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Lung cancer is notoriously known for its predisposition to metastasize to the bones. Diagnostic tools, including positron emission tomography coupled with computed tomography, offer increased sensitivity in detecting bone infiltration. Management strategies encompass a multidisciplinary approach, including pharmacological pain management, anti-resorptive therapy, radiotherapy, interventional techniques, and surgery. This article provides an in-depth analysis of the incidence and distribution of bone metastases, skeletal-related events (SRE), diagnostic imaging techniques, and contemporary therapeutic strategies to prevent SRE. Systemic anticancer therapy and pain management, although crucial for treating BM, are not discussed in this article., Competing Interests: Le Dr Nguyen-Ngoc a travaillé comme consultant indépendant et/ou participé à des comités consultatifs et donné des conférences pour AstraZeneca, Bristol-Myers Squibb, F. Hoffmann-La Roche, Merck, Sharp and Dohme et Novartis. Les honoraires vont à son institution. La Dre Bouchaab a participé à des comités consultatifs pour Amgen et Novartis. La Pre Peters rapporte des honoraires (institutionnels) d’AiCME, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, BMS, ecancer, Eli Lilly, Foundation Medicine, GSK, Illumina, Imedex, Ipsen, Medscape, Merck Sharp and Dohme, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., Novartis, PER, PeerView, Pfizer, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc., RTP, Sanofi, Takeda, et Galencia ; un soutien financier (institutionnel) de Amgen, Arcus, AstraZeneca, BeiGene, BMS, GSK, iTeos, Merck Sharp et Dohme, Mirati Therapeutics, Inc., Pharma Mar, Promontory Therapeutics, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd/Genentech, Inc., et Seattle Genetics ; et est membre de l’ESMO, ASCO, AACR, IASLC, SSOM, SAKK, et ETOP. La Dre Mederos a participé à des comités consultatifs pour Pharma Mar, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp and Dohme et Bristol-Myers Squibb. Les autres auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Driven by highly specialized medicine, research and the quest for personalization of treatments, oncology witnessed substantial advances in 2019. This year numerous treatments have consolidated their importance and broadened their indications. Multiple innovative treatments, currently under study, brought hope for future advances, while biomarkers, such as PD-L1, microsatellite instability (MSI), tumor mutational burden (TMB), BRCA1/2 gene mutations, and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) allowed better selection and customization of available treatments. This article provides an overview of this year's advances in oncology.

Morbid obesity plays an increasingly important role in healthcare. Patients who are severely obese often suffer from a range of medical problems. One problem is obesity-related hypoventilation syndrome with its resulting hypercapnia. We report a case of a 33-year-old female patient who was in an extraordinarily bad medical state, with severe hypercapnia (pCO2 15.1 kPa), sepsis, acute anuric kidney failure and resulting acidosis (pH 6.96). Her body mass index was 84 kg/m2. Her chances of survival were considered very low after failed attempts at noninvasive ventilation. Based on prior research, we refrained from intubation and chose venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation to treat the hypercapnia. In the entire medical literature, we are not aware of a similarly extraordinary case of obesity-related hypoventilation syndrome that could finally be treated successfully. The idea behind this case report is to consider venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation as an alternative to intubation in this patient collective.

Old World cutaneous and mucosal leishmaniasis is a potentially serious disease. Systemic treatment approaches with pentavalent antimonials, liposomal amphotericin B, fluconazole and miltefosine are increasingly used despite the absence of supportive evidence - to date, no prospective clinical trials have been conducted for systemic treatment of these diseases. We performed a literature search to delineate the contemporary evidence for the use of liposomal amphotericin B, and found that although cure rates of 17/20 (85%) were achieved in immune competent patients with Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis and cure rates of 10/13 (77%) for Old World mucosal leishmaniasis due to L. infantum, the available data is highly limited with high variation in total treatment dosages. The presented findings reflect a lack of consensus on the optimal treatment dosage and on the schedule of application., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Due to the chronic lack of beds in hospitals, patients are often hospitalized in other departments (outlier patients), with a responsible physician working in another department. This causes increased thromboembolics risks, nosocomial infections, falls and delirium in the elderly, morbidity and mortality. Outlier patients, compared to standard patients, stay longer in the emergency department and their discharge documents are available later. Outlying is used daily in the CHUV hospital and new strategies are elaborated to manage patient flow, especially during the flu epidemic. The purpose of this article is to review the literature on this subject., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.

Complicated Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL) and Old World mucosal leishmaniasis (OWML) constitute an indication for systemic treatment. To date, there no controlled clinical studies that compare treatment options for these diseases. We compiled a case series of 24 cases successfully treated with miltefosine. We conclude that oral miltefosine is an effective treatment option for both OWCL and OWML.