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The article focuses on Thomas De Quincey's fascination with power and his alignment with it, evident in his writings on opium and other areas. Topics include De Quincey's views on the literature of power, his admiration for Wordsworth as the greatest English poet, and the role of continuousness in producing sustained and elaborate expressions of thought and emotion.

In this concluding article for the special issue on COVID-19 and K-12 arts education, the authors look forward to some positive possible changes for the delivery of arts education as students return to school past COVID-19 and will address some of the barriers to these positive changes, including policy opportunities and implications. The barriers discussed are not new to arts education – resource and funding challenges, a focus on remediation pulling students from arts classes, and a continued inequitable access to arts education for students in poverty and students of color. The article will discuss how the pandemic has exacerbated some of these long-standing challenges, as well as ways to address those challenges from a policy perspective as well as through advocacy work at the federal, state, and local levels. The article suggests ways to rethink how we approach areas of educational policy, particularly the accountability structures of public education, in order to address inequitable access now and in the long term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T cell immunoglobulin mucin domain-containing protein 3 (Tim-3) negatively regulates innate and adaptive immunity in cancer. To identify the mechanisms of Tim-3 in cancer immunity, we evaluated the effects of Tim-3 blockade in human and mouse melanoma. Here, we show that human programmed cell death 1-positive (PD-1+) Tim-3+CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) upregulate phosphatidylserine (PS), a receptor for Tim-3, and acquire cell surface myeloid markers from antigen-presenting cells (APCs) through transfer of membrane fragments called trogocytosis. Tim-3 blockade acted on Tim-3+ APCs in a PS-dependent fashion to disrupt the trogocytosis of activated tumor antigen-specific CD8+ T cells and PD-1+Tim-3+ CD8+ TILs isolated from patients with melanoma. Tim-3 and PD-1 blockades cooperated to disrupt trogocytosis of CD8+ TILs in 2 melanoma mouse models, decreasing tumor burden and prolonging survival. Deleting Tim-3 in dendritic cells but not in CD8+ T cells impeded the trogocytosis of CD8+ TILs in vivo. Trogocytosed CD8+ T cells presented tumor peptide-major histocompatibility complexes and became the target of fratricide T cell killing, which was reversed by Tim-3 blockade. Our findings have uncovered a mechanism Tim-3 uses to limit antitumor immunity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thomas De Quincey exploits his rivalry with Samuel Taylor Coleridge to structure many of the key features of his most famous work, 'Confessions of an English Opium-Eater' (1821). De Quincey's idolization of Coleridge began early and survived the anger and disappointment he felt after the collapse of their friendship and his discovery of Coleridge's intellectual duplicity. In 'Confessions', De Quincey's accounts of himself as a scholar of Greek literature, Ricardian economics, and Kantean philosophy are all galvanized by his knowledge that Coleridge too has worked in these areas. As opium addicts, De Quincey's experience of the drug overlaps with Coleridge's in a number of ways, while De Quincey differs from Coleridge – at least on the surface – in his claims about both the moral implications of drugged euphoria and the resolve needed to defeat addiction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that astronomers' discourses about cosmology, specifically their arguments for an ordered cosmos comprised of uniformly revolving orbs, were in a conversation with ʿilm al-kalām during the period under discussion, which is from the end of the fourteenth century through the mid-sixteenth century. In kalām , Taftāzānī's Sharḥ al-Maqāṣid contended that the astronomers' views of cosmic order were but a conviction (iʿtiqād) for which there was no demonstration. Mīrim Çelebī's commentary on the popular astronomy text al-Risāla al-Fatḥiyya noted, however, the theological value of the astronomers' ordered cosmos. Another astronomer contemporary with Mīrim Çelebī, Bīrjandī, was well-versed in kalām texts and certainly agreed with other astronomers about how the cosmos was ordered. Yet Bīrjandī did not explore the theological ramifications of an ordered cosmos. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate densities were determined from configuration interaction wave functions for atoms and ions of Li, Be, and B with up to four electrons. Exchange-correlation potentials, Vxc(r), and functional derivatives of the noninteracting kinetic energy, δK[p]/δp(r), obtained from these densities were used to examine their discontinuities as the number of electrons N increases across integer boundaries for N = 1, N = 2, and N = 3. These numerical results are consistent with conclusions that the discontinuities are characterized by a jump in the chemical potential while the shape of Vxc(r) varies continuously as an integer boundary is crossed. The discontinuity of the Vxc(r) is positive, depends on the ionization potential, electron affinity, and orbital energy differences, and the discontinuity in δK[p]/δp(r) depends on the difference between the energies of the highest occupied and lowest unoccupied orbitals. The noninteracting kinetic energy and the exchange correlation energy have been computed for integer and noninteger values of N between 1 and 4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how the astronomy of Islamic societies in the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries can be understood as cosmological. By studying the Arabic translations of the relevant Greek terms and then the definitions of the medieval Arabic dictionaries, the article finds that Arabic terms did not communicate order in the way implied by the Greek ho kósmos (ὁ κόσμος; the cosmos). Yet, astronomers of the period sometimes discussed cosmic order in addition to describing the cosmos. This article finds, too, that a new technical term, nafs al-amr (the fact of the matter) became part of later discussions of cosmic order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Densities and Fukui functions using the complex product, c-product (f|g) and the scalar Hermitian product are compared for two 2P resonance states of Be−, the 2P resonance state of Mg− and the 2D resonance state of Ca−. Use of the c-product has been shown to be necessary when analysing the complex eigenfunctions of a complex-scaled Hamiltonian. The c-product produces complex electron densities from complex wavefunctions, but only the real part is used for the Fukui functions. The real part of the density matrix obtained using the c-product doesn't satisfy the Pauli principle, and can produce negative regions in the electron densities. The Fukui functions and densities obtained using the c-product compare well with the Fukui functions and densities obtained using the scalar Hermitian product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The relaxation of the Pauli principle associated with density scaling is examined. Scaling the density has been investigated in the development of density functional computational methods with higher accuracy. Scaling the density by ρ(r)ζ=ρ(r)/ζ reduces the number of electrons to M=N/ζ when ζ>1. The minimum kinetic energy of the scaled density, Ts[ρ/ζ], can be scaled back to the N-electron system by multiplying the M-electron Kohn-Sham-type occupation numbers by ζ to produce Tζ[ρ]. This relaxes the Pauli principle when the orbital occupation numbers are greater than 1 in the N-electron system. The effects of antisymmetry on solutions to the Kohn-Sham equations are examined for Ne and the Be isoelectronic series. The changes in Tζ[ρ] and the exchange energy Exζ[ρ] when ζ is varied show that these two quantities are inextricably linked. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate reference wave functions and their densities have been used to obtain accurate exchange-correlation potentials for the beryllium isoelectronic sequence Be, Ne+6, Ar+14, and Kr+32. The exchange-correlation potentials for the four-electron cations with high Z in this sequence exhibit structure prior to the intershell peak that is not present in neutral atoms. The kinetic energy contribution to the exchange-correlation potential contributes to the early structure as well as to the intershell peak. The near degeneracy in this four-electron sequence plays a significant role in the structure prior to the intershell peak. Several of the quantities on which the Perdew–Burke–Ernzerhoff and Tao–Perdew–Staroverov–Scuseria functionals are dependent are examined. The generalized gradient approximations appear not to account for the near degeneracy in this series. © 2004 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reference densities from accurate configuration interaction wave functions for the beryllium isoelectronic series were used to solve the Kohn-Sham equations using a constrained search that minimizes the kinetic energy. For Z<25 in the series, a single Kohn-Sham determinant is sufficient to give the minimum kinetic energy. For higher Z a single Kohn-Sham determinant produces 2p eigenvalues that are lower than the 2s eigenvalues, and a kinetic energy that is not the minimum that can be obtained from an antisymmetric wave function that produces the reference density. Fractional occupation numbers are required to obtain the minimum kinetic energy, and at the minimum kinetic energy the 2s and 2p eigenvalues become equal. Values of the optimal 2p occupation numbers approach 0.09 for high Z. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two recent papers [P. W. Ayers and R. G. Parr, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 122, 2010 (2000); 123, 2007 (2001)] have shown how variational principles for the energy may be used to derive and elucidate the significance of the chemical reactivity indices of density-functional theory. Here, similar ideas are applied, yielding a systematic, mathematically rigorous, and physically sound approach to condensed reactivity indices. First, we use the variational principle for the energy to derive an expression for the condensed Fukui function index in terms of the condensed hardness kernel. Next, we address an important open problem pertaining to condensed reactivity indices: when (if ever) is the condensed Fukui function for an atom in a molecule negative? In particular, our analysis confirms the observation, hitherto based only on computational evidence, that the Hirshfeld partitioning is optimal for obtaining non-negative Fukui functions. We also hypothesize that the strong diagonal dominance of the condensed hardness kernel is sufficient for the non-negativity of the Fukui function. Errors in the partitioning of molecules into atoms and inadequate treatment of correlation are pinpointed as the most likely causes of negative condensed Fukui functions. We conclude by noting that the condensed Fukui functions are, in some respects, more appropriate indicators of a molecular site’s reactivity than the Fukui function itself. © 2002 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Approximate generalized overlap amplitudes (GOAs), also called Feynman–Dyson amplitudes, have been calculated from a full configuration interaction (CI) wave function for the ground state of beryllium using the extended Koopmans’ theorem (EKT). The GOAs were also calculated from the ground state CI wave function for Be and the ground state and excited state CI wave functions for Be+. The EKT GOAs are nearly identical to the corresponding CI GOAs for the lower 2S states of Be+ and for the Be+ 1s2s2 state which has a large GOA occupation number. There are many CI GOAs for which there is not a corresponding EKT GOA. This may be due in part to the limited size of the basis set and to the inability to include natural spin orbitals with small occupation numbers in the EKT calculations. © 1995 American Institute of Physics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extended Koopmans’ theorem (EKT) is shown to give accurate and potentially exact values for the lowest ionization potential (IP). Accurate results are reported for LiH, H+5, He2, and Li2. Results obtained for the lowest IP’s of LiH and He2 are nearly identical with those obtained by taking the difference of the total energies from separate, full configuration interaction calculations on the N-electron and the (N-1)-electron systems. The differences between the two IP calculations for a series of increasingly larger basis sets are 0.0017, 0.0004, and 0.0001 eV for LiH and are 0.0154, 0.0018, and 0.0007 eV for He2. The implication is that the lowest IP can be calculated to arbitrary accuracy. The EKT method is easily implemented as part of a multiconfigurational self-consistent-field calculation by diagonalizing the matrix of Lagrange multipliers with the first-order reduced density matrix as the metric. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Revealed are scaling properties for Tc[ρ], the kinetic-energy component of the correlation energy density functional for atoms, in terms of the total number of electrons N, the nuclear charge Z, and the total electron density at the nucleus ρ(0). Tc scales well as Nρ(0)/Z8/3 for both neutral atoms up to Z=18 and the four-electron Be-like cationic species. A model is given that describes these findings, involving a density encoding the cusp information and an effective potential going like r-4/3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on the effects of media violence exposure has shown robust associations among violent media exposure, increased aggressive behavior, and decreased empathy. Preliminary research indicates that frequent players of violent video games may have differences in emotional and cognitive processes compared to infrequent or nonplayers, yet research examining the amount and content of game play and the relation of these factors with affective and cognitive outcomes is limited. The present study measured neural correlates of response inhibition in the context of implicit attention to emotion, and how these factors are related to empathic responding in frequent and infrequent players of video games with graphically violent content. Participants completed a self-report measure of empathy as well as an affective stop-signal task that measured implicit attention to emotion and response inhibition during electroencephalography. Frequent players had lower levels of empathy as well as a reduction in brain activity as indicated by P100 and N200/P300 event related potentials. Reduced P100 amplitude evoked by happy facial expressions was observed in frequent players compared to infrequent players, and this effect was moderated by empathy, such that low levels of empathy further reduced P100 amplitudes for happy facial expressions for frequent players compared to infrequent players. Compared to infrequent players, frequent players had reduced N200/P300 amplitude during response inhibition, indicating less neural resources were recruited to inhibit behavior. Results from the present study illustrate that chronic exposure to violent video games modulates empathy and related neural correlates associated with affect and cognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blackwood's in its earliest numbers was a staunch admirer of Lord Byron. But when he published Beppo, it damned him in a June 1818 review as a hypocrite and a reveller, and thereafter the magazine lurched between celebrating him for his genius and castigating him for his perversion of it. Byron objected to the uneven treatment he received at the hands of the Blackwood's critics, but in 'Some Observations Upon an Article in Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine' he echoes their views on several contemporary poets, and seems to reconcile himself to the exuberant unpredictability of the magazine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSv) infection causes a devastating economic impact to the swine industry. Active surveillance is routinely conducted in many swine herds to demonstrate freedom from PRRSv infection. The design of efficient active surveillance sampling schemes is challenging because optimum surveillance strategies may differ depending on infection status, herd structure, management, or resources for conducting sampling. Here, we present an open web-based application, named ‘OptisampleTM’, designed to optimize herd sampling strategies to substantiate freedom of infection considering also costs of testing. In addition to herd size, expected prevalence, test sensitivity, and desired level of confidence, the model takes into account the presumed risk of pathogen introduction between samples, the structure of the herd, and the process to select the samples over time. We illustrate the functionality and capacity of ‘OptisampleTM’ through its application to active surveillance of PRRSv in hypothetical swine herds under disparate epidemiological situations. Diverse sampling schemes were simulated and compared for each herd to identify effective strategies at low costs. The model results show that to demonstrate freedom from disease, it is important to consider both the epidemiological situation of the herd and the sample selected. The approach illustrated here for PRRSv may be easily extended to other animal disease surveillance systems using the web-based application available at . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Science and Orthodox Christianity: An Overview" is an ambitious survey that reminds scholars of science in Islamic societies that the conversation between Islam and science is really a conversation between Islam and science in different con texts and that conversations between Islam and science can be found with less renowned scientific developments such as prophetic medicine. This response points out parallels in how Greek Orthodox and Ottoman Muslim scholars mediated new developments in Western European science and in how both Greek Orthodox and some Ottoman Muslim scholars propounded a mathematical humanism. Finally, it argues that the account of post-1453 scientific exchange is more complex than "Science and Orthodox Christianity" intimates. At the least, if there was no scholarly exchange between Greek Orthodox Christians, on the one hand, and, on the other hand, Muslims and Jews--who, in turn, enjoyed scholarly exchange with the West well after 1453--there are clearly two different Easts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe the clinical presentation, management, and pathologic findings in a case of osteosarcoma of the petrous apex with an atypical metastasis to the lower abdominal wall. We retrospectively reviewed the record of a 49-year-old man who was diagnosed with a right petrous apex lesion, which biopsy identified as a high-grade osteoblastoma. After two attempts at en bloc resection were not curative, radiation and chemotherapy were recommended. The patient subsequently developed a cutaneous lower abdominal mass that was diagnosed as an osteosarcoma. Meanwhile, the petrous apex tumor continued to grow despite treatment until the patient died from the burden of disease. Temporal bone osteoblastomas and osteosarcomas are both extremely rare, and they can be difficult to differentiate histologically. Our case illustrates this difficulty and demonstrates the possibility of a high-grade osteoblastoma's malignant conversion to an osteosarcoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PEDV was first detected in United States in May, 2013. The virus spread through the swine industry and was reported in 30 US states by June, 2014 ( Morrison and Goede, 2014 ). There are limited data describing the impact on production in sow farms. Veterinarians attempt to control the virus in sow herds with a program that stimulates herd immunity. There are no data on how long it takes with this control program to achieve a stable state of consistently produce weaned pigs that are not infected with the virus. This study involved participants and data from an existing program called the Swine Health Monitoring Project. Veterinarians were invited to share production data from 429 herds infected with PEDV. These data, in conjunction with diagnostic reports, were used to estimate the time required for the herd to produce PEDV PCR negative pigs and the production loss. Of the 429 infected herds that achieved the stable state of weaning PEDV PCR negative pigs, the median time was 28 weeks, ranging from 7 to 64 weeks. A median of 2.7 piglets/inventoried sow were not weaned and the average time required to recover to baseline production was 10 weeks in 183 herds. Herd infected in quarters 3 or 4 of the year had approximately twice the negative impact. These data are valuable for veterinarians in advising clients on the anticipated impact and time to re-achieve a stable state with regards to PEDV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Breast cancer (BC) is the most common newly diagnosed cancer among women in Trinidad and Tobago (TT) and BC mortality rates are among the highest in the world. Globally, racial/ethnic trends in BC incidence, mortality and survival have been reported. However, such investigations have not been conducted in TT, which has been noted for its rich diversity. In this study, we investigated associations among ancestry, geography and BC incidence, mortality and survival in TT. Data on 3767 incident BC cases, reported to the National Cancer Registry of TT, from 1995 to 2007, were analyzed in this study. Women of African ancestry had significantly higher BC incidence and mortality rates (Incidence: 66.96; Mortality: 30.82 per 100,000) compared to women of East Indian (Incidence: 41.04, Mortality: 14.19 per 100,000) or mixed ancestry (Incidence: 36.72, Mortality: 13.80 per 100,000). Geographically, women residing in the North West Regional Health Authority (RHA) catchment area followed by the North Central RHA exhibited the highest incidence and mortality rates. Notable ancestral differences in survival were also observed. Women of East Indian and mixed ancestry experienced significantly longer survival than those of African ancestry. Differences in survival by geography were not observed. In TT, ancestry and geographical residence seem to be strong predictors of BC incidence and mortality rates. Additionally, disparities in survival by ancestry were found. These data should be considered in the design and implementation of strategies to reduce BC incidence and mortality rates in TT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) printing, or additive manufacturing, technology has rapidly penetrated the medical device industry over the past several years, and innovative groups have harnessed it to create devices with unique composition, structure, and customizability. These distinctive capabilities afforded by 3D printing have introduced new regulatory challenges. The customizability of 3D-printed devices introduces new complexities when drafting a design control model for FDA consideration of market approval. The customizability and unique build processes of 3D-printed medical devices pose unique challenges in meeting regulatory standards related to the manufacturing quality assurance. Consistent material powder properties and optimal printing parameters such as build orientation and laser power must be addressed and communicated to the FDA to ensure a quality build. Postprinting considerations unique to 3D-printed devices, such as cleaning, finishing and sterilization are also discussed. In this manuscript we illustrate how such regulatory hurdles can be navigated by discussing our experience with our group's 3D-printed bioresorbable implantable device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Media violence exposure causes increased aggression and decreased prosocial behavior, suggesting that media violence desensitizes people to the emotional experience of others. Alterations in emotional face processing following exposure to media violence may result in desensitization to others' emotional states. This study used scalp electroencephalography methods to examine the link between exposure to violence and neural changes associated with emotional face processing. Twenty-five participants were shown a violent or nonviolent film clip and then completed a gender discrimination stop-signal task using emotional faces. Media violence did not affect the early visual P100 component; however, decreased amplitude was observed in the N170 and P200 event-related potentials following the violent film, indicating that exposure to film violence leads to suppression of holistic face processing and implicit emotional processing. Participants who had just seen a violent film showed increased frontal N200/P300 amplitude. These results suggest that media violence exposure may desensitize people to emotional stimuli and thereby require fewer cognitive resources to inhibit behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following year, Taylor and Hessey issued De Quincey's work in book form, complete with a new "Appendix" dated 30 September 1822 in which De Quincey detailed one of his many unsuccessful attempts to renounce the drug. Thomas De Quincey was a virtually unknown writer and newspaper editor when at the age of thirty-six he launched himself to fame with the publication of his "Confessions of an English Opium-Eater" in the I London Magazine i for September and October 1821. De Quincey promised Taylor and Hessey a third instalment of the "Confessions" but failed to deliver. [Extracted from the article]

This essay studies Moses Galeano, a Jewish scholar with ties to Crete and the Ottoman Sultan's court, who traveled to the Veneto around 1500. After describing Galeano's intellectual milieu, it focuses, first, on circumstantial evidence that he transmitted information central to the rise of Renaissance astronomy. Galeano knew of theories that strongly resemble portions of astronomy texts written by Giovanni Battista Amico and Girolamo Fracastoro at Padua a few decades later. He also knew about theories pioneered by the Damascene Ibn al-Shāṭir (d. 1375) that strongly resemble portions of Copernicus's work. Next, the article turns to concrete evidence showing that Galeano was part of a network of Jewish scholars who did have contact with Christian scholars in Europe. The essay concludes that, while it is impossible to prove that Galeano had direct contact with Copernicus, he most likely had contact with some European astronomer(s) in the Veneto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the Qur'an's doctrine of naskh means that the particulars of a revealed text were significant, the Qur'an's discussion of humans' fiṭra and ḥunafāʾ (s. ḥanīf), along with its evocation of the wonders of creation as evidence of God's existence and power, meant that at least some of the Qur'an's message might not have to depend on a specific revealed text. Thus, the import of the Qur'an's references to order in nature has long been a question probed by commentators. This article will examine the responses of the mufassir and mutakallim al-Bayḍāwī (d. c. 1300) who wrote a tafsīr informed by kalām at a time when kalām texts, including al-Bayḍāwī's, began to incorporate the approach and findings of falsafa and natural science. Al-Bayḍāwī's comments on Q. 21:32 held that one could learn more about signs ( āyāt) of God's greatness through physics and astronomy. Then, in his interpretation of Q. 2:164, al-Bayḍāwī referred to the technical terminology of astronomy in order to argue that while there was order in nature, astronomy could not, on its own, provide an explanation for the existing order, as opposed to another possible order. Al-Bayḍāwī navigated the tension between acknowledging Ashʿarī kalām's arguments that scientists' conclusions were contingent and the Qur'an's insinuations that the human intellect could detect a meaningful order in nature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In areas of widespread sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine resistance, intermittent treatment in pregnancy (IPTp) fails to prevent placental malaria (PM) and may exacerbate drug resistant infections. Because PM predicts increased susceptibility to parasitemia during infancy, we hypothesized that IPTp would also increase susceptibility to malaria infection and disease in the offspring. Methods: In a birth cohort from NE Tanzania, we evaluated the association between maternal IPTp use and risk of parasitemia and severe malaria in the offspring. Using Cox Proportional Hazards Models as well as Generalized Estimating Equations, we evaluated the effects of IPTp on the entire cohort and on subgroups stratified by PM status at delivery. Results and Conclusions: Offspring of PM+ women who received IPTp had a dose-dependent decrease in time to first parasitemia (AHR = 2.13, p = 0.04 [95%CI: 1.04, 4.38]). Among all offspring, IPTp was associated with earlier first severe malaria episode (AHR = 2.32, p = 0.02 [95%CI: 1.12, 4.78]) as well as increased overall odds of severe malaria (AOR = 2.31, p = 0.03 [95%CI: 1.09, 4.88]). Cost-benefit analyses of IPTp regimens should consider the long term effects on offspring in addition to pregnancy outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thrombosis is the leading cause of arteriovenous (AV) access failure for hemodialysis patients requiring frequent interventions. We describe a novel approach to the lyse-and-wait technique in thrombosed AV access using nurse-administered thrombolytics in a hospital-based hemodialysis unit. All patients at a single-center, large, urban, tertiary care hospital, who underwent in-center thrombolysis via alteplase instilled directly into a thrombosed AV access by inpatient hemodialysis unit staff between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2007, were eligible. Included subjects were at least 18 years old and did not have known or suspected infection or trauma to the AV access site. Primary outcome measure was successful thrombolysis defined as hemodialysis performed immediately or after the interventional radiology (IR) procedure. Adverse events related to the procedure were collected. A total of 321 procedures, performed on 145 subjects (77 (53%) male, 68 (47%) female) remained for analysis. Successful instillation occurred in 317 of 321 procedures (98.8%). Successful thrombolysis occurred in 237 of 321 procedures (73.8%). Adverse events (8 major and 10 minor) occurred in 18 procedures, yielding a complication rate of 5.6%. In-center thrombolysis with alteplase administration by hemodialysis unit nursing staff under physician supervision is safe and effective with an adverse outcome rate similar to the literature. Thus, this modified lyse-and-wait protocol can be adopted with appropriate IR and surgical backup in place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The representation and manipulation of structured relations is central to human reasoning. Recent work in computational modeling and neuroscience has set the stage for developing more detailed neurocomputational models of these abilities. Several key neural findings appear to dovetail with computational constraints derived from a model of analogical processing, ‘Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies’ (LISA). These include evidence that (i) coherent oscillatory activity in the gamma and theta bands enables long-distance communication between the prefrontal cortex and posterior brain regions where information is stored; (ii) neurons in prefrontal cortex can rapidly learn to represent abstract concepts; (iii) a rostral-caudal abstraction gradient exists in the PFC; and (iv) the inferior frontal gyrus exerts inhibitory control over task-irrelevant information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective--To assess the role of noncommercial pigs in the epidemiology of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus. Design--Seroepidemiologic study and survey study. Animals--661 pigs from which blood samples were collected at slaughter and 32 pigs from which blood samples were collected longitudinally. Procedures-Spatial databases of commercial farms and 4-H participation were evaluated by use of commercial geographic information systems software. Information on disease knowledge and management methods of 4-H participants was obtained by mail survey and personal interview. Serum samples for antibody testing by PR AS ELISA were obtained from pigs at slaughter or at county fairs and on farms. Results--Participation in 4-H swine programs was geographically associated with commercial swine production in Minnesota, and 39% of 4-H participants reared pigs at locations with commercial pigs. High seroprevalence at fairs (49%; range, 29% to 76%) and serocon-version after fairs indicated that PARS virus exposure was common in pigs shown by 4-H participants and that transmission could occur at fairs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance--The small swine population shown by 4-H members (estimated 12,000 pigs) relative to the population of commercial swine in Minnesota (estimated 6.5 million pigs) suggested the former overall was likely of minor importance to PARS virus epidemiology at present. However, the relative frailty of knowledge of biosecurity practices, evidence that PARS virus exposure was frequent, common intentions to show pigs at multiple events, and often close interactions with commercial herds suggested that the 4-H community should be involved in regional efforts to control PARS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a discussion of the drug and alcohol addictions of British essayist Thomas De Quincey, adapted from the book "The English Opium-Eater: A Biography of Thomas De Quincey," by Robert Morrison.

This article presents an edition and translation of an astronomical text by Mūūsāā Jāālīīnūūs (a.k.a. Moses Galeano) entitled An Account of Some of the Impossibilities. The edition and translation is based on the only known manuscript, Istanbul Topkapıı III Ahmet 3302/2 fol. 102b--109a, perhaps copied in the ninth Islamic century. An Account of Some of the Impossibilities is important for three reasons. First, it provides additional evidence for the identification of Mūūsāā Jāālīīnūūs with Moses ben Judah Galeano. The final chapter of the text reproduces, verbatim, material from Joseph ibn Joseph ibn Naḥmias' The Light of the World, a text to which Moses ben Judah Galeano referred in his Hebrew work Ta῾alumot Ḥokhmah (Puzzles of Wisdom). This final chapter is the second reason why An Account of Some of the Impossibilities is important, as it is evidence for the reception of Ibn Naḥmias' The Light of the World, the only known text on theoretical astronomy written by a Jew in any variety of Arabic. Third, An Account of Some of the Impossibilities is further evidence of scientific exchanges among Jews, Muslims, and Christians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theories accounting for the development of analogical reasoning tend to emphasize either the centrality of relational knowledge accretion or changes in information processing capability. Simulations in LISA (), a neurally inspired computer model of analogical reasoning, allow us to explore how these factors may collaboratively contribute to the development of analogy in young children. Simulations explain systematic variations in United States and Hong Kong children's performance on analogies between familiar scenes (; ). Specifically, changes in inhibition levels in the model's working-memory system explain the developmental progression in US children's ability to handle increases in relational complexity and distraction from object similarity during analogical reasoning. In contrast, changes in how relations are represented in the model best capture cross-cultural differences in performance between children of the same ages (3-4 years) in the United States and Hong Kong. We use these results and simulations to argue that the development of analogical reasoning in children may best be conceptualized as an equilibrium between knowledge accretion and the maturation of information processing capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Judicial astrology, predicting future events on the basis of celestial positions, has been a fraught topic in Islamic literature. On one hand, the spectre of humans knowing their future with certainty would weaken the principle of human responsibility. On the other hand, given God's omnipotence, it would be entirely possible that the heavens were a means for God's control over the earth. Previous research on religious reactions to astrology in Islamic civilisation has used Ḥadīth and Kalām texts to conclude that the prevailing attitude was one of disapproval. My current research uses Tafsīr literature to argue that this attitude of disapproval was far more nuanced. This paper will first survey what early Tafsīr has said about astrology and, second, present late antique Jewish and Christian texts that could be the sources or context for the views on astrology found in early Tafsīr. To help explain some of the differences between early Tafsīr's view of astrology and early Kalām's view of astrology, the third section of this article covers certain statements made in early astrology texts in Islamic civilisation, texts composed, most likely, after the discussions of astrology in early Tafsīr. Fourth, I will present some early reactions of mutakallimūn to astrology. I will conclude that discussions of astrology in early Tafsīr, as well as most Islamic literature dating from before 287/900, were not concerned with astrology's causal framework, or even with predictions in principle, but rather with a defense of prophecy. I will also argue that the discussions of astrology in early Tafsīr were not as critical as the reactions of the early mutakallimūn to astrology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Several techniques are published for the treatment of peroneal tendon instability. Hypothesis: The fibular retromalleolar groove impaction technique is a simple and reliable surgical procedure with low morbidity for the treatment of peroneal tendon instability. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Twenty-three consecutive patients (average age, 34.2 years; range, 16-57 years) with a symptomatic subluxation of the peroneal tendons but no other peroneal tendon injuries were included in the study. All patients were severely limited in sports participation by their symptoms. The mean preoperative American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score was 68.5 (range, 47-78). The reconstruction of the peroneal retromalleolar groove was performed by removing the cancellous bone behind the groove with a 3.5-mm drill. Then the entire peroneal rim was mobilized with small osteotomes at its edges and impacted into the fibula. Using this technique, it was possible to deepen the peroneal retromalleolar groove and to preserve the smooth surface of the peroneal rim at the same time. After the procedure, the patients were kept in a boot cast for 6 weeks with partial weightbearing of 20 kg. The ankle joint was then mobilized under the supervision of a physical therapist. Linear sports activities were allowed after 7 weeks and unlimited sports after 12 weeks. Results: No local wound problems were observed, and no further symptomatic subluxation or dislocation of the peroneal tendons was encountered during the 2-year follow-up. The mean American Orthopedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved to 96.3 (range, 85-100). Conclusion: Groove impaction offers a simple, quickly done procedure with low morbidity, relatively quick return to sports, and successful elimination of peroneal tendon instability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We compared the reasoning performance of patients with frontal-variant frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) with that of patients with temporal-variant FTLD and healthy controls. In a picture analogy task with a multiple-choice answer format, frontal-variant FTLD patients performed less accurately than temporal-variant FTLD patients, who in turn performed worse than healthy controls, when semantic and perceptual distractors were present among the answer choices. When the distractor answer choices were eliminated, frontal-variant patients showed relatively greater improvement in performance. Similar patient groups were tested with a relational-pattern reasoning task that included manipulations of one or two relations and both perceptual and semantic extraneous information. Frontal-variant patients showed performance deficits on all tasks relative to the other subject groups, especially when distracted. These results demonstrate that intact prefrontal cortex (PFC) is necessary for controlling interference from perceptual and semantic distractors in order to reason from relational structure. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article presents a medical research on the volumetric changes of illiac crest autografts used to reconstruct the anterior column in thoracolumbar fractures. The study used computed tomography (CT) scans in order to evaluate the volume and length of the graft. It found out that the graft had subsided by 40% of its volume and lost 24% of its initial length.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) autofocus techniques that optimize sharpness metrics can produce excellent restorations in comparison with conventional autofocus approaches. To help formalize the understanding of metric-based SAR autofocus methods, and to gain more insight into their performance, we present a theoretical analysis of these techniques using simple image models. Specifically, we consider the intensity-squared metric, and a dominant point-targets image model, and derive expressions for the resulting objective function. We examine the conditions under which the perfectly focused image models correspond to stationary points of the objective function. A key contribution is that we demonstrate formally, for the specific case of intensity-squared minimization autofocus, the mechanism by which metric-based methods utilize the multichannel defocusing model of SAR autofocus to enforce the stationary point property for multiple image columns. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the objective function has a special separble property through which it can be well approximated locally by a sum of 1-D functions of each phase error component. This allows fast performance through solving a sequence of 1-D optimization problems for each phase component simultaneously. Simulation results using the proposed models and actual SAR imagery confirm that the analysis extends well to realistic situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: We report the development of a novel, multi-specimen imaging system for high-throughput transmission electron microscopy. Our cartridge-based loading system, called the “Gatling”, permits the sequential examination of as many as 100 specimens in the microscope for room temperature electron microscopy using mechanisms for rapid and automated specimen exchange. The software for the operation of the Gatling and automated data acquisition has been implemented in an updated version of our in-house program AutoEM. In the current implementation of the system, the time required to deliver 95 specimens into the microscope and collect overview images from each is about 13h. Regions of interest are identified from a low magnification atlas generation from each specimen and an unlimited number of higher magnifications images can be subsequently acquired from these regions using fully automated data acquisition procedures that can be controlled from a remote interface. We anticipate that the availability of the Gatling will greatly accelerate the speed of data acquisition for a variety of applications in biology, materials science, and nanotechnology that require rapid screening and image analysis of multiple specimens. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to determine whether intranasal/oral administration of probiotics can assist vaccination efficacy against an important swine pathogen, porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) virus (PRRSV). A controlled challenge trial was performed employing: (a) pigs vaccinated against PRRS and treated with a Lactobacillus casei, (b) pigs vaccinated against PRRS only, (c) pigs treated with L. casei only, and (d) pigs neither vaccinated against PRRS nor treated with L. casei. All pigs were challenged intranasally with a wild PRRSV strain. There was no difference in clinical signs or rectal temperature among the four groups. However, pigs that received L. casei gained significantly more weight than pigs that did not. Vaccinated pigs did not gain more weight than nonvaccinated pigs. Vaccinated groups had significantly fewer viraemic pigs on days post-challenge 4, 11 and 17 than nonvaccinated groups of pigs. There was no effect of probiotic on prevalence or duration of viraemia. Among viraemic pigs, there was no significant difference in mean log base10 titer of PRRS virus among groups. These results suggest that orally administered L. casei does not affect immune response in such a way as to affect PRRS viraemia or nasal shedding. However, it still appears to provide significant benefit when administered during vaccination as indicated by the higher bodyweight gain following PRRS virus infection. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: We explored how relational complexity and featural distraction, as varied in scene analogy problems, affect children’s analogical reasoning performance. Results with 3- and 4-year-olds, 6- and 7-year-olds, 9- to 11-year-olds, and 13- and 14-year-olds indicate that when children can identify the critical structural relations in a scene analogy problem, development of their ability to reason analogically interacts with both relational complexity and featural distraction. Error patterns suggest that children are more likely to select a distracting object than to make a relational error for problems that present both possibilities. This tendency decreases with age, and older children make fewer errors overall. The results suggest that changes in analogical reasoning with age depend on the interplay among increases in relational knowledge, the capacity to integrate multiple relations, and inhibitory control over featural distraction. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Objective--To determine the association between limb conformation scores in gilts and retention through the second parity. Animals--961 gilts. Procedure--Gilts were monitored for 1 year. Baseline data recorded were conformation scores for the forelimbs and hind limbs and backfat thickness. Primary outcome was time to removal from a herd, and the secondary outcome was time to removal as a result of lameness. Results--662 of 961 (68.89%) females remained in herds through the second parity, whereas 299 (31.11%) were removed before the second parity. Survival time for females on the basis of conformation scores for the forelimbs and hind limbs differed significantly for total sow removals and removals as a result of lameness. Females with poor conformation scores for the hind limbs had an increased risk of being removed, compared with risk for females with better conformation scores. Risk of removal specifically as a result of lameness increased as conformation score for the hind limbs became poorer, Proportion of the total population that was removed and could be attributed to undesirable limb conformation was 16.13% for forelimbs and 12.90% for hind limbs. Conclusions and Clinical Relevance--Females with undesirable conformation were removed earlier than females with desirable conformation. This was particularly true for females with low conformation scores for the hind limbs. Selection of gilts on the basis of limb conformation may result in reduced attrition of females and improved performance of herds over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Motivated by recent work on asymptotic correct exchange-correlation potentials, this paper investigates properties of the Fermi-Amaldi model for the exchange-correlation potential. It compares atomic excitation energies for Hydrogen through Argon to orbital energy differences computed using the exact Kohn-Sham potential and the Fermi-Amaldi approximation to the Kohn-Sham potential. While the Fermi-Amaldi model is not a particularly good model for the exchange-correlation energy, its eigenvalue spectrum is semi-quantitatively correct for alkali metals and alkaline earths. However, it is not accurate for p -block atoms, which suggests that the Fermi-Amaldi model may not be a superior choice for asymptotically correcting exchange-correlation potentials. It is suggested that asymptotic correction involving the Fukui function would give better results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

My earlier research has shown that Niżām al-Dīn al-Nīsābūns (d. c. 1329 C. E.) portrayal of nature in his tafsīr was faithful to science and falsafa. In this paper, through more comparisons with Fahr al-Dīn al-Rāzī's (d. 1209 C. E.) tafsīr, we will find that additional scientific information enhances the reader's understanding of certain āyāt. I will investigate two specific cases in which Nīsābūrī proposed a physical explanation for how the motions of the heavens could be an intermediary for God's control over terrestrial events. Finally, I will investigate the place of Nīsābūrī's portrayals of nature in his religious thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The difficulty of reasoning tasks depends on their relational complexity, which increases with the number of relations that must be considered simultaneously to make an inference, and on the number of irrelevant items that must be inhibited. The authors examined the ability of younger and older adults to integrate multiple relations and inhibit irrelevant stimuli. Young adults performed well at all but the highest level of relational complexity, whereas older adults performed poorly even at a medium level of relational complexity, especially when irrelevant information was presented. Simulations based on a neurocomputational model of analogical reasoning, Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies (LISA), suggest that the observed decline in reasoning performance may be explained by a decline in attention and inhibitory functions in older adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analog is important for learning and discovery and is considered a core component of intelligence. We present a computational account of analogical reasoning that is compatible with data we have collected from patients with cortical degeneration of either their frontal or anterior temporal cortices due to frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD). These two patient groups showed different deficits in picture and verbal analogies: frontal lobe FTLD patients tended to make errors due to semantic memory loss. Using the "Learning and Inference with Schemas and Analogies" model, we provide a specific account of how such deficits may arise within neural neutral supporting analogical problem solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information on a study that proposed a shunt active filter based on voltage distortion measurement to be connected to the end of a railway feeder section to provide reactive power compensation and harmonic damping/compensation. Methodology of the study; Results and discussion on the study; Conclusion.