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The article analyzes the rapid progress in the artificial intelligence sector as one of the most promising areas of information and communication technologies. There is observed an increase in the use of the generative artificial intelligence (GenAI) system in various business areas and a significant increase in investment. The authors focus on the need to implement GenAI in Ukrainian business. At the same time, they emphasize the emergence of negative consequences that arise from the development of artificial intelligence (AI), that in particular can be either accidental or malicious. The importance of risk management in the context of the use of GenAI for effective application in business is emphasized. An analysis of scientific publications in the field of artificial intelligence shows an increasing interest in understanding and analyzing the risks of the development and use of AI. The need for continuous monitoring and development of institutional frameworks for effective AI risk management is underlined, including integrating the efforts of all stakeholders and differentiating efforts at different stages of the development and use of AI. It is noted that the development and use of AI have probable negative consequences, which range from random to deliberately mixed. Sometimes the information generated by AI systems may not be accurate, and sometimes it is biased in nature based on gender, race, and other stereotypes and can be used to facilitate unethical or criminal activities. Some of the inherent risks of AI have already been explored, while others remain unknown. This situation necessitates systematic monitoring of the possible implications of AI development and adoption, as well as the development of appropriate institutional frameworks to assess progress in this area.

The article discusses the specifics of the educational activities of the university the territorial branch in a small town as a center for the development of classical education. The place and role of universities in the development of small towns is being studied. Territorial branches of universities can act as a kind of “points of growth” of their development, performing important social tasks: raising the cultural and educational level of the population, training personnel, attracting socially active youth, preserving the cultural heritage of the city, etc. Also, such branches can create and maintain a kind of socio-psychological environment of the classical university with its values of scientific knowledge and intellectual creativity. Summing up the study, the authors offer their own options for improving the educational process in the territorial branches of universities.

This article covers a study of the industrial civilization phenomenon in courses on history, cultural studies, philosophy and political science for pupils and students. It focuses on features of industrial society development which students need to know in order to get a holistic picture of historical and cultural processes. Moreover, this article shows the relationship between the development of industrial society and the formation of political ideologies as well as provides advisories to help teachers explain these aspects to students. Addressing ways of explaining the specifics of Russian industrial society development to students is another major focus of this article.

Theoretical and practical development of the problem of students’ adaptation in a foreign language and multicultural society is one of the key problems of the academic mobility development of the individual throughout life. The need to solve this problem is determined by the socio-cultural dynamics of education development in the context of its global shifts, transformations, and systemic changes. The purpose of the article is to conduct a theoretical analysis of the problem of students' adaptation in the foreign language and multicultural society of the metropolis. The article deals with the problem of cross-cultural adaptation of foreign students in Russian universities to the foreign language and multicultural social medium of the metropolis. The phenomenon of cross-cultural adaptation is studied on an interdisciplinary basis. The authors consider the theoretical approaches to the study of various aspects of cross-cultural adaptation of a person to a foreign language and multicultural society, as well as analyze the educational opportunities and potential of intercultural interaction based on the dialogue of cultures as a mechanism underlying the process of adaptation of students in the foreign language and multicultural society of the metropolis. According to the authors, the success of foreign students’ education is also determined by their readiness to accept the entire cultural diversity of the foreign-speaking world and foreign language culture, as well as their tolerant attitude toward them. The article highlights and characterizes the main directions and specific content of students’ adaptation to foreign language and multicultural society. The authors conclude that cross-cultural adaptation can be an effective way for foreign students to enter the new socio-cultural conditions of the foreign language and multicultural society of the metropolis.

The article deals with some pedagogical aspects of the digitalization of education. As it is shown in the article, the problem of digital education has been systematically analyzed and discussed for the last two decades by various analysts, researchers, and experts. Most of them consider the transition of education into its digital stage as the greatest turning point in the history of civilization and its culture. At present, teachers are facing quite new educational and pedagogical functions. The idea of a digital teacher as the leader of digital educational activity is in the focus of the analysis presented in the article. Educational platforms, online courses, digital textbooks, etc. influence on the transformation of the educational environment. Education is becoming more personalized. The content of teaching and learning is being changed radically according to its new values, meanings, orientations, as well as educational and pedagogical discourses. It is stressed in the article that teacher’s digital skills and competencies should be identified as the key professional pedagogical skills and competencies for his or her life-long learning, professional development and professional growth due to the challenges of the 21st-century knowledge, information and innovations society and education. To fulfill a system of professional-pedagogical and educational functions more effectively and to guarantee the optimal implementation of information and communication technologies (ICTs), it is quite necessary for teachers to have adequate skills and competencies that characterize his or her digital professional culture of teaching.

Conceptions of a decent human existence are an important social ideal and mental reference point of modernity. Since the era of the New Times one can see the desire of the West to monopolize the idea of a decent human existence and associate it primarily with its own cultural and legal tradition. The paper notes that the Russian historical and philosophical thought has developed its own concept of decent human existence which could make the original concept of the rule of law in Russia.

Stereochemically inert cationic cobalt(III) complexes were shown to be one-component catalysts for the synthesis of cyclic carbonates from epoxides and carbon dioxide at 50 °C and 5 MPa carbon dioxide pressure. The optimal catalyst possessed an iodide counter anion and could be recycled. A catalytic cycle is proposed in which the ligand of the cobalt complexes acts as a hydrogen-bond donor, activating the epoxide towards ring opening by the halide anion and activating the carbon dioxide for subsequent reaction with the halo-alkoxide. No kinetic resolution was observed when terminal epoxides were used as substrates, but chalcone oxide underwent kinetic resolution., (© 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

(S)- and (R)-BIMBOL were efficient PT catalysts of asymmetric Michael addition of prochiral Ni-PBP-Gly (1) to acrylic esters and malonic esters to Ni-PBP-Δ-Ala (2) correspondingly. The salient feature of the catalysis is opposite configurations of Glu prepared via the two paths with BIMBOL of the same configuration and a perspective novel catalytic procedure for the synthesis of Gla derivatives.

A novel simple synthetic protocol for the preparation of both (2S,4R)- and (2S,4S)-FGlu, applying Michael addition of methyl α-fluoroacrylate to a NiII complex of glycine Schiff base with BPB, was elaborated. In addition, same reaction of mentioned complex with ethyl α-bromoacrylate leads to the NiII complex of the Schiff base of BPB with (2S,4R)-4-bromo-glutamic acid monoester, that can be transformed into the corresponding complexes of 1-aminocyclopropane-1,2-dicarboxylic acid. The decomposition of the diastereoisomerically pure complexes leads to corresponding enantiomerically enriched (ee>98%) amino acids.

A pathogenetic model of infantile cerebral palsy caused by maternal antiphospholipid (APS) syndrome has been elaborated. Thirty-two children with cerebral palsy born to mothers with clinical signs of APS have been studied. The basic clinical feature of cerebral palsy in children was the prevalence of the double hemiplegic form, the absence of severe cognitive disorders, global muscular hypotrophy, rapid contracture formation and a tendency to frequent respiratory diseases. A seropositive APS variant was found in 42% of mothers examined, the seronegative one--in 58%. Such factors as (1) fetoplacental insufficiency and hypoxia caused by vascular infarctions of the placenta; (2) transplacental passage of antiphospholipid antibodies from a mother to a child; (3) intracerebral hemorrhages and periventricular leucomalacia in infants play the key role in the pathogenesis of cerebral palsy in children born to mothers with APS.

Based on the literature and their own observations of 44 children aged 5-15 years (27 girls, 17 boys) with prior strokes, the authors characterize the types of strokes and principle causes of the disease as follows: (1) intracerebral and subarachnoidal hemorrhages (key etiology--arteriovenous malformations, blood disorders, coagulopathy, thrombocytopenias, thrombocytopathy, etc.) and (2) ischemic strokes i.e. (i) thrombotic (congenital and acquired vascular aplasias, angiitis, antiphospholipoid and viral vasculopathy, blood system coagulate activation, etc.); (ii) embolic (cardiogenic, septic, placental, etc.) and (iii) hemodynamic as a consequence of severe cardiomyopathy and disrupted total hemodynamics. The definitions of metabolic stroke as a complication of mitochondrial encephalopathy, homocystinuria and non-differentiated stroke caused more often by emergence of pathologic weariness of connective tissues were suggested. To elicit the stroke causes and types in children, the authors propose a reliable algorithm for clinico-instrumental diagnostic screening in acute period of stroke.

A (salen)titanium catalyst has been found to induce the asymmetric addition of potassium cyanide and acetic anhydride to aldehydes, giving enantiomerically enriched cyanohydrin esters with up to 92% enantiomeric excess using just 1 mol% of the catalyst. This is the first report of the asymmetric synthesis of cyanohydrin derivatives using a cyanide source which is non-volatile and inexpensive.