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4. Status of the CANGAROO-III project

Author

Kubo, H., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G.V., Clay, R.W., Doi, Y., Edwards, P.G., Enomoto, R., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Sei., Itoh, C., Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Ksenofontov, L.T., Kurihara, T., Kurosaka, R., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Miyashita, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Ohishi, M., Okumura, K., Patterson, J.R., Protheroe, R.J., Sakamoto, N., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D.L., Tanimori, T., Tanimura, H., Thornton, G., Tokanai, F., Tsuchiya, K., Uchida, T., Watanabe, S., Yamaoka, T., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., and Yoshikoshi, T.

Published
2004
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5. Development of an atmospheric Cherenkov imaging camera for the CANGAROO-III experiment

Author

Kabuki, S., Tsuchiya, K., Okumura, K., Enomoto, R., Uchida, T., Tsunoo, H., Hayashi, Shin., Hayashi, Sei., Kajino, F., Maeshiro, A., Tada, I., Itoh, C., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G.V., Clay, R.W., Edwards, P.G., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Ohishi, M., Patterson, J.R., Protheroe, R.J., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D.L., Tanimori, T., Tokanai, F., Watanabe, A., Watanabe, S., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., and Yoshikoshi, T.

Published
2003
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7. A search for TeV gamma-ray emission from the PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 binary system with the CANGAROO-II 10 meter telescope

Author

河内, 明子, 内藤, 統也, Patterson, J. R., Edwards, P. G., 浅原, 明広, Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., 榎本, 良治, 郡司, 修一, 原, 敏, 原, 忠生, 服部, 敬裕, 林, 清一, 林, 慎一郎, 伊藤, 千枝, 株木, 重人, 梶野, 文義, 片桐, 秀明, 木船, 正, Ksenofontov, L., 窪, 秀利, 櫛田, 淳子, 松原, 豊, 水本, 好彦, 森, 正樹, 茂呂, 寿子, 村石, 浩, 村木, やすし, 中瀬, 友和, 西田, 大輔, Kawachi, Akiko, Naito, T., Asahara, A., Enomoto, R., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Seiichi, Hayashi, Shin'ichiro, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kifune, T., Kubo, Hidetoshi, Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., 河内, 明子, 内藤, 統也, Patterson, J. R., Edwards, P. G., 浅原, 明広, Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., 榎本, 良治, 郡司, 修一, 原, 敏, 原, 忠生, 服部, 敬裕, 林, 清一, 林, 慎一郎, 伊藤, 千枝, 株木, 重人, 梶野, 文義, 片桐, 秀明, 木船, 正, Ksenofontov, L., 窪, 秀利, 櫛田, 淳子, 松原, 豊, 水本, 好彦, 森, 正樹, 茂呂, 寿子, 村石, 浩, 村木, やすし, 中瀬, 友和, 西田, 大輔, Kawachi, Akiko, Naito, T., Asahara, A., Enomoto, R., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Seiichi, Hayashi, Shin'ichiro, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kifune, T., Kubo, Hidetoshi, Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Nakase, T., and Nishida, D.

Abstract

著者人数: 46名, Accepted: 2004-02-16

Published
2015

8. On the Inspection of River Levee Safety in Japan by MLIT

Author

Honjo, Y. (author), Moro, H. (author), Ishihara, M. (author), Otake, Y. (author), Honjo, Y. (author), Moro, H. (author), Ishihara, M. (author), and Otake, Y. (author)

Abstract

The ministry of land, infrastructures, transportation and tourism (MLIT) of the Japanese government maintains governmental managed river levee for the safety against flood whose total length is more than 10,000 km. The design standard of river levee had been traditionally done based on so called shape based specification, where levee is judged to be safe as long as a section satisfies the specified dimensions. In 2002, this policy had been changed and a new inspection guideline which is based on the modern soil mechanics principles had been introduced. The method mainly consists of the non-stationary seepage analysis followed by the circular slip line stability analysis. The exit gradient and uplift pressure are also checked based on specified safety factors. The way of the safety assessment is that, first a river is divided into so called a continuous strip (CS) which is judged to have similar configurations, geotechnical and hydraulic conditions. The typical length of a CS is half to several km long. Then a representative cross section (RCS) that is considered to represent all the CS section is selected. At RCS, detailed soil investigations are carried out, and the inspection is done to assess the safety of the section for stability and piping. A CS is judged to be safe if all the verification items satisfy the specified safety factor, but judged to be NG (no good) if any of the items could not fulfill the threshold value. The first round assessment at year 2011 indicated, only 60% of the all levee is judged to be safe for all verification items. 25% of the levee could not satisfy the stability requirement, 30% piping requirement, and 14% the both requirements. In the paper, the details of the verification methods are described. Furthermore, some recent flood events are introduced. Finally, further challenges for the second screening of the safety of levee are discussed.

Published
2015
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9. A Search for TeV Gamma-Ray Emission from the PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 Binary System with the CANGAROO-II 10 Meter Telescope

Author

Kawachi, A, Naito, T, Patterson, Joseph R, Edwards, Philip G, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Enomoto, R, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Seuchi, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kifune, Tadashi, Ksenofontov, L, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, O, Watanabe, S, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Yoshikoshi, T, Kawachi, A, Naito, T, Patterson, Joseph R, Edwards, Philip G, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Enomoto, R, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Seuchi, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kifune, Tadashi, Ksenofontov, L, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, O, Watanabe, S, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, and Yoshikoshi, T

Abstract

Observations of the PSR B1259-63/SS 2883 binary system using the CANGAROO-II Cerenkov telescope are reported. This nearby binary consists of a 48 ms radio pulsar in a highly eccentric orbit around a Be star and offers a unique laboratory to investigate the interactions between the outflows of the pulsar and Be star at various distances. It has been pointed out that the relativistic pulsar wind and the dense mass outflow of the Be star may result in the emission of gamma rays up to TeV energies. We have observed the binary in 2000 and 2001, ∼47 and ∼157 days after the 2000 October periastron. Upper limits at the 0.13-0.54 crab level are obtained. A new model calculation for high-energy gamma-ray emission from the Be star outflow is introduced, and the estimated gamma-ray flux, considering bremsstrahlung, inverse Compton scattering, and the decay of neutral pions produced in proton-proton interactions, is found to be comparable to the upper limits of these observations. Comparing our results with these model calculations, we constrain the mass-outflow parameters of the Be star.

Published
2004

10. Detection of Sub-TeV Gamma Rays from the Galactic Center Direction by CANGAROO-II

Author

Tsuchiya, K, Enomoto, R, Ksenofontov, L, Mori, Masaki, Naito, T, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Doi, Y, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kuraeva, T L, Kurosaka, R, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Miyashita, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakamoto, N, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tanimura, H, Thornton, G J, Tokanai, F, Uchida, T, Watanabe, S, Yamaoka, T, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Yoshikoshi, T, Tsuchiya, K, Enomoto, R, Ksenofontov, L, Mori, Masaki, Naito, T, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Doi, Y, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kuraeva, T L, Kurosaka, R, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Miyashita, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakamoto, N, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tanimura, H, Thornton, G J, Tokanai, F, Uchida, T, Watanabe, S, Yamaoka, T, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, and Yoshikoshi, T

Abstract

We have detected sub-TeV gamma-ray emission from the direction of the Galactic center (GC) using the CANGAROO-II Imaging Atmospheric Cerenkov Telescope. We detected a statistically significant excess at energies greater than 250 GeV. The flux was 1 order

Published
2004

11. Status of the CANGAROO-III project

Author

Kubo, H, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Doi, Y, Edwards, Philip G, Enomoto, R, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Ksenofontov, L, Kuraeva, T L, Kurosaka, R, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Miyashita, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakamoto, N, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tanimura, H, Thornton, G J, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Uchida, T, Watanabe, S, Yamaoka, T, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Yoshikoshi, T, Kubo, H, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Doi, Y, Edwards, Philip G, Enomoto, R, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Ksenofontov, L, Kuraeva, T L, Kurosaka, R, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Miyashita, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakamoto, N, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tanimura, H, Thornton, G J, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Uchida, T, Watanabe, S, Yamaoka, T, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, and Yoshikoshi, T

Abstract

The CANGAROO-III project, which consists of an array of four 10-m atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes for gamma-ray astrophysics, started in 1999 in Woomera, South Australia. The first 10-m telescope has been in operation since 2000, and stereoscopic observations with the first and second telescopes started in 2002. The full array will be operational in 2003. Here we report on the status of the CANGAROO-III project including the results of observations with the first telescope.

Published
2004

12. A Search for TeV Gamma Rays from SN 1987A in 2001

Author

Enomoto, R, Ksenofontov, L, Katagiri, H, Tsuchiya, K, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, H., Hayashi, Shin'Ichiro, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tokanai, F, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, O, Watanabe, S, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Yoshikoshi, T, Enomoto, R, Ksenofontov, L, Katagiri, H, Tsuchiya, K, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, H., Hayashi, Shin'Ichiro, Hayashi, Sei, Itoh, Chie, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Okumura, K, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tokanai, F, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, O, Watanabe, S, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, and Yoshikoshi, T

Abstract

We searched for TeV gamma rays from the remnant of SN 1987A around 5400 days after the supernova. The observations were carried out in 2001, from November 16 to December 11, using the CANGAROO-II imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescope. In total, 708 minutes of ON- and 1019 minutes of OFF-source data were obtained under good conditions. The detection threshold was estimated to be 1 TeV, owing to the mean zenith angle of 39°. The upper limits for the gamma-ray flux were obtained and compared with the previous observations and theoretical models. The observations indicate that the gamma-ray luminosity is lower than 1 × 1037 ergs s-1 at ∼10 TeV.

Published
2003

13. Evidence of TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253

Author

Itoh, Chie, Enomoto, R, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Tanimori, T, Okumura, K, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Sei, Hayashi, Seuchi, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, O, Watanabe, S, Yoshikoshi, T, Itoh, Chie, Enomoto, R, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Tanimori, T, Okumura, K, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayashi, Sei, Hayashi, Seuchi, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Ohishi, M, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, O, Watanabe, S, and Yoshikoshi, T

Abstract

TeV gamma-rays were recently detected from the nearby normal spiral galaxy NGC 253 (Itoh et al. 2002). Observations to detect the Cherenkov light images initiated by gamma-rays from the direction of NGC 253 were carried out in 2000 and 2001 over a total period of ∼150 hours. The orientation of images in gamma-ray-like events is not consistent with emission from a point source, and the emission region corresponds to a size greater than 10 kpc in radius. Here, detailed descriptions of the analysis procedures and techniques are given.

Published
2003

14. Detection of Diffuse TeV Gamma-ray Emission from the Nearby Starburst Galaxy NGC 253

Author

Itoh, Chie, Enomoto, R, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayasha, Shin., Hayashi, Sei, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Okamura, K, Ohishi, M, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, S, Yoshikoshi, Y, Itoh, Chie, Enomoto, R, Yanagita, S, Yoshida, T, Asahara, A, Bicknell, Geoffrey, Clay, Roger W, Edwards, Philip G, Gunji, S, Hara, Shinji, Hara, T, Hattori, T, Hayasha, Shin., Hayashi, Sei, Kabuki, S, Kajino, F, Katagiri, H, Kawachi, A, Kifune, Tadashi, Kubo, H, Kushida, J, Matsubara, Y, Mizumoto, Y, Mori, Masaki, Moro, H, Muraishi, H, Muraki, Y, Naito, T, Nakase, T, Nishida, D, Nishijima, K, Okamura, K, Ohishi, M, Patterson, Joseph R, Protheroe, Raymond, Sakurazawa, K, Swaby, D L, Tanimori, T, Tokanai, F, Tsuchiya, K, Tsunoo, H, Uchida, T, Watanabe, S, and Yoshikoshi, Y

Abstract

We report the TeV gamma-ray observations of the nearby normal spiral galaxy NGC 253. At a distance of ∼2.5 Mpc, NGC 253 is one of the nearest starburst galaxies. This relative closeness, coupled with the high star formation rate in the galaxy, make it a

Published
2002

15. Evidence of TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253

Author

Itoh, C., primary, Enomoto, R., additional, Yanagita, S., additional, Yoshida, T., additional, Asahara, A., additional, Bicknell, G. V., additional, Clay, R. W., additional, Edwards, P. G., additional, Gunji, S., additional, Hara, S., additional, Hara, T., additional, Hattori, T., additional, Hayashi, Shin., additional, Hayashi, Sei., additional, Kabuki, S., additional, Kajino, F., additional, Katagiri, H., additional, Kawachi, A., additional, Kifune, T., additional, Kubo, H., additional, Kushida, J., additional, Matsubara, Y., additional, Mizumoto, Y., additional, Mori, M., additional, Moro, H., additional, Muraishi, H., additional, Muraki, Y., additional, Naito, T., additional, Nakase, T., additional, Nishida, D., additional, Nishijima, K., additional, Okumura, K., additional, Ohishi, M., additional, Patterson, J. R., additional, Protheroe, R. J., additional, Sakurazawa, K., additional, Swaby, D. L., additional, Tanimori, T., additional, Tokanai, F., additional, Tsuchiya, K., additional, Tsunoo, H., additional, Uchida, T., additional, Watanabe, A., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, and Yoshikoshi, T., additional

Published
2006
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16. A Search for TeV Gamma‐Ray Emission from the PSR B1259−63/SS 2883 Binary System with the CANGAROO‐II 10 Meter Telescope

Author

Kawachi, A., primary, Naito, T., additional, Patterson, J. R., additional, Edwards, P. G., additional, Asahara, A., additional, Bicknell, G. V., additional, Clay, R. W., additional, Enomoto, R., additional, Gunji, S., additional, Hara, S., additional, Hara, T., additional, Hattori, T., additional, Hayashi, Seuchi, additional, Hayashi, Shin'ichiro, additional, Itoh, C., additional, Kabuki, S., additional, Kajino, F., additional, Katagiri, H., additional, Kifune, T., additional, Ksenofontov, L., additional, Kubo, H., additional, Kushida, J., additional, Matsubara, Y., additional, Mizumoto, Y., additional, Mori, M., additional, Moro, H., additional, Muraishi, H., additional, Muraki, Y., additional, Nakase, T., additional, Nishida, D., additional, Nishijima, K., additional, Ohishi, M., additional, Okumura, K., additional, Protheroe, R. J., additional, Sakurazawa, K., additional, Swaby, D. L., additional, Tanimori, T., additional, Tokanai, F., additional, Tsuchiya, K., additional, Tsunoo, H., additional, Uchida, T., additional, Watanabe, A., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, Yanagita, S., additional, Yoshida, T., additional, and Yoshikoshi, T., additional

Published
2004
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17. Detection of Sub-TeV Gamma Rays from the Galactic Center Direction by CANGAROO-II

Author

Tsuchiya, K., primary, Enomoto, R., additional, Ksenofontov, L. T., additional, Mori, M., additional, Naito, T., additional, Asahara, A., additional, Bicknell, G. V., additional, Clay, R. W., additional, Doi, Y., additional, Edwards, P. G., additional, Gunji, S., additional, Hara, S., additional, Hara, T., additional, Hattori, T., additional, Hayashi, Sei., additional, Itoh, C., additional, Kabuki, S., additional, Kajino, F., additional, Katagiri, H., additional, Kawachi, A., additional, Kifune, T., additional, Kubo, H., additional, Kurihara, T., additional, Kurosaka, R., additional, Kushida, J., additional, Matsubara, Y., additional, Miyashita, Y., additional, Mizumoto, Y., additional, Moro, H., additional, Muraishi, H., additional, Muraki, Y., additional, Nakase, T., additional, Nishida, D., additional, Nishijima, K., additional, Ohishi, M., additional, Okumura, K., additional, Patterson, J. R., additional, Protheroe, R. J., additional, Sakamoto, N., additional, Sakurazawa, K., additional, Swaby, D. L., additional, Tanimori, T., additional, Tanimura, H., additional, Thornton, G., additional, Tokanai, F., additional, Uchida, T., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, Yamaoka, T., additional, Yanagita, S., additional, Yoshida, T., additional, and Yoshikoshi, T., additional

Published
2004
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18. A Search for TeV Gamma Rays from SN 1987A in 2001

Author

Enomoto, R., primary, Ksenofontov, L. T., additional, Katagiri, H., additional, Tsuchiya, K., additional, Asahara, A., additional, Bicknell, G. V., additional, Clay, R. W., additional, Edwards, P. G., additional, Gunji, S., additional, Hara, S., additional, Hara, T., additional, Hattori, H., additional, Hayashi, Sei., additional, Hayashi, Shin., additional, Itoh, C., additional, Kabuki, S., additional, Kajino, F., additional, Kawachi, A., additional, Kifune, T., additional, Kubo, H., additional, Kushida, J., additional, Matsubara, Y., additional, Mizumoto, Y., additional, Mori, M., additional, Moro, H., additional, Muraishi, H., additional, Muraki, Y., additional, Naito, T., additional, Nakase, T., additional, Nishida, D., additional, Nishijima, K., additional, Ohishi, M., additional, Okumura, K., additional, Patterson, J. R., additional, Protheroe, R. J., additional, Sakurazawa, K., additional, Swaby, D. L., additional, Tanimori, T., additional, Tokanai, F., additional, Tsunoo, H., additional, Uchida, T., additional, Watanabe, A., additional, Watanabe, S., additional, Yanagita, S., additional, Yoshida, T., additional, and Yoshikoshi, T., additional

Published
2003
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19. Evidence of TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253

Author

Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., Edwards, P. G., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Shin., Hayashi, Sei., Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Okumura, K., Ohishi, M., Patterson, J. R., Protheroe, R. J., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D. L., Tanimori, T., Tokanai, F., Tsuchiya, K., Tsunoo, H., Uchida, T., Watanabe, A., Watanabe, S., Yoshikoshi, T., Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., Edwards, P. G., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Shin., Hayashi, Sei., Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Okumura, K., Ohishi, M., Patterson, J. R., Protheroe, R. J., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D. L., Tanimori, T., Tokanai, F., Tsuchiya, K., Tsunoo, H., Uchida, T., Watanabe, A., Watanabe, S., and Yoshikoshi, T.

Abstract

Aims.The CANGAROO-II telescope observed sub-TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253. The emission region was extended with a radial size of 0.3–0.6 degree. On the contrary, HESS could not confirm this emission and gave upper limits at the level of the CANGAROO-II flux. In order to resolve this discrepancy, we analyzed new observational results for NGC 253 by CANGAROO-III and also assessed the results by CANGAROO-II.

Published
2007
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20. Evidence of TeV gamma-ray emission from the nearby starburst galaxy NGC 253

Author

Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., Tanimori, T., Okumura, K., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., Edwards, P. G., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Shin., Hayashi, Sei., Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Ohishi, M., Patterson, J. R., Protheroe, R. J., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D. L., Tokanai, F., Tsuchiya, K., Tsunoo, H., Uchida, T., Watanabe, A., Watanabe, S., Yoshikoshi, T., Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., Tanimori, T., Okumura, K., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., Edwards, P. G., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Shin., Hayashi, Sei., Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Ohishi, M., Patterson, J. R., Protheroe, R. J., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D. L., Tokanai, F., Tsuchiya, K., Tsunoo, H., Uchida, T., Watanabe, A., Watanabe, S., and Yoshikoshi, T.

Abstract

TeV gamma-rays were recently detected from the nearby normal spiral galaxy NGC 253 (Itoh et al. [CITE]). Observations to detect the Cherenkov light images initiated by gamma-rays from the direction of NGC 253 were carried out in 2000 and 2001 over a total period of ~150 hours. The orientation of images in gamma-ray–like events is not consistent with emission from a point source, and the emission region corresponds to a size greater than 10 kpc in radius. Here, detailed descriptions of the analysis procedures and techniques are given.

Published
2003
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21. Detection of diffuse TeV gamma-ray emission from the neaby starburst galaxy NGC 253

Author

Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., Edwards, P. G., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Shin., Hayashi, Sei., Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Okumura, K., Ohishi, M., Patterson, J. R., Protheroe, R. J., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D. L., Tanimori, T., Tokanai, F., Tsuchiya, K., Tsunoo, H., Uchida, T., Watanabe, A., Watanabe, S., Yoshikoshi, T., Itoh, C., Enomoto, R., Yanagita, S., Yoshida, T., Asahara, A., Bicknell, G. V., Clay, R. W., Edwards, P. G., Gunji, S., Hara, S., Hara, T., Hattori, T., Hayashi, Shin., Hayashi, Sei., Kabuki, S., Kajino, F., Katagiri, H., Kawachi, A., Kifune, T., Kubo, H., Kushida, J., Matsubara, Y., Mizumoto, Y., Mori, M., Moro, H., Muraishi, H., Muraki, Y., Naito, T., Nakase, T., Nishida, D., Nishijima, K., Okumura, K., Ohishi, M., Patterson, J. R., Protheroe, R. J., Sakurazawa, K., Swaby, D. L., Tanimori, T., Tokanai, F., Tsuchiya, K., Tsunoo, H., Uchida, T., Watanabe, A., Watanabe, S., and Yoshikoshi, T.

Abstract

We report the TeV gamma-ray observations of the nearby normal spiral galaxy NGC 253. At a distance of ~2.5 Mpc, NGC 253 is one of the nearest starburst galaxies. This relative closeness, coupled with the high star formation rate in the galaxy, make it a good candidate TeV gamma-ray source. Observations were carried out in 2000 and 2001 with the CANGAROO-II 10 m imaging atmospheric Cerenkov telescope. TeV gamma-ray emission is detected at the ~$11\sigma$level with a flux of $(7.8 \pm 2.5)\times 10^{-12}~{\rm cm}^{-2}\,{\rm s}^{-1}$at energies >0.5 TeV. The data indicate that the emission region is broader than the point spread function of our telescope.

Published
2002
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31. Correspondence

Author

Moro H, Jun-ichi Hayashi, and Namura O

Subjects
Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Infective endocarditis, medicine, Surgery, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, medicine.disease, business
Published
1998
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35. Rhabdomyolysis after simvastatin therapy in an HIV-infected patient with chronic renal failure.

Author

Moro H, Tsukada H, Tanuma A, Shirasaki A, Iino N, Nishibori T, Nishi S, and Gejyo F

Abstract

We encountered a 49-year-old HIV-infected man with chronic renal insufficiency who developed rhabdomyolysis after treatment with simvastatin. He recovered after initiating hemodialysis and discontinuing oral medications. Rhabdomyolysis most likely resulted from an excessive blood concentration of simvastatin caused by concomitant use of fluconazole in the presence of renal insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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37. Surgery for giant popliteal artery aneurysm with a modified Sims' position

Author

Moro, H., Sugawara, M., Takahashi, Y., Ohzeki, H., Hayashi, J.i., and Eguchi, S.

Abstract

A 73-year-old man with a giant popliteal artery aneurysm extending from the mid-thigh to the popliteal fossa underwent exclusion, bypass, and obliterative endoaneurysmorrhaphy while in a modified Sims' position. The use of this position allowed for exposure of the saphenous vein and the entire popliteal artery in the same operative field. No muscle division was required. Moreover, this position provided easy access to the superficial femoral and distal below-knee popliteal arteries. (J Vasc Surg 1998;27:371-3.)

Published
1998
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41. Indications for treatment of incidental obturator hernia encountered during transabdominal preperitoneal repair (TAPP).

Author

Nakamura A, Harada Y, Oyama H, Tadamura K, Moro H, Kigawa G, Umemoto T, Matsuo K, and Tanaka K

Subjects
Humans, Female, Male, Retrospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Aged, Middle Aged, Body Mass Index, Risk Factors, Hernia, Obturator surgery, Hernia, Obturator complications, Hernia, Obturator diagnostic imaging, Herniorrhaphy methods, Incidental Findings, Laparoscopy
Abstract

Purpose: To clarify indications for treating incidental obturator hernia (IOH) detected during laparoscopic groin hernia repair by comparing features of IOH with obturator hernia (OH) complicated by incarceration., Methods: Twenty patients who underwent laparoscopic OH repair between January 2017 and July 2024 were included in this retrospective study. They were divided into groups with incarceration or a past history of incarceration (the OH group) or without incarceration (the IOH group). Univariate analysis was performed, and ROC curves were constructed with the cut-off values representing indications for treating IOH., Results: Thirteen patients comprised the IOH group (bilateral in one), while seven comprised the OH group (all unilateral). Univariate analysis selected high age, low body mass index (BMI), and a large orifice as risk factors for incarceration. Cut-off values of these variables were age 89 years (area under curve, 0.816), BMI 17.7 kg/m 2 (0.939), and orifice diameter 12 mm (0.796). Age of at least 89 years and BMI of 18 or less were more common in the incarceration group (P = 0.004, P = 0.007), and all patients in the incarceration group had orifices at least 12 mm in diameter. Assigning the 3 variables 1 point each, the OH group had significantly higher scores of at least 2 points (P < 0.001)., Conclusion: High age, low BMI, and large orifice diameter may be considered useful indicators for treating IOH. Two or more of these factors could place a patient at high risk for incarceration and show need for treatment of IOH., Competing Interests: Declarations. Conflict of interest: We confirm that the manuscript has been read and approved by all named authors and that there are no other persons who satisfied criteria for authorship but are not listed. We further confirm that all authors have approved the order in which they are listed at the beginning of the manuscript. All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest. Ethical standards: Since this study is a retrospective, noninvasive observational study, we applied for and received approval from the Institutional Ethics Committee at Showa University (notice of approval number, 2023-067-B) using the opt-out method. The investigation was conducted in compliance with the Declaration of Helsinki of 1975., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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42. Biomonitoring emerging hazards of pharmaceuticals in river water using gut microbiome and behavioural Daphnia magna responses.

Author

Moro H, Vaya R, Casado M, Piña B, Domínguez-García P, Gómez-Canela C, and Barata C

Subjects
Animals, Pharmaceutical Preparations analysis, Spain, Drug Resistance, Microbial genetics, Wastewater, Behavior, Animal drug effects, Daphnia magna, Daphnia drug effects, Rivers chemistry, Rivers microbiology, Water Pollutants, Chemical toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Gastrointestinal Microbiome drug effects, Environmental Monitoring
Abstract

A cost-effective Daphnia magna testing framework was applied to identify emerging hazards such as neurological and cardiovascular defects as well as antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs), related to pharmaceuticals present in waste water treated (WWTP) effluent discharged into rivers. D. magna juveniles were exposed during 48 h to water samples from three rivers in the vicinity of Barcelona (NE Spain), Besós, Llobregat and Onyar, upstream and downstream of WWTP discharging points. The analyses included measuring levels of 80 pharmaceutical residues in water samples by HPLC-MS, determination of the loads of different clinically relevant antibiotic resistant genes (ARGs) in both water samples and exposed animals, and assessment of toxic effects in feeding, heartbeat responses, and behavioural indicators. ARG prevalence in water, but not in gut microbiomes, was associated with the presence of bactericides in water. These results suggest that their levels were high enough to put a selective pressure over river microbial populations, but that Daphnia guts were not easily populated by environmental bacteria. Toxic effects were found in 20-43% of water samples, depending on the river, and related to water quality parameters and to pollutant levels. For example, heartbeats were correlated with salinity, whereas feeding impairment did so with high loads of suspended solids. In contrast, behavioural alterations were associated to the concentration of neuroactive chemicals. Accordingly, we hypothesize that measured neuroactive chemicals have caused the observed effects. If this also applies to local invertebrate populations, the environmental consequences may be severe and unpredictable., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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43. Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome defining malignancies in people living with haemophilia and human immunodeficiency virus after direct-acting antiviral era.

Author

Koga M, Fukuda A, Nojima M, Ishizaka A, Itoh T, Eguchi S, Endo T, Kakinuma A, Kinai E, Goto T, Takahashi S, Takeda H, Tanaka T, Teruya K, Hanai J, Fujii T, Fujitani J, Hosaka T, Mita E, Minami R, Moro H, Yokomaku Y, Watanabe D, Watanabe T, and Yotsuyanagi H

Abstract

Non-acquired immunodeficiency syndrome-defining malignancies (NADMs) are the crucial cause of mortality in people living with haemophilia and human immunodeficiency virus (PLWHH). We aimed to analyse the types and characters of NADMs in PLWHH after approval of direct-acting antivirals (DAA), considering that most PLWHH are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV). We conducted a nationwide questionnaire mail survey across 395 HIV core facilities in Japan between May 2022 and February 2023. Eight-year data from 64 respondent hospitals ( n = 328 PLWHH; 2015-2022) were collected; 35 NADM cases were identified and analysed. Standardised cancer incidence ratios (SCIRs) were calculated. The median age of PLWHH with NADMs was 51 years (interquartile range: 47-62 years); the SCIR was 2.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.48-2.90) for all malignancies (including carcinoma in situ ). Liver cancer accounted for most NADMs (43% [15/35]). The SCIRs of liver cancer (23.09 [95% CI: 13.92- 38.30]) and papillary thyroid cancer (9.38 [2.35-37.50]) significantly increased after adjusting for general Japanese male sex and age. Among PLWHH with liver cancers, 73% (11/15) achieved HCV-sustained virological response. Notably, for patients aged ≤ 50 years, 47% (7/15) were affected by liver cancers, and 27% (4/15) succumbed to NADMs. This study presents the largest survey of NADMs in PLWHH after DAA approval. Our findings emphasised the elevated risk of malignancies in PLWHH, underscoring the need for early cancer screening and preventive measures, particularly against liver cancers, even in younger PLWHH., Competing Interests: K.T. has received financial support for lectures from Shionogi Pharma Co, Ltd, ViiV Healthcare. R.M. has received financial support for lectures from ViiV Healthcare, Gilead Sciences, Inc. T.F. has received consulting fees from Gilead Sciences, Inc. and ViiV Healthcare and speakers bureaus from ViiV Healthcare and Gilead Sciences, Inc. D.W. has received grants for clinical trials from Gilead Sciences, ViiV Healthcare, GlaxoSmithKline, MSD, and Cmic out of this work, and honoraria from Gilead Science, ViiV Healthcare, MSD, and Janssen Pharmaceutical out of this work. All other authors declare no conflicts of interest., (2024, National Center for Global Health and Medicine.)

Published
2024
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44. Parental exposure to antidepressants has lasting effects on offspring? A case study with zebrafish.

Author

Correia D, Bellot M, Goyenechea J, Prats E, Moro H, Gómez-Canela C, Bedrossiantz J, Tagkalidou N, Ferreira CSS, Raldúa D, Domingues I, Faria M, and Oliveira M

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Adult, Zebrafish metabolism, Fluoxetine pharmacology, Larva, Antidepressive Agents pharmacology, Neurotransmitter Agents metabolism, Pharmaceutical Preparations metabolism, Perciformes metabolism, Water Pollutants, Chemical metabolism
Abstract

Fish have common neurotransmitter pathways with humans, exhibiting a significant degree of conservation and homology. Thus, exposure to fluoxetine makes fish potentially susceptible to biochemical and physiological changes, similarly to what is observed in humans. Over the years, several studies demonstrated the potential effects of fluoxetine on different fish species and at different levels of biological organization. However, the effects of parental exposure to unexposed offspring remain largely unknown. The consequences of 15-day parental exposure to relevant concentrations of fluoxetine (100 and 1000 ng/L) were assessed on offspring using zebrafish as a model organism. Parental exposure resulted in offspring early hatching, non-inflation of the swimming bladder, increased malformation frequency, decreased heart rate and blood flow, and reduced growth. Additionally, a significant behavioral impairment was also found (reduced startle response, basal locomotor activity, and altered non-associative learning during early stages and a negative geotaxis and scototaxis, reduced thigmotaxis, and anti-social behavior at later life stages). These behavior alterations are consistent with decreased anxiety, a significant increase in the expression of the monoaminergic genes slc6a4a (sert), slc6a3 (dat), slc18a2 (vmat2), mao, tph1a, and th2, and altered levels of monoaminergic neurotransmitters. Alterations in behavior, expression of monoaminergic genes, and neurotransmitter levels persisted until offspring adulthood. Given the high conservation of neuronal pathways between fish and humans, data show the possibility of potential transgenerational and multigenerational effects of pharmaceuticals' exposure. These results reinforce the need for transgenerational and multigenerational studies in fish, under realistic scenarios, to provide realistic insights into the impact of these pharmaceuticals., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare the following financial interests/personal relationships which may be considered as potential competing interests:Daniela Correia reports financial support was provided byFoundation for Science and Technology. Miguel Oliveira reports was provided by Foundation for Science and Technology. Melissa Faria reports was provided by Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence, IDAEA - CSIC. If there are other authors, they declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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45. Bacterial profiles detected in ventilator-associated pneumonia in Japan: A systematic review.

Author

Moro H, Aoki N, Matsumoto H, Tone K, Shuto H, Komiya K, Kikuchi T, and Shime N

Subjects
Humans, Japan epidemiology, Klebsiella isolation & purification, Prevalence, Staphylococcal Infections microbiology, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated microbiology, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated epidemiology, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolation & purification, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolation & purification, Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Abstract

The primary objective of this study was to identify the predominant organisms associated with ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) in Japan. Studies on VAP conducted in Japan were systematically reviewed, and seven studies with a total of 374 cases were included. The detection rate of each bacterium and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogen was analyzed using the inverse variance method. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was identified as the predominant pathogen in 29.2 % of cases, followed by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (12.0 %), and Klebsiella spp. (9.5 %). An integrated analysis revealed a detection rate of 57.8 % (95 % confidence interval: 48.7%-66.8 %) for MDR pathogens. This review highlights P. aeruginosa and MRSA as the predominant VAP-associated organisms in Japan, with a significant prevalence of MDR pathogens. This analysis provides valuable insights based on the regional distribution of bacteria detected in VAP, which is critical for selecting appropriate empirical therapy., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest Toshiaki Kikuchi has received honoraria from Janssen Pharma K·K., Beringer Ingelheim Japan K·K., Kyorin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and AstraZeneca K.K. He has also received research funding from Nobel Pharma Co., Ltd., and subsidies or donations from Shionogi & Co., Ltd., and Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Nobuaki Shime has received honoraria from MSD, Gilead, and BD Japan. Additionally, he has received subsidies or donations from Asahi Kasei Pharma. The other authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (Copyright © 2024 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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46. Recombinant mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 with post-translational modifications boosts IFN-gamma production from BCG-vaccinated individuals' blood cells in combination with CpG-DNA.

Author

Ozeki Y, Yokoyama A, Nishiyama A, Yoshida Y, Ohara Y, Mashima T, Tomiyama C, Shaban AK, Takeishi A, Osada-Oka M, Yamaguchi T, Tateishi Y, Maeyama JI, Hakamata M, Moro H, Kikuchi T, Hayashi D, Suzuki F, Yamamoto T, Iho S, Katahira M, Yamamoto S, and Matsumoto S

Subjects
Humans, Recombinant Proteins immunology, Oligodeoxyribonucleotides pharmacology, Tuberculosis prevention & control, Tuberculosis immunology, CpG Islands, Mycobacterium smegmatis immunology, Mycobacterium smegmatis metabolism, Escherichia coli metabolism, Escherichia coli genetics, Female, Interferon-gamma metabolism, Bacterial Proteins immunology, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, BCG Vaccine immunology, DNA-Binding Proteins immunology, DNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, DNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Mycobacterium tuberculosis immunology
Abstract

Tuberculosis remains a large health threat, despite the availability of the tuberculosis vaccine, BCG. As BCG efficacy gradually decreases from adolescence, BCG-Prime and antigen-booster may be an efficient strategy to confer vaccine efficacy. Mycobacterial DNA-binding protein 1 (MDP1, namely Rv2986c, hupB or HU) is a major Mycobacterium tuberculosis protein that induces vaccine-efficacy by co-administration with CpG DNA. To produce MDP1 for booster-vaccine use, we have created recombinant MDP1 produced in both Escherichia coli (eMDP1) and Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (mMDP1), an avirulent rapid-growing mycobacteria. We tested their immunogenicity by checking interferon (IFN)-gamma production by stimulated peripheral blood cells derived from BCG-vaccinated individuals. Similar to native M. tuberculosis MDP1, we observed that most lysin resides in the C-terminal half of mMDP1 are highly methylated. In contrast, eMDP1 had less post-translational modifications and IFN-gamma stimulation. mMDP1 stimulated the highest amount of IFN-gamma production among the examined native M. tuberculosis proteins including immunodominant MPT32 and Antigen 85 complex. MDP1-mediated IFN-gamma production was more strongly enhanced when combined with a new type of CpG DNA G9.1 than any other tested CpG DNAs. Taken together, these results suggest that the combination of mMDP1 and G9.1 possess high potential use for human booster vaccine against tuberculosis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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47. Developmental defects in cognition, metabolic and cardiac function following maternal exposures to low environmental levels of selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors and tributyltin in Daphnia magna.

Author

Moro H, Raldúa D, and Barata C

Subjects
Animals, Female, Humans, Daphnia magna, Serotonin metabolism, Maternal Exposure, Daphnia physiology, Cognition, Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors toxicity, Water Pollutants, Chemical analysis, Trialkyltin Compounds
Abstract

Aquatic organisms are exposed to low concentrations of neuro-active chemicals, many of them acting also as neuroendocrine disruptors that can be hazardous during earlier embryonic stages. The present study aims to assess how exposure early in live to environmental low concentrations of two selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), fluoxetine and sertraline, and tributyltin (TBT) affected cognitive, metabolic and cardiac responses in the model aquatic crustacean Daphnia magna. To that end, newly brooded females were exposed for an entire reproductive cycle (3-4 days) and the response of collected juveniles in the first, second and third consecutive broods, which were exposed, respectively, as embryos, provisioned and un-provisioned egg stages, was monitored. Pre-exposure to the selected SSRIs during embryonic and egg developmental stages altered the swimming behaviour of D. magna juveniles to light in a similar way reported elsewhere by serotonergic compounds while TBT altered cognition disrupting multiple neurological signalling routes. The studied compounds also altered body size, the amount of storage lipids in lipid droplets, heart rate, oxygen consumption rates and the transcription of related serotonergic, dopaminergic and lipid metabolic genes in new-born individuals, mostly pre-exposed during their embryonic and provisioning egg stages. The obtained cognitive, cardiac and metabolic defects in juveniles developed from exposed sensitive pre-natal stages align with the "Developmental Origins of Health and Disease (DoHAD)" paradigm., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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48. Carbapenem vs. non-carbapenem antibiotics for ventilator-associated pneumonia: A systematic review with meta-analysis.

Author

Shuto H, Komiya K, Tone K, Matsumoto H, Moro H, and Shime N

Subjects
Humans, Treatment Outcome, Pseudomonas Infections drug therapy, Length of Stay, Intensive Care Units, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated drug therapy, Pneumonia, Ventilator-Associated microbiology, Carbapenems therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents administration & dosage, Pseudomonas aeruginosa drug effects
Abstract

Background: Carbapenem is recommended as one of the first-line regimens for ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP), but no recent systematic review has fully investigated its efficacy. This systematic review aims to evaluate the efficacy of carbapenem compared with non-carbapenem for VAP treatment., Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing the efficacy and the safety between carbapenem and non-carbapenem with activity to Pseudomonas aeruginosa in the treatment for VAP. The main outcome was mortality, and the additional outcomes were the clinical cure of pneumonia, length of intensive care unit stay, recurrence, adverse effects, and the development of resistant bacteria. This study was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines., Results: Of the initial 1,730 publications, 9 randomized control trials were enrolled. In the meta-analysis, no difference was observed between the carbapenem and non-carbapenem regimens in improving mortality (odds ratio, 0.83; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 0.67-1.02). While the carbapenem regimen was superior to the non-carbapenem regimen in studies reporting the resolution of pneumonia (odds ratio, 1.09; 95 % CI 1.01-1.17), the effectiveness of carbapenem treatment was not evident in studies assessing the other outcomes., Conclusions: Carbapenem might have no superiority in survival when treating VAP. Moreover, non-carbapenem antibiotics with activities to P. aeruginosa have a potential option to avoid inducing carbapenem-resistant pathogens., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 The Japanese Respiratory Society. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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49. Retrospective Comparison of Two Aspergillus IgG Enzyme Immunoassays for Diagnosing Pulmonary Aspergillosis.

Author

Yamagishi I, Bamba Y, Moro H, Kanno N, Tsuruma H, Hakamata M, Ogata H, Shibata S, Aoki N, Ohshima Y, Watanabe S, Koya T, and Kikuchi T

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Aged, Adult, Japan, Aspergillus immunology, Aged, 80 and over, Immunoenzyme Techniques methods, Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary diagnosis, Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary immunology, Aspergillosis, Allergic Bronchopulmonary blood, Aspergillus fumigatus immunology, ROC Curve, Immunoglobulin G blood, Antibodies, Fungal blood, Sensitivity and Specificity, Pulmonary Aspergillosis diagnosis, Pulmonary Aspergillosis immunology, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay methods
Abstract

Aspergillus-specific antibodies are diagnostic indicators of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) and chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA). Tests for detecting Aspergillus-specific antibodies were not used clinically in Japan, and the production of the Aspergillus precipitin test was discontinued. Thus, alternative tests for diagnosing aspergillosis are urgently needed. We retrospectively evaluated 64 patients with suspected ABPA and CPA who underwent precipitin antibody testing. Serum Aspergillus IgG levels were measured and compared using the Bordier Aspergillus fumigatus ELISA and the Platelia Aspergillus IgG (Bio-Rad) kits. Of the participants, 18 were diagnosed with CPA, and 8 were diagnosed with ABPA. Both the Bordier and Bio-Rad kits showed high sensitivity and specificity for CPA and ABPA. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curves for the Bordier and Bio-Rad kits were 0.97 and 0.95, respectively, for CPA, and 0.89 and 0.91, respectively, for ABPA. In contrast to the Bordier kit, the Bio-Rad kit showed relatively low anti-Aspergillus IgG levels and lower sensitivity to non-fumigatus Aspergillus infections. The Aspergillus-specific IgG ELISA tests showed sufficient diagnostic accuracy. Therefore, these assays are recommended as alternatives to the precipitin kit for diagnosing aspergillosis in clinical settings in Japan.

Published
2024
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50. Virological outcomes of various first-line ART regimens in patients harbouring HIV-1 E157Q integrase polymorphism: a multicentre retrospective study.

Author

Uno S, Gatanaga H, Hayashida T, Imahashi M, Minami R, Koga M, Samukawa S, Watanabe D, Fujii T, Tateyama M, Nakamura H, Matsushita S, Yoshino Y, Endo T, Horiba M, Taniguchi T, Moro H, Igari H, Yoshida S, Teshima T, Nakajima H, Nishizawa M, Yokomaku Y, Iwatani Y, Hachiya A, Kato S, Hasegawa N, Yoshimura K, Sugiura W, and Kikuchi T

Subjects
Humans, Retrospective Studies, Raltegravir Potassium therapeutic use, Heterocyclic Compounds, 3-Ring therapeutic use, Drug Resistance, Viral genetics, HIV-1 genetics, HIV Infections drug therapy, HIV Integrase Inhibitors therapeutic use, HIV Integrase Inhibitors pharmacology, HIV Integrase genetics
Abstract

Background: Integrase strand transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) are recommended as first-line ART for people living with HIV (PLWH) in most guidelines. The INSTI-resistance-associated mutation E157Q, a highly prevalent (2%-5%) polymorphism of the HIV-1 (human immunodeficiency virus type 1) integrase gene, has limited data on optimal first-line ART regimens. We assessed the virological outcomes of various first-line ART regimens in PLWH with E157Q in real-world settings., Methods: A multicentre retrospective observational study was conducted on PLWH who underwent integrase genotypic drug-resistance testing before ART initiation between 2008 and 2019 and were found to have E157Q. Viral suppression (<50 copies/mL) rate at 24 and 48 weeks, time to viral suppression and time to viral rebound (≥100 copies/mL) were compared among the first-line ART regimens., Results: E157Q was detected in 167 (4.1%) of 4043 ART-naïve PLWH. Among them, 144 had available clinical data after ART initiation with a median follow-up of 1888 days. Forty-five started protease inhibitors + 2 NRTIs (PI group), 33 started first-generation INSTI (raltegravir or elvitegravir/cobicistat) + 2 NRTIs (INSTI-1 group), 58 started once-daily second-generation INSTI (dolutegravir or bictegravir) + 2 NRTIs (INSTI-2 group) and eight started other regimens. In the multivariate analysis, the INSTI-2 group showed similar or favourable outcomes compared with the PI group for viral suppression rates, time to viral suppression and time to viral rebound. Two cases in the INSTI-1 group experienced virological failure., Conclusions: The general guideline recommendation of second-generation INSTI-based first-line ART for most PLWH is also applicable to PLWH harbouring E157Q., (© The Author(s) 2023. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

Published
2023
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