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40 results on '"Moser, Gerit"'

1. Fluid shear stress induces a shift from glycolytic to amino acid pathway in human trophoblasts

Author

Brugger, Beatrice Anna, Neuper, Lena, Guettler, Jacqueline, Forstner, Désirée, Wernitznig, Stefan, Kummer, Daniel, Lyssy, Freya, Feichtinger, Julia, Krappinger, Julian, El-Heliebi, Amin, Bonstingl, Lilli, Moser, Gerit, Rodriguez-Blanco, Giovanny, Bachkönig, Olaf A., Gottschalk, Benjamin, Gruber, Michael, Nonn, Olivia, Herse, Florian, Verlohren, Stefan, Frank, Hans-Georg, Barapatre, Nirav, Kampfer, Cornelia, Fluhr, Herbert, Desoye, Gernot, and Gauster, Martin

Published
2023
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15. (Dis)similarities between the Decidual and Tumor Microenvironment

Author

Krstic, Jelena, primary, Deutsch, Alexander, additional, Fuchs, Julia, additional, Gauster, Martin, additional, Gorsek Sparovec, Tina, additional, Hiden, Ursula, additional, Krappinger, Julian Christopher, additional, Moser, Gerit, additional, Pansy, Katrin, additional, Szmyra, Marta, additional, Gold, Daniela, additional, Feichtinger, Julia, additional, and Huppertz, Berthold, additional

Published
2022
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17. Placental Endocrine Activity: Adaptation and Disruption of Maternal Glucose Metabolism in Pregnancy and the Influence of Fetal Sex

Author

Stern, Christina, Schwarz, Sarah, Moser, Gerit, Cvitic, Silvija, Jantscher-Krenn, Evelyn, Gauster, Martin, and Hiden, Ursula

Subjects
Male, placental endocrine function, QH301-705.5, Placenta, glucose metabolism, Endocrine System, Review, Adaptation, Physiological, Diabetes, Gestational, Chemistry, Fetus, Glucose, Sex Factors, insulin resistance, Humans, Insulin, Female, sex dimorphism, pregnancy, gestational diabetes, Biology (General), QD1-999
Abstract

The placenta is an endocrine fetal organ, which secretes a plethora of steroid- and proteo-hormones, metabolic proteins, growth factors, and cytokines in order to adapt maternal physiology to pregnancy. Central to the growth of the fetus is the supply with nutrients, foremost with glucose. Therefore, during pregnancy, maternal insulin resistance arises, which elevates maternal blood glucose levels, and consequently ensures an adequate glucose supply for the developing fetus. At the same time, maternal β-cell mass and function increase to compensate for the higher insulin demand. These adaptations are also regulated by the endocrine function of the placenta. Excessive insulin resistance or the inability to increase insulin production accordingly disrupts physiological modulation of pregnancy mediated glucose metabolism and may cause maternal gestational diabetes (GDM). A growing body of evidence suggests that this adaptation of maternal glucose metabolism differs between pregnancies carrying a girl vs. pregnancies carrying a boy. Moreover, the risk of developing GDM differs depending on the sex of the fetus. Sex differences in placenta derived hormones and bioactive proteins, which adapt and modulate maternal glucose metabolism, are likely to contribute to this sexual dimorphism. This review provides an overview on the adaptation and maladaptation of maternal glucose metabolism by placenta-derived factors, and highlights sex differences in this regulatory network.

Published
2021

22. Platelet-derived factors impair placental chorionic gonadotropin beta-subunit synthesis

Author

Forstner, Désirée, primary, Maninger, Sabine, additional, Nonn, Olivia, additional, Guettler, Jacqueline, additional, Moser, Gerit, additional, Leitinger, Gerd, additional, Pritz, Elisabeth, additional, Strunk, Dirk, additional, Schallmoser, Katharina, additional, Marsche, Gunther, additional, Heinemann, Akos, additional, Huppertz, Berthold, additional, and Gauster, Martin, additional

Published
2019
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37. ABSTRACTS: 6 Human trophoblast: Development of double tissue confrontation assays

Author

Flieser Nina, Moser Gerit, Theuerkauf Regine, and Huppertz Berthold

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Decidua, Decidua Parietalis, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Placentation, Trophoblast, Biology, humanities, Epithelium, Andrology, Cytokeratin, medicine.anatomical_structure, Endocrinology, Reproductive Medicine, Stroma, Internal medicine, embryonic structures, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Immunohistochemistry, health care economics and organizations, reproductive and urinary physiology
Abstract

Problem: Invasion of trophoblast differs between implantation and subsequent placentation. Here we present double tissue co-culture in vitro models for trophoblast invasion. Material and Methods: Pieces of decidua parietalis (6-12 weeks gestation) were confronted directly with villous explants (direct confrontation) or after separate preculture for 72h (indirect confrontation). For “indirect confrontation” decidua pieces re-epithelialized during preculture (constant agitation). All confrontations were harvested after 72h and were processed for immunohistochemistry. Results: During indirect confrontation immunohistochemical staining for HLA-G and cytokeratin 7 revealed trophoblast migration on top of the decidual epithelium and little invasion into the decidual stroma. During direct confrontation, the same staining revealed strong invasion of extravillous trophoblasts into decidual stroma. Conclusion: Trophoblasts confronted to decidual epithelium seem to be less invasive than trophoblasts confronted to the decidual stroma directly. These model systems will be further used to investigate mechanisms underlying the interactions between trophoblasts and decidual epithelium/stroma.

Published
2008
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39. Maternal Platelets—Friend or Foe of the Human Placenta?

Author

Moser, Gerit, Guettler, Jacqueline, Forstner, Désirée, and Gauster, Martin

Subjects
*PLACENTA, *TROPHOBLAST, *BLOOD platelets, *PREECLAMPSIA, *MATERNAL-fetal exchange, *PLATELET count, *BLOOD platelet activation
Abstract

Human pregnancy relies on hemochorial placentation, including implantation of the blastocyst and deep invasion of fetal trophoblast cells into maternal uterine blood vessels, enabling direct contact of maternal blood with placental villi. Hemochorial placentation requires fast and reliable hemostasis to guarantee survival of the mother, but also for the neonates. During human pregnancy, maternal platelet count decreases gradually from first, to second, and third trimester. In addition to hemodilution, accelerated platelet sequestration and consumption in the placental circulation may contribute to a decline of platelet count throughout gestation. Local stasis, turbulences, or damage of the syncytiotrophoblast layer can activate maternal platelets within the placental intervillous space and result in formation of fibrin-type fibrinoid. Perivillous fibrinoid is a regular constituent of the normal placenta which is considered to be an important regulator of intervillous hemodynamics, as well as having a role in shaping the developing villous trees. However, exaggerated activation of platelets at the maternal-fetal interface can provoke inflammasome activation in the placental trophoblast, and enhance formation of circulating platelet-monocyte aggregates, resulting in sterile inflammation of the placenta and a systemic inflammatory response in the mother. Hence, the degree of activation determines whether maternal platelets are a friend or foe of the human placenta. Exaggerated activation of maternal platelets can either directly cause or propagate the disease process in placenta-associated pregnancy pathologies, such as preeclampsia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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40. 6 Human trophoblast: Development of double tissue confrontation assays.

Author

Moser, Gerit, Theuerkauf, Regine, Flieser, Nina, and Huppertz, Berthold

Subjects
*TROPHOBLAST, *PLACENTA, *DECIDUA, *PREGNANCY, *IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
Abstract

Problem: Invasion of trophoblast differs between implantation and subsequent placentation. Here we present double tissue co-culture in vitro models for trophoblast invasion. Material and Methods: Pieces of decidua parietalis (6-12 weeks gestation) were confronted directly with villous explants (direct confrontation) or after separate preculture for 72h (indirect confrontation). For “indirect confrontation” decidua pieces re-epithelialized during preculture (constant agitation). All confrontations were harvested after 72h and were processed for immunohistochemistry. Results: During indirect confrontation immunohistochemical staining for HLA-G and cytokeratin 7 revealed trophoblast migration on top of the decidual epithelium and little invasion into the decidual stroma. During direct confrontation, the same staining revealed strong invasion of extravillous trophoblasts into decidual stroma. Conclusion: Trophoblasts confronted to decidual epithelium seem to be less invasive than trophoblasts confronted to the decidual stroma directly. These model systems will be further used to investigate mechanisms underlying the interactions between trophoblasts and decidual epithelium/stroma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008
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