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The slow coloring game was introduced by Mahoney, Puleo, and West and it is played by two players, Lister and Painter, on a graph G. In round i , Lister marks a nonempty subset M of V (G). By doing this he scores | M | points. Painter responds by deleting a maximal independent subset of M. This process continues until all vertices are deleted. Lister aims to maximize the score, while Painter aims to minimize it. The best score that both players can guarantee is called the slow coloring number or sum-color cost of G , denoted s ̊ (G). Puleo and West found that for an n -vertex tree T , the slow coloring number is at most ⌊ 3 n 2 ⌋ , and that the maximum can be reached when T contains a spanning forest with vertices of degree 1 or 3. This implies that every n-vertex graph G having a perfect matching satisfies s ̊ (G) ≥ ⌊ 3 n 2 ⌋. In this paper, we prove that for 3 k -connected graphs with | V (G) | ≥ 4 k and with a perfect matching the lower bound is higher: s ̊ (G) ≥ 3 n 2 + k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The justifications scientists use when starting new journals often rely on ‘indigenous theories’ which represent their particular cognitive communities. In an analysis of new journal editorials, this paper examines these indigenous theories, together with the images of scientific community they contain, and compares them with the images of science which exist in the sociological literature. As evidenced in the editorials, scientists share with sociologists a concern for the question of whether the manner in which science grows is prescriptive for, or creates obligations for, the community of researchers or instead, the community of researchers constitutes, or produces by conscious efforts, what comes to be accepted as authoritative in the particular scientific community. Douglas' grid/group model is used as an interpretive tool to map the two dimensions of concern in this question and suggests some differences between discipline groups and some changes over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses affiliation, loss of affiliation, and the associated effects on homeless individuals in Florida. The hypotheses of the article are based on differences in expected locus of control and self-esteem, by gender and parental status. Women generally are socialized to be more affiliative than men, and having responsibility for one or more dependent children increases the importance of social contacts for homeless women. It hypothesize that homeless women have higher rates of affiliation than homeless men, and homeless women accompanied by dependent children have the highest levels of affiliation. Another result of differential childhood socialization is the greater social acceptance of dependency for women than for men. Homeless people are, by definition, in a state of dependency. The women accompanied by children maintained more family contacts and had higher levels of self-esteem; for that group, locus of control was more external than for either the unaccompanied women or the unaccompanied men. Women with children also had the lowest median number of days homeless and the highest average monthly incomes.

Data from a dual employee-employer survey are used to investigate the extent to which employees' predictions of the mobility potential of their jobs affects their job satisfaction. Based on a match between the employee's and employer's assessments of the job's mobility potential, systematic variation by "match" groupings was found. Males more often than females match their employers' assessments of their jobs as providing mobility potential, and those in matched categories, whether mobile or not, have similar levels of job satisfaction. In addition, a great deal more variance in job satisfaction can be explained for workers who say their jobs do not have mobility potential than for others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]