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Department stores, in the second half of the nineteenth century, can be characterised as spaces with multiple functional identities. Retailers aimed to maximise potential sales through a combination of innovative display, modernised architecture, and the curation of customers’ movement, which promoted increased sales opportunities by assistants. In large stores, where sales figures were the only indicator of success, assistants were under pressure to ‘never allow a lady to leave without a sale’. Women, however, were inclined to view department stores as leisure spaces, respectable enough to be visited without an escort. This duality of function, with department store interiors existing simultaneously as sales floor and leisure space, appears to have resulted in tension between sales staff and customers. Drawing on the extensive literature focused on spatial archaeologies of eighteenth-century retail interiors, this article considers the department store as an extension of earlier shopping practice, drawing links between the private pseudo-domestic parlours of the Georgian shop and the refreshment rooms of the department store. It is shown that the creation of subdivided interiors allowed for the separation of retail and leisure space, allowing for the easing of tension between staff and customer, and demonstrating a continuation of the retail owner as peer and host for the customer. Les grands magasins, dans la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle, constituent des espaces aux identités fonctionnelles multiples. Les détaillants avaient pour but de maximiser les ventes potentielles en combinant des vitrines innovantes, une architecture modernisée et une organisation pensée pour mieux guider la circulation des clients, afin d’accroître les opportunités de vente. Dans ces vastes magasins, où les chiffres de ventes étaient les seuls indicateurs de succès, les vendeurs avaient pour consigne de ne « jamais laisser sortir une dame sans achat ». Les clientes, en revanche, avaient tendance à voir les grands magasins comme des espaces de détente, suffisamment respectables pour pouvoir s’y rendre sans être chaperonnées. Cette dualité de fonction, l’intérieur des grands magasins existant simultanément comme terrain de vente et espace de détente, semble avoir provoqué des tensions entre les vendeurs et la clientèle. S’appuyant sur une vaste recherche examinant les archéologies spatiales des intérieurs commerciaux au dix-huitième siècle, cette étude aborde le grand magasin comme un prolongement des petits commerces et de leurs pratiques antérieures, tissant des liens entre les parloirs privés et pseudo-domestiques des boutiques géorgiennes avec les aires de restauration des grands magasins. Cet article démontre que la création de divisions intérieures permettait de séparer les espaces de vente et de détente, apaisant ainsi les conflits entre vendeurs et clients, et démontrant que, comme autrefois, le propriétaire du magasin se comportait en hôte et en égal dans sa relation au client.

The Working Group on Fisheries Benthic Impact and Trade-offs (WGFBIT) develops methods and performs assessments to evaluate benthic impact from fisheries at regional scale, while con- sidering fisheries and seabed impact trade-offs. In this report, new fishery benthic impact assessments (ToR A) are shown out for several sub- regions in (French Mediterranean, Celtic Seas). For other regions, updates of the whole assess- ment or specific steps only were presented. To further standardise the different components of the WGFBIT approach across all (sub-)re- gional assessments, a more detail overview of those components was compiled. These compo- nents were slightly different among those regions, related to variation in data availability, envi- ronmental characteristics and implementation possibilities among the (sub-)regions. In WGFBIT, assessments are sometimes based on trawl or grab data, which are sampling differ- ent components of the seafloor ecosystem and can have consequences on the created sensitivity layer. Therefore, there is looked in more detail how the sensitivity outcome (and layers) can dif- fer due to the use of benthic data gathered with different gears (grab/core, trawl or video). The preliminary comparability analyses are performed on different levels: (1) based on co-located sampling; (2) comparing sensitivity maps of the (sub-) area, based on different gears. There were differences observed in longevity distribution at locations sampled with different gears and dif- ferences in data and models lead also to differences in the sensitivity layers. The WGFBIT seafloor assessment framework is not the only way to assess benthic impacts from physical disturbance. A discussion session was held on how the future workflow on advice that ICES WGFBIT assessment contribute to, will be organized. Marine sediments harbour significant levels of biodiversity that play a key role in ecosystem functions and services such as biogeochemical cycling, carbon storage and the regulation of cli- mate. Through the removal of fauna, changes in physico-chemical nature and resuspension of sediment, bottom trawling may result in significant changes in the ecosystem functioning of shelf seas. An assumption of the current PD model is that high community biomass implies higher ecosystem functioning. However, total community biomass does not necessarily reflect changes in species and functional trait composition which play a key role in regulating ecosystem func- tions. ToR D is working on an improved understanding of the link between species functional effect traits and proxies and processes for specific ecosystem functions to improve our ability to predict the impact of fishing disturbance on benthic ecosystem functioning more accurately. Links between species traits and biogeochemical parameters and the impact of trawling on these links are being explored using multivariate ordination analyses using different fauna and bioge- ochemical datasets collected in the North Sea, Celtic Sea, Kattegat, Baltic Sea and the eastern Mediterranean. Changes due to trawling in the trajectories of species densities over time and the concurrent changes in the bioturbation and bioirrigation potential of communities are being modelled using a combination of data-driven mechanistic model and a biogeochemical model. We report on the different data analysis methods that ToR D members have developed over the last year. ICES Published Refereed

Cet article examine deux projets littéraires et collaboratifs de Jacques Jouet, Frévent (en 1993) et À Lorient (en 2010), dans lesquels on voit des déplacements géographiques et ainsi une sorte de déplacement des techniques oulipiennes. Frévent a été envisagé avec des aspects contraignants comme une expérience de voyages comparés entre Claudine Capdeville, Pierre Laurent et J. Jouet. Comme l’Avertissement du livre nous le signale, Il s’agissait que chacun de nous trois s’y rende, consécutivem...

Jacques Jouet constitue l’une des figures les plus représentatives de l’Oulipo. Après les fondateurs (Queneau, Le Lionnais…) et la génération des Perec et Roubaud, il appartient à cette troisième vague née des ateliers d’écriture et portée par le virage de l’oralisation et de la rencontre avec le public. L’œuvre de Jacques Jouet, l’une des plus conséquentes de l’Oulipo actuel, se distingue par sa polygraphie (poèmes, récits, nouvelles et romans, théâtre, essais, collages), par des formes marquantes (le « poème de métro »), mais aussi par des entreprises au long cours comme Navet, linge, œil de vieux (écriture d’un poème par jour, de 1992 à 1998) ou le cycle de Mek-Ouyes, qui traverse genres et supports puisqu’il a pu prendre notamment la forme d’un feuilleton diffusé en ligne. Les Actes (assortis d’un entretien et d’un inédit) de ce premier colloque international consacré à J. Jouet mettent en lumière la diversité des formes et des entreprises de l’auteur tout en cherchant à éclairer la cohérence globale de sa démarche littéraire.

This paper explores notions of relationality and emotional communities to re-tell accounts of women's lives in the nineteenth century CE and second half of the sixth millennium BCE, within the framework of posthumanist feminism. We argue that in both of these contexts women's work, spaces and material cultures have been devalued in comparison with those categorized as masculine. To counter androcentric accounts, we consider how different tasks and forms of material culture can create ‘emotional communities’ among groups, forming shared participation in social worlds. Our focus is first the mourning cultures of the Victorian period in the UK, where we argue objects of emotion may have operated to create shared spaces outside of the home, breaking down oppositions of domestic and private. Second, we turn to the ways in which tasks considered female have been downplayed in the Neolithic of central Europe, exploring the assemblages of bodies, grinding stones and hide working to show how emotional currents may have flowed through these materials, creating experiences of aging and different forms of prestige. In conclusion, we argue that the concept of emotional communities provides a useful methodology to answer the challenge set by posthumanist feminism of thinking difference as positive.