32 results on '"Mosley, Layna"'
Search Results
2. Contingent Advantage? Sovereign Borrowing, Democratic Institutions and Global Capital Cycles.
- Author
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Ballard-Rosa, Cameron, Mosley, Layna, and Wellhausen, Rachel L
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CAPITAL market , *PUBLIC debts , *GOVERNMENT policy on bonds (Finance) - Abstract
How do domestic and global factors shape governments' capacity to issue debt in primary capital markets? Consistent with the 'democratic advantage', we identify domestic institutional mechanisms, including executive constraints and policy transparency, that facilitate debt issuance rather than electoral events. Most importantly, we argue that the democratic advantage is contingent: investors' attention to domestic politics varies with conditions in global capital markets. When global financial liquidity is low, investors are risk-averse, and political risk constrains governments' capacity to borrow. But when global markets are flush, investors are risk-tolerant and less sensitive to political risk. We support our argument with new data on 245,000 government bond issues in primary capital markets – the point at which governments' costs of market access matter most – for 131 sovereign issuers (1990–2016). In doing so, we highlight the role of systemic factors, which are under-appreciated in much 'open economy politics' research, in determining access to capital markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2021
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3. Decompensating domestically: the political economy of anti-globalism.
- Author
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Bisbee, James, Mosley, Layna, Pepinsky, Thomas B., and Rosendorff, B. Peter
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FREE trade , *PROTECTIONISM , *XENOPHOBIA , *GLOBALIZATION , *POPULISM , *ANIMAL fighting - Abstract
The rise of populism across advanced industrial countries presents a challenge to the institutions and norms that make up the current global order and threatens to undo the global system that has enabled decades of free trade and investment. We outline in this paper a domestic political economy account of the contemporary crisis of the global order, rooted in disenchantment with the redistributive bargain between globalization's winners and losers. We present individual and local-level evidence that is consistent with this account, first documenting the decline of the embedded liberal compromise over the past 40 years in Europe, and then providing individual-level evidence from the United States of growing protectionism and xenophobia in response to import exposure, particularly among respondents whose occupational profile is most risk-exposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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4. Protecting Workers Abroad and Industries at Home: Rights-based Conditionality in Trade Preference Programs.
- Author
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Hafner-Burton, Emilie M., Mosley, Layna, and Galantucci, Robert
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CONDITIONALITY (International relations) , *TARIFF preferences , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *HUMAN rights , *EMPLOYEE rights , *IMPORTS , *HUMAN rights violations - Abstract
A growing number of developed country governments link good governance, including human rights, to developing countries' access to aid, trade, and investment. We consider whether governments enforce these conditions sincerely, in response to rights violations, or whether such conditions might instead be used as a veil for protectionist policies, motivated by domestic concerns about import competition. We do so via an examination of the world's most important unilateral trade preference program, the US Generalized System of Preferences (GSP), which includes worker rights as one criterion for program access. We argue that the two-tiered structure of the GSP privileges some domestic interests at one level, while disadvantaging them at the other. Using a new data set on all US GSP beneficiary countries and sanctioning measures from 1986 to 2013, we demonstrate that labor rights outcomes play a role in the maintenance of country-level trade benefits and that import competition does not condition the application of rights-based criteria at this level. At the same, however, the US government does not consider worker rights in the elements (at the country-product level) of the program that have the greatest material impact. The result is a situation in which the US government talks somewhat sincerely at the country level in its rights-based conditionality, but its behavior at the country-product level cheapens this talk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2019
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5. Chains of Love? Global Production and the Firm‐Level Diffusion of Labor Standards.
- Author
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Malesky, Edmund J. and Mosley, Layna
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PRODUCTION standards , *GLOBALIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *PRICE markup , *PROFITABILITY - Abstract
Abstract: Under what conditions does the global economy serve as a means for the diffusion of labor standards and practices? We anticipate variation among internationally engaged firms in their propensity to improve labor standards. Upgrading is most likely when a firm's products exhibit significant cross‐market differences in markups, making accessing high‐standards overseas markets particularly profitable. Additionally, upgrading is more likely when lead firms attach a high salience to labor standards. Therefore, while participation in global production induces “trading up” behaviors among firms overall, the effect strength varies across industries. We test our expectations via a survey experiment, which queries foreign firms operating in Vietnam about their willingness to invest in labor‐related upgrading. We find strong evidence for the effect of markups on upgrading choices and suggestive evidence for the saliency mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2018
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6. Workers’ rights in global value chains: possibilities for protection and for peril.
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Mosley, Layna
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EMPLOYEE rights , *SUPPLY chains , *WORK environment , *LOW-income countries , *MIDDLE-income countries - Abstract
I consider the effect of global supply chain production – in contrast to directly owned overseas production – for labour rights in low- and middle-income countries. I develop a set of hypotheses regarding the conditions under which supply chain workers are most likely to experience improvements in their working conditions and procedural rights. In doing so, I highlight the importance of host country governments in the protection of labour rights: while private governance efforts have intensified in recent years, their success is conditional on local political actors’ interests in the protection of workers’ rights. Put differently, appropriate protections for labour require that the incentives of participating firms (foreign or domestic) and host country governments align. I also suggest how future research might best explore these dynamics, by focusing its attention at the firm and supply chain (rather than at the country) level. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
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- 2017
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7. Labor Rights in the Age of Global Supply Chains.
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MOSLEY, LAYNA
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EMPLOYEE rights , *SUPPLY chains , *GLOBALIZATION & society , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *LABOR unions , *FORCED labor , *CHILD labor , *ECONOMICS - Abstract
The article discusses how issues like labor rights, labor unions and trade policies affects the global supply chain and also how they affect the economic relationship between the developed and developing countries. Topics include how globalization and technological changes affects factors like forced labor and child labor, and the how multinational firms affect local economies, labor and their wages.
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- 2017
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8. Migration, Labor, and the International Political Economy.
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Mosley, Layna and Singer, David A.
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *GOVERNMENT policy , *LABOR organizing , *MIGRANT labor , *INTERNATIONAL finance , *LABOR unions - Abstract
In the field of international political economy, workers are commonly analyzed as objects of global economic forces whose fate is determined by the profit-seeking behaviors of firms and governments. Workers, however, can also assert themselves to protect their rights, and they can emigrate to other countries to find employment. We analyze the literature on the nexus between the international economy and labor with a focus on workers on both the receiving and originating ends of global finance. Beginning with workers as inputs in multinational production, we explore the roles of economic openness, factor endowments, government policy, and unionization as drivers of workers' rights. We then shift to workers as migrant labor and explore the impact of migrants' own cross-border financial transfers-also known as remittances-on political outcomes in their home countries. Our overview not only highlights tremendous progress in explaining the agency and vulnerability of labor in the global economy but also reveals significant weaknesses in recent research, especially a mismatch between micro-level theorizing and macro-level data analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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9. Revenue Substitution? How Foreign Aid Inflows Moderate the Effect of Bilateral Trade Pressures on Labor Rights.
- Author
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Lim, Sijeong, Mosley, Layna, and Prakash, Aseem
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INTERNATIONAL economic assistance , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *EMPLOYEE rights , *EXPORTS , *FINANCIAL leverage - Abstract
Summary This paper investigates how foreign aid inflows moderate bilateral trade-based pressures on the exporting countries’ labor rights. Because aid provides additional resources to recipient governments, it reduces the importance aid-recipient governments attach to the preferences of their export partners. Consequently, aid inadvertently moderates the leverage exercised by importing countries on the governments of exporting, developing countries. Our analysis of a panel of 91 aid recipient countries for the period 1985–2002 lends support to the “revenue substitution” hypothesis. When aid levels are low, bilateral trade-based pressures are associated with improved labor rights. As aid levels rise, however, the effect loses significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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10. Labor Rights, Material Interests, and Moral Entrepreneurship.
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Mosley, Layna and Tello, Lindsay
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EMPLOYEE rights , *LOBBYING , *COMMERCIAL treaties , *CLOTHING factories - Abstract
This article explores the role of moral entrepreneurship--activism by normatively focused groups, often acting nationally as well as transnationally--in labor rights activism. We focus specifically on activism related to US preferential trade agreements (PTAs). We explore how labor-related provisions have made their way into these agreements and how their inclusion has changed over time. Our main focus is on the efforts of interest groups to lobby US policymakers regarding various US PTAs. We discuss whether these lobbying efforts are cast in material or moral terms. In considering several PTAs during the 1990s and 2000s, we find that most efforts are based on material claims, or on a combination of material and moral concerns. We rarely observe lobbying activities that are cast purely in terms of the normative goal of protecting workers' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2015
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11. Con$ngent Convergence (or Divergence): Unpacking the Linkages between Labor Rights and Foreign Direct Investment.
- Author
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Greenhill, Brian, Mosley, Layna, and Prakash, Aseem
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We explore the impact of foreign direct investment, disaggregated by home (source) country on labor rights outcomes in developing nations. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
12. Private Market Reaction to Institutional Change: International Bond Investors and Turkey's EU Accession.
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Mosley, Layna and Hardie, Iain
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INVESTORS , *INSTITUTIONAL investments , *BONDS (Finance) , *FINANCIAL markets ,EUROPEAN Union membership - Abstract
This paper considers international bond investor reaction to Turkey's possible EU accession. We demonstrate that investors react positively to even this far-distant and uncertain event, suggesting that investors could react much further in advance of political events and institutional change than suggested by existing analysis of the impact of politics on financial market actors. We show that one of the main changes brought about by the accession process is the emergence of new investors, able to invest only because of that accession process. This both highlights the importance of disaggregating financial markets, and suggests that market reaction to institutional change is likely to be especially important when that institutional change results not only in reactions by existing investors, but also changes in the types of investors active in a particular market. We make some brief comparisons between the EU accession process and IMF programmes. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2009
13. Risk, Uncertainty and Autonomy: Financial Market Constraints in Developing Nations.
- Author
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Brooks, Sarah M. and Mosley, Layna
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RISK , *EMERGING markets , *MACROECONOMICS , *FINANCIAL markets , *BOND market ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
We investigate the correlates of sovereign risk for emerging market borrowers, with a focus on the relative impact of government ideology, government time in office, and macroeconomic conditions. We build upon previous research that identifies partisan signals and macroeconomic conditions as important determinants of sovereign risk assessments, as measured by interest rate spreads on secondary bond markets. In contrast to much of the extant work on this subject, we argue that risk assessments based on partisan signals and macroeconomic conditions are conditional rather than constant. Specifically, the importance to investors of partisan as well as economic signals is contingent on the availability of information with which market actors can assess a particular government's risk type. Where investors have little other information - in particular, no track record related to a government's time in office - they will rely more heavily on partisan signals and macroeconomic indicators. This type of uncertainty regarding a government's attitude toward and propensity for default is likely to generate a partisan risk premium: investors will worry more about, and demand higher spreads from, left-oriented governments. Similarly, when political newcomers, rather than long-serving incumbents, hold office, macroeconomic conditions (specifically, accumulated government debt) will be more salient to investors' risk assessments. In sum, the importance of partisan and macroeconomic considerations to investors is greatest in low-information environments, such as the period surrounding a change in governments. The importance of partisanship and macroeconomic conditions declines as investors become better able to assess the government's type via other information. As the government takes office and as cabinets are formed (and finance ministers and/or central bankers are appointed), markets can make more sophisticated judgments regarding political - and, specifically, default - risk. And, through its appointments as well as its policy actions, the new government is able to signal its policy priorities, to domestic constituents as well as to (domestic and international) investors. The result is that, as investors become more confident in their capacity to assess the risk type of the new government, their risk assessments will be less strongly influenced by partisan and macroeconomic risk indicators. We look to the case of Brazil for preliminary evidence to evaluate these hypotheses. We then test our expectations statistically, using data on sovereign risk spreads for 30 emerging market nations from 1993 to 2004. Our results provide qualified support for our expectations. We find that macroeconomic factors and government default history weigh heavily in the determination of sovereign bond spreads, and that the effect of these indicators is mitigated by governments' time in office. While left governments are penalized with higher bond spreads when they are new to office, this premium diminishes with time. We also find that increasing debt-to-GDP ratios are associated with larger bond spreads for new governments, and that this effect is dampened as a government's time in office increases. Incumbency does not condition the importance of inflation performance on sovereign risk spreads, however. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
14. Dropping Zeros and Gaining Credibility? Currency Redenomination in Developing Nations.
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Mosley, Layna
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DEVALUATION of currency , *FOREIGN exchange , *MONETARY policy , *MONEY ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
The article investigates the conditions under which developing and transition nations engage in currency redenomination. According to the researcher, currency redenomination was employed on 60 occasions during the 1960-2003 period in developing and transition nations. The presence of large-denomination notes was used as an indicator for the need to redenominate, as in the case of Argentina in the 1960s. Another key reason for redenomination is the policy of government to reduce its own domestic currency-denominated obligations.
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- 2005
15. Regulating International Finance: The Use and Utility of Public-Private Models.
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Mosley, Layna
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INTERNATIONAL finance , *PUBLIC sector , *PRIVATE sector , *FINANCIAL institutions ,DEVELOPED countries - Abstract
This paper explores the use of regulatory regimes in global finance, with a focus on the consequences of their design and operation. It begins with a discussion of the overall role of global regulation, and then examines the regulation of global finance, with special attention to its sources as well as to its effects on equity and efficiency. I posit that one of the distinguishing features of rule-setting in the contemporary era is its use of public as well as private actors. In many instances, regulatory efforts depend on public (government) agents to set rules, and on a combination of public and private sector enforcement. Despite the variance across regulatory regimes in the role of private actors, recent scholarship on international institutions has done little to explore the sources of variation in international rule-setting, nor to investigate the consequences of this variation for the character of international regulation. To address this issue, I develop two hypotheses regarding the impact of private sector participation on regulatory efforts ? a distributional hypothesis and an effectiveness hypothesis. I argue that, while private sector participation can increase the effectiveness of international and transnational rule-setting efforts, it also can have distributional consequences. Financial institutions have tended to serve the interests of powerful states, and of powerful constituencies within those states, thereby limiting their progress in equity. This presents the global community with a difficult challenge ? to broaden the voice of developing countries and non-financial actors in the regulatory process, while maintaining the cooperation of developed nations and financial sector players. The paper concludes with an initial empirical assessment of the effectiveness hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2004
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16. Racing to the Bottom or Climbing to the Top? Foreign Direct Investment and Collective Labor Rights.
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Mosley, Layna and Uno, Saika
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GLOBALIZATION , *ECONOMIC development , *PRODUCTION (Economic theory) , *COLLECTIVE labor agreements , *FOREIGN workers , *FOREIGN investments - Abstract
This article addresses a key issue in debates regarding economic globalization: to what extent does the internationalization of production, via foreign direct investment, lead to increased abuses of workers in developing countries? Using a new dataset on collective labor rights violations, we assess the relationship between foreign direct investment and labor rights violations in over 100 developing nations, for 1985-2000. Our focus is on the legal rights and actual capacity of workers to organize, strike, and bargain collectively. In cross-sectional time series analyses, we find that, where accumulated stocks of foreign direct investment are higher, violations of collective labor rights are greater. We also report evidence of competition within groups of countries: labor rights violations in one country are strongly associated with labor rights violations in the region, as well as in other countries at similar levels of development. These findings suggest that the critics of economic globalization have a point: foreign direct investment could lead to downward pressures on workers? collective rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
17. Racing to the Bottom or Climbing to the Top? Foreign Direct Investment and Human Rights.
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Mosley, Layna and Uno, Saika
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FOREIGN investments , *HUMAN rights , *EMPLOYEE rights , *CIVIL rights , *LABOR laws ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This project advances the research on the direct investment-human rights relationship by applying a more nuanced analytical framework. While we employ existing aggregate measures of human rights practices, we also formulate a new, more specific index of labor rights practices. The index is based on a 37-point scale of labor rights violations, and draws on information from the ILO, the ICFTU, and the US State Department Human Rights Reports. Our index represents the component of human rights practices that is most likely to be related causally to foreign direct investment flows. In addition, we consider the impact not only of overall levels of FDI, but also of the sectoral composition and geographic sources of FDI. On the basis of our analyses of data on labor standards, human rights, and direct investment in developing nations (for the 1980-1999 period), we conclude that foreign direct investment has a mixed impact on labor and human rights in developing nations. Foreign direct investment is not necessarily good, in a normative sense, for developing nations; but neither is it necessarily harmful. In fact, our evidence suggests that some types of foreign economic activity are associated with improved human and labor rights, but others are related to deteriorations in these rights. We also suggest that the impact of direct investment is contingent on the structure of the domestic economy. In economies that are characterized by more capital-intensive production, workers rights are generally better, even when controlling for a variety of international economic and domestic political factors. Furthermore, we note that, when considering the causal relationships between foreign economic factors and labor rights, it is analytically important to differentiate between labor standards and overall human rights practices, as well as between levels of rights and changes in rights over time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
18. Golden Straightjacket or Golden Opportunity? Sovereign Borrowing in the 19th and Early 20th Centuries.
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Mosley, Layna
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GOLD standard , *INTERNATIONAL liquidity , *MONETARY systems , *CURRENCY question , *MONETARY policy , *FISCAL policy , *PUBLIC finance - Abstract
What incentives did the classical gold standard provide for its maintenance? How did the benefits of the gold standard help it to be come a central piece of macroeconomic policy in the pre-World War I era? While the gold standard provided a variety of benefits to governments and societies, such as monetary restraint and the facilitation of trade flows, this paper focuses on the impact of the gold standard on sovereign borrowing. I argue that the classical gold standard regime served as both a constraint and an opportunity for governments, in a way similar to present-day currency boards, or to Economic and Monetary Union. Because it required automatic adjustment in response to balance of payments imbalances, as well as the free flow of capital and goods, the gold standard privileged external commitments (the maintenance of par values) over nations? internal conditions. Governments? monetary policy autonomy was surrendered in service to the gold standard regime. At the same time, however, commitment to the gold standard allowed governments to access international capital markets at lower rates of interest; gold convertibility appeared to signal sound government finances, as well as future debt servicing capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2002
19. Regulating globally, implementing locally: The financial codes and standards effort.
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Mosley, Layna
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL markets , *BORDER trade , *COMMERCIAL markets , *GLOBALIZATION , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *INTERNATIONAL finance , *INTERNATIONAL trade - Abstract
This article explores the effort, during the last decade, to develop a set of global standards and codes to govern international capital markets. I posit that, despite global capital market pressures, this effort should have limited success in low and middle-income countries. Drawing upon a historical institutionalist framework, I suggest that domestic political institutions, as well as interests, often will lead to the failure of governments to implement global codes and standards. After describing briefly the motivations for and substance of the standards and code project, I summarize trends in the national implementation of such standards. I then point to several instances of policy feedback, in which the existing domestic regulatory institutions in middle-income countries rendered the adoption of new international rules difficult, technically as well as politically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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20. Trade-based Diffusion of Labor Rights: A Panel Study, 1986–2002.
- Author
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GREENHILL, BRIAN, MOSLEY, LAYNA, and PRAKASH, ASEEM
- Abstract
This article investigates the nature of the linkages between trade and labor rights in developing countries. Specifically, we hypothesize that a “California effect” serves to transmit superior labor standards from importing to exporting countries, in a manner similar to the transmission of environmental standards. We maintain that, all else being equal, the labor standards of a given country are influenced not by its overall level of trade openness, but by the labor standards of its trading partners. We evaluate our hypothesis using a panel of 90 developing countries over the period 1986–2002, and we separately examine the extent to which the labor laws and the actual labor practices of the countries are influenced by those of their export destinations. We find that strong legal protections of collective labor rights in a country's export destinations are associated with more stringent labor laws in the exporting country. This California effect finding is, however, weaker in the context of labor rights practices, highlighting the importance of distinguishing between formal legislation and actual implementation of labor rights. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2009
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21. The Global Financial Crisis: Lessons and Opportunities for International Political Economy.
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Mosley, Layna and Singer, DavidAndrew
- Subjects
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GLOBAL Financial Crisis, 2008-2009 , *ECONOMIC research , *EMERGING markets , *FINANCIAL policy , *FINANCIAL services industry , *POLITICAL participation - Abstract
The authors discuss how the global financial crisis could affect research in the international political economy (IPE) discipline. They suggest that IPE research may begin to focus on differences between domestic financial regulations in different countries, the participation of emerging-market nations in global regulatory bodies such as the G20 and ways that financial firms can affect economic policies.
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- 2009
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22. Taking Stock Seriously: Equity-Market Performance, Government Policy, and Financial Globalization.
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Mosley, Layna and Singer, David Andrew
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INTERNATIONAL relations , *INTEREST rate policy , *MONETARY policy , *ECONOMIC policy , *GLOBALIZATION , *STOCK exchanges - Abstract
Are equity markets just another facet of global finance, or are they unique in their responses to—and influences on—government policies and institutions? Recent work has explored the impact of political factors on bond market behavior and foreign direct investment, but little attention has been paid to stock markets. On the basis of the particular concerns of equity investors, we hypothesize a positive association between stock-market valuations and levels of democracy, shareholder rights, legal traditions, and capital-account liberalization, a negative association with real interest rates, and no association with fiscal deficits or surpluses. We assess our expectations by analyzing the political and institutional determinants of aggregate price-to-earnings ratios for a sample of up to 37 countries from 1985 to 2004, using both cross-sectional and time-series cross-sectional analyses. We find support for most, but not all, of our hypotheses. Our findings suggest that we must disaggregate the effects of different asset markets to understand the impact of economic globalization on government policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
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23. Workers' Rights in Open Economies: Global Production and Domestic Institutions in the Developing World.
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Mosley, Layna
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GLOBALIZATION , *EMPLOYEE rights , *PUBLIC institutions , *LABOR supply , *EXPORT marketing , *RESEARCH , *INTERNATIONAL relations ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Previous large-N research suggests that globalization could have either positive or negative consequences for labor rights in developing nations. This article examines the ways in which domestic political institutions and interests conditions the effects of economic globalization. It develops several hypotheses regarding the impact of domestic factors on labor rights outcomes and uses the case of Costa Rica to assess these hypotheses. The result is that although segments of the Costa Rican economy and labor force have benefited from industrial upgrading in recent years, the enclave nature of the export-oriented economy and the historical repression of organized labor render difficult the achievement of some internationally recognized core labor rights. The article concludes by discussing some of the issues for future research that are highlighted by the Costa Rican case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
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24. Racing to the Bottom or Climbing to the Top?
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Mosley, Layna and Uno, Saika
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GLOBALIZATION , *EMPLOYEE rights , *LABOR laws , *INDUSTRIAL relations , *EMPLOYMENT ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This article explores the impact of economic globalization on workers' rights in developing countries. The authors hypothesize that the impact of globalization on labor rights depends not only on the overall level of economic openness but also on the precise ways in which a country participates in global production networks. Using a new data set on collective labor rights, the authors test these expectations. Their analysis of the correlates of labor rights in 90 developing nations, from 1986 to 2002, highlights globalization's mixed impact on labor rights. As "climb to the top" accounts suggest, foreign direct investment inflows are positively and significantly related to the rights of workers. But at the same time, trade competition generates downward "race to the bottom" pressures on collective labor rights. The authors also find that domestic institutions and labor rights in neighboring countries are important correlates of workers' rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
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25. Globalisation and the state: Still room to move?
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Mosley, Layna
- Subjects
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WELFARE state , *GLOBALIZATION , *SOCIOECONOMICS , *INTERNATIONAL business enterprises , *GOVERNMENT policy , *BANKING industry - Abstract
Explores the extent to which the nation-state specifically, the modern welfare state, marked by intervention and publicly-provided social protection citing its compatibility with economic globalization. Role of transnational actors, including multinational corporations, institutional investors, banks and non-governmental organizations in national policy-making; Economic globalization and national government policies.
- Published
- 2005
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26. Attempting global standards: national governments, international finance, and the IMF's data regime.
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Mosley, Layna
- Subjects
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INTERNATIONAL finance , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations - Abstract
This article explores the conditions under which international financial standards succeed. While rationalist accounts treat the successful creation of international standards as a relatively straightforward exercise, I suggest otherwise. The cooperation of private sector agents is a necessary condition for successful standards, and this cooperation hinges on certain elements of institutional design. Using an assessment of the IMF's Special Data Dissemination Standard (SDDS), I explore issues of institutional design and effectiveness. On the basis of surveys of mutual fund managers and government officials, I argue that because the private sector has yet to become involved fully in the promulgation of the SDDS, the SDDS effort has not yet achieved its goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
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27. Sovereign Risk and Government Change: Elections, Ideology and Experience.
- Author
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Brooks, Sarah M., Cunha, Raphael, and Mosley, Layna
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ELECTIONS , *SOVEREIGN risk , *GOVERNMENT securities , *CREDIT default swaps , *BONDS (Finance) , *GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Global capital markets can react dramatically to elections in developing countries, affecting governments' access to finance and sometimes setting off broader crises. We argue, contrary to some conventional wisdom, that investors do not systematically react to the election of left-leaning parties and candidates. Government ideology is often an imprecise heuristic, given the diversity in policies among parties, especially those on the left. We therefore expect that neither elections generally, nor elections that produce specific partisan outcomes, are associated with significant changes in sovereign financing costs. Yet we also predict that the election of left-leaning parties will generate volatility in sovereign bond markets, reflecting investors' uncertainty over future policy outcomes. This volatility is especially pronounced when new governments take office; over time, however, government policy performance enables investors to make increasingly precise estimates of political risk. Volatility has implications for the real economy, as well as for governments' ability to manage their debt. We test, and find support for, our core expectations using monthly data on sovereign bond spreads and credit default swap prices for 74 developing countries from 1994–2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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28. Risk, Uncertainty and Autonomy: Financial Market Constraints in Developing Nations.
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Mosley, Layna and Brooks, Sarah
- Subjects
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POLITICAL autonomy , *POLITICAL planning , *CAPITAL market , *POLITICAL risk (Foreign investments) , *RIGHT & left (Political science) ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This paper investigates the roots of policymaking autonomy vis-à -vis international capital markets in developing nations. We do so by decomposing the elements of âpolitical risk,â and by theorizing about the implications of different components of risk for government policymaking. Political risk enters prominently in the study of economics and political science; it has been associated with outcomes including stock returns, capital flight, exchange rates, sovereign borrowing, and foreign direct investment flows. In general, where political risk is greater, investors will demand higher risk premiums, or they will refrain from investment. Nations with greater political risk therefore attract less capital or pay higher borrowing costs. As a result, political risk is a critical mechanism through which global economic forces shape domestic political outcomes.Yet, our understanding of political risk and its implications remains incomplete. Specifically, it is unclear whether market responses to political phenomena are driven by risk per se, or whether market responses are shaped more powerfully by uncertainty about the future actions of unknown political leaders. This distinction is crucial for understanding the scope and nature of market constraints on government action, and for understanding the causal linkages between globalization and domestic policymaking. We conjecture that the partisan identity of the government and the nature of political institutions will provide important signals to owners of financial capital about the risk type of the government. For governments of the left, however, we expect greater uncertainty surrounding the partisan signal of government credibility, given the disparities in market-oriented policy discipline adopted by left-leaning governments. Such uncertainty should not be as great where governments of the right are concerned. Thus, we expect sovereign debt markets to reflect such uncertainty about the government risk type in higher premiums charged to sovereign borrowers where left-leaning executives take power, compared to elections of right-wing executives.We test our propositions using both a large-N analysis of differences in interest rate spreads on government debt, a key indicator of political risk across emerging market countries over time, and by conducting case and interview research for Brazil. In the case study, we examine market responses (risk premiums) to the presidential campaign of Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva during the 2002 presidential election campaign, and compare these to data gathered in mid-2006 as Lula campaigned for re-election. As additional evidence, we draw upon interviews with professional fund managers in London and in São Paulo in mid-2006 and compare and contrast the information used to evaluate the âpolitical riskâ associated with the Lula government. ..PAT.-Unpublished Manuscript [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
29. Varieties of Capitalists? Multinational Production and Labor Rights in the Developing World.
- Author
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Mosley, Layna
- Subjects
- *
EMPLOYEE rights , *INTERNATIONAL trade , *FOREIGN investments , *SUBCONTRACTING , *ECONOMIC sectors ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
Assesses the extent to which the impact of multinational production (trade, foreign direct investment and subcontracting) on labor rights varies across economic sectors (e.g. labor vs. capital intensive) and across host countries. ..PAT.-Conference Proceeding [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
30. Racing to the Bottom or Climbing to the Top? Foreign Direct Investment and Collective Labor Rights.
- Author
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Mosley, Layna and Uno, Saika
- Subjects
- *
FOREIGN investments , *GLOBALIZATION , *COLLECTIVE labor agreements , *LABOR laws , *CAPITAL movements - Abstract
This paper addresses a key issue in debates regarding economic globalization: to what extent does the internationalization of production, via foreign direct investment, lead to increased abuses of workers in developing countries? Using a new dataset on collective labor rights violations, we assess the relationship between foreign direct investment and labor rights violations in over 100 developing nations, for 1985-2000. Our focus is on the legal rights and actual capacity of workers to organize, strike, and bargain collectively. In cross-sectional time series analyses, we find that, where accumulated stocks of foreign direct investment are higher, violations of collective labor rights are greater. At the same time, though, where new flows of foreign direct investment are greater, violations of collective labor rights are smaller. We also report evidence of competition within groups of countries: labor rights violations in one country are strongly associated with labor rights violations in the region, as well as in other countries at similar levels of development. These findings suggest that the relationship between economic globalization and labor rights in developing countries is a complex one, and that it is influenced more strongly by domestic institutions and the policies of peer countries than by foreign investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2004
31. Companies, International Trade and Human Rights.
- Author
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Mosley, Layna
- Subjects
- *
INTERNATIONAL trade , *NONFICTION - Abstract
The article reviews the book "Companies, International Trade and Human Rights," by Janet Dine.
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Categories, Creditworthiness, and Contagion: How Investors' Shortcuts Affect Sovereign Debt Markets.
- Author
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Brooks, Sarah M., Cunha, Raphael, and Mosley, Layna
- Subjects
- *
CONTAGION (Social psychology) , *PUBLIC debts , *ATTITUDES of capitalists & financiers , *FINANCIAL risk , *FINANCIAL markets , *RISK assessment , *CREDIT , *COUNTRIES , *INTERNATIONAL economic relations , *CLASSIFICATION , *ECONOMICS ,SOCIAL aspects - Abstract
We assess how investors evaluate sovereign borrowers, arguing that sovereign risk is less 'sovereign' than previous research assumes. Investors evaluate governments based not only on what they do, but also on investors' views of similar, 'peer' countries. Professional investors use investment categorizations (geography, sovereign credit rating, or level of market development) as a heuristic device. As a result, peer country effects, as well as country-specific and global factors (booms, crises, or shocks), should explain sovereign interest rates. The peer effects we expect are regular features of international capital markets, rather than phenomena that occur in periods of market turmoil. We assess our expectations using error correction models of monthly sovereign risk premiums, which reveal significant interdependencies in sovereign risk assessments among countries, net of global and domestic predictors. Such contagion emerges principally in the short term, although we also find robust, long-term ties in sovereign risk assessments among countries sharing common regional classifications. Hence, our evidence suggests that professional investors' reliance on country categorizations facilitates the transmission of market sentiments-which include lower as well as higher risk premiums charged-across groups of countries, even when countries differ in key measures of creditworthiness. Our analyses highlight the importance of investors' ideas regarding country categorizations; they call into question the efficiency of sovereign debt markets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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