontogeny suggests shared genetic control. In Eucalyptus globulus their morphology is variable and we aimed to identify the quantitative trait loci (QTL) underlying this variation and determine whether there is common genetic control of these ecologically and taxonomically important reproductive structures. Methods Samples of opercula and capsules were collected from 206 trees that belong to a large outcrossed F2E. globulus mapping population. The morphological variation in these structures was characterized by measuring six operculum and five capsule traits. QTL analysis was performed using these data and a linkage map consisting of 480 markers. Key results A total of 27 QTL were detected for operculum traits and 28 for capsule traits, with the logarithm of odds ranging from 2.8 to 11.8. There were many co-located QTL associated with operculum or capsule traits, generally reflecting allometric relationships. A key finding was five genomic regions where co-located QTL affected both operculum and capsule morphology, and the overall trend for these QTL was to affect elongation of both organs. Some of these QTL appear to have a significant effect on the phenotype, with the strongest QTL explaining 26.4 % of the variation in operculum shape and 16.4 % in capsule shape. Flower bud measurements suggest the expression of these QTL starts during bud development. Several candidate genes were found associated with the QTL and their putative function is discussed. Conclusions Variation in both operculum and capsule traits in E. globulus is under strong genetic control. Our results suggest that these reproductive structures share a common genetic pathway during flower bud development.

Published

El término “Kale” es utilizado para diferentes tipos morfológicos de Brassica Oleracea, con variaciones en la forma de las hojas y a veces descriptas como diferentes variedades. La popularidad y el consumo está aumentando debido a su alto valor nutricional, ya que se conoce su gran aporte de nutrientes y fitoquímicos promotores de la salud; como vitaminas, carotenoides, fibra, azúcares solubles, minerales, glucosinolatos y compuestos fenólicos. Como consecuencia de estar en auge su consumo, existe también una demanda por parte de los productores sobre prácticas de manejo del cultivo para incluirla en sus planteos productivos, especialmente en variedades de polinización abierta, que puedan adaptarse a cultivos con manejo agroecológico y bajo nivel de insumos externos ya que pueden reproducir su propia semilla. En la Estación experimental de Gorina se comenzó con Kale Ruso, evaluando en esta ocasión esta variedad a campo y bajo cubierta con el objetivo principal de conocer cómo se desarrolla el cultivo en la zona The word "Kale" is used for different morphological types of Brassica Oleracea, with variations in the shape of the leaves and sometimes described as different varieties. Its popularity and consumption is increasing due to its high nutritional value, since its great contribution of nutrients and health-promoting phytochemicals is known; such as vitamins, carotenoids, fiber, soluble sugars, minerals, glucosinolates and phenolic compounds. Because of its consumption being on the rise, there is also a demand of knowledge by producers for crop management practices, with the aim of including this leaf crop it in their production plans, especially in open-pollinated varieties, which can be adapted to crops with agroecological management and low levels of external inputs as they can reproduce their own seed. At Estacion Experimental de Gorina, en La Plata, we began evaluating the variety “Kale Ruso”, in the field and under greenhouse with the main objective of knowing how the crop develops in the area. EEA AMBA Fil: Sánchez, Emiliana. Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria. (INTA). Estación Experimental Agropecuaria Área Metropolitana de Buenos Aires. Chacra Experimental Integrada Gorina; Argentina Fil: Sánchez, Emiliana. Ministerio de Desarrollo Agrario de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Chacra Experimental Integrada Gorina; Argentina